CN108426846A - A kind of wide covering high-resolution greenhouse gases imaging spectrometer and its application - Google Patents
A kind of wide covering high-resolution greenhouse gases imaging spectrometer and its application Download PDFInfo
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- CN108426846A CN108426846A CN201810615477.9A CN201810615477A CN108426846A CN 108426846 A CN108426846 A CN 108426846A CN 201810615477 A CN201810615477 A CN 201810615477A CN 108426846 A CN108426846 A CN 108426846A
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- camera lens
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- mirror
- greenhouse gases
- collimation
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- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000000701 chemical imaging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004304 visual acuity Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 3
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 2
- GCNLQHANGFOQKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C+4].[O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4] Chemical compound [C+4].[O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4] GCNLQHANGFOQKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010884 ion-beam technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010606 normalization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of wide covering high-resolution greenhouse gases imaging spectrometer and its applications.The optical system of spectrometer includes reflective preposition telephotolens and collimation camera lens and the independent spectroscopic imaging device of multichannel.Multiple spectrum channels share preposition telephotolens and collimation camera lens, without considering that spacial alignment problem, structure are three mirror structures;Light-dividing device shelved using nearly Littrow, the structure of prism+prism grating+prism, is divided by reflective immersion grating, and prism wedge assists dispersion and correction to distort;Imaging device uses transmission hereby ten thousand structure.Spectrometer provided by the invention has the advantages that wide covering, low distortion, object lens of large relative aperture, high transmittance, high-resolution, can be used for the high-precision quantitative simultaneously to four kinds of different types of greenhouse gas concentrations and detects.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of imaging spectrometers, more particularly to a kind of to be suitable for high-precision remote sensing atmospheric greenhouse gas
The imaging spectrometer of concentration and its application have wide covering, low distortion, object lens of large relative aperture, high-resolution, high spectral resolution
Feature.
Background technology
In recent years, atmospheric environment problem is outstanding day by day, and climate change effect gradually aggravates, and has become the heat of global concern
Point.CO in air2And CH4It is maximum to the contribution of Radiative Forcing, it is the main greenhouse gases for leading to global warming.Therefore, it reduces
The discharge of these gases is known as 21 century most great one of environment challenge.By intensive time and spatial sampling, using defending
Star measures the distribution of global atmosphere greenhouse gas concentration, can deepen the understanding to natural and artificial surface Carbon flux.Mesh
Before, have the U.S., Europe, Japan, China of larger impact power and Research Ability etc. in the world and is all used in positive research and development and development
In the equipment that global warming gas changes in distribution is monitored and analyzed.
The TANSAT satellites that the OCO/OCO-2 satellites and China that the U.S. develops are developed demonstrate plane grating atmospheric sounding two
The possibility of concentration of carbon is aoxidized, and spatially realizes application, but the distortion for being limited to grating is big, diffraction efficiency is low, is only capable of
The deficiencies of detecting TM polarization state information, both greenhouse gases spectrometer overall energy efficiencies are low, covered ground is small.Japan
Greenhouse gases survey meter TANSO-FTS on GOSAT satellites uses Fourier transformation interference type spectral instrument, equally realizes air
The detected with high accuracy of greenhouse gases, but its ground sampled point is isolated area, it is difficult to obtain the continuous CO2 concentration informations in space.
Therefore, wide covering, high imaging performance, high transmittance, high-resolution, high-precision greenhouse gases imaging spectrometer are developed with strong
Strong application demand and foreground.
