CN106680585B - Harmonic wave/m-Acetyl chlorophosphonazo detection method - Google Patents
Harmonic wave/m-Acetyl chlorophosphonazo detection method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to harmonic wave/m-Acetyl chlorophosphonazo detection methods, comprising: signal is divided into different channels by A., and adjacent channel 50% is overlapped, and is extracted to harmonic wave/m-Acetyl chlorophosphonazo of channel output and M times of convolution of corresponding filter；B. the frequency spectrum of the output after extracting to harmonic wave/M times of m-Acetyl chlorophosphonazo carries out windowed FFT；C. power spectrum is calculated；D. power spectrum is scanned for, if its maximum value is greater than noise power, the road Ze Gai signal is harmonic wave/m-Acetyl chlorophosphonazo, otherwise the road is noise；E. amplitude is greatly real channel where harmonic wave/m-Acetyl chlorophosphonazo in adjacent channel；F. approximate calculation is done to the point near power spectrum maximum value, the amplitude, initial phase and frequency of channel after being corrected, and export.The present invention can be to the harmonic wave being divided into different channels/m-Acetyl chlorophosphonazo parallel processing, hence it is evident that improves the real-time and Parameter Estimation Precision of detection, and algorithm is simple, operand is small, it is easy to accomplish.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to harmonic wave/m-Acetyl chlorophosphonazo detection methods.
Background technique
With the extensive use of electric power, electronic device, the problem of harmonic wave and m-Acetyl chlorophosphonazo distort, is got worse.The source of harmonic wave
Mainly include two classes: traditional non-linear device (such as transformer, electric arc furnaces) and modern power electronic non-linear device are (such as brilliant lock
Pipe, fluorescent lamp etc.).The source of m-Acetyl chlorophosphonazo mainly includes two classes: frequency converter and periodic transformation load.A certain amount of harmonic wave/
M-Acetyl chlorophosphonazo can cause great harm power grid and user, specifically include that generate additional energy loss, influence insulation conditions,
Shorten equipment life, interference is generated to protective relaying device, measuring instrumentss and precision equipment, causes malfunction and measurement error
Deng.
Harmonic wave/m-Acetyl chlorophosphonazo parameter is quick, to accurately measure be the key factor solved the problems, such as, and realizes optimal compensation dress
The prerequisite set.Currently, the detection method of harmonic wave/m-Acetyl chlorophosphonazo is broadly divided into two classes: imparametrization and parametrization both at home and abroad.It is non-
Parametric method mainly has: Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), instantaneous reactive power theory, artificial neural network and wavelet transformation.Wherein
Fourier transformation function is more, convenience of calculation, but there are spectrum leakages and hurdle effect to influence detection accuracy；Instantaneous reactive power reason
It is preferable by real-time, but be not easy to frequency analysis；Artificial neural network has self-learning capability, but is not easy to hardware realization；
Wavelet transformation real-time and dynamic property are preferable, but high frequency section frequency discrimination is low and needs to search out suitable wavelet function.
Parametric method mainly has: auto-regressive moving-average model Power estimation method (ARMA, auto-regressive and moving
) and Prony method average.Auto-regressive moving-average model Power estimation method can improve frequency resolution, but its significantly
Precision is to AR model order and noise-sensitive；The characteristic quantity that Prony method can directly extract signal is analyzed, but calculation amount
Greatly and to noise-sensitive.Therefore it needs to design a kind of method, can be improved processing capability in real time, reach fast to harmonic wave/monochromatic wave
The purpose of speed detection, is easily achieved simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of detection methods of harmonic wave/m-Acetyl chlorophosphonazo, by reducing every path channels detection algorithm complexity
The real-time of harmonic wave/monochromatic wave detection is improved, while keeping high high-precision, and be easily achieved.
