CN104550730B - A kind of plaster casting technique - Google Patents
A kind of plaster casting technique Download PDFInfo
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- CN104550730B CN104550730B CN201410644711.2A CN201410644711A CN104550730B CN 104550730 B CN104550730 B CN 104550730B CN 201410644711 A CN201410644711 A CN 201410644711A CN 104550730 B CN104550730 B CN 104550730B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of plaster casting techniques, include the following steps：（1）The preparation of gypsum mould：Including molding, amendment, just reinforce, total reinforcing；（2）Drying and roasting：The gypsum mould shove charge that will be prepared, it is heated to 120 200 DEG C with the speed of 10 20 DEG C/h, then 250 300 DEG C are warming up to the speed of 1 10 DEG C/h, again 350 400 DEG C are warming up to the speed of 15 DEG C/h, 650 700 DEG C finally are warming up to the speed of 2 10 DEG C/h, furnace cooling 20 carries out subsequent processing afterwards for 24 hours；（3）Melting and cast：Smelting furnace is selected according to melt, carries out rapid melting and the heating of metal charge, while casting ladle being kept to dry 300 400 DEG C of temperature, then uses casting ladle by pouring metal melt to step（2）In roasting gypsum mould.The present invention can be reduced cost and be solved the problems, such as that the poor air permeability of gypsum and sand are split using plaster type antiquated sand, using wide.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of pouring forming technology, specifically a kind of plaster casting technique.
Background technology
Gypsum is used as construction material, is constantly arrived using development and application by gypsum in B.C. 25-35 centuries, ancient Egyptian
Between 1920, further development forms production scale to technique, is developed in gold-silver ornaments industry in method, Yi Deng states.Europe
In beautiful, day factory of various countries and workshop, gypsum mould is used widely as a kind of method of Art Casting and is developed so far.
Plaster casting is a kind of special casting processes, refers to that metallic solution is cast to using gypsum as made of base-material
A kind of casting method in casting mold is had and can be easy after cast with casting surface precision height, complex-shaped non-ferrous casting
The advantages that cleaning, is usually used in the mold manufacturing of non-ferrous metal.
Plaster casting has the following problems：Main material in plaster type compound powder is more expensive, and casting cost is high；Tool
Have that gas permeability is low, shrink big, the thick big slow easy shrinkage depression of position heat dissipation is also easy to produce the features such as stomata, pin hole, cold shut, sand are split.These are asked
Topic greatly limits the application range of plaster casting.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is to provide it is a kind of it is at low cost, using wide plaster casting technique.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions：
A kind of plaster casting technique, includes the following steps：
(1) preparation of gypsum mould：Including molding, amendment, just reinforce, total reinforcing；
(2) drying and roasting：The gypsum mould shove charge that will be prepared is heated to 120-200 DEG C with the speed of 10-20 DEG C/h,
Then it is warming up to 250-300 DEG C with the speed of 1-10 DEG C/h, then 350-400 DEG C is warming up to the speed of 1-5 DEG C/h, finally with 2-
The speed of 10 DEG C/h is warming up to 650-700 DEG C, and subsequent processing is carried out after furnace cooling 20-24h；
(3) melting and cast：Smelting furnace is selected according to melt, rapid melting and the heating of metal charge is carried out, keeps simultaneously
Casting ladle dries 300-400 DEG C of temperature, then will be in the roasting gypsum mould of pouring metal melt to step (2) using casting ladle.
As a further solution of the present invention：According to the classification of model, the preparation of the gypsum mould is divided into four kinds of techniques：
1) clay sculpture：Die sinking, amendment, die sinking, goes out wax-pattern, repaiies wax-pattern, Plastering, just reinforces, always adding gypsum submodule processed
Gu, shove charge；
2) design, inserted sheet segmentation：Decompose design, inserted sheet segmentation, Plastering, just reinforcing, demoulding cleaning, assembly molding,
External form pastes wax, inner core processed, Plastering, total reinforcing, shove charge；
3) wooden wax pattern is mixed：Design is decomposed, releasing agent spary, outer Plastering, just reinforces, form removal cleaning, combine patch
Wax, running gate system pour, apply inner core gypsum, total reinforcing, shove charge；
4) large-scale tripod class：Design planning, molded in place, comprehensive examination, plastering external form, just reinforces, is interior at fine mold
Core cleaning, patch wax wall, running gate system are poured, Plastering, are always reinforced, shove charge on the spot.
