CN105057594B - A kind of investment precision casting technology - Google Patents
A kind of investment precision casting technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN105057594B CN105057594B CN201510470253.XA CN201510470253A CN105057594B CN 105057594 B CN105057594 B CN 105057594B CN 201510470253 A CN201510470253 A CN 201510470253A CN 105057594 B CN105057594 B CN 105057594B
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of investment precision casting technology, during pressure wax, Tissuemat E, SEBS elastomers are interspersed in paraffin, microwax and octyl stearate, are formed the structure of IPN grid, are improved its intensity；Polyamide wax swelling generation paste thixotropic agent under dimethylbenzene effect.Network structure is formed, with good intensity and heat resistance, excellent storage stability, there is splendid result of prevention in coating system.On the other hand, the coating used for the present invention, polyvinyl alcohol, hydroxymethyl cellulose are as additional adhesive, and Ludox is used as main binding agent, electro-corundum, cubic boron nitride, titanium nitride are main refractory material, make that the housing of preparation is heat-resist, intensity is high.Therefore, the steel alloy fusible pattern product size precision that the casting technique that provides of the present invention is manufactured is high, and casting crack is few, reliable product quality, pours into a mould that obtained cast(ing) surface is bright and clean and quality is high using the technique.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to casting technology field, more particularly to a kind of investment precision casting technology.
Background technology
Precision casting process is generally divided into replica casting, molten lead casting and lost-wax casting.Wherein, lost-wax casting is to lose molding
Make, also referred to as model casting.Precision-investment casting is a kind of few cutting or the casting technique without cutting, in being casting industry
One excellent technology.Precision-investment casting is widely used, and is applicable not only to all kinds, the casting of various alloys, and
And casting dimension accuracy, the surface quality produced are higher than other casting methods, therefore, other casting methods are difficult to what is cast
Complexity, high temperature resistant, the casting for being not easy to processing, can be cast using precision-investment casting.
It is the aviation at that time in nineteen forties that modern investment casting method obtains practical application in the industrial production
The development of jet engine, it is desirable to which manufacture is complex-shaped as impeller, nozzle, auto parts machinery etc..Because heat-resisting alloy material is difficult to
Machining, part shape is complicated, so that can not or be difficult to be manufactured with other methods, it is, thus, sought for a kind of new precision
Moulding process, the lost-wax casting that is handed down of ancient times is then used for reference, by the improvement to material and technique, modern model casting
Method obtains important development on the basis of technique in ancient times.So, the development of aircraft industry has promoted the application of model casting,
And model casting is updated and perfect, performance is further also improved for aircraft industry creates favourable condition.
Model casting biggest advantage is due to that investment-casting has very high dimensional accuracy and surface smoothness, so can
Machining operations are reduced, simply require that a little allowance is stayed at higher position on part, or even some casting are only
Stay polishing, polishing surplus, it is not necessary to which machining can be used.As can be seen here, lathe can largely be saved using investment casting method
Equipment and machining period, significantly save raw material metal.
Another advantage of investment casting method is can to cast the complicated casting of various alloys, can particularly be cast
High-temperature alloy casting.For example, the blade of jet engine, its streamline contour and cooling inner chamber, are machined into technique
It can not almost be formed, and use full form casting process production not only to accomplish batch production, it is ensured that the uniformity of casting, and
And avoid the stress concentration that knife mark is remained after machining.
But domestic existing Investment casting technology there is also some problems that such as manufacturing process is more, particularly wherein moulding
The presence of process increases labor intensity, adds manufacturing cost.Due to being simple in the modeling process of precision-investment casting
Formwork is buried with molding sand, the support strength and hardness of molding sand are all very poor, thus cause after being cast occur cast product bulge,
The defects such as shrinkage cavity and porosity, the yield rate of casting is low, is always the insoluble problem of model casting.Moreover, state's inner cladding mode
Cast the form strength being made low, be also in numerous the industry so as to cause the low defect of casting deformation, casting dimension stability
Enterprise the problem of be difficult to control to.
The content of the invention
Present invention solves the technical problem that being to provide a kind of investment precision casting technology, obtained cast(ing) surface is intact
Fall into, casting dimension accuracy is high, stability is good.
In view of this, the invention provides a kind of investment precision casting technology, comprise the following steps：Step a) notes mould material
Enter in mould, obtain wax-pattern after condensation shaping, the mould material includes：30-40 parts by weight paraffin, 15-30 parts by weight tristearin are misery
Ester, 20-25 parts by weight microwax, 10-20 weight parts of polyamide waxes, 10-18 weight account polyethylenes wax, 2-5 parts by weight SEBS, 1
Parts by weight of xylene；The wax-pattern is placed in coating by step b) to be impregnated, and makes coating uniform fold in wax pattern surface, then stucco
Reinforce, obtain shell after dry, hardening, the coating includes：Ludox, electro-corundum, cubic boron nitride, titanium nitride, poly- second
Enol, hydroxymethyl cellulose, deionized water, surfactant and defoamer；The shell is carried out steam dewaxing, roasting by step c)
Burn；Step d) obtains casting after aluminium alloy, solidification are poured into a mould into the shell after roasting.
It is preferred that, the mould material includes：33-38 parts by weight paraffin, 20-27 parts by weight octyl stearate, 21-24 parts by weight
Microwax, 12-18 weight parts of polyamide waxes, 12-16 weight account polyethylenes wax, 3-4 parts by weight SEBS, 1 parts by weight of xylene.