Harmonic wave/m-Acetyl chlorophosphonazo detection method of the invention, comprising:
A. channelizing designs:, will be in input signal by the filter group being made of the filter of different center frequency
Harmonic wave/m-Acetyl chlorophosphonazo and noise are divided into the channel of K different frequency range.Due to harmonic wave/m-Acetyl chlorophosphonazo uncertainty, may fall
Enter the junction of adjacent channel, therefore the channel architecture being overlapped using adjacent channel 50%, it in this way can be to avoid harmonic wave/m-Acetyl chlorophosphonazo
There is the case where missing inspection and distortion at filter skirt in place.The output of kth path channels be the channel harmonic wave/m-Acetyl chlorophosphonazo with
The convolution of corresponding filterWherein s [n-m] is Convolution Formula
Fixation expression formula, n be input signal discrete point, N be kth path channels in harmonic wave/m-Acetyl chlorophosphonazo number, hk[m] is kth road
The unit impact response of channel model,Wherein j is complex exponential, the filter of kth path channels
The centre frequency of wave device is ωk=2 π k/K, h0For the unit impact response of the 0th path channels filter；To the convolution yk[n] into
M times of row is extracted, and the convolution y is madekThe bandwidth of [n] is -2 π of π M/K≤ω≤2 M/K；
B. Fourier transform: kth path channels output N number of harmonic wave/m-Acetyl chlorophosphonazo beWherein
Ak, fk,Harmonic wave/m-Acetyl chlorophosphonazo amplitude, frequency and the initial phase of different frequency respectively in k path channels, m=n/K are M times and take out
Sequence expression formula after taking；Pass through the output y' after extracting to harmonic wave/M times of m-Acetyl chlorophosphonazokThe frequency spectrum of [m] carries out the change of adding window Fourier
It changes, obtains corresponding frequency fk[m]=y'k[m] w [m], and then obtain frequency fkThe unilateral frequency spectrum of [m] are as follows:
Window function used herein is hanning window, it has preferable frequency resolution and inhibits the energy of spectrum leakage
Power.
C. it calculates power spectrum: enabling power spectrum G (f)=[Fk(f)]2, it obtains:
F is the frequency of entire channel；
D. spectrum peak search: power spectrum G (f) is scanned for, its maximum value is found outBy maximum valueWith
Noise power compares, if maximum valueGreater than noise power, the road Ze Gai signal is harmonic wave/m-Acetyl chlorophosphonazo, continue to
Lower execution, on the contrary the road signal is noise, is terminated after direct output parameter；
E. channel judges: for comparing harmonics present/m-Acetyl chlorophosphonazo in the amplitude of adjacent channel, the big channel of amplitude is harmonic wave/m-Acetyl chlorophosphonazo
The real channel at place；
F. parameters revision: the channel of division is more, it is meant that has more number of samples, will lead to Fourier transform (FFT)
Operand increase.In the case where not increasing channel and FFT counts, Parameter Estimation Precision is improved by parameter correction.Institute
Stating the corresponding frequency of the spectral peak searched in power spectrum G (f) is harmonic wave/m-Acetyl chlorophosphonazo frequency, but due to hurdle effect, spectral peak
Corresponding frequencyWith actual fkThere are a certain amount of offsets.Therefore the corresponding frequency of spectral peak that step D is obtained is setAnd reality
The frequency f on borderkBetween offset be Δ i, to maximum valueNeighbouring point does approximate calculation, revised by obtaining
FrequencyThe amplitude of k channel is after being corrected
For the theoretical value of power spectrum, KtFor energetic coefficient of restitution；Initial phase isR (f) is signal
Real part, I (f) are the imaginary part of signal；By the revised frequency fk, amplitude AkAnd initial phaseOutput.