As a further solution of the present invention：The gypsum mould includes α gypsum 20- according to the raw material of weight percent
45%, 12-40 mesh plaster type antiquated sand 10-50%, alumina cement 10-25%, bauxite 10-20%, 12-40 mesh do not carry out sand 0-
40%, 8-20 mesh quartz sand 0-40%, coal dust 0-5%, starch 0-4%, brown iron oxide 0-2% and calcium oxide 0.1-2%.
As a further solution of the present invention：When the first reinforcing is the Plastering outside every piece of mould, reinforcing bar is put in inside makes stone
Cream dress strikes up partnership, and total reinforce is that after the plaster mold is hard, all plaster molds are dismantled, by the docking of former molding
Mouthful split is integral, and die joint will fit seamless, each gypsum mould module is welded into one using reinforcing bar, until all welding is firm
Gu.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：It is simple for process, it is easy to operate；Good, the gypsum crystallization of duplicating property
While expand, can the small thin portion decorative pattern of filled model and the bumps at the intervals 0.2mm clearly cast out；Gypsum leads temperature
Coefficient is low, and cooling time is 3-6 times longer than sand mold, and highly beneficial to pouring into a mould, being as thin as the wall thickness of 0.5mm can cast out；Collapsibility is good,
Especially beneficial for thin thin Complex Parts, sand removal is convenient not to damage casting again；With short production cycle, bronze statue big 2m or so can integrally be cast
It makes, the time is short；Cost can be reduced using plaster type antiquated sand and solve the problems, such as that the poor air permeability of gypsum and sand are split, using model
It encloses wide.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the first reinforcing schematic diagram of gypsum mould；
Fig. 2 is the reinforcing sectional structure chart of gypsum mould；
Fig. 3 is total reinforcing schematic diagram of gypsum mould；
Fig. 4 is the roaster structural diagram of gypsum mould；
Fig. 5 is the improvement installation drawing of plaster casting；
In figure：1- gas burners, 2- gas pipes, 3- secondary air channels, 4- gasburners, 5, observation panel.
Specific implementation mode
Below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention, technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described,
Obviously, described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based in the present invention
Embodiment, every other embodiment obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts, all
Belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
In the embodiment of the present invention, a kind of plaster casting technique includes the following steps：
(1) preparation of gypsum mould：Including molding, amendment, just reinforce, total reinforcing；
(2) drying and roasting：The gypsum mould shove charge that will be prepared is heated to 120-200 DEG C with the speed of 10-20 DEG C/h,
Then it is warming up to 250-300 DEG C with the speed of 1-10 DEG C/h, then 350-400 DEG C is warming up to the speed of 1-5 DEG C/h, finally with 2-
The speed of 10 DEG C/h is warming up to 650-700 DEG C, and subsequent processing is carried out after furnace cooling 20-24h；
(3) melting and cast：Smelting furnace is selected according to melt, rapid melting and the heating of metal charge is carried out, keeps simultaneously
Casting ladle dries 300-400 DEG C of temperature, then will be in the roasting gypsum mould of pouring metal melt to step (2) using casting ladle.
