CN108802577A - A kind of switch cabinet partial discharge measurement and positioning method - Google Patents
A kind of switch cabinet partial discharge measurement and positioning method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108802577A CN108802577A CN201810354397.2A CN201810354397A CN108802577A CN 108802577 A CN108802577 A CN 108802577A CN 201810354397 A CN201810354397 A CN 201810354397A CN 108802577 A CN108802577 A CN 108802577A
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- partial discharge
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
- G01R31/1227—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials
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Abstract
The present invention relates to distribution network switchgear detection fields, are particularly a kind of switch cabinet partial discharge measurement and positioning method, this method includes：Gap is found on switchgear；Arbitrary two gaps for intersecting and being formed a plane are labeled as one group；Arrange that at least 3 sensors are constituted a test plane on two at least one set of gaps in two directions centered on intersection point；Multiple sensors are acquired by channel respectively after receiving a same Partial discharge signal；It is positioned after handling the ground electric wave transient signal of acquisition.There is the electromagnetism tool that discharge pulse current generates when partial discharge occurs the present invention this important feature of directionality to be surveyed in partial discharge test in switchgear, have importance.Using reasonable Arrangement of the multisensor on switchgear, effective position of the switch cabinet partial discharge under complex environment is realized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to distribution network switchgear detection fields, are particularly a kind of switch cabinet partial discharge measurement and positioning side
Method.
Background technology
It is this kind of caused by being mostly due to the insulation faults such as insulation degradation in the accident that distribution network operation occurs
Where failure can effectively be scented a hidden danger by the shelf depreciation situation of detection power equipment, the generation of major accident is avoided,
In existing technology, the method for testing shelf depreciation includes TEV mensurations, hyperfrequency mensuration and ultrasonic Method for Measuring,
Also have in the prior art by the combination of a variety of methods for making up a kind of defect that method is brought, but still exists in complicated ring
The big problem of position error under border.
Invention content
Technical problem to be solved by the present invention lies in a kind of switch cabinet partial discharge measurement and positioning method is provided, complicated ring is solved
The big problem of position error under border.
The invention is realized in this way
A kind of switch cabinet partial discharge measurement and positioning method, this method include：
Gap is found on switchgear；
Arbitrary two gaps for intersecting and being formed a plane are labeled as one group；
Arrange that at least 3 sensors are constituted a survey in two directions centered on intersection point on two at least one set of gaps
Try plane；
Multiple sensors are acquired by channel respectively after receiving a same Partial discharge signal；
It is positioned after handling the ground electric wave transient signal of acquisition.
Further, two gaps for intersecting and being formed a plane are to intersect vertically, be less than 90 degree or big more than 10 degree
It is less than 170 degree of intersections in 90 degree.
Further, the number of sensors is selected as even numbers.
Further, the combination of the sensor for TEV radio wave sensor, electromagnetic signal sensor or both.
Further, the spaced set centered on the intersection point of gap of the sensor in both direction, the sensor are TEV
When ground radio wave sensor is combined with electromagnetic signal sensor, the sensor of same type is identical at a distance from center.
Further, the processing includes frequency division when being carried out to the inside and outside pulse signal of switchgear using wavelet transformation
Analysis, inside switch cabinet and outside are placed in by number of drawbacks discharging model, and impose power frequency high voltage excitation electric discharge, obtain related discharge
The inside and outside discharge pulse of TEV pulse datas, random extraction electric discharge carries out time-frequency comparative analysis, according to analysis result to adopting
The ground electric wave transient signal of collection carries out denoising.
Further, the processing includes that Partial Discharge Sources are reduced to Gauss current source to assess, and is counted using FDTD
Program is calculated, and partial discharge pulse's parameter, that is, equivalent current peak value and shelf depreciation pulsewidth are optimized using optimal method
Assessment.
Compared with prior art, the present invention advantageous effect is：Discharge pulse current generates when partial discharge occurs the present invention
Electromagnetism tool have this important feature of directionality with switchgear survey partial discharge test on, have importance.Utilize multisensor
Reasonable Arrangement on switchgear realizes effective position of the switch cabinet partial discharge under complex environment.
