CN104542148A - Ecological prevention method for alien invasive plants of forests in southern China - Google Patents
Ecological prevention method for alien invasive plants of forests in southern China Download PDFInfo
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- CN104542148A CN104542148A CN201410739087.4A CN201410739087A CN104542148A CN 104542148 A CN104542148 A CN 104542148A CN 201410739087 A CN201410739087 A CN 201410739087A CN 104542148 A CN104542148 A CN 104542148A
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- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 101
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 241000723346 Cinnamomum camphora Species 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 241000208140 Acer Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000007763 Castanea pumila Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 244000025797 Castanea pumila Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 240000003537 Ficus benghalensis Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 241000371484 Machilus nanmu Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 240000007817 Olea europaea Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 244000083012 Ipomoea cairica Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 241001440840 Mikania micrantha Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 244000104272 Bidens pilosa Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010662 Bidens pilosa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000009545 invasion Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003053 toxin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000075898 Lantana strigocamara Species 0.000 claims 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000008886 Castanea henryi Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 240000002064 Castanea henryi Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 241000723347 Cinnamomum Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 241001337046 Elaeocarpus balansae Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 240000001668 Ficus lacor Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 241000927507 Heteropanax fragrans Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 241001337998 Machilus Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 241000838213 Machilus breviflora Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 241001096707 Machilus chinensis Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 241000207836 Olea <angiosperm> Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 241000003832 Lantana Species 0.000 description 8
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 5
- CCGSUNCLSOWKJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N cimetidine Chemical compound N#CNC(=N/C)\NCCSCC1=NC=N[C]1C CCGSUNCLSOWKJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229960001380 cimetidine Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241001473283 Mikania Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000688197 Pilosa Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003449 preventive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 108010022579 ATP dependent 26S protease Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000798443 Hornodermoporus martius Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010534 mechanism of action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G23/00—Forestry
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
- Y02A90/40—Monitoring or fighting invasive species
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an ecological prevention method for alien invasive plants of forests in southern China. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, removing dead tree-shrubs and/or scattered invasive plants; secondly, planting multiple local trees namely elaeocarpus balansae, olives, machilus breviflora, heteropanax fragrans, machilus chinensis, ficus virens, machilus grifsii hance, camphor trees, cinnamomum burmanni or castanea henryi on an open space in a forest community in a uniformly mixing mode, and performing stand improvement; finally, performing necessary cultivation management on trees which are newly planted in the preliminary stage of stand improvement, removing dead individuals in time, and replanting the trees. According to the method, the invasive plants, particularly sun herb, vine or shrub invasive plants, can be effectively prevented from spreading and breaking out specific to the forest community which is not damaged by the invasive plants temporarily or even a forest ecological system in which the invasive plants invade the border of the forest land to cause a threat; moreover, the diversity of plants in the forest community can be achieved, and the method has great and profound significance in the sustainable development of the forests in the southern China and the improvement of the economic benefit.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the ecological prevention technique field of Alien Invasive Plants.More specifically, the ecological prevention method of south China forest Alien Invasive Plants is related to.
Background technology
Alien Invasive Plants refer to certain plants accidentally or consciously, be introduced in outside normal distribution region, settle down and endanger the bio-diversity on invasion ground, ecotope, habitat and human health or living environment.The facility of economic globalization and Modern Traffic accelerates propagation and the expansion of instruction plant, Alien Invasive Plants has become one of the most serious environmental problem in the whole world, along with increasing instruction plant is at China's Perenniporia martius rapid spread, instruction plant serious the 26S Proteasome Structure and Function of the ecosystem that jeopardizes forests.China is very serious by instruction plant harm, and caused huge economic loss, to 2008, China had 286 kinds of Lu Sheng Alien Invasive Plants, and the loss caused by instruction plant is every year up to 20,000,000,000.Instruction plant is especially Guangdong, Fujian rapid spread in southeast each province, serious harm China Tropical and subtropical forest ecosystem.They, by being wound around, strangling or cover local vegetation tree crown, affect the photosynthesis of trees and finally cause tree death; Instruction plant is competed on earth's surface and trees seedling simultaneously, finally causes trees seedling to disappear completely, if do not take measures to develop as one pleases, Forest Evolution System can be degenerated rapidly, finally becomes a slice wasteland.
The control device of carrying out for instruction plant mostly at present is artificial or mechanical removal and chemical control, but in the face of instruction plant harm and spread, be only that to endanger serious instruction plant be inadequate in passive removing.Before Alien Invasive Plants destroys forest ecosystem, initiatively prevent it to invade, the outburst of final prevention instruction plant is extremely necessary.Only have the prevention realizing Alien Invasive Plants, really could control instruction plant.