It is preferred that, in step a, the mould material is prepared as follows：Step S1) by 30-40 parts by weight paraffin, 15-
30 parts by weight octyl stearates, 20-25 parts by weight microwax, 10-20 weight parts of polyamide waxes, 10-18 weight account polyethylenes wax,
2-5 parts by weight SEBS and the melting of 1 parts by weight of xylene, stir；Step S2) obtained using 100-140 mesh screen steps S1
The mould material for the melting arrived；Step S3) the mould material after filtering is poured into ingot bar, grinding after obtain wax powder；Step S4) by the wax powder
Pasty state mould material is tuned into after melting.
It is preferred that, the step a is specially：Mould material is poured into heat-preserving container, sealed, injection air carries out pressure injection, pressure injection
Temperature is 45-50 DEG C, and Pressure Casting is 0.5-1.5 atmospheric pressure；Mould material is injected in die mould, wax-pattern is obtained after condensation shaping, protects
It is 20-25 DEG C to press temperature, and the dwell time is 1-4 minutes, and the mould material includes：30-40 parts by weight paraffin, 15-30 parts by weight are hard
Resin acid monooctyl ester, 20-25 parts by weight microwax, 10-20 weight parts of polyamide waxes, 10-18 weight account polyethylenes wax, 2-5 parts by weight
SEBS, 1 parts by weight of xylene.
It is preferred that, in step b, the coating is prepared as follows：By 3.5 parts by weight electro-corundums, 0.5 parts by weight
Cubic boron nitride, 0.3 parts by weight titanium nitride are added in 1 parts by weight Ludox, then add 0.5-2 parts by weight of deionized water, 0.2
Weight account polyethylene alcohol, 0.3 parts by weight hydroxymethyl cellulose, 0.1-0.2 parts surfactants and 0.2-0.3 parts by weight disappear
Coating is obtained after infusion, stirring.
It is preferred that, in step b, the drying, cure step are specially：Wax-pattern after stucco is reinforced is dried and hardened,
Then next layer is coated with, hardening is dried again, thickness is so recycled to for 2 centimetres, surface layer is entered in seal box with ammonia
Row dries hardening, and back-up coat in immersion aluminum chloride aqueous solution by the way of being hardened.
It is preferred that, in step c), calcination stepses are specially：Shell after steam dewaxing is rapidly heated to 850-900 DEG C,
Insulation 1-2 hours, cooling.
It is preferred that, the aluminium alloy includes：C：0.3-0.6wt%, Al：0.1-0.3wt%, Ti：0.4-0.6wt%, Sc：
0.04-0.14wt%, Co：0.05-0.12wt%, Mn：0.1-0.16wt%, Cu：0.08-0.12wt%, Sm：0.04-
0.1wt%, Mg：0.04-0.08wt%, Si：＜ 0.04wt%, P：＜ 0.02wt%, S：＜ 0.02wt%, N：0.001%-
0.01wt%, surplus is Fe and inevitable impurity.
It is preferred that, in step d, initial pouring temperature is that adjustment pouring temperature is 720-750 after 435-450 DEG C, 10 minutes
℃。
It is preferred that, in addition to：Obtained casting is processed by shot blasting, alloy steel casting is formed.
Compared with prior art, the present invention is with paraffin, octyl stearate, microwax, polyamide wax, Tissuemat E, SEBS
It is mould material with dimethylbenzene, during pressure wax, it is misery that Tissuemat E, SEBS elastomers are interspersed in paraffin, microwax and tristearin
In ester, the structure of IPN grid is formed, its intensity is improved；Polyamide wax swelling generation paste thixotropic agent under dimethylbenzene effect.
Network structure is formed, with good intensity and heat resistance, excellent storage stability, there is splendid anti-settling effect in coating system
Really.On the other hand, for the coating that uses of the present invention, polyvinyl alcohol, hydroxymethyl cellulose are as additional adhesive, and Ludox
As main binding agent, electro-corundum, cubic boron nitride, titanium nitride are main refractory material, make the housing of preparation heat-resisting
The good, intensity of property is high.Therefore, the steel alloy fusible pattern product size precision that the casting technique that the present invention is provided is manufactured is high, casting
Crack is few, reliable product quality, pours into a mould that obtained cast(ing) surface is bright and clean and quality is high using the technique.
Embodiment
For a further understanding of the present invention, the preferred embodiment of the invention is described with reference to embodiment, still
It should be appreciated that these descriptions are simply to further illustrate the features and advantages of the present invention, rather than to the claims in the present invention
Limitation.
The embodiment of the invention discloses a kind of investment precision casting technology, comprise the following steps：Step a) injects mould material
In mould, wax-pattern is obtained after condensation shaping, the mould material includes：30-40 parts by weight paraffin, 15-30 parts by weight octyl stearate,
20-25 parts by weight microwax, 10-20 weight parts of polyamide waxes, 10-18 weight account polyethylenes wax, 2-5 parts by weight SEBS, 1 weight
Part dimethylbenzene；The wax-pattern is placed in coating by step b) to be impregnated, and makes coating uniform fold in wax pattern surface, then stucco adds
Gu, shell is obtained after dry, hardening, the coating includes：Ludox, electro-corundum, cubic boron nitride, titanium nitride, polyethylene
Alcohol, hydroxymethyl cellulose, deionized water, surfactant and defoamer；The shell is carried out steam dewaxing, roasting by step c)
Burn；Step d) obtains casting after aluminium alloy, solidification are poured into a mould into the shell after roasting.
