CN104541109A - 室内空气包容度的监控方法,相关环境装置及操纵台 - Google Patents
室内空气包容度的监控方法,相关环境装置及操纵台 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种房间内部环境包容度的监控方法,它包括包容指数I的测定(根据一个预定时间段内CO2含量的测量值获得),以及随CO2含量变化的包容度缩减量的测定。根据本发明,我们可借助至少一个配备校准装置的人体感应器,测定室内环境的占用时间,该感应器可从占用阈值开始,在人员出现时启动。本发明也涉及一种专为完成包容指数I计算而特别配置的装置。
Description
技术领域
本发明与室内环境的监控方法及装置领域有关。
“室内环境”,指的是在如房间等与室外的气体交换受到限制的封闭空间的环境。
某一房间内所呈现的空气质量,同时取决于室外空气的质量及该房间的特性。污染物的内部来源,是人的存在(人的生物代谢物,如微生物、挥发性有机化合物)及人类的活动(例如,烟草产生的烟雾、挥发性有机化合物)。而其外部来源,可能来自可排放如一氧化碳、二氧化氮及乙醛等污染物的燃烧设备;或可释放如甲醛、挥发性有机化合物或纤维的建筑或室内装饰材料。另外,建筑物的湿度状况也可能有利于如螨虫变应原或霉变等微生物污染物的生长。这些可被人体吸入的物质,可能因其气味而单纯引起不适或轻度发炎。但特别是在呼吸系统处于发育阶段或呼吸系统较为脆弱的高危人群中,如儿童、老年人或病人中,它们也可能导致如哮喘等病症。它们还可能导致急性中毒或癌症等严重的病症。
在这一领域中,包括如二氧化碳(CO2)传感器在内的各类传感器设备通常是由室内环境暴露评估专业人员使用的。
背景技术
通过文档FR2945335,我们了解到一种建筑物室内空气包容度监控用方法及装置。但是,其所提及的方法及装置的基础,是计算在已经申报占用的时间期间的包容指数。
此系统适用于学校和幼儿园,它们均是可充分获得在场人员情况等信息的机构。尽管如此,在占用相关建筑后,在场人员的申报往往是不好采集的,且在某些情况下,是无法获得确保其确切数值,从而无法确保包容指数的精确计算的。
该方法已经提及使用一个可启动CO2测量的人体感应器。但是,其无法令人完全满意,因为探测仅可在环境被单独一名人员突然占用时进行,而这会使得计算出现错误,因为包容度的计算必须是针对儿童所接受的中具备代表性的。但实际上,人体感应器无法获知房间内出现的人员数量。
发明内容
本发明的目的,在于纠正技术方面的缺陷并提供一种室内环境包容的监控方法,它包括:
-包容指数I的测定,包括
i)在已确定的占用时间内,以一个固定的时间间隔,测量CO2的含量,
ii)在CO2含量测量结束时,通过上述测量值确定包容指数I,
iii)重复i)和ii);
-从CO2含量的测量值超过预先确定的阈值S2开始,至CO2含量等于预先确定的阈值S1(小于S2)前包容程度的缩减量,在测量CO2含量期间,一旦CO2的测量值超过阈值S2,即开始此包容度缩减量的测量。
从第一点出发,我们将使用至少一个人体感应器确定室内环境的占用时间,此感应器安装有一个校准装置,可从占用阈值开始,在人员出现时启动。这样,在测定超过预先确定的阈值时,依照本发明的方法可进行指数的评估。
“占用时间”,指的是至少一名自然人出现在受监控房间内的时间长度。占有阈值最好等于该房间室内理论容纳人数的一半。为此,将在人体感应器上安装一个校准装置,它将可在人员长期出现时启动。这样,在CO2的测量和/或包容指数的计算中,可不考虑低于阈值的检测值。
例如,占用时间可通过单独一个人体感应器,在预先确定的时间阈值内确定。
已经相互连接和/或配备计算工具的多个感应器,可更方便的测定占用时间。
作为一种替代方案,占用时间也可使用多个感应器进行评估,这些感应器安装于受监控房间内的不同地点,从而进行更可靠的测定。
根据另一种替代方案,感应器的信息将根据主–从法则进行分级。当然,在不脱离本发明范围的前提下,也可以采用其他的分级方式。
