CN104568148A - Optical system for atmosphere CO2 hyper-spectrum imaging spectrometer - Google Patents
Optical system for atmosphere CO2 hyper-spectrum imaging spectrometer Download PDFInfo
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- CN104568148A CN104568148A CN201410847694.2A CN201410847694A CN104568148A CN 104568148 A CN104568148 A CN 104568148A CN 201410847694 A CN201410847694 A CN 201410847694A CN 104568148 A CN104568148 A CN 104568148A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an optical system for an atmosphere CO2 hyper-spectrum imaging spectrometer. The optical system is suitable for detecting the small change of atmosphere CO2 column concentration with high precision. The optical system comprises an inverse Cassegrain form front-arranged system, a Litrow-type and middle-ladder immersion diffraction grating light splitting system and a focal plane detector, and spectrum forms of an oxygen-A (O2-A) band, a weak CO2 wave band and a strong CO2 wave band are detected at the same time. Three different middle-ladder immersion diffraction grating diffraction levels are adopted in the three wave bands, and the three wavebands share one front-arranged system, an entrance slit and the light splitting system. The optical system has the advantages of being compact in structure, small in size, wide in view field, high in spectrum resolution, good in imaging quality, and suitable for the wide-coverage micro-miniature CO2 hyper-spectrum imaging spectrometer.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of optical system of light spectrum image-forming spectrometer, particularly one is applicable to detected with high accuracy Atmospheric CO
2the optical system of the Hyper spectral Imaging spectrometer of post concentration subtle change.
Background technology
CO
2as important greenhouse gases, its discharge constantly increases Climatic issues one of the environmental problem becoming global concern caused, high-acruracy survey Atmospheric CO
2concentration, determines Atmospheric CO
2concentration in time and spatial variations, seeks CO
2source is converged and position, to research CO
2climatic effect is important.For this reason, the country such as Japan, the U.S., European Union is all at positive research and development Greenhouse satellite.
But the greenhouse gases imaging spectrometer of research and development both at home and abroad is at present faced with the problems such as volume is large, Heavy Weight.Wherein, Japan GOSAT(Greenhouse gases Observing Satellite) percent of greenhouse gases detection instrument TANSO-FTS(Thermal and Near-infrared Sensor for Carbon Observation-Fourier Transform Spectrometer) be 4 passage Fourier transform spectrometer,s, volume is 1.2m × 1.1m × 0.7m, and weight is 250kg; U.S. OCO-2(Orbiting Carbon Observatory) be 3 passage large-area grating spectrometers, volume is 1.6m × 0.6m × 0.4m, and weight is 135kg; For reducing satellite monitoring Atmospheric CO
2concentration cost, little, that quality the is light Hyper spectral Imaging spectrometer of development volume has broad application prospects.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is for existing high-acruracy survey Atmospheric CO
2the deficiencies such as the volume that Hyper spectral Imaging spectrometer optical system exists is large, Heavy Weight, provide one can meet the requirement of Hyper spectral Imaging spectrometer image quality, volume are little, quality is light is applicable to detected with high accuracy Atmospheric CO
2the optical system of the Hyper spectral Imaging spectrometer of post concentration subtle change.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a kind of Atmospheric CO
2the optical system of Hyper spectral Imaging spectrometer, optical system works, in three wave bands, is respectively O
2-A is with 0.758 μm ~ 0.772 μm, weak CO
2wave band 1.591 μm ~ 1.621 μm and strong CO
2wave band 2.044 μm ~ 2.080 μm, the centre wavelength diffracted beam angle of diffraction approximately equal of three wave bands; The structure of optical system is: comprise a front-end system, a beam splitting system and three focus planardetectors; Described front-end system is reflective structure, comprises two unilateral shapes and is quadric catoptron, and along light direction, be followed successively by first catoptron and second catoptron, the vertex curvature radius of two panels catoptron is followed successively by R
1and R
2, during relative to the normalization of front-end system focal length, satisfy condition 3.0≤R
1≤ 3.5,3.0≤R