Preferably, the present invention sets mould using the vertical machining center lathe bed type CNC milling machines of VMCL 600,
Such as some precision components of auto parts machinery casting.
Preferably, the step a is specially：Mould material is poured into heat-preserving container, sealed, injection air is pressed
Note, pressure injection temperature is 45-50 DEG C, and Pressure Casting is 0.5-1.5 atmospheric pressure；Mould material is injected in die mould, obtained after condensation shaping
Wax-pattern, pressurize temperature is 20-25 DEG C, and the dwell time is 1-4 minutes, and the mould material includes：30-40 parts by weight paraffin, 15-30 weights
Measure part octyl stearate, 20-25 parts by weight microwax, 10-20 weight parts of polyamide waxes, 10-18 weight account polyethylenes wax, 2-5
Parts by weight SEBS, 1 parts by weight of xylene.
The mould material is preferably included：33-38 parts by weight paraffin, 20-27 parts by weight octyl stearate, 21-24 parts by weight are micro-
Brilliant wax, 12-18 weight parts of polyamide waxes, 12-16 weight account polyethylenes wax, 3-4 parts by weight SEBS, 1 parts by weight of xylene.It is described
Mould material more preferably includes：35-36 parts by weight paraffin, 22-25 parts by weight octyl stearate, 22-23 parts by weight microwax, 14-16
Weight parts of polyamide wax, 13-15 weight account polyethylenes wax, 3-4 parts by weight SEBS, 1 parts by weight of xylene.
The mould material is preferably prepared as follows：Step S1) 30-40 parts by weight paraffin, 15-30 parts by weight are stearic
Misery ester, 20-25 parts by weight microwax, 10-20 weight parts of polyamide waxes, 10-18 weight account polyethylenes wax, 2-5 parts by weight
SEBS and the melting of 1 parts by weight of xylene, stir；Step S2) utilize the obtained meltings of 100-140 mesh screen steps S1
Mould material；Step S3) the mould material after filtering is poured into ingot bar, grinding after obtain wax powder；Step S4) it will be tuned into after wax powder melting
Pasty state mould material.Wherein, in step S1, the melting of mould material is carried out preferably in water-bath type stainless steel or aluminum cup, and be powered fusing；
The maximum temperature of mould material is preferably controlled in 90 DEG C or so.
Traditional wax-pattern is mainly paraffin and stearic garden sorrel material, and such mould material shrinks big, low intensity, heat endurance
Difference, description ability are low, and light, cleaning, the requirement for making wax-pattern exactly are unable to reach at all.And polyethylene is added in the present invention
Wax, polyamide wax and SEBS, during pressure wax, Tissuemat E, SEBS elastomers can be interspersed in paraffin, microwax and hard
In resin acid monooctyl ester, the structure of IPN grid is formed, its intensity is improved.And polyamide wax swelling generation paste under dimethylbenzene effect
Thixotropic agent, its swelling structure is reticulated, and has extraordinary intensity and heat resistance, and excellent storage stability has in coating system
Splendid result of prevention.
In step b shell step processed, the present invention is used as main binding agent, electro-corundum, cube nitrogen using Ludox
It is main refractory material to change boron, titanium nitride, and polyvinyl alcohol, hydroxymethyl cellulose are that additional adhesive prepares shell.
Shell process processed is the most important link of model casting, and the shell mould of high-quality is for the casting that obtains high-quality must can not
Few.Many performances of shell mould such as intensity, gas permeability, chemical stability and collapsibility can all influence the quality of founding forging piece.
And the quality of shell has very big relation with binding agent, the selection of refractory material.
When hanging shell, first coating is stirred, then will move up and down and rotate in wax-pattern group immersion coating, is then lifted；
It is even with writing brush type brush at piling, wax-pattern group is rationally rotated, the coating in wax-pattern group is relatively evenly covered one layer, gob is applied
When falling seldom, you can carry out stucco.
The time of above-mentioned drop coating to the greatest extent can not be long, in order to avoid can not adhere to sand because of air-set.Due to complex-shaped
The fusible pattern of part has a large amount of deep holes and groove, is not easy to be coated with uniformly during coating, therefore must dip coating with hairbrush and be brushed,
Hole wall surface must stave it if any bubble.In a word, it is module surface is all uniformly coated with to the requirement for being coated with coating
One coating, coating local accumulation or certain partial blank are not allowed without coating.In addition, often due to and air during coating
Effect, makes coating surface one layer of shell of formation or because powder sinks and occurs liquid on surface, therefore in operation will also be through
Often coating is stirred, mixed well.
During stucco, by the constantly revolution of wax-pattern group and turned upside down motion so that coating and sand grains are evenly distributed,
It is important to anti-leak-stopping to spread or local floating sand wash, untill sand grains does not glue.The purpose of stucco is to fix coating with sand grains
Layer simultaneously increases the thickness of shell, with enough normal temperature and elevated temperature strength；Meanwhile, it can also improve shell gas permeability and
Deformability；And can prevent shell from being cracked and other surface defects in hardening.
In step b, the drying, cure step are specially：Wax-pattern after stucco is reinforced is dried and hardened, and is then coated with
Next layer, is dried hardening again, is so recycled to thickness for 2 centimetres, surface layer is dried firmly in seal box with ammonia
Change, back-up coat in immersion aluminum chloride aqueous solution by the way of being hardened.