Further, in order to further increase real-time, the channelizing part of step A is carried out to point of multiphase filtering framework
Solution: by by the unit impact response h of the 0th path channels filter0It is obtained through z-transform (a kind of method that z-transform is linear analysis)
It arrivesThe unit impact response of kth path channels filter is obtained into H through z-transformk[z]=H0[e-j2πk/ KZ], obtain harmonic wave/m-Acetyl chlorophosphonazo of the output of kth path channels and the convolution y of corresponding filterkThe z-transform of [n] isIndicate first of E [z], S
[z] is the expression formula after z-transform；Again to the convolution Y after the z-transformk[z] carries out M times and extracts, and then to described in step B
N number of harmonic wave/m-Acetyl chlorophosphonazo y' of kth path channels outputk[m] progress z-transform obtains corresponding:
Then to Y 'k[z] carries out the windowed FFT, and wherein IDFT is inverse discrete Fourier transform.Above formula
In IDFT operation can with IFFT (inverse fast Fourier transform) operation substitute.And above formula is equivalent to a M times of extraction and is put into
Front end executes, and detection process entire in this way is carried out under 1/M times of input data rate, is reduced and is wanted to processing speed
It asks, to improve processing capability in real time.In addition, above formula is also equivalent to carry out K times to filter coefficient to extract, then in 2 times
Zero insertion, so the filter order of every path channels is reduced to D/M, to reduce accumulated error, hence it is evident that improve precision.
On this basis, to the analysis method of the noise power are as follows: the signal-to-noise ratio after channelizing isWherein AiFor harmonic wave/m-Acetyl chlorophosphonazo amplitude, K is channel quantity,For the variance of noise, hk
[n] is the unit impact response of kth path channels filter, by the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) after the channelizingoutFourier transform obtains
Transformed signal-to-noise ratioD is the order of filter, and M is the multiple that harmonic wave/monochromatic wave extracts, and N is institute
Harmonic wave/m-Acetyl chlorophosphonazo number in the channel, and then obtain noise powerIt follows that channelizing
Noise after harmonic wave/m-Acetyl chlorophosphonazo is attenuatedTimes, noise is effectively reduced to harmonic wave/monochromatic wave detection interference, and
And harmonic wave/m-Acetyl chlorophosphonazo except channel is also filtered, to will not interfere with each other, influences signal detection and parameter Estimation.
Preferably, to the convolution y in step AkAfter [n] carries out M times of extraction, convolution y is obtainedkThe bandwidth of [n] is -2 π M/K
The π M/K of≤ω≤2, aliasing then makes 2 π M/K≤π in order to prevent, and therefore, M≤K/2 obtains M=K/2.
Through simulation analysis and compare, the detection method of harmonic wave/m-Acetyl chlorophosphonazo of the present invention, it can be to being divided into different channels
Harmonic wave/m-Acetyl chlorophosphonazo parallel processing, hence it is evident that improve the real-time and Parameter Estimation Precision of detection, and algorithm is simple, operand
It is small, it is easy to accomplish.
Specific embodiment with reference to embodiments is described in further detail above content of the invention again.
But the range that this should not be interpreted as to the above-mentioned theme of the present invention is only limitted to example below.Think not departing from the above-mentioned technology of the present invention
In the case of thinking, the various replacements or change made according to ordinary skill knowledge and customary means should all be included in this hair
In bright range.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the detection method of harmonic wave/m-Acetyl chlorophosphonazo of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
The detection method of harmonic wave/m-Acetyl chlorophosphonazo of the present invention as shown in Figure 1, comprising:
A. channelizing designs:, will be in input signal by the filter group being made of the filter of different center frequency
Harmonic wave/m-Acetyl chlorophosphonazo and noise are divided into the channel of K different frequency range.FIR filter is adopted in the present embodiment (has the punching of limit for length's unit
Swash response filter).The unit impact response of D rank low-pass filter are as follows: h0[n]={ h [0] ... h [D-1] }, others filtering
Device can be generated by the low-pass filter frequency displacement.The centre frequency of the filter of kth path channels in K path channels structure are as follows: ωk
=2 π k/K, the unit impact response of bandpass filter are as follows:The passband boundary of filter
Frequency is ωp=π/K；Stopband edge frequency is ωs=2 π/K.Frequency existsHarmonic wave and m-Acetyl chlorophosphonazo
It will fall into kth path channels.
