CN104554230B - 运用变矩器离合器操作协调再生制动的方法 - Google Patents

运用变矩器离合器操作协调再生制动的方法 Download PDF

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CN104554230B
CN104554230B CN201410543350.2A CN201410543350A CN104554230B CN 104554230 B CN104554230 B CN 104554230B CN 201410543350 A CN201410543350 A CN 201410543350A CN 104554230 B CN104554230 B CN 104554230B
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converter clutch
pump impeller
torque
revolving speed
clutch
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CN104554230A (zh
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王小勇
马克·S·山崎
梁伟
拉吉特·乔瑞
瑞安·A·麦吉
邝明朗
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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    • B60W10/02—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of driveline clutches
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Abstract

一种用于控制车辆再生制动的方法，包括：制动时保持变矩器离合器关闭；当与泵轮连接的发动机正在运行时，如果泵轮转速相对于发动机空转转速达到参考转速差，则打开变矩器离合器；当发动机关闭时，如果泵轮转速达到使与泵轮相连接的变速器油泵产生期望大小的管路压力所需要的转速，则打开变矩器离合器。

Description

运用变矩器离合器操作协调再生制动的方法
技术领域
本发明总体涉及一种通过改变变矩器锁止离合器的扭矩容量来控制混合动力电动车再生制动事件的方法。
背景技术
混合动力电动车中的燃料经济效益主要是由其实行再生制动的能力产生的。在混合动力系统中，电机通过变矩器和传动装置与车轮耦合。如果变矩器离合器滑动，则变矩器通过液压路径与机械路径相结合来传递扭矩。如果变矩器离合器完全打开，则扭矩仅能通过液压路径来传递。如果变矩器离合器完全锁定，则扭矩仅能通过机械路径来传递。
在再生制动过程中，扭矩由车轮被传递至电机。如果离合器是打开的，则变矩器反向传递扭矩的能力是十分有限的。任何过多的再生扭矩都会减小电机转速。因此，为了运用再生制动回收最多的动能，变矩器离合器应该在车辆减速时保持锁定状态。
然而，变矩器离合器由于各种各样的原因必须打开。当泵轮转速低时，离合器必须打开以便使发动机不会停止。当离合器打开时，液压路径作为耦合器来将扭矩平稳地传递给车轮。
发明内容
一种用于控制混合动力车辆中的再生制动的方法，包括：制动时保持变矩器离合器闭合；当与泵轮连接的发动机正在运行时，如果泵轮转速相对于发动机空转转速达到参考转速差，则打开变矩器离合器；当发动机关闭时，如果泵轮转速达到使与泵轮相连接的变速器油泵产生期望大小的管路压力所需要的转速，则打开变矩器离合器。
再生制动扭矩融合(blended-out)与变矩器离合器控制相配合，这样在再生制动事件中车辆动能的回收便可以最大化。
该方法通过对燃料经济性改善与驾驶性能属性二者之间的平衡进行仲裁，从而协调变矩器离合器操作和再生制动。
优选实施例的适用范围通过以下具体实施方式、权利要求以及附图会变得显而易见。需要了解的是，说明和具体实例虽然显示了发明的较佳实施方案，但其仅以例示方式给出。所述实施例的各类变动和修订将对所属领域的技术人员来说变得显而易见。
附图说明
通过参照以下描述并结合附图，本发明将会更容易理解，其中：
图1是用于机动车辆的模块化混合动力系统的示意图；
图2为表示各种动力系统参数在再生制动事件中的变化的曲线图；
图3是用于协调变矩器离合器操作和再生制动的算法；以及
图4是用于协调变矩器离合器操作和拥有e-pump(电动泵)的动力系统的再生制动的替代算法。
具体实施方式