In step b, the coating is prepared as follows：By 3.5 parts by weight electro-corundums, 0.5 parts by weight cube nitrogen
Change boron, 0.3 parts by weight titanium nitride to add in 1 parts by weight Ludox, then add 0.5-2 parts by weight of deionized water, 0.2 parts by weight
Polyvinyl alcohol, 0.3 parts by weight hydroxymethyl cellulose, 0.1-0.2 parts surfactants and 0.2-0.3 parts by weight defoamers,
Coating is obtained after stirring.
In the preparation process of coating, add after deionized water, preferably stir half an hour.In order to improve surface coating
Performance is coated with, needs to add the surfactant of 0.1-0.2 parts by weight during configuration, but can be involved in substantial amounts of when now coating is stirred
Gas and make increased air bubble, therefore the defoamer that need to add 0.2-0.3 parts by weight simultaneously removes the bubble of desurfacing coating.The present invention
The surfactant of use is preferably stearic acid or neopelex；The defoamer that the present invention is used is preferably n-octyl alcohol
Defoamer.
Electro-corundum has the advantages that high-melting-point (2050 DEG C), compact structure, thermal conductivity are good, and coefficient of thermal expansion is small and equal
Even, it is about 2% to be heated to 2000 DEG C of its expansion total amounts from room temperature.Other corundum belong under amphoteric oxide, high temperature in alkalescent or
Neutrality, chemical stability is good, is not reacted with oxidant, reducing agent and most metals liquid.
Cubic boron nitride is synthesized at high temperature under high pressure by hexagonal boron nitride and catalyst, is after after diamond appearance
Another the new new high-tech product occurred, with very high hardness, heat endurance and chemical inertness, and well saturating red
The excellent properties such as profile and wider energy gap, its hardness is only second to diamond, but heat endurance is far above diamond, has
Larger chemical stability.
Titanium nitride (TiN) has that tempting golden yellow, fusing point are high, hardness is big, chemical stability is good, small with the wetting of metal
Structural material and with higher electric conductivity and superconductivity, can be applied to high-temperature structural material and superconductor.TiN fusing points
Fusing point than most of transition metal nitrides is high, and density is lower than most metals nitride, therefore is that one kind has spy very much
The heat proof material of color.
In the technical program, polyvinyl alcohol, hydroxymethyl cellulose are as additional adhesive, and Ludox is as main
Binding agent, electro-corundum, cubic boron nitride, titanium nitride are main refractory material, make that the housing of preparation is heat-resist, intensity
It is high.
In step c), calcination stepses are specially：Shell after steam dewaxing is rapidly heated to 850-900 DEG C, 1-2 is incubated
Hour, cooling.Baking can be in burning-off shell remaining wax material, and the binding agent in shell is transformed into the silicon of three-dimensional-structure
Oxygen key is connected, and is improved the intensity of shell, is improved its high-temperature behavior.The present invention further preferably includes the shell after roasting loading sandbox
In, then add sand, the sandbox for having added sand is transported on shake table, carry out vibration ramming.
Sandbox after vibration ramming is transported to pouring position, to pour into a mould, before cast, vacuum line and pair of sandbox
Interface starts vacuum system and vacuumizes sandbox to connecting.Product aluminium alloy is poured into a mould into running gate system.The aluminium alloy is preferred
Including：C：0.3-0.6wt%, Al：0.1-0.3wt%, Ti：0.4-0.6wt%, Sc：0.04-0.14wt%, Co：0.05-
0.12wt%, Mn：0.1-0.16wt%, Cu：0.08-0.12wt%, Sm：0.04-0.1wt%, Mg：0.04-0.08wt%,
Si：＜ 0.04wt%, P：＜ 0.02wt%, S：＜ 0.02wt%, N：0.001%-0.01wt%, surplus is Fe and inevitable
Impurity.The casting that above-mentioned aluminium alloy is prepared into has preferable mechanical performance, anticorrosion and good weatherability.
In step d, initial pouring temperature is that adjustment pouring temperature is 720-750 DEG C after 435-450 DEG C, 10 minutes.
Preferably, in addition to：Obtained casting is processed by shot blasting, alloy steel casting is formed.
The method that the present invention is provided, the steel alloy fusible pattern product size precision manufactured is high, and casting crack is few, product matter
Amount is reliable, pours into a mould that obtained cast(ing) surface is bright and clean and quality is high using this method, or even suitable for casting complex-shaped, resistance to height
Temperature, the fusible pattern and casting for being not easy to processing.
For a further understanding of the present invention, the technical scheme that the present invention is provided is carried out specifically with reference to embodiment
Bright, protection scope of the present invention is not limited by the following examples.
Embodiment 1
Step 1, mould development, the present invention set mould using the vertical machining center lathe bed type CNC milling machines of VMCL 600
Tool, some precision components of such as auto parts machinery casting.
Step 2, molding, the wax-pattern that casting prepares product, that is, investment casting process are carried out using mould.Mould is configured first
Material, the component of mould material and the parts by weight of each component are as follows：35 parts by weight paraffin, 22 parts by weight octyl stearates, 23 parts by weight
Microwax, 15 weight parts of polyamide waxes, 15 weight account polyethylene waxes, 3 parts by weight SEBS, 1 parts by weight of xylene.
When configuring above-mentioned substance, using electrothermal water bath type melting appartus, concrete operation step is：
S1：Above-mentioned substance is weighed in proportion, above-mentioned substance is put into the dry water-bath type stainless steel striven or aluminum cup, is led to
Electrofusion；
S2：After after the fusing of mould material, stir, mould material maximum temperature should be controlled at 90 DEG C or so；
S3：The mould material melted with 100-140 mesh screens, goes the removal of impurity；
S4：The mould material of filtering is poured into ingot bar, wax powder is then worn into；
S5：Pasty state mould material is tuned into after wax powder is melted stand-by.