The method of the present invention is used not only for the vertical situation in gap, can be also used for the case where any angle intersects, passes through
Still there is positioning well to imitate for the processing procedure of the method for the present invention, data processing the case where for intersecting at any angle
Fruit.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is flow chart of the method for the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the main control unit used in one embodiment of the invention.
Specific implementation mode
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, with reference to embodiments, to the present invention
It is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, it is not used to
Limit the present invention.
Referring to Fig. 1, the present invention is a kind of switch cabinet partial discharge measurement and positioning method, and this method is used for switchgear, is utilized
In switch cabinet seam, test point is arranged according to the direction in gap, including：
Firstly the need of the selected gap on switchgear；Every gap is vertical on switchgear in general.
Arbitrary two gaps for intersecting and being formed a plane are labeled as one group；Here gap is for current switchgear
For, there can be orthogonal gap, but the present invention is not limited in vertical gap, can be the gap of arbitrary intersection.
For example, being less than 90 degree or two gaps more than 90 degree less than 170 degree more than 10 degree.
Arrange that at least 3 sensors are constituted a survey in two directions centered on intersection point on two at least one set of gaps
Try plane；The present invention is not restricted to that sensor is arranged on one group of gap, as needed can be in the gap of multigroup intersection
Both direction on sensor is set, what needs to be explained here is that, the sensor arranged on one group of gap will form a test
Plane.
Multiple sensors are acquired by channel respectively after receiving a same Partial discharge signal；
It is positioned after handling the ground electric wave transient signal of acquisition.
In a preferred embodiment, number of sensors is selected as even numbers.But it is not limited only to even numbers.
Required sensor be TEV radio wave sensor, electromagnetic signal sensor or both combination.Preferably at one
Embodiment in, can be the ground the four TEV ground radio wave sensor, four electromagnetic signal sensors or two TEV electric wave sensing
The combination of device and two electromagnetic signal sensors.
Sensor in the both direction spaced set centered on the intersection point of gap, such as sensor is with selecting two TEV
When radio wave sensor is combined with two electromagnetic signal sensors, two TEV radio wave sensor it is identical at a distance from center, two
Electromagnetic signal sensor is identical at a distance from center.The sensor of same type is distributed in two directions, for example, in a reality
It applies in example, with having selected two TEV radio wave sensor and an electromagnetic signal sensor, in one direction, arranges a TEV
Ground radio wave sensor and an electromagnetic signal sensor, with arranging TEV in the other directions radio wave sensor, and two
A TEV radio wave sensor range intersections distance it is identical.
In the present invention to the processing method of signal include using wavelet transformation to the inside and outside pulse signal of switchgear into
Number of drawbacks discharging model is placed in inside switch cabinet and outside by row time frequency analysis, and imposes power frequency high voltage excitation electric discharge, is obtained
The inside and outside discharge pulse of related discharge TEV pulse datas, random extraction electric discharge carries out time-frequency comparative analysis, according to analysis
As a result denoising is carried out to the ground electric wave transient signal of acquisition.
Then Partial Discharge Sources are reduced to Gauss current source to assess, using FDTD calculation procedures, and are utilized optimal
Change method optimizes assessment to partial discharge pulse's parameter, that is, equivalent current peak value and shelf depreciation pulsewidth.
Referring to the schematic diagram for the main control unit that Fig. 2 is an achievable the method for the present invention, it is 4 sensors to include, 4
The amplifier and filter in a channel, 4 channel 2.5G high-speed AD converters, the data buffer storage of 4 high-speed a/d channels acquisition
Device, FPGA, programmable gate array chip, testing and control keyboard, main control chip and test waveform test mode display.
In a specific embodiment, it is assumed that it is 60 degree that two gaps of switchgear, which are intersecting angle, uses two
TEV radio wave sensor and two electromagnetic signal sensors, sensor can be adsorbed on switchgear surface both direction respectively
On gap, the signal of electromagnetic signal that discharge pulse current when being occurred using partial discharge is generated on switchgear both direction gap
Partial discharge point is positioned.In view of switch cabinet partial discharge is happened in a metal-enclosed type structure, local discharge signal meeting
It generates multiple reflections and is come out by the slot leakage of switchgear.4 sensors, structure are arranged on the direction that two mutually intersect
At a test plane, ensure what test every time was analyzed both for the same Partial discharge signal.If it is using 2 sensings
Device is tested, then can only be tested and be analyzed on one wire.For accurate positioning, it is necessary to which traverse measurement, this just makes
It obtains caused by the electric discharge of test signal defevent experiment, it is often more important that when partial discharge occurs, often front and back electric discharge twice is strong
There may be larger gap on degree, either be positioned with the comparison method of time domain method or signal strength, can all be brought very big
Error, it is even infeasible.