Little to the Prevention Research of instruction plant at present, mainly rest on theoretical research, only rest on the stage (inspection and quarantine etc. as exotic plant) stoping instruction plant to be introduced in the prevention of actual instruction plant, possibility is introduced for instruction plant large, or occurred introducing the ecosystem of even hiding, also do not carry out the research about prevention technique.And due to instruction plant ecology prevention complexity, have very complicated delicate correlation between different plants, the forest of different regions, different instruction plants, the method for Control and prevention does not have repeatability, use for reference property very low.Therefore, along with the seriousness increase of instruction plant harm and the defect of instruction plant prevention technique, effectively instruction plant is prevented in the urgent need to developing a kind of new practical technique.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is the defect and the deficiency that overcome the ecological prevention technique of existing forest instruction plant, the present invention is based on forest community Theory on Succession, relate to the application of group's transformation in instruction plant prevention in ecology, object prevents instruction plant from forest ecosystem, spreading outburst and continue diffusion in advance; The ecological prevention method of a kind of south China forest Alien Invasive Plants is provided, for the forest community not temporarily being subject to instruction plant harm, especially for the forest ecosystem finding that there is instruction plant intrusion edge, forest land threat or hide, before instruction plant outburst, specific local indigenous tree species is used to carry out stand improvement to forest community, realize effectively containment instruction plant to spread, reach the object of prevention Alien Invasive Plants.
Another object of the present invention is to provide the application of described ecological prevention method in the Alien Invasive Plants prevention of forest.
Above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
An ecological prevention method for forest Alien Invasive Plants, step is as follows:
S1. withered shrub and/or fragmentary Alien Invasive Plants is removed;
For the forest community not being subject to instruction plant invasion danger temporarily, remove the shrub that nature is withered; And for exist instruction plant hide threaten forest community, remove the fragmentary instruction plant of border and withered shrub;
S2. stand improvement: that plants in the large Ye Duying of local tree species, olive, short sequence Machilus nanmu, heavy curtain umbrella maple, China Resources nanmu, great Ye banyan, withered tree, camphor tree, cloudy fragrant or chinquapin in forest community is several Homogeneous phase mixing; Ensure arbor specific diversity and even density in forest;
S3. final-period management: after stand improvement, carries out necessary cultivation management to the arbor of new plantation, and removes withered individuality in time and reseed.
Present invention also offers above-mentioned ecological prevention method in the application preventing Alien Invasive Plants from invading and in outburst.Especially for draft, the instruction plant such as liana or shrub of positive natural disposition.
Preferably, for instruction plant refer to Ipomoea cairica (
ipomoea cairica), lantana (
lantana camaralinn), Mikania micrantha (
mikania microtha), bidens pilosa (
biodens pilosa) in one or more.
The present invention is by large quantifier elimination, exploration and long-term experimental verification, construct the ecological prevention method of above-mentioned forest Alien Invasive Plants, especially for South China's forest community, can very efficiently, put things right once and for all, control in Ipomoea cairica, lantana, Mikania micrantha, bidens pilosa one or more instruction plants simultaneously, prevent it to spread and break out.
For machine-processed aspect, inventor thinks that the branches and leaves in great numbers of the group that may be through stand improvement have covered sunlight at first, makes the liana of these positive natural disposition draft classes or shrub instruction plant to carry out normal photosynthesis and vital movement.But, through large quantifier elimination and exploration, the present inventor finds, the mechanism of action not only that, because to find to only have in plantation local tree species of the present invention large Ye Duying, olive, short sequence Machilus nanmu, heavy curtain umbrella maple, China Resources nanmu, great Ye banyan, withered tree, camphor tree, cloudy fragrant or chinquapin several just can reach described effect for inventor, more complicated ecological factor and composite factor may be there is in the middle of this, because different floristics, different miscegenation modes or even different plantation spacing, its niche formed has essential difference.Concrete reason and influence factor inventor are also in the middle of studying further and exploring.
In addition, preferably, remove described in step S1 can adopt mechanical removal, manually remove or spray low-toxin farm chemicals remove.
Preferably, the mode of planting described in step S2 is upset at random several in large Ye Duying, olive, short sequence Machilus nanmu, heavy curtain umbrella maple, China Resources nanmu, great Ye banyan, withered tree, camphor tree, cloudy fragrant or chinquapin, plants according to the spacing of 4 ~ 6m between every two.
Specifically can adopt and plant in vacant lot, if at 4 ~ 6m spacing place without vacant lot, can deviation 1 ~ 2m a little, or remove original inessential vegetation and reserve vacant lot.