After abrasive material is prepared, in the heat-preserving container for pouring into pressure cerate, cover closure and lock, open air pump injection air.
Then, in injection die mould, fusible pattern is taken out after condensation shaping at casting mouthful for mould material.The technological parameter that uses of pressure wax for：Pressure injection
Temperature：50 DEG C, die mould temperature：25 DEG C, Pressure Casting：1.2 atmospheric pressure, the dwell time is 2 minutes.
Step 3, shell processed, shell manufacture include being coated with coating, stucco, hardening with drying.
The present invention is using Ludox as main binding agent, and electro-corundum, boron nitride, titanium nitride are main fire proofed wood
Material, polyvinyl alcohol, hydroxymethyl cellulose are that additional adhesive prepares shell.Specifically mainly comprise the following steps：
L1：Shell coating preparation, by the Main Refractory electro-corundum powder of shell coating, boron nitride, titanium nitride and
Ludox weight ratio is 3.5: 0.5: 0.3: 1, and former three is added in Ludox glue, adds the deionized water of 1.2 parts by weight,
Half an hour is stirred, the polyvinyl alcohol of 0.2 parts by weight and the hydroxymethyl cellulose of 0.3 parts by weight is then added.In order to improve table
Investment precoat is coated with performance, needs to add the surfactant of 0.1% parts by weight during configuration, but can roll up when now coating is stirred
Enter substantial amounts of gas and make increased air bubble, therefore the n-octyl alcohol defoamer that need to add 0.2 parts by weight simultaneously removes desurfacing coating
Bubble.
L2：Shell is hung, when hanging shell, first coating stirs, then will move up and down and rotate in wax-pattern group immersion coating, so
After lift；It is even with writing brush type brush at piling, wax-pattern group is rationally rotated, the coating in wax-pattern group is relatively evenly covered one
Layer, when coating drippage is seldom, you can carry out stucco.
L3：Stucco, moves the constantly revolution and turned upside down of wax-pattern group so that coating and sand grains are evenly distributed during stucco,
It is important to anti-leak-stopping to spread or local floating sand wash, untill sand grains does not glue.
L4：Dry and harden, fusible pattern is after coating and stucco, and the dope layer fully must be dried and hardened, you can apply
Next layer is hung, then hardening is dried, so circulation is untill the required number of plies or required shell thickness.Surface shell must be close
Hardening is dried in joint sealing with ammonia, back-up coat shell, which must be then immersed in aluminum chloride aqueous solution, to be hardened.
Step 4：The shell made is entered into dewaxing process to be dewaxed, dewaxing uses steam dewaxing mode.
Step 5, Baking, the remaining wax material that Baking can be in burning-off shell, and change the binding agent in shell
The silicon oxygen bond connection of adult form structure, improves the intensity of shell, improves its high-temperature behavior.Shell is entered into stove at room temperature, quickly
Be warming up to 880 DEG C of highest sintering temperature, be incubated 2 hours, be finally furnace-cooled to less than 100 DEG C can take out cool down it is stand-by.Will roasting
In the sandbox that shell afterwards is encased in, then add sand, the sandbox for having added sand is transported on shake table, carry out vibration ramming.
Step 6, smelting and pouring, pouring position is transported to by the sandbox after vibration ramming, to pour into a mould, before cast, true
The docking port of blank pipe road and sandbox starts vacuum system and vacuumizes sandbox to connecting.Product alloy is poured into a mould into running gate system
Liquid.
Above-mentioned aluminium alloy Composition Control is：
C：0.4%, Al：0.2%, Ti：0.5%, Sc：0.08%, Co：0.08%, Mn：0.12%, Cu：0.08%, Sm：
0.06%, Mg：0.04%, Si：＜ 0.04%, P：＜ 0.02%, S：＜ 0.02%, N：0.001%-0.01%, surplus is Fe
With inevitable impurity.
The initial melting temperature of above-mentioned smelting and pouring is that the temperature of cast is adjusted after 435 DEG C, 10 minutes is 725 DEG C.
Step 7, casting polishing, the casting being prepared into is processed by shot blasting, alloy steel casting is prepared into.
Embodiment 2
Step 1, mould development, the present invention set mould using the vertical machining center lathe bed type CNC milling machines of VMCL 600
Tool, some precision components of such as auto parts machinery casting.
Step 2, molding, the wax-pattern that casting prepares product, that is, investment casting process are carried out using mould.Mould is configured first
Material, the component of mould material and the parts by weight of each component are as follows：36 parts by weight paraffin, 23 parts by weight octyl stearates, 23 parts by weight
Microwax, 16 weight parts of polyamide waxes, 15 weight account polyethylene waxes, 4 parts by weight SEBS, 1 parts by weight of xylene.
When configuring above-mentioned substance, using electrothermal water bath type melting appartus, concrete operation step is：
S1：Above-mentioned substance is weighed in proportion, above-mentioned substance is put into clean water bath stainless steel or aluminum cup, is led to
Electrofusion；
S2：After after the fusing of mould material, stir, mould material maximum temperature should be controlled at 90 DEG C or so；
S3：The mould material melted with 100-140 mesh screens, goes the removal of impurity；
S4：The mould material of filtering is poured into ingot bar, wax powder is then worn into；
S5：Pasty state mould material is tuned into after wax powder is melted stand-by.