According to the classification of model, the step (1) is divided into four kinds of techniques：
1) clay sculpture：Die sinking, amendment, die sinking, goes out wax-pattern, repaiies wax-pattern, Plastering, just reinforces, always adding gypsum submodule processed
Gu, shove charge；It is suitble to more than one piece number sculpture, it is specific as follows：A analyzes submodule sculpture：How piecemeal is segmented, which component is independent
Molding pulls line after determining, the component that needs are lifted down, and carries out scribing line cutting and butted line, then carries out molding, by work
Block mould making process is made；B carries out brush wax and fills was moulding, according to the size of sculpture, determines wall thickness with brush wax or patch wax, brushes
When was moulding, inside needs Plastering and timber, convenient for that can be dismantled after wax-pattern assembled formation, then the wax-pattern of piecemeal is combined into one
Block, and by the inner Join of the cere of combination it is secured after, remove former, expose wax-pattern original shape；C with reference to submodule, to wax-pattern into
Row is repaired, mends wax, correction dislocation, deformation, the sculpture component for cutting off independent molding, such as hand, the base part of flower, pocket, group
Welding equipment is connected to sculpture up, becomes a whole wax pattern sculpture, and running gate system is installed in wax pattern and pours, riser, flow wax mouth, work
Skill hole etc., then it is transferred to next procedure；
2) design, inserted sheet segmentation：Decompose design, inserted sheet segmentation, Plastering, just reinforcing, demoulding cleaning, assembly molding,
External form pastes wax, inner core processed, Plastering, total reinforcing, shove charge；It is suitble to single-piece, and with short production cycle, it is specific as follows：A designs segmentation,
Piecemeal, fabrication hole inserted sheet, certain components such as hand and supporting piece, complex region are needed first to turn over gypsum silica gel work mould processed, then in addition be made
Mold forming makes wax-pattern, casts the recombinant welding of copper；The placement of B running gate systems, the running gate system of small-sized casting is mounted on outer
In shape, remaining is generally all mounted in internal model；C applies slurry molding, first spary releasing agent, then Plastering, using reinforcing bar inserted sheet side
Formula is reinforced；But piecemeal cannot be influenced and play molding；D presses method of partition form removal, and after removing, mud and skeleton reinforcing steel bar are taken away, and uses
Cleaning hydraulic giant, palm brush are arranged surface totally, must not pay attention to and damage surface detail etc., are placed under repair into as former state to damaged location；E
Cleaning out and repaired piecemeal carries out sectional, then reinforce again, piecemeal die welding together as an entirety,
The joint close of piecemeal combination is repaired, brush wax or patch soft wax are carried out to the segmented model of assembling completion, reach required product
Thickness, dress running gate system carries out Plastering sand or grouting, using reinforcing bar carry out in outer join, reinforce and apply slurry, wait roasting；
3) wooden wax pattern is mixed：Design is decomposed, releasing agent spary, outer Plastering, just reinforces, form removal cleaning, combine patch
Wax, running gate system pour, apply inner core gypsum, total reinforcing, shove charge；It is suitble to the large components such as large size stand, Fang Ding, long incense burner, tool
Body is as follows：A omits scaling water by drawing size, makes 1：1 wooden loose tool, then the pattern, word, decorative pattern (wax) of product are pressed into ruler
Very little grid is pasted to place under repair up, and single-piece clay sculpture, plaster mold, Silicon moulds, computer are first carried out by the drawing of pattern, word, decorative pattern
Required patterned member is repaiied brush wax-pattern processed and come out by word processed etc., uses for repairing patch mould, carries out an acceptance inspection to the mould, to be tested to fold
It after lattice, is cleaned, brush releasing agent, by the big subsection of technique, piecemeal, installation running gate system, dress stream wax mouth, technique in internal model
Hole, technology nail reserve position, and then Plastering sand makes external form, just reinforce；B removes molding from the outer mould of Plastering sand
The wooden mould bases of loose tool, removes template, and then patch formation model, patch wax do wall thickness, and dress running gate system inner core Plastering always adds
Gu；
4) large-scale tripod class：Design planning, molded in place, comprehensive examination, plastering external form, just reinforces, is interior at fine mold
Core cleaning, patch wax wall, running gate system are poured, Plastering, are always reinforced, shove charge on the spot；It is suitble to large-scale circle tripod, large-scale sound clock, uses
Brandreth iron plate makes sweep forming method by drawing size, specific as follows：A rings clock, the big clock such as gets on the bus into mud, then turn over
