CN108426846A - A kind of wide covering high-resolution greenhouse gases imaging spectrometer and its application - Google Patents

A kind of wide covering high-resolution greenhouse gases imaging spectrometer and its application Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108426846A
CN108426846A CN201810615477.9A CN201810615477A CN108426846A CN 108426846 A CN108426846 A CN 108426846A CN 201810615477 A CN201810615477 A CN 201810615477A CN 108426846 A CN108426846 A CN 108426846A
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China
Prior art keywords
camera lens
resolution
mirror
greenhouse gases
collimation
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CN201810615477.9A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
潘俏
陈新华
赵知诚
沈为民
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Suzhou University
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Suzhou University
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/25Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
    • G01N21/31Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of wide covering high-resolution greenhouse gases imaging spectrometer and its applications.The optical system of spectrometer includes reflective preposition telephotolens and collimation camera lens and the independent spectroscopic imaging device of multichannel.Multiple spectrum channels share preposition telephotolens and collimation camera lens, without considering that spacial alignment problem, structure are three mirror structures;Light-dividing device shelved using nearly Littrow, the structure of prism+prism grating+prism, is divided by reflective immersion grating, and prism wedge assists dispersion and correction to distort;Imaging device uses transmission hereby ten thousand structure.Spectrometer provided by the invention has the advantages that wide covering, low distortion, object lens of large relative aperture, high transmittance, high-resolution, can be used for the high-precision quantitative simultaneously to four kinds of different types of greenhouse gas concentrations and detects.

Description

A kind of wide covering high-resolution greenhouse gases imaging spectrometer and its application
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of imaging spectrometers, more particularly to a kind of to be suitable for high-precision remote sensing atmospheric greenhouse gas The imaging spectrometer of concentration and its application have wide covering, low distortion, object lens of large relative aperture, high-resolution, high spectral resolution Feature.
Background technology
In recent years, atmospheric environment problem is outstanding day by day, and climate change effect gradually aggravates, and has become the heat of global concern Point.CO in air2And CH4It is maximum to the contribution of Radiative Forcing, it is the main greenhouse gases for leading to global warming.Therefore, it reduces The discharge of these gases is known as 21 century most great one of environment challenge.By intensive time and spatial sampling, using defending Star measures the distribution of global atmosphere greenhouse gas concentration, can deepen the understanding to natural and artificial surface Carbon flux.Mesh Before, have the U.S., Europe, Japan, China of larger impact power and Research Ability etc. in the world and is all used in positive research and development and development In the equipment that global warming gas changes in distribution is monitored and analyzed.
The TANSAT satellites that the OCO/OCO-2 satellites and China that the U.S. develops are developed demonstrate plane grating atmospheric sounding two The possibility of concentration of carbon is aoxidized, and spatially realizes application, but the distortion for being limited to grating is big, diffraction efficiency is low, is only capable of The deficiencies of detecting TM polarization state information, both greenhouse gases spectrometer overall energy efficiencies are low, covered ground is small.Japan Greenhouse gases survey meter TANSO-FTS on GOSAT satellites uses Fourier transformation interference type spectral instrument, equally realizes air The detected with high accuracy of greenhouse gases, but its ground sampled point is isolated area, it is difficult to obtain the continuous CO2 concentration informations in space. Therefore, wide covering, high imaging performance, high transmittance, high-resolution, high-precision greenhouse gases imaging spectrometer are developed with strong Strong application demand and foreground.