Two TEV radio wave sensor and two electromagnetic signal sensors just constitute switch cabinet partial discharge in one plane
Signal strength test, by software analysis can quickly position.Due to the electromagnetic signal frequency pole for the generation that partial discharge generates
Height has reached hundreds of MHZ or even 1G or more, Partial discharge signal is sampled and be analyzed, just must be designed with very high sampling
Rate.In the technology used at present, the temporal resolution of partial discharge pulse is 2ns, and resolving power is relatively low, it is difficult in cabinet surface essence
The leak position of true positioningly electric wave；Shelf depreciation is random in physical property, and generated ground electric wave waveform is complicated
, pulse front edge not always monotone increasing, and the circuit structure for only carrying out timing only in accordance with pulse front edge will result in sometimes
The erroneous judgement of ground electric wave pulse order of arrival, cannot accurately provide the location information of Partial Discharge Sources.4 are used in one embodiment
There is 200 times of amplification factor, sampling rate 2.5GHz to start sampling with FPGA, stop for road signal synchronous collection, preamplifier
Only sampling, data synchronization and high speed data access, can quickly determine the switch cabinet there are shelf depreciation.
Safety, accuracy for test, in terms of excluding or reducing ambient noise interference measure, by collecting
Ground electric wave transient signal carry out time domain measurement and Second Generation Wavelets filtering adaptive analysis and empirical mode decomposition, to noise
Signal is filtered out, and the precision of positioning is improved, and realizes the automation of positioning.
In signal analysis, most basic variable is time and frequency.Signal processing is the most frequently used, most in currently available technology
Main method is Fourier transformation (Fourier Transform, FT), it establishes transformation bridge of the signal from time domain to frequency domain
Beam.Or but Fourier transformation can only reflect characteristics of signals or be embodied on frequency domain completely in the time domain completely on the whole
Signal characteristic cannot disclose time and its situation that changes with time of the appearance of certain frequency component, so it is for steady
The analysis of signal has advantageous advantage, but then power has and do not capture for the analysis of non-stationary signal.And switchgear in practice
Shelf depreciation is even more typical non-stationary signal.Therefore the time of further signal Analysis and the local feature of frequency are needed.
In order to overcome Fourier transformation this transformation of overall importance limitation, then just inevitable needs are become using part
The method changed, and time frequency analysis be indicate non-stationary signal using time and frequency Copula, and analyze it and
The method of processing is an important branch of nonstationary random response.Pass through years development at present, when foring several main
Frequency analysis method, including Short Time Fourier Transform, Wigner-Ville distribution and wavelet transformation etc..Wavelet transformation is as a kind of new
Time frequency analyzing tool it is different from short time discrete Fourier transform, window is adjustable time frequency window.Narrow window is used in high frequency, low
Then use wide window when frequency, i.e., with different scale observation signals, signal Analysis at varying resolutions, this has fully demonstrated adaptive
The thought of analysis should be differentiated.It is consistent with time-varying, the characteristic of non-stationary signal.Using wavelet transformation as representative in the present embodiment
Time frequency analysis is carried out to the inside and outside pulse signal of switchgear.When experiment, four kinds of common defect discharging models are set respectively
In inside switch cabinet and outside, and power frequency high voltage excitation electric discharge is imposed, obtains related discharge TEV pulse datas.Random extraction four
The inside and outside discharge pulse of kind electric discharge carries out time-frequency comparative analysis.
The selection of its threshold value of wavelet analysis removal signal noise will be directly related to the quality of signal denoising.The present embodiment profit
Each subband optimal threshold of wavelet transformation is acquired with simplex-simulated annealing, without the priori such as noise variance letter when calculating
Breath, while this method does not depend on the selection of initial threshold, both obtains globally optimal solution, and improve search efficiency.