The outer former of gypsum work processed, carries out brush wax, and thickness is indefinite, applies mould gypsum skeleton and fixes wax-pattern, then remove outer former, wax-pattern goes out
After coming, then word, dress pattern line are pasted on wax-pattern clock body, pre-fabricated wax pattern accessory, dress copper Pu jail, which is advance single casting
Alright, after integral forming, running gate system is filled, carries out Plastering mortar external form, steel fell great bell external mold after reinforcing, to inner mold
The plaster slab layer holder in great bell is removed in processing, one layer of random wax layer brushing of original is removed or heated dissolves away, and is washed to sweep and totally be repaiied
After benefit, carries out relief by design clock body wall thickness and carries out soft wax attaching, reach standard wall thickness, separated after inner core resin moulding,
External form shove charge roasts；Tripod big B, diameter is at two meters or more, and type processed gets on the bus into the shape of ancient cooking vessel in mud on the spot, size according to than
Practical ancient cooking vessel shape subtracts wall thickness dimension and makees model, it is therefore an objective to reserve thickness for patch wax, need thickness what wax sticked exactly ancient cooking vessel
Size dimension moulds 1/8 or 1/6 decorative pattern, pattern on this clay sculpture, turns over die sinking and carry out brush wax again, thickness wants up to standard, waits for that wax-pattern does not have
Have and 1/8 or 1/6 wax-pattern is attached to vehicle on clay sculpture before complete cold foot, several piece patch is completed to be an entirety, checks line comprehensively
Whether decorations, pattern, font are symmetrical, whether lines directly or not, control drawing design scheme etc., after qualified by inspection, then Plastering mortar
Molding is tentatively reinforced, and inner core technique is by the complete rear total reinforcing of flow implementation, brickwork roasting.
- 3 are please referred to Fig.1, the reinforcement process of plaster casting：By taking the making for justifying ancient cooking vessel as an example, there is a gypseous surrounding of ancient cooking vessel
There are decorative pattern, printed words.The ancient cooking vessel in kind of a copper is cast, first to make a wax ancient cooking vessel can just make.Therefore first to go out a wax processed
The work mould of mould is also known as former, this ancient cooking vessel Φ 3m high 2m, it is necessary to be divided into four pieces to do, first be starched from Plastering on 1/4 piece of mould, inside must
Need put reinforcing bar play with gypsum dress strike up partnership, wait for that four pieces are all carried out, this just cry just reinforce.One of stone is dismantled after hard
Paste type mould, reinforcing bar has been put in inside, anti-fracture, and four pieces of wholes are removed, and a circle ancient cooking vessel is pieced together to interface by former molding.Die joint
It fits and four pieces of modules is welded into one with reinforcing bar without meeting, if there is mistake constantly to reinforce weldering knot jail, this, which is just cried, always reinforces.If should
Ancient cooking vessel is that clay sculpture does not just need parting, global formation, also should not wax-pattern, can draw mud in inside and arrange.Diameter ＜ 800mm are high
Just the having to of degree ＜ 800mm does separated mould, there is second consolidation reinforcing bar.Wherein first reinforced steel, as long as considering that gypsum can be born
The strength that type molding is dismantled is not broken, and indeformable is principle.It is total reinforce to consider copper water pressure, tension, handling impact force etc.,
Steel size, spacing quantity etc. will be weighed, be determined according to area experience.The utilization of special channel steel is critically important.
The gypsum mould includes α gypsum 20-45%, 12-40 mesh plaster type antiquated sands 10- according to the raw material of weight percent
50%, alumina cement 10-25%, bauxite 10-20%, 12-40 mesh do not come sand 0-40%, 8-20 mesh quartz sand 0-40%, coal
Powder 0-5%, starch 0-4%, brown iron oxide 0-2% and calcium oxide 0.1-2%.
Concrete operations are：
1, first check for die quality, gating system pour, fabrication hole, technology nail, parting inserted sheet etc., mix slurry water consumption control
System is 1：3 or so waters have lacked poor fluidity, and duplicating property is poor, bubble is more, hardening is fast, and water is hardened slowly more, and unfavorable operation sends out
It is more to split factor, intensity also has an impact.
2, face layer is thick using secondary 2-3mm is sprayed, and mixes slurry water consumption 1：3 or so are not lost in seriously, and first layer is substantially hard
Afterwards, then spray second, the second layer it is basic it is hard after the slurry denseer than spraying is applied with hand, apply model and do not flow down, sinking can glue
Upper is principle, repeated multiple times to reach 25mm or so only, then applies reinforcing layer gypsum material to 25mm or so with hand, at this time total thickness about 50mm
Stop, carries out steel reinforcing.