2≤ 3.5; Described beam splitting system comprises entrance slit, colimated light system, ladder submergence diffraction grating, imaging system and two groups of dichroism spectroscopes in one piece, along light direction, be followed successively by the first catoptron of beam splitting system, second catoptron and the 3rd catoptron, colimated light system and imaging system share this three catoptrons, the face type of three catoptrons is followed successively by four aspheric surfaces, sphere and quadric surfaces, and the vertex curvature radius of three catoptrons is followed successively by R
3, R
4and R
5, during relative to imaging system or the normalization of colimated light system focal length, satisfy condition-1≤R
3≤-0.95 ,-0.65≤R
4≤-0.6 ,-2≤R
5≤-1.95; Middle ladder submergence diffraction grating works in Li Teluo condition, and the order of diffraction time that three service bands use respectively is 38 grades, 18 grades and 14 grades; Two groups of described dichroism spectroscopes comprise two pieces of dichroism spectroscopes and one flat plate glass, between the first catoptron being placed in image planes and beam splitting system; Three described focus planardetectors are placed in the image planes place of three service bands respectively.
In front-end system of the present invention, first piece of catoptron and second piece of catoptron common optical axis, aperture diaphragm is placed in the object space focal plane place of second catoptron, meets the image space heart far away.Three catoptrons of beam splitting system are that common optical axis is arranged.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows: Atmospheric CO provided by the invention
2hyper spectral Imaging spectrometer optical system adopts reflected version, no color differnece; Front-end system is made up of the coaxial catoptron of two panels, and beam splitting system is by three coaxial catoptrons, ladder submergence diffraction grating and two groups of dichroism spectroscopes form in one piece; Three wave bands share same front-end system, entrance slit and beam splitting system, have Large visual angle, simple and compact for structure, the feature that volume is small, meet the light little requirement of space flight useful load; System spectrum resolution is high, is applicable to Atmospheric CO
2the detected with high accuracy of concentration.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the Atmospheric CO that the embodiment of the present invention provides
2the structural representation of Hyper spectral Imaging spectrometer optical system;
Fig. 2 is the Atmospheric CO that the embodiment of the present invention provides
2the light path schematic diagram of Hyper spectral Imaging spectrometer front-end system;
Fig. 3 is the Atmospheric CO that the embodiment of the present invention provides
2the light path schematic diagram of Hyper spectral Imaging spectrometer beam splitting system;
Fig. 4 is the Atmospheric CO that the embodiment of the present invention provides
2the schematic diagram of ladder submergence diffraction grating in Hyper spectral Imaging spectrometer;
Fig. 5 is the weak CO of beam splitting system that the embodiment of the present invention provides
2wave band Spectral line bend curve map;
Fig. 6 is the weak CO of beam splitting system that the embodiment of the present invention provides
2wave band chromatic variation of distortion curve map;
Fig. 7 is the ray tracing point range figure of the optical system that the embodiment of the present invention provides;
Fig. 8 is the weak CO of optical system that the embodiment of the present invention provides
2wave band long wavelength threshold diffraction energy concentration degree curve map;
Fig. 9 is the weak CO of optical system that the embodiment of the present invention provides
2wave band long wavelength threshold modulation transfer function curve.
In figure: 1 and 2, incident direction chief ray; 3, front-end system first piece of catoptron; 4, aperture diaphragm; 5, front-end system second piece of catoptron; 6, front-end system optical axis; 7, entrance slit; 8,9 and 10, incident direction chief ray; 11, beam splitting system first piece of catoptron; 12, beam splitting system second piece of catoptron; 13, beam splitting system the 3rd piece of catoptron; 14, middle ladder submergence diffraction grating; 15 and 16, dichroism spectroscope; 17, sheet glass; 18, beam splitting system optical axis; 19,20 and 21, detector; 22, incident ray; 23 and 24, different wave length diffracted ray.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, working of an invention scheme is further elaborated.