Invention content
The present invention in view of the deficienciess of the prior art, provide it is a kind of being used for remote sensing, there is high imaging performance, low abnormal
Change, wide covering, high transmittance, the greenhouse gases imaging spectrometer of high-resolution characteristic and its application.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is to provide a kind of wide covering high-resolution greenhouse
Gas imaging spectrometer, its optical system include preposition telephotolens, collimate camera lens and four spectroscopic imaging devices, system
F number value ranges are 1.2~1.8;By light incident direction, light via hole diameter diaphragm enters preposition telephotolens, images in narrow
At seam, collimated camera lens collimation is collimated light beam, is divided into four different detecting bands by dichroism color separation film, respectively enters
Light splitting dispersion is carried out in four spectroscopic imaging devices, then imaged microscope group images on detector;
The preposition telephotolens is the coaxial anorthopia field three-mirror reflective structure for having intermediate real image, be followed successively by primary mirror, secondary mirror and
Three mirrors, before aperture diaphragm is located at primary mirror, intermediate real image is between primary mirror and secondary mirror, at secondary mirror;One piece in speculum
Or two pieces are aspherical;
The collimation camera lens is the coaxial anorthopia field three-mirror reflective structure for having intermediate real image, is followed successively by collimation camera lens primary mirror, standard
Straight camera lens secondary mirror and collimation three mirror of camera lens, intermediate real image is located between collimation camera lens secondary mirror and collimation three mirror of camera lens, close to collimation
At camera lens secondary mirror;One piece or two pieces in speculum is aspherical;
The spectroscopic imaging device is that nearly Littrow is shelved, and is followed successively by first wedge angle prism, reflective immersion grating and second
Angle of wedge prism.
A kind of wide covering high-resolution greenhouse gases imaging spectrometer provided by the invention, its spectral resolving power are
18000~25000, spatial resolution is 1km~5km, and breadth is 100km~300km.
Reflective immersion grating of the present invention, immersing medium include vitreous silica, glass of high refractive index or silicon;Grating
For rectangular-groove grating, diffraction efficiency is 80% or more in service band;The imaging microscope group is transmission-type hereby ten thousand structure, F
Several value ranges is 1.2~1.8;The F number value ranges of the preposition telephotolens and collimation camera lens are 1.8~4.
Technical solution of the present invention further includes the application of above-mentioned wide covering high-resolution greenhouse gases imaging spectrometer, according to spy
It surveys target and different service bands is set:Oxygen-A (O2- A) 0.7525~0.7675 μm of absorption band, weak carbon dioxide (CO2) inhale
1.595~1.625 μm of take-up, strong carbon dioxide (CO2) 2.04~2.08 μm of absorption band, methane (CH4) absorption band 2.275~
It 2.325 μm, by four independently arranged spectroscopic imaging devices, is used for while detecting four kinds of different types of greenhouse gases.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. wide covering high-resolution greenhouse gases imaging spectrometer of the invention can monitor atmospheric carbon dioxide and methane etc. simultaneously
Concentration, ground coverage is wide, relative aperture is big, detection accuracy is high, spatial resolution and spectral resolution are high.
2. imaging spectrometer shares preposition telephotolens and collimation camera lens, without considering spacial alignment problem, and it is all made of
Three mirror structures, no color differnece are suitable for broadband.
3. spectroscopic imaging device uses reflective immersion grating, it is aided with angle of wedge prism correction distortion, it can be achieved that low distort, is low
Polarization, small size design, meet different application scenarios.
4. each service band uses independent spectroscopic imaging device, wavelength band is narrow, and material dispersion is small, uses same glass
It is designed.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the optical system for the wide covering high-resolution greenhouse gases imaging spectrometer that the embodiment of the present invention 1 provides
Structural schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram for the reflective rectangular channel immersion grating that the embodiment of the present invention 1 provides;
Fig. 3 is the O that the embodiment of the present invention 1 provides2The reflective rectangular channel immersion grating diffraction efficiency curve of A band;
Fig. 4 is the O that the embodiment of the present invention 1 provides2The Spectral line bend curve graph of A band optical system;
Fig. 5 is the O that the embodiment of the present invention 1 provides2The chromatic variation of distortion curve graph of A band optical system;
In figure:1, aperture diaphragm;2, preposition telephotolens primary mirror;3, preposition telephotolens secondary mirror;4, three mirror of preposition telephotolens;
5, slit;6, camera lens primary mirror is collimated;7, camera lens secondary mirror is collimated;8, three mirror of camera lens is collimated;9, dichroism color separation film;10, it is divided
Imaging device systems;11, grating incidence light;12, optical grating diffraction light;13, prism front surface (grating entry/exit penetrates face);14, prism
Rear surface (grating face);15, angle of wedge prism/group (1);16, angle of wedge prism/group (2);17, reflective immersion grating;18, it is imaged
Microscope group;19, detector.