The present invention has following beneficial effect:
The present invention, by large quantifier elimination and exploration, constructs a kind of ecological prevention method of forest Alien Invasive Plants, first removes withered shrub or instruction plant; That plants in the large Ye Duying of local tree species, olive, short sequence Machilus nanmu, heavy curtain umbrella maple, China Resources nanmu, great Ye banyan, withered tree, camphor tree, cloudy fragrant or chinquapin again in forest community is several Homogeneous phase mixing, carries out stand improvement; The stand improvement initial stage carries out necessary cultivation management to the new arbor planted, and removes withered individuality in time and reseed.The method is for the forest community not temporarily being subject to instruction plant harm, or even the forest ecosystem finding that there is instruction plant intrusion edge, forest land threat and hide, especially for the invasion draft of the positive natural disposition such as Ipomoea cairica, lantana, Mikania micrantha, bidens pilosa, liana or shrub, spreading and breaking out of instruction plant can effectively be contained.
The method once and for all can not only suppress harm and the outburst of all instruction plants of prevention simultaneously, and vegetation efficiency is high, the diversity of forest community improves greatly, has important and far-reaching meaning to the sustainable development of South China forest and the raising of economic benefit.
In addition, the technology of the present invention operation and management simply, can large scale applications.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is forest community situation after the ecological prevention method of enforcement the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the forest community situation that same time periphery does not implement the ecological prevention method place of the present invention.
Embodiment
Further illustrate the present invention below in conjunction with Figure of description and specific embodiment, but embodiment does not limit in any form to the present invention.Unless stated otherwise, the present invention adopts reagent, method and apparatus are the art conventional reagent, method and apparatus.
Unless stated otherwise, agents useful for same of the present invention and material are commercial.
embodiment 1
The present embodiment prevents and remarkable achievement in conjunction with the instruction plant ecology that Cimetidine tablets National forest park is carried out, and the present invention is described in detail.
1, sample plot background
Implementing place is Cimetidine tablets middle school Hou Shan, height above sea level 33m.Investigation in 2008 finds, exist fragmentary Ipomoea cairica (
ipomoea cairica), lantana (
lantana camaralinn), Mikania micrantha (
mikania microtha), bidens pilosa (
biodens pilosa) etc.; There is the danger of instruction plant outburst.
2, ecological prevention is implemented
2008, on investigation ground, choose one piece of region and carry out ecology prevention (while periphery not processing region in contrast):
S1. withered shrub and the fragmentary instruction plant of border is removed;
S2. stand improvement: plant the large Ye Duying of local tree species, olive, short sequence Machilus nanmu, heavy curtain umbrella maple, China Resources nanmu, great Ye banyan, withered tree, camphor tree, cloudy fragrant and chinquapin in forest community Homogeneous phase mixing; Ensure arbor specific diversity and even density in forest;
Specifically large Ye Duying, olive, short sequence Machilus nanmu, heavy curtain umbrella maple, China Resources nanmu, great Ye banyan, withered tree, camphor tree, cloudy fragrant and chinquapin are upset at random, plant at vacant lot place according to the spacing of 4 ~ 6m between every two.If at 4 ~ 6m spacing place without vacant lot, remove original inessential vegetation and reserve vacant lot to plant;
S3. final-period management: the stand improvement initial stage carries out necessary cultivation management to the new arbor planted, and removes withered individuality in time and reseed.
3, preventive effect
In March, 2013, experiment place is investigated.Investigation and statistics are as shown in figure 1 and 2.Fig. 1 is forest community situation after the ecological prevention method of enforcement the present invention; The local tree species for carrying out group's house of correction plantation shown in figure, visible group does not endanger by instruction plant.Fig. 2 is the forest community situation that same time periphery does not implement the ecological prevention method place of the present invention; Instruction plant breaks out in a large number, and the invaded vegetal cover of arbor is even dead.
Result shows, the forest of implementing the ecological prevention method of the present invention does not threaten by harmful instruction plant, and the forest that the periphery of contrast does not implement prevention technique is serious by harmful instruction plant harm, especially lantana and Mikania micrantha.And implement the forest community arbor individuality of prevention process, kind and diversity and be all significantly higher than periphery control zone.
embodiment 2
The present embodiment carries out the prevention of instruction plant ecology to another sheet wood land of Cimetidine tablets.
1, sample plot background
Implementing place is Cimetidine tablets middle school Hou Shan, height above sea level 33m.Investigation in 2008 finds, does not temporarily find any instruction plant.