Embodiment 1
The technical scheme of the present embodiment is applicable to Atmospheric CO
2hyper spectral Imaging spectrometer optical system, 20 °, front-end system visual field, service band 0.758 μm ~ 2.080 μm, focal length 14mm, F number 4; Beam splitting system service band O
2-A is with 0.758 μm ~ 0.772 μm, weak CO
2wave band 1.591 μm ~ 1.621 μm and strong CO
2wave band 2.044 μm ~ 2.080 μm, three band spectrum resolving powers are 21000.
See accompanying drawing 1, it be the present embodiment provide be applicable to Atmospheric CO
2hyper spectral Imaging spectrometer optical system structure schematic diagram; This optical system comprises a front-end system, a beam splitting system and three focus planardetectors 19,20 and 21.Its volume is long 227mm × wide 191mm × high 121mm.Front-end system comprises two panels catoptron 3 and 5; Beam splitting system comprises entrance slit 7, colimated light system, ladder submergence diffraction grating 14, imaging system and two groups of dichroism spectroscopes in one piece, two groups of dichroism spectroscopes comprise two pieces of dichroism spectroscopes 15 and 16 and one flat plate glass 17, between the first catoptron 11 being placed in image planes and beam splitting system, colimated light system and imaging system share three catoptrons 11,12 and 13; Three focus planardetectors 19,20 and 21 are placed in O respectively
2-A band, weak CO
2wave band and strong CO
2wave band image planes place.Incident light images in slit 7 place (vertically placing) after front-end system first catoptron 3 and second catoptron 5, by the light of the slit 7 first catoptron 11 through beam splitting system, after the colimated light system collimation of second catoptron 12 and the 3rd catoptron 13 composition, incide middle ladder submergence diffraction grating 14, after grating 14 dispersion light splitting, through catoptron 13, the imaging system images that catoptron 12 and catoptron 11 form, and after the light of different-waveband being separated by two groups of dichroism spectroscopes 15,16 and 17, arrive respective detector 19,20 and 21.
See accompanying drawing 2, it is the light path schematic diagram of the front-end system that the present embodiment provides, front-end system adopts reflected version, be made up of the catoptron of two panels common optical axis 6, along light direction, be followed successively by first catoptron 3 and second catoptron 5, aperture diaphragm 4 is placed in the object space focal plane place of second catoptron 5, and system meets the image space heart far away.Incident light 1 and 2 images in slit 7 place according to this after first catoptron 3, aperture diaphragm 4, second catoptron 5, in the present embodiment, the long 5mm of slit, wide 20 μm.First catoptron 3 and second catoptron 5 vertex curvature radius are respectively 24.1mm, 23.3mm, Conic coefficient is respectively 5.646,0.19, base material is quartz, catoptron 3 and aperture diaphragm 4 interval-5.2mm, aperture diaphragm 4 and catoptron 5 interval-11.4mm, catoptron 5 and slit 7 interval 19.7mm.