首先参考图1，并联混合动力系统10包含内燃发动机12，发动机分离离合器14，电机或电动机/发电机16，变速箱液压泵18，变矩器20，变矩器锁止离合器22，传动装置24，最终传动装置26，轴28、29以及从动轮30。由低电压电池34供电的低电压启动器32在启动发动机12和进行持续燃烧时曲柄启动发动机。高电压电池36为电动机/发电机16提供电力。
变矩器20为液压耦合器，其在泵轮(impeller)与涡轮之间产生液动力驱动连接，其中泵轮当离合器14闭合时驱动地与发动机12相连接，而涡轮驱动地与从动轮30相连接。
变矩器锁止离合器22交替地打开和闭合变矩器涡轮与轴38之间的驱动连接。
装备有该动力系统10的车辆能够产生电驱动和混合电驱动，并且不仅能够通过再生制动给电池36充电，即将在制动事件过程中的车辆动能回收并转化为可以保存在电池36中的电能，还能运用发动机为电池36充电。
混合动力电动车中的燃料经济效益主要是由其实行再生制动的能力产生的。在动力系统10中，电动机16通过变矩器20、传动装置24以及最终传动装置26与车轮耦合。如果变矩器离合器22滑动，则变矩器20通过液压路径与机械路径相结合来传递扭矩。如果变矩器离合器22完全打开，则扭矩仅能通过液压路径来传递。如果变矩器离合器22完全锁定，则扭矩仅能通过机械路径来传递。
在再生制动过程中，扭矩由车轮30被传递至电机16。如果离合器22是打开的，则变矩器反向传递扭矩的能力是十分有限的。任何过多的再生扭矩都会减小电机转速。因此，为了运用再生制动回收最多的动能，变矩器离合器22应该在车辆减速时保持锁定状态。
然而，变矩器离合器22由于各种各样的原因必须打开。当泵轮转速低时，离合器22必须打开以便使发动机12不会停止。当离合器22打开时，液压路径作为耦合器来将扭矩平稳地传递给车轮30。
所述控制策略协调车辆制动事件过程中变矩器离合器22与电机16的操作，无论发动机12是正在运行还是停止状态。如果发动机12正在运行，其曲轴与电机16相连接；因此，变矩器的泵轮转速不可下降至低于发动机空转转速。如果发动机12为停止状态，电机16可以以低于额定发动机空转转速的转速运行。如果变速器的液压系统的管路压力由机械油泵18来提供，则泵轮转速的最小值应该由此情况下油泵应该产生的最小压力来决定。
如图2所示，在变矩器离合器22在42打开前，再生制动扭矩沿斜坡40减小。在图2中，变矩器离合器在64闭合并在66打开，且当车辆速度62在再生制动过程中减小时电机16的转速68发生变化。
图3所示的算法44控制并协调变矩器离合器操作和再生制动。在步骤46，执行测试以确定当前是否正在发生车轮制动。如果测试46的结果为逻辑否，则控制返回步骤46。
如果测试46的结果为逻辑是，则再生制动于步骤48开始。
在步骤50，执行测试以确定变矩器20的泵轮转速是否接近发动机空转转速，即在发动机空转转速的大约50rpm至100rpm的范围内。该范围可校正，即可以被调整以适用于个别车辆以及个别车辆部件及应用。该转速范围避免延迟，并避开由系统中噪声因素导致的泵轮转速与发动机空转转速不完全匹配的风险。过大的转速范围会引起明显的干扰。
如果测试50的结果为否，则控制返回步骤48。
如果测试50的结果为正确，则在步骤52执行测试以确定发动机12是否正在运行。如果测试52的结果为否，在步骤54继续再生制动。
在步骤56执行测试以确定泵轮转速是否接近使油泵18产生所需大小的变速器液压系统管路压力所需要的最小转速，即根据变速器以及其组件在大约250rpm至350rpm的范围内。该范围可校正，即可以被调整以适用于个别车辆以及个别车辆部件及应用。泵轮转速不应低于期望管路压力所需的最小转速。
如果测试56的结果为否，则控制返回步骤54。
如果测试56的结果为是，则在步骤58再生制动扭矩沿斜坡40被融合，且变矩器离合器22于42打开。
算法44的执行结束于步骤60。
如果发动机正在运行，变矩器离合器22将计划于42被打开，考虑到驾驶性能，此时为泵轮转速高于发动机空转转速时的车辆最小可能速度62。如果发动机在制动事件过程中停止，变矩器离合器22的打开将被延迟，直至泵轮转速刚好高于足够为变速器提供液压管路压力的最小转速，通常约为400rpm。
动力系统10可以包含辅助油泵，即由电动机驱动的液压泵，有时也被称为e-pump，该辅助油泵可替代图1中的变速器油泵18。当车辆停下来时，e-pump被打开，用于保持变速器的管路压力，且变矩器离合器22保持闭合。
图4显示了控制e-pump的算法70。在步骤72，执行测试以确定当前是否发生车轮制动。如果测试72结果为否，则控制返回步骤72。
如果测试72的结果为是，则再生制动于步骤74开始。