Partial Discharge Sources are usually reduced to Gauss current source and assessed by parameter evaluation basic principle, using FDTD (when
Domain finite difference calculus) calculation procedure, and using optimal method to partial discharge pulse's parameter, that is, 0 drawn game of equivalent current peak I
Portion electric discharge pulsewidth τ optimizes assessment, and when the location determination for receiving position and discharge source of sensor, sensor receives
The waveform of signal is solely dependent upon the equivalent pulsewidth τ and equivalent amplitude value I0 of Partial Discharge Sources.
If the pulse parameter of discharge source is opened using the m transient electric field measurement sensor for being tightly attached to switchgear surface monitorings
Close the electric field change on cabinet surface, the m electric field signal waveform arrived according to sensor measurement, two unknown parameter x=(x1, x2)
=(τ, I0)=(n Δs t, I0) can be estimated out by minimizing following object function.
In formula (1)：K is the number of sensor；N is the sum of discrete measurement point；T is the duration of signal measurement；ΔT
For the time interval of measurement；Ekm (j Δ T) is the transient electric field signal that k-th of sensor is measured in switchgear surface certain point；
Ek (j Δ T) is the transient electric field signal calculated using FDTD programs in identical point with k-th of sensor.
Used in the present embodiment without heuristic Global Optimization Algorithm For Analysis, by simulating and disclosing certain natural phenomena or process
To solve the problems, such as complexity.When decision variable x is discrete state, global optimization problem becomes combinatorial optimization problem, can
It is written as
minF(x)
s·t·g(x)≥0x∈D。 (2)
In formula (2)：X is decision variable；F (x) is object function；G (x) is constraint function；D is made of limited a point
Feasible zone.The basic thought of simulated annealing (SA) is derived from physics annealing process.Equilibrium process under solid isothermal condition can be with
It is simulated with Metroplis criterion.Assuming that in state old, system receives certain disturbance and its state is made to become xnew, with this
Corresponding, the energy of system also becomes F (xnew) from F (xold), and system is become the acceptance probability of state xnew from state xold
For
As F (xnew)<When F (xold), current state xnew is acceptable important state xbest；As F (xnew) >=F
(xold) when, a random number ξ is generated between [0,1], if ξ<P, then current state xnew is acceptable important state
xbest；If ξ>P then casts out current state xnew.At the same temperature, the generation process for repeating the above new state, through excessive
The iteration of amount tends to the equilibrium state of minimum energy until system.As temperature declines, probability of acceptance p reduces.Simulated annealing
It is shown in Table 1 with the similarity relation of physics annealing process
The relationship of table 1 simulated annealing and physics annealing process
The general step of standard analog annealing algorithm can be described as follows：
1) in the optional initial solution x0 of solution space, and i=0 is enabled, optimal solution xbest=x0, (object function is most for optimal value
Small value) it is F (xbest), determine initial temperature ti；
If 2) reach interior loop termination condition at such a temperature, turns to and 6) otherwise turn to 3)；
3) a new neighborhood solution xnew is generated according to a certain neighborhood function in current optimal solution xbest, enabled
Δ F=F (xnew)-F (xbest)；
If 4) Δ F<0, then enable xbest=xnew, F (xbest)=F (xnew) turn 2), otherwise between generation [0,1]
Random number ξ；
If 5) exp (- Δ F/ti)<3) ξ turns；Otherwise, xbest=xnew is enabled,
F (xbest)=F (xnew) turns 2)；
6) cool down, enable ti+1=update (ti), i=i+1, if meeting end condition, algorithm terminates, and otherwise turns 3)
By simulation study in this hair embodiment, pulse parameter is commented when using the measurement result of 4 sensors
When estimating, multiple and different real Gaussian pulse parameter x*=(τ *, I0*)=(n* Δs t, I0*) is set, simulated annealing is enabled
Initial value is x0=(τ 0, I00)=(80 Δ t, 3), and the region of search of equivalent pulsewidth τ is set as [20 Δ t, 300 Δ t], equivalent width
The region of search of value I0 is set as [0.1,20], by iterating for optimization algorithm and FDTD calculation procedures, when algorithm terminates
Parameter value converges on optimal solution x=(τ, I0)=(n Δs t, I0).