3, reinforcing layer gypsum mortar is applied again after the reinforcement is good, about 40-50mm is thick, and overall thickness is in 100mm or so, this sand
Thickness is that the high bronze statues of 2m or so are a standard, and bronze statue size is big, and area is big, and thickness will increase, and reinforcing bar also wants overstriking, add,
Plaster mold shell accomplishes not leak copper water, and the expansive force of especially model lower part copper water is very big, and the pressure of copper water is 5-8 times of the quality of copper,
Therefore projecting surface, the calcium plaster of sharp corner, which will especially confirm, is applied to position.
4, gypsum mould is fully completed, be through natural coagulation in 24 hours and evaporable water, could shove charge dewaxing roasting.
Dewaxing：Gypsum mould dissolves the wax pattern material heating of gypsum mould package go out after 24 hours natural reaction evaporable waters
Come, is recycled.The molten point of paraffin is at 52 DEG C or so, as long as water is heated to 95- by smallclothes Ludox crust in iron case water tank
100 DEG C are put into formwork stop and dewaxing work can be completed in 20-30 minutes.Large-scale plaster-mold casting shape by m mostly in terms of being come
It calculates, weight all arrives several tons of weights at hundreds of kilograms, and shell thickness is all in 100mm or so, if being impossible with adopting water tank method.It must
Shove charge 160 DEG C or so must be heated in stove on the spot, the time could flow in 8 hours, the several streams set from gypsum mould lower part
It is flowed out in wax mouth, the recycling of furnace bottom structure.Furnace bottom must build up refractory aggregate or with heat-resisting cast iron plate, and composition slope current wax structure could handle
Wax streamer recycles.Or flow to furnace bottom and absorbed, it is slowly burnt up after stove heat.The few 20- of furnace bottom recycling that refractory aggregate has been built
30%, because having crack after refractory aggregate stove heat, aggregate itself can absorb wax material.Such as drop-bottom recycling is poured into heat-resisting cast iron
Rate is greatly improved up to 85% or more.And stablize, the quality of wax might as well.
Drying, roasting：Fusible pattern gypsum, gypsum surface layer can absorb a part of paraffin when dewaxing is heated, in order in gypsum
Residual wax is burnt out, and must be roasted to 650-750 DEG C, and paraffin starts largely to burn mistakes at 200 DEG C or so, and loss on ignition reaches at 350 DEG C
91%, until 610 DEG C of burning-ups.Gypsum heat shrinkage is big, to prevent gypsum mould crackle, heating from very must slowly carry out.Roasting removes
It eliminates in paraffin outside residual wax, it is necessary to be reacted into dihydrate gypsum after the dead plaster in gypsum mould is added water with calcium oxide
Free water, crystallization water removal.The temperature range of causus contraction occurs for 300-400 DEG C of exactly gypsum, and excessive temperature gradient is aobvious
Prodigious interior pressure can be so caused, therefore heating speed is must be strictly controlled in cold stage.Gypsum mould formwork is all a fat person,
M or more, hundred kilograms to several tons of weight, and cast-in-situ after shove charge.Therefore the type of furnace is unique, semi-active property, lower half
Fixed, first half enclosing, bell is all movable, increases and encloses a grade brick according to the size of gypsum mould height to increase, brick is with resistance to
What fiery aggregate was cast, the size of brick, long by 150 × high by 50 × wide 30 (centimetre) burner hearth, can be in 5m × 3m × level altitude 1.5m
Meaning is increased.Fuel can also use natural duct coal gas with gas generator.