2, ecological prevention is implemented
2008, on investigation ground, choose one piece of region and carry out ecology prevention (while periphery not processing region in contrast):
S1. the shrub that nature is withered is removed;
S2. stand improvement: plant the large Ye Duying of local tree species, olive, short sequence Machilus nanmu, heavy curtain umbrella maple, China Resources nanmu, great Ye banyan, withered tree, camphor tree, cloudy fragrant and chinquapin in forest community Homogeneous phase mixing; Ensure arbor specific diversity and even density in forest;
Specifically large Ye Duying, olive, short sequence Machilus nanmu, heavy curtain umbrella maple, China Resources nanmu, great Ye banyan, withered tree, camphor tree, cloudy fragrant and chinquapin are upset at random, plant at vacant lot place according to the spacing of 4 ~ 6m between every two.If at 4 ~ 6m spacing place without vacant lot, remove original inessential vegetation and reserve vacant lot;
S3. final-period management: the stand improvement initial stage carries out necessary cultivation management to the new arbor planted, and removes withered individuality in time and reseed.
3, preventive effect
In March, 2013, experiment place is investigated.Result shows, the forest of implementing the ecological prevention method of the present invention does not threaten by harmful instruction plant, and the forest that the periphery of contrast does not implement prevention technique is serious by instruction plant harm, especially lantana and Mikania micrantha.And implement the forest community arbor individuality of prevention process, kind and diversity and be all significantly higher than periphery control zone.
Claims (8)
1. an ecological prevention method for forest Alien Invasive Plants, it is characterized in that, step is as follows:
S1. withered shrub and/or fragmentary instruction plant is removed;
S2. stand improvement: that plants in the large Ye Duying of local tree species, olive, short sequence Machilus nanmu, heavy curtain umbrella maple, China Resources nanmu, great Ye banyan, withered tree, camphor tree, cloudy fragrant or chinquapin in original forest community is several Homogeneous phase mixing;
S3. final-period management: after stand improvement, carries out cultivation management to the arbor of new plantation, and removes withered individuality in time and reseed.
2. the ecological prevention method of forest Alien Invasive Plants according to claim 1, is characterized in that, removes and can adopt mechanical removal, manually removes or spray low-toxin farm chemicals and remove described in step S1.
3. the ecological prevention method of forest Alien Invasive Plants according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the mode of planting described in step S2 is upset at random several in large Ye Duying, olive, short sequence Machilus nanmu, heavy curtain umbrella maple, China Resources nanmu, great Ye banyan, withered tree, camphor tree, cloudy fragrant or chinquapin, plants according to the spacing of 4 ~ 6m between every two.
4. the ecological prevention method of forest Alien Invasive Plants according to claim 3, is characterized in that, the mode of described plantation is that the vacant lot in forest community is planted, if at 4 ~ 6m spacing place without vacant lot, can plant in the vacant lot of deviation 1 ~ 2m.
5. the ecological prevention method of forest Alien Invasive Plants according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, the mode of described plantation is that the vacant lot in forest community is planted, if at 4 ~ 6m spacing place without vacant lot, then remove the original vegetation in this place and reserve vacant lot, plant.
6. the application of ecological prevention method in the invasion preventing Alien Invasive Plants in forest and outburst of the arbitrary described forest Alien Invasive Plants of Claims 1 to 5.
7. apply according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, described Alien Invasive Plants refers to the draft of positive natural disposition, liana or shrub instruction plant.
8. apply according to claim 7, it is characterized in that, described Alien Invasive Plants refers to one or more in lantana, Ipomoea cairica, Mikania micrantha or bidens pilosa.
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| CN109168806A (en) * | 2018-09-07 | 2019-01-11 | 中山大学 | A method of Mikania micrantha is controlled using eciophyte allelopathy |
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| CN105760678A (en) * | 2016-02-24 | 2016-07-13 | 中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所 | Forest ecological benefit distributed measuring and calculating method and system |
| CN105961373A (en) * | 2016-05-16 | 2016-09-28 | 仲恺农业工程学院 | Method for inhibiting mikania micrantha in non-forest land with little tillage or no tillage and without artificial irrigation by using high-stalk grass |
| CN105961373B (en) * | 2016-05-16 | 2019-03-15 | 仲恺农业工程学院 | Method for inhibiting mikania micrantha in non-forest land with little tillage or no tillage and without artificial irrigation by using high-stalk grass |
| CN106376427A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-08 | 佛山市林业科学研究所 | Construction method of urban environmental protection forest |
| CN106376427B (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2020-04-28 | 佛山市林业科学研究所 | Construction method of urban environment protection forest |
| CN108934890A (en) * | 2018-04-26 | 2018-12-07 | 中山大学 | The method of bionomic control Mikania micrantha |
| CN109168801A (en) * | 2018-08-01 | 2019-01-11 | 华南师范大学 | Leguminous forage controls the substitution in Mikania micrantha invasion orchard habitat |
| CN109168806A (en) * | 2018-09-07 | 2019-01-11 | 中山大学 | A method of Mikania micrantha is controlled using eciophyte allelopathy |
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