After abrasive material is prepared, in the heat-preserving container for pouring into pressure cerate, cover closure and lock, open air pump injection air.
Then, in injection die mould, fusible pattern is taken out after condensation shaping at casting mouthful for mould material.The technological parameter that uses of pressure wax for：Pressure injection
Temperature：50 DEG C, die mould temperature：23 DEG C, Pressure Casting：1.0 atmospheric pressure, the dwell time is 1 minute.
Step 3, shell processed, shell manufacture include being coated with coating, stucco, hardening with drying.
The present invention is using Ludox as main binding agent, and electro-corundum, boron nitride, titanium nitride are main fire proofed wood
Material, polyvinyl alcohol, hydroxymethyl cellulose are that additional adhesive prepares shell.Specifically mainly comprise the following steps：
L1：Shell coating preparation, by the Main Refractory electro-corundum powder of shell coating, boron nitride, titanium nitride and
Ludox weight ratio is 3.5: 0.5: 0.3: 1, and former three is added in Ludox glue, adds the deionized water of 0.8 parts by weight,
Half an hour is stirred, the polyvinyl alcohol of 0.2 parts by weight and the hydroxymethyl cellulose of 0.3 parts by weight is then added.In order to improve table
Investment precoat is coated with performance, needs to add the surfactant of 0.2% parts by weight during configuration, but can roll up when now coating is stirred
Enter substantial amounts of gas and make increased air bubble, therefore the n-octyl alcohol defoamer that need to add 0.3% parts by weight simultaneously removes desurfacing coating
Bubble.
L2：Shell is hung, when hanging shell, first coating stirs, then will move up and down and rotate in wax-pattern group immersion coating, so
After lift；It is even with writing brush type brush at piling, wax-pattern group is rationally rotated, the coating in wax-pattern group is relatively evenly covered one
Layer, when coating drippage is seldom, you can carry out stucco.
L3：Stucco, moves the constantly revolution and turned upside down of wax-pattern group so that coating and sand grains are evenly distributed during stucco,
It is important to anti-leak-stopping to spread or local floating sand wash, untill sand grains does not glue.
L4：Dry and harden, fusible pattern is after coating and stucco, and the dope layer fully must be dried and hardened, you can apply
Next layer is hung, then hardening is dried, so circulation is untill the required number of plies or required shell thickness.Surface shell must be close
Hardening is dried in joint sealing with ammonia, back-up coat shell, which must be then immersed in aluminum chloride aqueous solution, to be hardened.
Step 4：The shell made is entered into dewaxing process to be dewaxed, dewaxing uses steam dewaxing mode.
Step 5, Baking, the remaining wax material that Baking can be in burning-off shell, and change the binding agent in shell
The silicon oxygen bond connection of adult form structure, improves the intensity of shell, improves its high-temperature behavior.Shell is entered into stove at room temperature, quickly
Be warming up to 870 DEG C of highest sintering temperature, be incubated 1.5 hours, be finally furnace-cooled to less than 100 DEG C can take out cool down it is stand-by.Will roasting
In the sandbox that shell after burning is encased in, then add sand, the sandbox for having added sand is transported on shake table, carry out vibration ramming.
Step 6, smelting and pouring, pouring position is transported to by the sandbox after vibration ramming, to pour into a mould, before cast, true
The docking port of blank pipe road and sandbox starts vacuum system and vacuumizes sandbox to connecting.Product alloy is poured into a mould into running gate system
Liquid.
Above-mentioned aluminium alloy Composition Control is：C：0.6%, Al：0.3%, Ti：0.4%, Sc：0.04%, Co：0.0%, Mn：
0.13%, Cu：0.08%, Sm：0.04%, Mg：0.05%, Si：＜ 0.04%, P：＜ 0.02%, S：＜ 0.02%, N：
0.001%-0.01%, surplus is Fe and inevitable impurity.
The initial melting temperature of above-mentioned smelting and pouring is that the temperature of cast is adjusted after 440 DEG C, 10 minutes is 750 DEG C.
Step 7, casting polishing, the casting being prepared into is processed by shot blasting, alloy steel casting is prepared into.
Embodiment 3
Step 1, mould development, the present invention set mould using the vertical machining center lathe bed type CNC milling machines of VMCL 600
Tool, some precision components of such as auto parts machinery casting.
Step 2, molding, the wax-pattern that casting prepares product, that is, investment casting process are carried out using mould.Mould is configured first
Material, the component of mould material and the parts by weight of each component are as follows：
36 parts by weight paraffin, 24 parts by weight octyl stearates, 22 parts by weight microwaxes, 14 weight parts of polyamide waxes, 13 weights
Measure part Tissuemat E, 3 parts by weight SEBS, 1 parts by weight of xylene.
When configuring above-mentioned substance, using electrothermal water bath type melting appartus, concrete operation step is：
S1：Above-mentioned substance is weighed in proportion, above-mentioned substance is put into clean water bath stainless steel or aluminum cup, is led to
Electrofusion；
S2：After after the fusing of mould material, stir, mould material maximum temperature should be controlled at 90 DEG C or so；
S3：The mould material melted with 100-140 mesh screens, goes the removal of impurity；
S4：The mould material of filtering is poured into ingot bar, wax powder is then worn into；
S5：Pasty state mould material is tuned into after wax powder is melted stand-by.