Due to harmonic wave/m-Acetyl chlorophosphonazo uncertainty, the junction of adjacent channel may be fallen into, therefore uses adjacent channel
, in this way can be to avoid at filter skirt, there are the feelings of missing inspection and distortion at harmonic wave/m-Acetyl chlorophosphonazo in the channel architecture of 50% overlapping
Condition.The output of kth path channels is harmonic wave/m-Acetyl chlorophosphonazo of the channel and the convolution of corresponding filterWherein s [n-m] is the fixation expression formula of Convolution Formula, and n is input letter
Number discrete point, N be kth path channels in harmonic wave/m-Acetyl chlorophosphonazo number, hk[m] is that the unit impact of kth path channels filter is rung
It answers,Wherein j is complex exponential, and the centre frequency of kth path channels filter is ωk=2 π
K/K, h0For the unit impact response of the 0th path channels filter；By above-mentioned Convolution Formula it is found that filter group can be equivalent to add
Window Short Time Fourier Transform (STFT): hk[n]=w [- n] ej(2πkn/K), wherein n=m × K, m are the sequence expression after M times of extraction
Formula, w [n] are window function, and the window function in the present embodiment uses hanning window.Filter order
Wherein RpFor the passband fluctuation factor, RsFor stopband insertion loss, Btr(=π/K) it is intermediate zone.
To above-mentioned h0Z-transform is carried out, is obtainedL indicates one
Numberical range enablesek[n] is filter coefficient, is indicated are as follows:
It can be by above-mentioned H0(z) it is rewritten asBy
H known to the property of z-transformkH is obtained after carrying out z-transformk[z]=H0[e-j2πk/KZ], z is the z in z-transform.Therefore the convolution yk
The z-transform of [n] are as follows:Table
Show first of E [z], S [z] is the expression formula after z-transform.
To the convolution yk[n] carries out the M times of y' exported after extractingk[m] (=yk[Mn]) z-transform, it obtains:
Due to the convolution ykThe bandwidth of [n] is -2 π M/K of π M/K≤ω≤2, in order to prevent aliasing then 2 π M/K≤π, because
This M≤K/2, M=K/2 in the present embodiment.Therefore K/M=2, is substituted into above-mentioned Y 'kIn [z] expression formula, E is obtainedl(zK/Me-j2πmK/M)=El(z2) then:
Wherein IDFT is inverse discrete Fourier transform.Detection process entire so be all under 1/M times of input data rate into
Row, reduces the requirement to processing speed, to improve processing capability in real time.In addition, above formula is also equivalent to filter system
Number carries out K times and extracts, then zero insertion in 2 times, so the filter order of every path channels is reduced to D/M, to reduce tired
Product error, hence it is evident that improve precision.
B. Fourier transform: kth path channels output N number of harmonic wave/m-Acetyl chlorophosphonazo beWherein
Ak, fk,Harmonic wave/m-Acetyl chlorophosphonazo amplitude, frequency and the initial phase of different frequency, m=n/K respectively in k path channels；By right
Output y' after harmonic wave/M times of m-Acetyl chlorophosphonazo extractionkThe frequency spectrum of [m] carries out windowed FFT, obtains corresponding frequency fk[m]=
y'k[m] w [m], and then obtain frequency fkThe unilateral frequency spectrum of [m] are as follows:This is implemented
The frequency spectrum modular function of hanning window function used in exampleBring above-mentioned F intok(f) it in, obtains:
C. it calculates power spectrum: enabling power spectrum G (f)=[Fk(f)]2, it obtains:
F is the frequency of entire channel；
D. spectrum peak search: power spectrum G (f) is scanned for, its maximum value is found outBy maximum valueWith
Noise power compares, if maximum valueGreater than noise power, the road Ze Gai signal is harmonic wave/m-Acetyl chlorophosphonazo, continue to
Lower execution, on the contrary the road signal is noise, is terminated after direct output parameter；
The wherein judgment method of noise power are as follows: harmonic wave/m-Acetyl chlorophosphonazo signal-to-noise ratio of input isWherein Ai
For harmonic wave/m-Acetyl chlorophosphonazo amplitude,For the variance of noise.The filter output on kth road can be expressed as yk[n]=yks[n]+
ykω[n], wherein yks[n] is that harmonic wave/monochromatic wave individually generates when stablizing, output response are as follows:
fiFor i-th of harmonic wave/monochromatic wave frequency.