The optimum results of 24 sensor partial discharge pulse parameter of table
Table 2 is the optimum results of partial discharge pulse's parameter based on 4 sensor measurements, it is seen that global optimization mould
The worst error of quasi- annealing algorithm and the equivalent pulsewidth τ of the combinational algorithm assessment Gauss Partial Discharge Sources of FDTD calculation procedures is
The worst error of 0.2%, assessment equivalent amplitude value I0 are 3%.From result of calculation as can be seen that using multiple sensor measurements
More accurate result can be obtained to assess pulse parameter.
In another embodiment, it is applied in the vertical switchgear in most common gap, in two perpendicular direction
Radio wave sensor and two electromagnetic signal sensors, test result are shown with being respectively arranged two TEV, registration.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all essences in the present invention
All any modification, equivalent and improvement etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention made by within refreshing and principle.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of switch cabinet partial discharge measurement and positioning method, which is characterized in that this method includes：
Gap is found on switchgear；
Arbitrary two gaps for intersecting and being formed a plane are labeled as one group；
It is flat to arrange that at least 3 sensors are constituted a test on two at least one set of gaps in two directions centered on intersection point
Face；
Multiple sensors are acquired by channel respectively after receiving a same Partial discharge signal；
It is positioned after handling the ground electric wave transient signal of acquisition.
2. according to the method for claim 1, which is characterized in that two gaps for intersecting and being formed a plane are vertical phase
Hand over, 90 degree are less than more than 10 degree or are less than more than 90 degree 170 degree of intersections.
3. according to the method for claim 1, which is characterized in that the number of sensors is selected as even numbers.
4. according to the method for claim 1, which is characterized in that the sensor for TEV radio wave sensor, electromagnetic signal
The combination of sensor or both.
5. according to the method described in claim 1 or 4, which is characterized in that during the sensor in both direction is with gap intersection point
Heart spaced set, the sensor is when for TEV radio wave sensor is combined with electromagnetic signal sensor, the sensing of same type
Device is identical at a distance from center.
6. according to the method for claim 1, which is characterized in that the processing includes using wavelet transformation to inside switch cabinet
Time frequency analysis is carried out with external pulse signal, number of drawbacks discharging model is placed in inside switch cabinet and outside, and impose power frequency
High pressure excitation electric discharge, obtains related discharge TEV pulse datas, and the inside and outside discharge pulse of random extraction electric discharge carries out time-frequency
Comparative analysis carries out denoising according to analysis result to the ground electric wave transient signal of acquisition.
7. according to the method described in claim 1 or 6, which is characterized in that the processing includes that Partial Discharge Sources are reduced to height
This current source is assessed, using FDTD calculation procedures, and using optimal method to partial discharge pulse's parameter, that is, equivalent electricity
Stream peak value and shelf depreciation pulsewidth optimize assessment.
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Cited By (5)
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| CN111736044A (en) * | 2020-06-24 | 2020-10-02 | 国网四川雅安电力（集团）股份有限公司 | Accurate positioning method for electrified detection of switch cabinet |
| CN111999620A (en) * | 2020-09-22 | 2020-11-27 | 珠海华网科技有限责任公司 | Multi-channel joint positioning method for partial discharge of power equipment |
| CN116484270A (en) * | 2023-06-25 | 2023-07-25 | 广东电网有限责任公司珠海供电局 | Partial discharge identification method and related device |
| CN116754910A (en) * | 2023-08-14 | 2023-09-15 | 广东电网有限责任公司珠海供电局 | Cable partial discharge monitoring method, system and equipment based on multipath optical fiber difference |
| WO2024127682A1 (en) * | 2022-12-14 | 2024-06-20 | 株式会社日立産機システム | Partial discharge detection metho and device therefor |
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| CN116754910A (en) * | 2023-08-14 | 2023-09-15 | 广东电网有限责任公司珠海供电局 | Cable partial discharge monitoring method, system and equipment based on multipath optical fiber difference |
| CN116754910B (en) * | 2023-08-14 | 2024-01-09 | 广东电网有限责任公司珠海供电局 | Cable partial discharge monitoring method, system and equipment based on multipath optical fiber difference |
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