See accompanying drawing 3, it is the light path schematic diagram of the beam splitting system that the present embodiment provides, and beam splitting system comprises entrance slit 7, colimated light system, ladder submergence diffraction grating 14, imaging system and two groups of dichroism spectroscopes 15,16 and 17 in one piece.Colimated light system and imaging system share the catoptron 11,12 and 13 of three common optical axis 18; Two groups of dichroism spectroscopes comprise two pieces of dichroism spectroscopes 15 and 16, one flat plate glass 17.By the incident light 8,9 and 10 of the entrance slit 7 first catoptron 11 through beam splitting system, after the colimated light system collimation of second catoptron 12 and the 3rd catoptron 13 composition, incide middle ladder submergence diffraction grating 14, after grating 14 dispersion light splitting, again through catoptron 13, the imaging system images that catoptron 12 and catoptron 11 form, and after the light of different-waveband being separated by two groups of dichroism spectroscopes 15,16 and 17, arrive respective detector 19,20 and 21.In the present embodiment, the correlation parameter of beam splitting system is: the face shape of catoptron 11,12 and 13 is followed successively by four aspheric surfaces, sphere, quadric surfaces, and catoptron 11 vertex curvature radius is-240mm, Conic coefficient be 0.33, four asphericity coefficients is 1.2 × 10
-9, catoptron 12 radius-of-curvature is-150mm, and catoptron 13 vertex curvature radius is-490mm, Conic coefficient is-1.55; Spacing parameter is: slit 7 and catoptron 11 spacing 170mm, catoptron 11 and catoptron 12 spacing-130mm, catoptron 12 and catoptron 13 spacing 130mm, catoptron 13 and middle ladder submergence diffraction grating 14 spacing-130mm, catoptron 11 and image planes spacing-170mm; Grating constant is 12 μm, and three wave bands use 38,18,14 order diffractions respectively, and respective centre wavelength diffracted beam angle of diffraction is about 55.3 °; The base material of catoptron 11,12 and 13 is quartz, and dichroism spectroscope 15 and 16, the material of sheet glass 17 is quartz, and echelle grating submergence material is N-PK52A.
See accompanying drawing 4, it is ladder submergence diffraction grating schematic top plan view in the optical system described in the present embodiment, incident light 22 through in ladder submergence diffraction grating 14, obtain the diffraction light 23 and 24 of different wave length.
See accompanying drawing 5, it is the weak CO of optical system described in the present embodiment
2wave band Spectral line bend curve map, horizontal ordinate represents normalization visual field, and ordinate represents the size of Spectral line bend, and as seen from the figure, beam splitting system Spectral line bend maximum is 28 μm.
See accompanying drawing 6, it is the weak CO of optical system described in the present embodiment
2wave band chromatic variation of distortion curve map, horizontal ordinate represents normalization visual field, and ordinate represents chromatic variation of distortion size, and as seen from the figure, the maximum chromatic variation of distortion amount of beam splitting system is 4 μm.
See accompanying drawing 7, it is the O of the optical system described in the present embodiment
2-A is with short-wavelength limit (0.758 μm), weak CO
2wave band short-wavelength limit (1.591 μm) and strong CO
2wave band short-wavelength limit (2.044 μm) ray tracing point range figure, can find out, within the point range figure at each visual field place of different wave length nearly all drops on a pixel in image planes, shows that this optical system has good imaging characteristic.
See accompanying drawing 8, it is the weak CO of the optical system described in the present embodiment
2wave band long wavelength threshold (1.621 μm) encircled energy curve, horizontal ordinate for surrounding frame to picture point centroid distance, maximal value capture elemental size half, namely 10 μm, ordinate within the scope of single pixel dimension the diffraction energy percentage concentrated.Visible, weak CO
2the diffraction energy concentration degree of wave band long wavelength threshold (1.621 μm) different visual field within the scope of single detector is higher than 80%.
See accompanying drawing 9, it is the weak CO of the optical system described in the present embodiment
2the optical transfer function curve of wave band long wavelength threshold (1.621 μm), horizontal ordinate is spatial frequency, and ordinate is optical transfer function value.Visible, at detector nyquist frequency 25p/mm place, the transfer function values of optical system is higher than 0.68.