Referring to Fig. 4, the design of roaster, is considered as the following aspects：
1) gasburner is wanted multiple rows of and is put, and nozzle installation should be 40 centimeters from furnace bottom, upward 45 degree of crater up flame, stove
Bottom will design stream wax pan structure, while be also the slot structure of air-introduced machine, it is necessary to and air-introduced machine is filled, furnace air is made to flow, furnace temperature ability
Uniformly；
2) an observation panel will be designed on the outer enclosure wall of each nozzle, for lighting a fire, supplying oxygen, size is on the left sides 250 × 250mm
The right side can be closed, and open；
3) safe secured and cast process is must take into consideration toward the built-in gypsum mould of stove, while will be to the gypsum mould face close to nozzle
Gypsum face is blocked with high temperature resistant cast iron plate, otherwise flame can burn out gypsum face, install stove, seal bell, igniting heating, it should be noted that
Safety operation；
4) many places temperature-measuring port is designed.
Cast：It is the alleviation of the most critical of the last pass of gypsum mould and plaster casting technique, it is necessary to carry out as follows
Several points：
1) whether qualified to the copper water mass-temperature of cast, whether in place deoxidation, carries out thermometric inspection, and whether copper water cleans
Deng；
2) casting ladle will prepare more, and whether tonnage is enough, and whether water-resistant layer is intact, and whether casting ladle dryouies, it is necessary to keep casting ladle
Dry temperature has 300-400 DEG C before going out copper water, and whether mechanical part is normal；
3) the whether steady jail of gypsum mould shove charge is checked, when cast will not loosen, and stream wax mouth seals, and gypsum mould whether burn by shattered crack
It is bad, once going wrong, reinforcing should be mended in time, big high part will be reinforced before cast, and leak of making provision against emergencies is important to
Pay attention to inner core position, when necessary plus resin sand is reinforced to tamp；
4) poring rate will be mapped out, and thick book is treated respectively, and pouring temperature will also be distinguished；
5) to prepare that the unexpected plugging material instrument etc. for leaking copper water occurs when cast；
6) operation will dress safeguard protection articles for use.It takes care operation, submits onself to someone's direction, do not muddle things up.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the Forbidden City the Hall of Supreme Harmony copper Sambalion, specification 2.90m* are imitated using plaster casting technique
2.13m*3.15m it is right to weigh 7.5 tons of weight tin bronzes 1.The specific steps are：
One, two part setting-outs, lion is divided to be integrated as one, copper lion seat
1, lion body setting-out, by cage plate clay sculpture 1：1 omits scaling water, and chimera circle hair is not done carefully in setting-out, the gardens piece Zhi Zuo, small floral diagram
Case is also individually done；The colour ball of lion foot, lioncel son also independent plastotype；It pours into after wax pattern is assembled integrally examination and removes after accessory
Carry out independent cast copper, then whole copper piece are assembled；
2, copper lion seat, made of wood model structure mode, first copper seat whole decorative pattern photograph in proportion slightly scaling water finish
The other sculpture of pattern；Big frame China fir bar, fivelayer plywood, folder card carry out doing mold, concave straight line, garden arc, right angle by material object
Deng；Scaling water surface is smooth, and size is accurate, and intensity meets Plastering requirement, but wants to tear open well when form removal, does not damage gypsum mould；Copper seat
Decorative pattern all translates into Silicon moulds outside, pours into the rear of wax and dresses up pattern arrangement forming；After passed examination, wanted by technique
It asks, part flower, which is fixed up on the wooden seat together with big seat, applies slurry casting；Some decorative patterns remove individually crust cast；Finally in copper
Assembly is combined on part；
Two, it after setting-out meets the requirements, carries out turning over gypsum mould cavity block processed
1, lion body mould, lion colour ball, lioncel son sample are turned over and the removable former for doing wax pattern, mould living is made, Complex Parts will do silicon
Rubber moulding, while for subsequent Plastering brush wax step, to consider that fabrication hole loose piece pattern, lion body head stay 200mm*200mm works
Skill hole；Then bulk mould processed is turned over to fix, is allowed to indeformable and loses shape, using the high gypsum of intensity, firm flax silk and firm
Batten or steel；