Specific implementation mode
The embodiment of invention work is further specifically described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Embodiment 1
Technical solution provided in this embodiment is wide covering high-resolution greenhouse gases imaging spectrometer, its service band is oxygen
Gas-A (O2- A) 0.7525~0.7675 μm of absorption band, weak carbon dioxide (CO2) 1.595~1.625 μm of absorption band, strong titanium dioxide
Carbon (CO2) 2.04~2.08 μm of absorption band, methane (CH4) 2.275~2.325 μm of absorption band.Ground swath width 102km, visual field
7 ° of angle, ground space sample range 3km × 3km, spectral resolving power 19000~23000, preposition telephotolens and collimation camera lens
F numbers are 3, and imaging device lens group F numbers are 1.8.Since four service band spectroscopic imaging apparatus structures are similar, the present embodiment with
O2It is illustrated for 0.7525~0.7675 μm of optical system of-A absorption bands.
Referring to attached drawing 1, it is the optical system of wide covering high-resolution greenhouse gases imaging spectrometer provided in this embodiment
Unite structural schematic diagram, including the primary mirror 2 of aperture diaphragm 1, preposition telephotolens, secondary mirror 3, three mirrors 4, slit 5, the master for collimating camera lens
Mirror 6, secondary mirror 7, three mirrors 8, dichroism color separation film 9, spectroscopic imaging apparatus system 10, wherein the work different according to detection target
Make wave band, be independently arranged spectroscopic imaging device, the spectroscopic imaging apparatus structure of each wave band is similar, respectively by angle of wedge prism/group (1)
15, angle of wedge prism/group (2) 16, reflective immersion grating 17, imaging lens group 18 and detector 19 form.Spectroscopic imaging device
Using 17 dispersion of reflective immersion grating, immersing medium is vitreous silica, and prism wedge/groups 16 and 18 are correcting distortion and auxiliary
Help dispersion.Using four-piece type, hereby ten thousand types, F numbers are 1.8, O in imaging lens group structure2The coke of-A absorption bands imaging microscope group used
Away from for 145mm, glass material is vitreous silica.
The preposition telephotolens of wide covering high-resolution greenhouse gases imaging spectrometer provided in this embodiment includes aperture
Diaphragm 1, preposition telephotolens primary mirror 2, preposition telephotolens secondary mirror 3, three mirror 4 of preposition telephotolens and slit 5 use in structure
There is the coaxial anorthopia field three-mirror reflective structure of intermediate real image, intermediate real image is between primary and secondary mirror, close to secondary mirror;Main three mirrors are two
A non-spherical reflector, secondary mirror are spherical reflector;The F numbers of preposition telephotolens are 3, focal length 100mm, three reflection vertexes
Point radius of curvature is respectively 218mm, 103mm and 180mm, and main three mirrors are ellipsoid, and secondary aspherical coefficient is respectively -0.58
With -0.02.Slit 5 is air slit, is formed using ion beam etching silicon wafer to manufacture, long 13mm, wide 45 μm ± 1 μm, and direction is hung down
Straight paper.
The light path of wide covering high-resolution greenhouse gases imaging spectrometer collimation camera lens provided in this embodiment, by slit 5,
Camera lens primary mirror 6, collimation camera lens secondary mirror 7 and collimation three mirror 8 of camera lens composition are collimated, the coaxial anorthopia for having intermediate real image is used in structure
Field three-mirror reflective structure, intermediate real image are located between time three mirrors, close to secondary mirror;Main three mirrors are two non-spherical reflectors, secondary mirror
For spherical reflector;Collimate camera lens F numbers be 3, focal length 250mm, three speculum vertex curvature radius be respectively 262mm,
184.5mm and 502mm, main three mirrors are ellipsoid, and secondary aspherical coefficient is respectively -0.03 and -0.70.
Referring to attached drawing 2, it is the reflective of wide covering high-resolution greenhouse gases imaging spectrometer provided in this embodiment
Rectangular channel quartz immersion grating schematic diagram, grating incidence light 11 and optical grating diffraction light 12 share prism front surface, and (grating entry/exit is penetrated
Face) 13, and diffraction reflection occurs in prism rear surface (grating face) 14.Grating flute profile is rectangular channel, and immersing medium is melting
Quartz, electroplate film.