After abrasive material is prepared, in the heat-preserving container for pouring into pressure cerate, cover closure and lock, open air pump injection air.
Then, in injection die mould, fusible pattern is taken out after condensation shaping at casting mouthful for mould material.The technological parameter that uses of pressure wax for：Pressure injection
Temperature：48 DEG C, die mould temperature：20 DEG C, Pressure Casting：1.3 atmospheric pressure, the dwell time is 1.5 minutes.
Step 3, shell processed, shell manufacture include being coated with coating, stucco, hardening with drying.
The present invention is using Ludox as main binding agent, and electro-corundum, boron nitride, titanium nitride are main fire proofed wood
Material, polyvinyl alcohol, hydroxymethyl cellulose are that additional adhesive prepares shell.Specifically mainly comprise the following steps：
L1：Shell coating preparation, by the Main Refractory electro-corundum powder of shell coating, boron nitride, titanium nitride and
Ludox weight ratio is 3.5: 0.5: 0.3: 1, and former three is added in Ludox glue, adds the deionized water of 1.2 parts by weight,
Half an hour is stirred, the polyvinyl alcohol of 0.2 parts by weight and the hydroxymethyl cellulose of 0.3 parts by weight is then added.In order to improve table
Investment precoat is coated with performance, needs to add the surfactant of 0.1% parts by weight during configuration, but can roll up when now coating is stirred
Enter substantial amounts of gas and make increased air bubble, therefore the n-octyl alcohol defoamer that need to add 0.2% parts by weight simultaneously removes desurfacing coating
Bubble.
L2：Shell is hung, when hanging shell, first coating stirs, then will move up and down and rotate in wax-pattern group immersion coating, so
After lift；It is even with writing brush type brush at piling, wax-pattern group is rationally rotated, the coating in wax-pattern group is relatively evenly covered one
Layer, when coating drippage is seldom, you can carry out stucco.
L3：Stucco, moves the constantly revolution and turned upside down of wax-pattern group so that coating and sand grains are evenly distributed during stucco,
It is important to anti-leak-stopping to spread or local floating sand wash, untill sand grains does not glue.
L4：Dry and harden, fusible pattern is after coating and stucco, and the dope layer fully must be dried and hardened, you can apply
Next layer is hung, then hardening is dried, so circulation is untill the required number of plies or required shell thickness.Surface shell must be close
Hardening is dried in joint sealing with ammonia, back-up coat shell, which must be then immersed in aluminum chloride aqueous solution, to be hardened.
Step 4：The shell made is entered into dewaxing process to be dewaxed, dewaxing uses steam dewaxing mode.
Step 5, Baking, the remaining wax material that Baking can be in burning-off shell, and change the binding agent in shell
The silicon oxygen bond connection of adult form structure, improves the intensity of shell, improves its high-temperature behavior.Shell is entered into stove at room temperature, quickly
Be warming up to 865 DEG C of highest sintering temperature, be incubated 2 hours, be finally furnace-cooled to less than 100 DEG C can take out cool down it is stand-by.Will roasting
In the sandbox that shell afterwards is encased in, then add sand, the sandbox for having added sand is transported on shake table, carry out vibration ramming.
Step 6, smelting and pouring, pouring position is transported to by the sandbox after vibration ramming, to pour into a mould, before cast, true
The docking port of blank pipe road and sandbox starts vacuum system and vacuumizes sandbox to connecting.Product alloy is poured into a mould into running gate system
Liquid.
Above-mentioned aluminium alloy Composition Control is：C：0.5%, Al：0.2%, Ti：0.5%, Sc：0.06%, Co：0.06%,
Mn：0.16%, Cu：0.08%, Sm：0.04%, Mg：0.08%, Si：＜ 0.04%, P：＜ 0.02%, S：＜ 0.02%, N：
0.001%-0.01%, surplus is Fe and inevitable impurity.
The initial melting temperature of above-mentioned smelting and pouring is that the temperature of cast is adjusted after 445 DEG C, 10 minutes is 745 DEG C.
Step 7, casting polishing, the casting being prepared into is processed by shot blasting, alloy steel casting is prepared into.
The explanation of above example is only intended to the method and its core concept for helping to understand the present invention.It should be pointed out that pair
, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, can also be to present invention progress for those skilled in the art
Some improvement and modification, these are improved and modification is also fallen into the protection domain of the claims in the present invention.
The foregoing description of the disclosed embodiments, enables professional and technical personnel in the field to realize or using the present invention.