Invention content
The present invention in view of the deficienciess of the prior art, provide it is a kind of being used for remote sensing, there is high imaging performance, low abnormal Change, wide covering, high transmittance, the greenhouse gases imaging spectrometer of high-resolution characteristic and its application.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is to provide a kind of wide covering high-resolution greenhouse Gas imaging spectrometer, its optical system include preposition telephotolens, collimate camera lens and four spectroscopic imaging devices, system F number value ranges are 1.2~1.8;By light incident direction, light via hole diameter diaphragm enters preposition telephotolens, images in narrow At seam, collimated camera lens collimation is collimated light beam, is divided into four different detecting bands by dichroism color separation film, respectively enters Light splitting dispersion is carried out in four spectroscopic imaging devices, then imaged microscope group images on detector;
The preposition telephotolens is the coaxial anorthopia field three-mirror reflective structure for having intermediate real image, be followed successively by primary mirror, secondary mirror and Three mirrors, before aperture diaphragm is located at primary mirror, intermediate real image is between primary mirror and secondary mirror, at secondary mirror;One piece in speculum Or two pieces are aspherical;
The collimation camera lens is the coaxial anorthopia field three-mirror reflective structure for having intermediate real image, is followed successively by collimation camera lens primary mirror, standard Straight camera lens secondary mirror and collimation three mirror of camera lens, intermediate real image is located between collimation camera lens secondary mirror and collimation three mirror of camera lens, close to collimation At camera lens secondary mirror;One piece or two pieces in speculum is aspherical;
The spectroscopic imaging device is that nearly Littrow is shelved, and is followed successively by first wedge angle prism, reflective immersion grating and second Angle of wedge prism.
A kind of wide covering high-resolution greenhouse gases imaging spectrometer provided by the invention, its spectral resolving power are 18000~25000, spatial resolution is 1km~5km, and breadth is 100km~300km.
Reflective immersion grating of the present invention, immersing medium include vitreous silica, glass of high refractive index or silicon;Grating For rectangular-groove grating, diffraction efficiency is 80% or more in service band;The imaging microscope group is transmission-type hereby ten thousand structure, F Several value ranges is 1.2~1.8;The F number value ranges of the preposition telephotolens and collimation camera lens are 1.8~4.
Technical solution of the present invention further includes the application of above-mentioned wide covering high-resolution greenhouse gases imaging spectrometer, according to spy It surveys target and different service bands is set:Oxygen-A (O2- A) 0.7525~0.7675 μm of absorption band, weak carbon dioxide (CO2) inhale 1.595~1.625 μm of take-up, strong carbon dioxide (CO2) 2.04~2.08 μm of absorption band, methane (CH4) absorption band 2.275~ It 2.325 μm, by four independently arranged spectroscopic imaging devices, is used for while detecting four kinds of different types of greenhouse gases.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. wide covering high-resolution greenhouse gases imaging spectrometer of the invention can monitor atmospheric carbon dioxide and methane etc. simultaneously Concentration, ground coverage is wide, relative aperture is big, detection accuracy is high, spatial resolution and spectral resolution are high.
2. imaging spectrometer shares preposition telephotolens and collimation camera lens, without considering spacial alignment problem, and it is all made of Three mirror structures, no color differnece are suitable for broadband.
3. spectroscopic imaging device uses reflective immersion grating, it is aided with angle of wedge prism correction distortion, it can be achieved that low distort, is low Polarization, small size design, meet different application scenarios.
4. each service band uses independent spectroscopic imaging device, wavelength band is narrow, and material dispersion is small, uses same glass It is designed.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the optical system for the wide covering high-resolution greenhouse gases imaging spectrometer that the embodiment of the present invention 1 provides Structural schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram for the reflective rectangular channel immersion grating that the embodiment of the present invention 1 provides;
Fig. 3 is the O that the embodiment of the present invention 1 provides2The reflective rectangular channel immersion grating diffraction efficiency curve of A band;
Fig. 4 is the O that the embodiment of the present invention 1 provides2The Spectral line bend curve graph of A band optical system;
Fig. 5 is the O that the embodiment of the present invention 1 provides2The chromatic variation of distortion curve graph of A band optical system;
In figure:1, aperture diaphragm;2, preposition telephotolens primary mirror;3, preposition telephotolens secondary mirror;4, three mirror of preposition telephotolens; 5, slit;6, camera lens primary mirror is collimated;7, camera lens secondary mirror is collimated;8, three mirror of camera lens is collimated;9, dichroism color separation film;10, it is divided Imaging device systems;11, grating incidence light;12, optical grating diffraction light;13, prism front surface (grating entry/exit penetrates face);14, prism Rear surface (grating face);15, angle of wedge prism/group (1);16, angle of wedge prism/group (2);17, reflective immersion grating;18, it is imaged Microscope group;19, detector.