2, because copper lion seat moulding molding is simple, therefore die sinking need not be turned over, directly does setting-out mould；
3, lion body former is removed, after repairing cleaning, is assembled into lion body ghost mould and carries out brush wax, mold wax or part are returned
Brush wax, brush to 3mm or so are carried out with palm brush after receipts wax dissolved clarification, ensures that plane decorative pattern is clear, it is not out of shape, it heaves；After the completion of brush wax,
Entire lion body seat can be supported and stand on surface plate or on ground by applying one layer of very thin flax silk of mould gypsum and batten reinforcing；It removes again
Former type shows lion figure state；
4, it places under repair to lion body wax-pattern, texturing, repair of defects, hairline is unclogged and readjusted, some decorative patterns mounted on lion
With, troweling cleaning is carried out after the completion, and reinforcing fabrication hole will also be handled；
Three, after all being checked and accepted to lion body and stand, casting α types gypsum and reinforced steel is applied comprehensively
1, casting α type gypsum, including face layer and reinforcing layer are prepared, face layer includes α types according to the raw material of weight percent
Gypsum 35%, alumina cement 12%, bauxite 10%, 20-40 mesh plaster type antiquated sand 25% and 20-40 mesh do not carry out sand 18%；Add
Gu layer includes α types gypsum 35%, alumina cement 12%, bauxite 10%20-40 mesh gypsum moulds according to the raw material of weight percent
Antiquated sand 25% and 20-40 mesh quartz sand 18%；
2, the brush releasing agent on model, silicone oil, butter should brush a little releasing agents more due to that can be sopped up on wooden body；Together
When install ceramic tube reinforced hole, and open necessary fabrication hole, there are fabrication holes on lion body head stands upside down and use for Plastering；
3, start spray and shine first layer slurry, it is denseer with 20-40 mesh not come mortar, do not flow the spray second layer after several minutes, together
On, about 4-5mm or so thickness applies into about 50-60mm thickness with coarse sand with calcium plaster 10-15 mesh sand again after not flowing；Just reinforce, uses
12 yuan of steel Boulezs of Φ, distance about 120mm or so, one intersects progress and welds knot jail, and lion body, which will weld, forms circumferential, copper seat surrounding
The pull rod of through hole is used, and it will use 10# channel steels to compress up and down；
4, after outer layer has applied gypsum, overturning carries out internal apply and starches, and carries out internal layer technological work, and autoclave dewaxing removes gypsum
Then reinforcing layer, batten flax silk carry out soft wax and paste work processed, determine lion body and copper seat thickness, thick at 8-10mm with soft wax patch,
The setting of running gate system is carried out after the completion, downward, cast gate is poured into a mould with staged on lion body head, starts up to put from lower part 300mm,
Two casting ladles are formed by ingate, runner gate, down gate；The edge-on cast of lion copper seat slightly 20-30 ° of squint, two casting ladle cast；It pours
Mouth equally uses staged, riser to be all located at eminence, convenient for fully deflation；Wax mouth is leaked bottom two, three, is sealed after having dried shell
It closes, after passed examination, applies 20-40 mesh thin calcium plaster, the same outer layer of technique, cloth reinforcing bar wants butt welding with outer reinforcement after overstriking sand
Jail, while being welded inside and outside above and below 10# channel steels；Lion body channel steel is four, and inner core also wants four；Copper seat plane and four sides will be arranged
Eight channel steels and eight inner cores；Channel steel welds mutually, and 12 reinforcing bars of Φ are pressed under channel steel, full calcium plaster is then applied, substantially channel steel
It is covered with；
Four, hove charge dewaxing roasting drying, cast
It lights a fire within best 24 hours after installing stove, gas generator, heating-up time table is as shown in table 1, after furnace cooling 20 hours
Cast.
1 gypsum mould of table dries the heating-up time table with roasting
| Time (h) | 1-12 | 13-24 | 25-36 | 37-48 | 49-60 |
| Temperature (DEG C) | 120-200 | 250-300 | 350-450 | 500-600 | 650-700 |
In addition, in the actual gypsum type manufacturing process, when preparing plaster type compound powder, dust is very big, due to blender
Land plaster etc. is raised in transit, and dust is big in operating environment, brings undesirable influence to the health of operator, therefore
Future improves working environment, and the preparation of plaster type compound powder is placed in secret room and is carried out, is fed using Belt Conveying, operative employee
People is no longer in direct contact blender, as shown in Figure 5.