在步骤76，执行测试以确定变矩器20的泵轮转速是否接近发动机空转转速，即在发动机空转转速的大约50rpm至100rpm的范围内。该范围可校正，即可以被调整以适用于个别车辆以及个别车辆部件及应用。该转速范围避免延迟，并避开由系统中噪声因素导致的泵轮转速与发动机空转转速不完全匹配的风险。过大的转速范围会引起明显的干扰。
如果测试76的结果为否，则控制返回步骤74。
如果测试76的结果为是，则在步骤78执行测试以确定发动机12是否正在运行。如果测试78的结果为否，在步骤80继续再生制动。
在步骤82执行测试以确定泵轮转速是否接近使泵18产生所需大小的变速器液压系统管路压力所需要的最小转速，即根据变速器以及其组件在大约250rpm至350rpm的范围内。该范围可校正，即可以被调整以适用于个别车辆以及个别车辆部件及应用。泵轮转速不应低于期望管路压力所需的最小转速。
如果测试82的结果为是，则在步骤84 e-pump被打开，再生制动继续直至车辆于步骤86停止，算法70的执行结束于步骤88。
如果测试78的结果为是，则在步骤90再生制动扭矩沿斜坡40被融合，变矩器离合器22于42打开且算法70的执行结束于步骤88。如果发动机正在运行，变矩器离合器22将计划于42被打开，考虑到驾驶性能，此时为泵轮转速高于发动机空转转速时的车辆最小可能速度62。如果发动机在制动事件过程中停止，变矩器离合器22的打开将被延迟，直至泵轮转速刚好高于足够为变速器提供液压管路压力的最小转速，通常约为400rpm。
按照专利法相关规定，优选方案已经说明。然而，需要注意的是，与具体说明和描述不同的可选方案也可以实施。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于控制车辆再生制动的方法，其特征在于，包括：
(a)在车轮制动时保持变矩器离合器闭合；
(b)当与泵轮连接的发动机正在运行时，如果泵轮转速相对于发动机空转转速达到参考转速差，则打开变矩器离合器；
(c)当发动机关闭时，如果泵轮转速达到使与泵轮相连接的变速器油泵产生期望大小的管路压力所需要的转速，则打开变矩器离合器。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，步骤(b)和(c)各自进一步包括：调整变矩器离合器的扭矩传递能力，以减小在变矩器离合器打开前通过变矩器离合器传递至发电机的再生扭矩的大小。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，步骤(a)进一步包括：在保持变矩器离合器闭合时，允许再生制动扭矩减小。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，步骤(b)进一步包括：如果泵轮转速达到了高于发动机空转转速的参考转速，则打开变矩器离合器。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，步骤(b)进一步包括：如果泵轮转速达到了高于发动机空转转速的参考转速范围，则打开变矩器离合器。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，步骤(c)进一步包括：如果泵轮转速达到了高于使变速器油泵产生期望大小的管路压力所需要的转速的参考转速，则打开变矩器离合器。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，步骤(c)进一步包括：如果泵轮转速达到了高于使变速器油泵产生期望大小的管路压力所需要的转速的参考转速范围，则打开变矩器离合器。
8.一种用于控制车辆再生制动的方法，其特征在于，包括：
(a)在车轮制动时保持变矩器离合器关闭；
(b)当与泵轮连接的发动机正在运行时，如果泵轮转速相对于发动机空转转速达到参考转速差，则打开变矩器离合器；
(c)当发动机关闭时，变矩器离合器保持闭合并继续再生制动，当泵轮转速接近使油泵产生所需大小的变速器液压系统管路压力所需要的最小转速时运行电动泵，再生制动继续直至车辆停止。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，步骤(b)进一步包括：调整变矩器离合器的扭矩传递能力，以减小在变矩器离合器打开前通过变矩器离合器传递至发电机的再生扭矩的大小。
10.根据权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，步骤(a)进一步包括：在保持变矩器离合器闭合时，允许再生制动扭矩减小。
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