ykω[n] is what noise individually generated, is zero-mean gaussian coloured noise, its variance after wave filter are as follows:
Since the output of harmonic wave is complex signal, the half output in filter is independent, the then signal-to-noise ratio after channelizing
ForWherein K is channel quantity, hk[n] is the unit impact response of kth path channels filter,
From the above equation, we can see that the noise after channelizing is attenuated K/2 times.
By the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) after the channelizingoutFourier transform.It is extracted due to having carried out M times to harmonic wave/monochromatic wave,
Then with filter convolution, therefore sampling number becomes (N+D)/M in every path channels, and D is the order of filter, and N is that place is believed
Harmonic wave/m-Acetyl chlorophosphonazo number in road, it may be assumed that
For harmonic wave/m-Acetyl chlorophosphonazo initial phase, fsFor sampling frequency
Rate.It enables: δ=fk/fs- k, when signal frequency is near FFT spectral line, the amplitude of signal are as follows:
Since FFT is linear transformation, white Gaussian noise ω [n]
Still Gaussian distributed, FFT transform areVariance are as follows:
Thus the signal-to-noise ratio after obtaining Fourier transform are as follows:And then obtain noise power
E. channel judges: for comparing harmonics present/m-Acetyl chlorophosphonazo in the amplitude of adjacent channel, the big channel of amplitude is harmonic wave/m-Acetyl chlorophosphonazo
The real channel at place；
F. parameters revision: the channel of division is more, it is meant that has more number of samples, will lead to Fourier transform (FFT)
Operand increase.In the case where not increasing channel and FFT counts, Parameter Estimation Precision is improved by parameter correction.Institute
Stating the corresponding frequency of the spectral peak searched in power spectrum G (f) is harmonic wave/m-Acetyl chlorophosphonazo frequency, but due to hurdle effect, spectral peak
Corresponding frequencyWith actual fkThere are a certain amount of offsets.Therefore the corresponding frequency of spectral peak that step D is obtained is setAnd reality
The frequency f on borderkBetween offset be Δ i, to maximum valueNeighbouring point does approximate calculation, then has:
Revised normalized frequency are as follows:Sampling number in channel is N/K, and the frequency resolution of each channel is (fsK)/N, school
Harmonic frequency after just are as follows:Wherein fok(=fsIt k/K is) every path channels
Centre frequency.By Paasche Wa Er theorem it is found thatIt is the theoretical value of power spectrum.If energetic coefficient of restitution is Kt, school
Amplitude after just isInitial phase isR (f) is the reality of signal
Portion, I (f) are the imaginary part of signal, then revised initial phase isBy the revised frequency
Rate fk, amplitude AkAnd initial phaseOutput.