Specific implementation mode
The embodiment of invention work is further specifically described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Embodiment 1
Technical solution provided in this embodiment is wide covering high-resolution greenhouse gases imaging spectrometer, its service band is oxygen Gas-A (O2- A) 0.7525~0.7675 μm of absorption band, weak carbon dioxide (CO2) 1.595~1.625 μm of absorption band, strong titanium dioxide Carbon (CO2) 2.04~2.08 μm of absorption band, methane (CH4) 2.275~2.325 μm of absorption band.Ground swath width 102km, visual field 7 ° of angle, ground space sample range 3km × 3km, spectral resolving power 19000~23000, preposition telephotolens and collimation camera lens F numbers are 3, and imaging device lens group F numbers are 1.8.Since four service band spectroscopic imaging apparatus structures are similar, the present embodiment with O2It is illustrated for 0.7525~0.7675 μm of optical system of-A absorption bands.
Referring to attached drawing 1, it is the optical system of wide covering high-resolution greenhouse gases imaging spectrometer provided in this embodiment Unite structural schematic diagram, including the primary mirror 2 of aperture diaphragm 1, preposition telephotolens, secondary mirror 3, three mirrors 4, slit 5, the master for collimating camera lens Mirror 6, secondary mirror 7, three mirrors 8, dichroism color separation film 9, spectroscopic imaging apparatus system 10, wherein the work different according to detection target Make wave band, be independently arranged spectroscopic imaging device, the spectroscopic imaging apparatus structure of each wave band is similar, respectively by angle of wedge prism/group (1) 15, angle of wedge prism/group (2) 16, reflective immersion grating 17, imaging lens group 18 and detector 19 form.Spectroscopic imaging device Using 17 dispersion of reflective immersion grating, immersing medium is vitreous silica, and prism wedge/groups 16 and 18 are correcting distortion and auxiliary Help dispersion.Using four-piece type, hereby ten thousand types, F numbers are 1.8, O in imaging lens group structure2The coke of-A absorption bands imaging microscope group used Away from for 145mm, glass material is vitreous silica.
The preposition telephotolens of wide covering high-resolution greenhouse gases imaging spectrometer provided in this embodiment includes aperture Diaphragm 1, preposition telephotolens primary mirror 2, preposition telephotolens secondary mirror 3, three mirror 4 of preposition telephotolens and slit 5 use in structure There is the coaxial anorthopia field three-mirror reflective structure of intermediate real image, intermediate real image is between primary and secondary mirror, close to secondary mirror;Main three mirrors are two A non-spherical reflector, secondary mirror are spherical reflector;The F numbers of preposition telephotolens are 3, focal length 100mm, three reflection vertexes Point radius of curvature is respectively 218mm, 103mm and 180mm, and main three mirrors are ellipsoid, and secondary aspherical coefficient is respectively -0.58 With -0.02.Slit 5 is air slit, is formed using ion beam etching silicon wafer to manufacture, long 13mm, wide 45 μm ± 1 μm, and direction is hung down Straight paper.
The light path of wide covering high-resolution greenhouse gases imaging spectrometer collimation camera lens provided in this embodiment, by slit 5, Camera lens primary mirror 6, collimation camera lens secondary mirror 7 and collimation three mirror 8 of camera lens composition are collimated, the coaxial anorthopia for having intermediate real image is used in structure Field three-mirror reflective structure, intermediate real image are located between time three mirrors, close to secondary mirror;Main three mirrors are two non-spherical reflectors, secondary mirror For spherical reflector;Collimate camera lens F numbers be 3, focal length 250mm, three speculum vertex curvature radius be respectively 262mm, 184.5mm and 502mm, main three mirrors are ellipsoid, and secondary aspherical coefficient is respectively -0.03 and -0.70.
Referring to attached drawing 2, it is the reflective of wide covering high-resolution greenhouse gases imaging spectrometer provided in this embodiment Rectangular channel quartz immersion grating schematic diagram, grating incidence light 11 and optical grating diffraction light 12 share prism front surface, and (grating entry/exit is penetrated Face) 13, and diffraction reflection occurs in prism rear surface (grating face) 14.Grating flute profile is rectangular channel, and immersing medium is melting Quartz, electroplate film.
Referring to attached drawing 3, it is the O of wide covering high-resolution greenhouse gases imaging spectrometer provided in this embodiment2- A waves Section immersion grating diffraction efficiency curve figure, as seen from the figure, diffraction efficiency average value is higher than 85%, TE and the absolute polarization value of TM moulds Less than 10%.