Referring to attached drawing 3, it is the O of wide covering high-resolution greenhouse gases imaging spectrometer provided in this embodiment2- A waves
Section immersion grating diffraction efficiency curve figure, as seen from the figure, diffraction efficiency average value is higher than 85%, TE and the absolute polarization value of TM moulds
Less than 10%.
It is wide covering high-resolution greenhouse gases imaging spectrometer provided in this embodiment respectively referring to attached Figure 4 and 5
O2The Spectral line bend curve graph and chromatic variation of distortion curve graph of A band optical system, abscissa are normalization visual field coordinate, ordinate
It indicates amount of distortion, is found out by figure, spectrometer system Spectral line bend is about 4.3 μm, and chromatic variation of distortion is about 9.1 μm.
By spectrometer optical system provided in this embodiment, can different service bands be set according to detection target:Oxygen-
A(O2- A) 0.7525~0.7675 μm of absorption band, weak carbon dioxide (CO2) 1.595~1.625 μm of absorption band, strong carbon dioxide
(CO2) 2.04~2.08 μm of absorption band, methane (CH4) 2.275~2.325 μm of absorption band, it independently arranged is divided by four
As device, it is used for while detects four kinds of different types of greenhouse gases.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of wide covering high-resolution greenhouse gases imaging spectrometer, it is characterised in that:Its optical system includes preposition prestige
The F number value ranges of remote object lens, collimation camera lens and four spectroscopic imaging devices, system are 1.2~1.8;By light incident direction,
Light via hole diameter diaphragm(1)Into preposition telephotolens, slit is imaged in(5)Place, collimated camera lens collimation is collimated light beam, by
Dichroism color separation film(9)It is divided into four different detecting bands, respectively enters in four spectroscopic imaging devices and carry out light splitting color
It dissipates, then imaged microscope group(18)Image in detector(19)On;
The preposition telephotolens is the coaxial anorthopia field three-mirror reflective structure for having intermediate real image, is followed successively by primary mirror(2), secondary mirror
(3)With three mirrors(4), aperture diaphragm(1)Positioned at primary mirror(2)Before, intermediate real image is located at primary mirror(2)And secondary mirror(3)Between, close to secondary
Mirror(3)Place;One piece or two pieces in speculum is aspherical;
The collimation camera lens is the coaxial anorthopia field three-mirror reflective structure for having intermediate real image, is followed successively by collimation camera lens primary mirror(6)、
Collimate camera lens secondary mirror(7)With collimation three mirror of camera lens(8), intermediate real image, which is located at, collimates camera lens secondary mirror(7)With collimation three mirror of camera lens(8)
Between, close to collimation camera lens secondary mirror(7)Place;One piece or two pieces in speculum is aspherical;
The spectroscopic imaging device is that nearly Littrow is shelved, and is followed successively by first wedge angle prism(15), reflective immersion grating
(17)With the second angle of wedge prism(16).
2. a kind of wide covering high-resolution greenhouse gases imaging spectrometer according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:It
Spectral resolving power is 18000~25000, and spatial resolution is 1km~5km, and breadth is 100km~300km.
3. a kind of wide covering high-resolution greenhouse gases imaging spectrometer according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:It is described
Reflective immersion grating, immersing medium includes vitreous silica, glass of high refractive index or silicon;Grating is rectangular-groove grating, in work
It is 80% or more to make diffraction efficiency in wave band.
4. a kind of wide covering high-resolution greenhouse gases imaging spectrometer according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:It is described
Imaging microscope group be transmission-type hereby ten thousand structure, the value range of F numbers is 1.2~1.8.
5. a kind of wide covering high-resolution greenhouse gases imaging spectrometer according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:It is described
The F number value ranges of preposition telephotolens and collimation camera lens are 1.8~4.
6. a kind of application of wide covering high-resolution greenhouse gases imaging spectrometer as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:
According to detection target, different service bands is set:Oxygen-A (O2- A) 0.7525~0.7675 μm of absorption band, weak carbon dioxide
(CO2) 1.595~1.625 μm of absorption band, strong carbon dioxide (CO2) 2.04~2.08 μm of absorption band, methane (CH4) absorption band
It 2.275~2.325 μm, by four independently arranged spectroscopic imaging devices, is used for while detecting four kinds of different types of greenhouses
Gas.
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Cited By (1)
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