Claims (4)
1. harmonic wave/m-Acetyl chlorophosphonazo detection method, feature include:
A. channelizing designs: by the filter group being made of the filter of different center frequency, by the harmonic wave in input signal/
M-Acetyl chlorophosphonazo and noise are divided into the channel of K different frequency range, and the channel architecture being overlapped using adjacent channel 50%, kth
The output of path channels is harmonic wave/m-Acetyl chlorophosphonazo of the channel and the convolution of corresponding filterWherein s [n-m] is the fixation expression formula of Convolution Formula, and n is input letter
Number discrete point, N be kth path channels in harmonic wave/m-Acetyl chlorophosphonazo number, hk[m] is that the unit impact of kth path channels filter is rung
It answers,Wherein j is complex exponential, and the centre frequency of kth path channels filter is ωk=2 π
K/K, h0For the unit impact response of the 0th path channels filter；To the convolution yk[n] carries out M times and extracts, and makes the convolution yk
The bandwidth of [n] is -2 π of π M/K≤ω≤2 M/K；
B. Fourier transform: kth path channels output N number of harmonic wave/m-Acetyl chlorophosphonazo beWherein Ak,
fk,Harmonic wave/m-Acetyl chlorophosphonazo amplitude, frequency and the initial phase of different frequency respectively in k path channels, m=n/K are M times and extract
Sequence expression formula afterwards；Pass through the output y' after extracting to harmonic wave/M times of m-Acetyl chlorophosphonazokThe frequency spectrum of [m] carries out the change of adding window Fourier
It changes, obtains corresponding frequency fk[m]=y'k[m] w [m], w [m] are window function, and then obtain frequency fkThe unilateral frequency spectrum of [m]
Are as follows:
C. it calculates power spectrum: enabling power spectrum G (f)=[Fk(f)]2, it obtains:
F is the frequency of entire channel；
D. spectrum peak search: power spectrum G (f) is scanned for, its maximum value is found outBy maximum valueWith noise
Power compares, if maximum valueGreater than noise power, the road Ze Gai signal is harmonic wave/m-Acetyl chlorophosphonazo, and continuation is held downwards
Row, on the contrary the road signal is noise, is terminated after direct output parameter；
E. channel judges: for comparing harmonics present/m-Acetyl chlorophosphonazo in the amplitude of adjacent channel, the big channel of amplitude is harmonic wave/m-Acetyl chlorophosphonazo place
Real channel；
F. parameters revision: the corresponding frequency of the spectral peak that step D is obtainedWith actual frequency fkBetween offset be Δ i, to most
Big valueNeighbouring point does approximate calculation, by obtaining revised frequencyIt is repaired
The amplitude of k channel is after just For the theoretical value of power spectrum, KtFor energy restorer
Number；Initial phase isR (f) is the real part of signal, and I (f) is the imaginary part of signal；By the amendment
Frequency f afterwardsk, amplitude AkAnd initial phaseOutput.
2. the detection method of harmonic wave/m-Acetyl chlorophosphonazo as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: it include multiphase filtering framework in step A
Decomposition: by by the unit impact response h of the 0th path channels filter0It is obtained through z-transformBy kth
The unit impact response of path channels filter obtains H through z-transformk[z]=H0[e-j2πk/KZ], obtain the output of kth path channels
The convolution y of harmonic wave/m-Acetyl chlorophosphonazo and corresponding filterkThe z-transform of [n] is It indicates first of E [z], S [z] is the expression formula after z-transform；Again to the z-transform
Convolution Y afterwardsk[z] carries out M times and extracts, and then to N number of harmonic wave/m-Acetyl chlorophosphonazo y' of the output of kth path channels described in step Bk[m]
Progress z-transform obtains corresponding:
Then to Y 'k[z] carries out the windowed FFT, and wherein IDFT is inverse discrete Fourier transform.
3. the detection method of harmonic wave/m-Acetyl chlorophosphonazo as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: the signal-to-noise ratio after channelizing isWherein AiFor harmonic wave/m-Acetyl chlorophosphonazo amplitude, K is channel quantity,For the variance of noise, hk
[n] is the unit impact response of kth path channels filter, by the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) after the channelizingoutFourier transform obtains
Transformed signal-to-noise ratioD is the order of filter, and M is the multiple that harmonic wave/monochromatic wave extracts, and N is institute
Harmonic wave/m-Acetyl chlorophosphonazo number in the channel, and then obtain noise power
4. the detection method of harmonic wave/m-Acetyl chlorophosphonazo as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: to the convolution y in step Ak
[n] carries out M times and extracts, wherein M=K/2.
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