A variety of modifications to these embodiments will be apparent for those skilled in the art, as defined herein
General Principle can be realized in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention.Therefore, it is of the invention
The embodiments shown herein is not intended to be limited to, and is to fit to and principles disclosed herein and features of novelty phase one
The most wide scope caused.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of investment precision casting technology, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
Step a) pours into mould material in heat-preserving container, sealing, and injection air carries out pressure injection, and pressure injection temperature is 45-50 DEG C, Pressure Casting
For 0.5-1.5 atmospheric pressure；
Mould material is injected in die mould, wax-pattern is obtained after condensation shaping, pressurize temperature is 20-25 DEG C, and the dwell time is 1-4 minutes,
The mould material includes：30-40 parts by weight paraffin, 15-30 parts by weight octyl stearate, 20-25 parts by weight microwax, 10-20 weights
Amount part polyamide wax, 10-18 weight account polyethylenes wax, 2-5 parts by weight SEBS, 1 parts by weight of xylene,
The mould material is prepared as follows：
Step S1) 30-40 parts by weight paraffin, 15-30 parts by weight octyl stearate, 20-25 parts by weight microwax, 10-20 is heavy
Part polyamide wax is measured, 10-18 weight account polyethylenes wax, 2-5 parts by weight SEBS and the melting of 1 parts by weight of xylene stir；
Step S2) utilize the mould material of the obtained meltings of 100-140 mesh screen steps S1；
Step S3) the mould material after filtering is poured into ingot bar, grinding after obtain wax powder；
Step S4) pasty state mould material will be tuned into after wax powder melting；
The wax-pattern is placed in coating by step b) to be impregnated, and makes coating uniform fold in wax pattern surface, then stucco is reinforced, done
Shell is obtained after dry, hardening, the coating includes：Ludox, electro-corundum, cubic boron nitride, titanium nitride, polyvinyl alcohol, hydroxyl
Methylcellulose, deionized water, surfactant and defoamer, the coating are prepared as follows：By 3.5 parts by weight electricity
Molten corundum, 0.5 parts by weight cubic boron nitride, 0.3 parts by weight titanium nitride are added in 1 parts by weight Ludox, then add 0.5-2 weights
Measure part deionized water, 0.2 weight account polyethylene alcohol, 0.3 parts by weight hydroxymethyl cellulose, 0.1-0.2 parts surfactants
With 0.2-0.3 parts by weight defoamers, coating is obtained after stirring,
The drying, cure step are specially：
Wax-pattern after stucco is reinforced is dried and hardened, and is then coated with next layer, hardening is dried again, thickness is so recycled to
Spend for 2 centimetres, hardening is dried in surface layer in seal box with ammonia, back-up coat is hard using being carried out in immersion aluminum chloride aqueous solution
The mode of change；
The shell is carried out steam dewaxing, roasting by step c), and calcination stepses are specially：
Shell after steam dewaxing is rapidly heated to 850-900 DEG C, 1-2 hours are incubated, cooling；
Step d) is poured into a mould into the shell after roasting and casting is obtained after aluminium alloy, solidification, and the aluminium alloy includes：
C：0.3-0.6wt%, Al：0.1-0.3wt%, Ti：0.4-0.6wt%, Sc：0.04-0.14wt%, Co：0.05-
0.12wt%, Mn：0.1-0.16wt%, Cu：0.08-0.12wt%, Sm：0.04-0.1wt%, Mg：0.04-0.08wt%,
Si：＜ 0.04wt%, P：＜ 0.02wt%, S：＜ 0.02wt%, N：0.001%-0.01wt%, surplus is Fe and inevitable
Impurity.
2. investment precision casting technology according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the mould material includes：
33-38 parts by weight paraffin, 20-27 parts by weight octyl stearate, 21-24 parts by weight microwax, 12-18 weight parts of polyamide
Wax, 12-16 weight account polyethylenes wax, 3-4 parts by weight SEBS, 1 parts by weight of xylene.
3. the investment precision casting technology according to claim 1~2 any one, it is characterised in that in step d, initially
Pouring temperature is that adjustment pouring temperature is 720-750 DEG C after 435-450 DEG C, 10 minutes.
4. the investment precision casting technology according to claim 1~2 any one, it is characterised in that also include：
Obtained casting is processed by shot blasting, alloy steel casting is formed.
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| CN105945227A (en) * | 2016-06-20 | 2016-09-21 | 安徽宜安精密机械零部件有限公司 | Precise casting technology for fusion mold |
| CN106513575A (en) * | 2016-09-29 | 2017-03-22 | 广西大学 | Manufacturing method of precise casting mold |
| CN106493296A (en) * | 2016-10-24 | 2017-03-15 | 广西大学 | A kind of shell manufacture method of hot investment casting |
| CN106734915A (en) * | 2017-01-05 | 2017-05-31 | 重庆市九明机械制造有限公司 | The precision casting process of casting |
| CN107442746B (en) * | 2017-06-28 | 2020-04-21 | 宁波乾豪金属制品有限公司 | Preparation method of traction cable sleeve |
| CN107617719A (en) * | 2017-10-12 | 2018-01-23 | 东风精密铸造安徽有限公司 | A kind of casting wax mould manufacture craft |
| CN107774920A (en) * | 2017-10-26 | 2018-03-09 | 东方电气集团东方汽轮机有限公司 | A kind of method for solving ceramic shell and being ftractureed in dewaxing process |
| CN108015231A (en) * | 2017-12-19 | 2018-05-11 | 江西瑞冠精密铸造有限公司 | A kind of investment precision casting technology |
| CN108115089B (en) * | 2017-12-23 | 2019-09-06 | 安徽鑫宏机械有限公司 | A kind of fusible pattern pinion stand shell preparation process based on compound wax-pattern |
| EP3936320B1 (en) * | 2019-03-08 | 2023-12-06 | Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation | Method for producing fiber reinforced plastic product |
| CN109880697A (en) * | 2019-03-13 | 2019-06-14 | 东莞理工学院 | A kind of special type candle wax material and special type candle |
| CN111570719A (en) * | 2020-05-20 | 2020-08-25 | 无锡卡仕精密科技有限公司 | Silica sol modified coating for precision casting |
| CN111961336B (en) * | 2020-07-21 | 2023-01-31 | 天津金发新材料有限公司 | Infrared-transmitting polyamide composition and preparation method thereof |
| CN113150564A (en) * | 2021-04-16 | 2021-07-23 | 东莞理工学院 | Investment casting mold material for casting ornaments and preparation method thereof |
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