Claims (3)
1. an Atmospheric CO
2the optical system of Hyper spectral Imaging spectrometer, described optical system works, in three wave bands, is respectively O
2-A is with 0.758 μm ~ 0.772 μm, weak CO
2wave band 1.591 μm ~ 1.621 μm and strong CO
2wave band 2.044 μm ~ 2.080 μm, the centre wavelength diffracted beam angle of diffraction approximately equal of three wave bands, is characterized in that: optical system comprises a front-end system, a beam splitting system and three focus planardetectors (19,20 and 21); Described front-end system is reflective structure, comprises two unilateral shapes and is quadric catoptron, and along light direction, be followed successively by first catoptron (3) and second catoptron (5), the vertex curvature radius of two panels catoptron is followed successively by R
1and R
2, during relative to the normalization of front-end system focal length, satisfy condition 3.0≤R
1≤ 3.5,3.0≤R
2≤ 3.5; Described beam splitting system comprises entrance slit (7), colimated light system, ladder submergence diffraction grating (14), imaging system and two groups of dichroism spectroscopes (15 in one piece, 16 and 17), along light direction, be followed successively by the first catoptron (11) of beam splitting system, second catoptron (12) and the 3rd catoptron (13), colimated light system and imaging system share three catoptrons (11,12 and 13), the face type of three catoptrons is followed successively by four aspheric surfaces, sphere and quadric surfaces, and the vertex curvature radius of three catoptrons is followed successively by R
3, R
4and R
5, during relative to imaging system or the normalization of colimated light system focal length, satisfy condition-1≤R
3≤-0.95 ,-0.65≤R
4≤-0.6 ,-2≤R
5≤-1.95; Middle ladder submergence diffraction grating (14) works in Li Teluo condition, and the order of diffraction time that three service bands use respectively is 38 grades, 18 grades and 14 grades; Two groups of described dichroism spectroscopes comprise two pieces of dichroism spectroscopes (15 and 16) and one flat plate glass (17), between the first catoptron (11) being placed in image planes and beam splitting system; Three described focus planardetectors (19,20 and 21) are placed in the image planes place of three service bands respectively.
2. Atmospheric CO according to claim 1
2the optical system of Hyper spectral Imaging spectrometer, it is characterized in that: in described front-end system, first piece of catoptron (3) and second piece of catoptron (5) common optical axis, aperture diaphragm (4) is placed in the object space focal plane place of second catoptron (5), meets the image space heart far away.
3. Atmospheric CO according to claim 1
2the optical system of Hyper spectral Imaging spectrometer, is characterized in that: three catoptron (11,12 and 13) common optical axis of beam splitting system.
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| CN108426846A (en) * | 2018-06-14 | 2018-08-21 | 苏州大学 | A kind of wide covering high-resolution greenhouse gases imaging spectrometer and its application |
| CN108896483A (en) * | 2018-07-09 | 2018-11-27 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | A kind of spectrum investigating system |
| CN109579991A (en) * | 2018-10-30 | 2019-04-05 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of super-resolution polarization spectrum imaging device based on special-shaped immersion grating |
| CN111208080A (en) * | 2020-01-09 | 2020-05-29 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Large-view-field high-resolution ultraviolet imaging spectrometer optical system for earth observation |
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| EP2573529A1 (en) * | 2011-09-26 | 2013-03-27 | Raytheon Company | Integrated 3-channel gas detection and measurement spectrometer |
| WO2014031216A1 (en) * | 2012-08-24 | 2014-02-27 | Raytheon Company | Polarimetric calibration of a remote sensor |
| CN104237154A (en) * | 2014-08-29 | 2014-12-24 | 浙江省计量科学研究院 | Device for detecting methane and carbon dioxide in atmospheric greenhouse gas based on photoacoustic spectrum technology |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108426846A (en) * | 2018-06-14 | 2018-08-21 | 苏州大学 | A kind of wide covering high-resolution greenhouse gases imaging spectrometer and its application |
| CN108896483A (en) * | 2018-07-09 | 2018-11-27 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | A kind of spectrum investigating system |
| CN109579991A (en) * | 2018-10-30 | 2019-04-05 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of super-resolution polarization spectrum imaging device based on special-shaped immersion grating |
| CN109579991B (en) * | 2018-10-30 | 2020-08-18 | 西安交通大学 | Super-resolution polarization spectrum imaging device based on special-shaped immersion grating |
| CN111208080A (en) * | 2020-01-09 | 2020-05-29 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Large-view-field high-resolution ultraviolet imaging spectrometer optical system for earth observation |
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