The invention has the characteristics that：It is simple for process, it is easy to operate；Duplicating property is good, and gypsum crystallization while expands,
The small thin portion decorative pattern of the filled model of energy and the bumps at the intervals 0.2mm clearly cast out；The temperature diffusivity of gypsum is low, cooling time
3-6 times longer than sand mold, highly beneficial to pouring into a mould, being as thin as the wall thickness of 0.5mm can cast out；Collapsibility is good, for thin thin Complex Parts
Especially beneficial, sand removal is convenient not to damage casting again；It is with short production cycle, big 2m or so bronze statue can monoblock cast, the time is short；Using
Plaster type antiquated sand can reduce cost and solve the problems, such as that the poor air permeability of gypsum and sand are split, and have a wide range of application.
It is obvious to a person skilled in the art that invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, Er Qie
In the case of without departing substantially from spirit or essential attributes of the invention, the present invention can be realized in other specific forms.Therefore, no matter
From the point of view of which point, the present embodiments are to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive, and the scope of the present invention is by appended power
Profit requires rather than above description limits, it is intended that all by what is fallen within the meaning and scope of the equivalent requirements of the claims
Variation is included within the present invention.
In addition, it should be understood that although this specification is described in terms of embodiments, but not each embodiment is only wrapped
Containing an independent technical solution, this description of the specification is merely for the sake of clarity, and those skilled in the art should
It considers the specification as a whole, the technical solutions in the various embodiments may also be suitably combined, forms those skilled in the art
The other embodiment being appreciated that.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of plaster casting technique, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
(1) preparation of gypsum mould：Including molding, amendment, just reinforce, total reinforcing；
(2) drying and roasting：The gypsum mould shove charge that will be prepared is heated to 120-200 DEG C, then with the speed of 10-20 DEG C/h
It is warming up to 250-300 DEG C with the speed of 1-10 DEG C/h, then 350-400 DEG C is warming up to the speed of 1-5 DEG C/h, finally with 2-10
DEG C/speed of h is warming up to 650-700 DEG C, carry out subsequent processing after furnace cooling 20-24h；
(3) melting and cast：Smelting furnace is selected according to melt, carries out rapid melting and the heating of metal charge, while keeping casting ladle
300-400 DEG C of temperature is dried, it then will be in the roasting gypsum mould of pouring metal melt to step (2) using casting ladle；
The gypsum mould according to the raw material of weight percent include α gypsum 20-45%, 12-40 mesh plaster type antiquated sands 10-50%,
Alumina cement 10-25%, bauxite 10-20%, 12-40 mesh do not come sand 0-40%, 8-20 mesh quartz sand 0-40%, coal dust 0-
5%, starch 0-4%, brown iron oxide 0-2% and calcium oxide 0.1-2%；
Described just to reinforce when being the Plastering outside every piece of mould, reinforcing bar is put in inside makes gypsum dress strike up partnership, total reinforcing be
After plaster mold is hard, all plaster molds are dismantled, entirety are pieced together to interface by former molding, die joint will fit nothing
Seam, is welded into one each gypsum mould module using reinforcing bar, until whole firm weldings.
2. plaster casting technique according to claim 1, which is characterized in that according to the classification of model, the gypsum mould
Preparation be divided into four kinds of techniques：
1) clay sculpture：Die sinking, gypsum submodule processed, amendment, die sinking, go out wax-pattern, repair wax-pattern, Plastering, just reinforce, it is total reinforce,
Shove charge；
2) design, inserted sheet segmentation：Decompose design, inserted sheet segmentation, Plastering, just reinforcing, demoulding cleaning, assembly molding, external form
Paste wax, inner core processed, Plastering, total reinforcing, shove charge；
3) wooden wax pattern is mixed：Design is decomposed, releasing agent spary, outer Plastering, just reinforces, form removal cleaning, combination patch wax, pour
Injection system pours, applies inner core gypsum, total reinforcing, shove charge；
4) large-scale tripod class：Design planning, molded in place, fine mold, comprehensive examination, plastering external form, just reinforcing, inner core are clear
Reason, patch wax wall, running gate system are poured, Plastering, are always reinforced, shove charge on the spot.
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