It is wide covering high-resolution greenhouse gases imaging spectrometer provided in this embodiment respectively referring to attached Figure 4 and 5 O2The Spectral line bend curve graph and chromatic variation of distortion curve graph of A band optical system, abscissa are normalization visual field coordinate, ordinate It indicates amount of distortion, is found out by figure, spectrometer system Spectral line bend is about 4.3 μm, and chromatic variation of distortion is about 9.1 μm.
By spectrometer optical system provided in this embodiment, can different service bands be set according to detection target:Oxygen- A(O2- A) 0.7525~0.7675 μm of absorption band, weak carbon dioxide (CO2) 1.595~1.625 μm of absorption band, strong carbon dioxide (CO2) 2.04~2.08 μm of absorption band, methane (CH4) 2.275~2.325 μm of absorption band, it independently arranged is divided by four As device, it is used for while detects four kinds of different types of greenhouse gases.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of wide covering high-resolution greenhouse gases imaging spectrometer, it is characterised in that:Its optical system includes preposition prestige The F number value ranges of remote object lens, collimation camera lens and four spectroscopic imaging devices, system are 1.2~1.8;By light incident direction, Light via hole diameter diaphragm(1)Into preposition telephotolens, slit is imaged in(5)Place, collimated camera lens collimation is collimated light beam, by Dichroism color separation film(9)It is divided into four different detecting bands, respectively enters in four spectroscopic imaging devices and carry out light splitting color It dissipates, then imaged microscope group(18)Image in detector(19)On;
The preposition telephotolens is the coaxial anorthopia field three-mirror reflective structure for having intermediate real image, is followed successively by primary mirror(2), secondary mirror (3)With three mirrors(4), aperture diaphragm(1)Positioned at primary mirror(2)Before, intermediate real image is located at primary mirror(2)And secondary mirror(3)Between, close to secondary Mirror(3)Place;One piece or two pieces in speculum is aspherical;
The collimation camera lens is the coaxial anorthopia field three-mirror reflective structure for having intermediate real image, is followed successively by collimation camera lens primary mirror(6)、 Collimate camera lens secondary mirror(7)With collimation three mirror of camera lens(8), intermediate real image, which is located at, collimates camera lens secondary mirror(7)With collimation three mirror of camera lens(8) Between, close to collimation camera lens secondary mirror(7)Place;One piece or two pieces in speculum is aspherical;
The spectroscopic imaging device is that nearly Littrow is shelved, and is followed successively by first wedge angle prism(15), reflective immersion grating (17)With the second angle of wedge prism(16).
2. a kind of wide covering high-resolution greenhouse gases imaging spectrometer according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:It Spectral resolving power is 18000~25000, and spatial resolution is 1km~5km, and breadth is 100km~300km.
3. a kind of wide covering high-resolution greenhouse gases imaging spectrometer according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:It is described Reflective immersion grating, immersing medium includes vitreous silica, glass of high refractive index or silicon;Grating is rectangular-groove grating, in work It is 80% or more to make diffraction efficiency in wave band.
4. a kind of wide covering high-resolution greenhouse gases imaging spectrometer according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:It is described Imaging microscope group be transmission-type hereby ten thousand structure, the value range of F numbers is 1.2~1.8.
5. a kind of wide covering high-resolution greenhouse gases imaging spectrometer according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:It is described The F number value ranges of preposition telephotolens and collimation camera lens are 1.8~4.
6. a kind of application of wide covering high-resolution greenhouse gases imaging spectrometer as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: According to detection target, different service bands is set:Oxygen-A (O2- A) 0.7525~0.7675 μm of absorption band, weak carbon dioxide (CO2) 1.595~1.625 μm of absorption band, strong carbon dioxide (CO2) 2.04~2.08 μm of absorption band, methane (CH4) absorption band It 2.275~2.325 μm, by four independently arranged spectroscopic imaging devices, is used for while detecting four kinds of different types of greenhouses Gas.
CN201810615477.9A 2018-06-14 2018-06-14 A kind of wide covering high-resolution greenhouse gases imaging spectrometer and its application Pending CN108426846A (en)

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