以上提及的至少一个感应器最好为被动式红外线传感器。
相关测量方法最好包括一个传输作业,以便将这些与指数I有关数据传输至远程管理中心。
本发明同样涉及一种采用前文所述的方法,进行室内空气包容度监控的装置;该装置包括一个CO2传感器、多种数据记录工具、多类计算工具并最好提供信号设备,其特点是已被连接至至少一个人体感应器上,此感应器安装有一个校准装置,可从占用阈值开始,在人员出现时启动。
依照其一种替代方案,该装置还可配备至少一个温度传感器、湿度传感器和/或压力传感器。
本发明的另一个目标,由一台便携式环境操纵台,它包括一个房间室内环境包容度监控装置,该装置配有一个CO2传感器和多种数据记录工具,该装置的配置使其可计算包容指数I,其特点是其配有多种信息显示工具,可对室内环境的包容度信息进行回溯。
对于如前文所述的移动式环境操纵台,其最好配有信号设备,建议最好为LED指示灯式,从而对室内的通风状况进行实时管理。
因此,该装置的设计优先考虑对房间内部空气包容度的监控。通过LED指示灯,它将可对房间内的通风状况进行实时管理。通过对历史数据的回溯显示,本发明可方便的了解在整个夜晚期间,空气包容度的变化情况。
附图说明
本发明的其他特点、详情和优势在于对说明的解释,参见附录中的图1A和1B,它们说明了在教室内两个平行放置的人体感应器上,运动百分比的变化情况。图1A与第一天8时至18时有关,而图1B是与第二天8时至18时有关。
具体实施方式
除下文中已经详细说明的外,FR2945335号申请已对与室内环境的监控方法及装置有关的众多方面内容进行了说明。
本发明的主要目标,是从本发明所提供的装置出发,采用其他手段向运动传感器提供更方便的协助,从而更好的计算包容指数I。
本发明所采用的装置是基于一个包容模块而构建的,其主要功能如下:
第一,包容模块的配置使其可通过CO2传感器测量空气中CO2的含量,此测量最好每分钟进行。
在测量CO2的同时,占用情况的评估将通过至少一个外部人体感应器进行。此感应器已预先安装并连接到包容模块上。此连接可通过有线或无线方式实现。
第二,包容模块记录CO2含量的测量平均值及人体感应器测量的平均值,这些数值最好为最近十分钟的读数。
第三,在预先设定参数的运行时间段内,包容模块将计算并储存包容指数,尤其是其随检测人数的变化。
为了说明占用时间的特点,已连接至本发明所指装置的人体感应器可采用被动式红外线运动传感器。例如,可使用牌HAA52N运动传感器。
最好采用被称为“CO2测量,计算和记录”的模式,无论包容模块处于何种模式,该模式将按照固定的时间间隔自动执行操作,该间隔可为每分钟。这种模式下执行的操作如下:
对于每次记录,下列数据将被记录至存储器中:
1.时间和日期,格式为年/月/日/小时/分/秒;
2.最近10次取样中CO2的平均浓度(百万分之一,ppm);
3.如果模块处于在某一运行时间段内,被称为”ICONE”的包容指数I,否则,缺省为异常值XX。例如,所用异常值为255;
4.最近十分钟内,人员出现的持续秒数(根据传感器的配置不同,可为数字或百分比);
5.外部人体感应器(选配)提供的平均值。
这样,在占用时间段以外,包容指数将被分配异常值XX,从而无需考虑占用时间。
占用情况的评估最好基于一个测定阈值,在确定的时间内完成。
这样,当安装有运动传感器(Presence_sensor_active=1)时,运行时间段将在传感器数值大于预先设置的人员阈值(Presence_sensor_threshold)时被确定。
“Presence_sensor_active”值可确定人体感应器是否被使用以及指数的计算是否完成(1:传感器已使用和0:传感器未使用)。
“Presence_sensor_threshold”值涉及一个阈值,例如十秒,超过此值模块即认为已检测到一名人员存在。每十次测量(例如10分钟),如果传感器已检测到在超过“Presence_sensor_threshold”x 10秒的时间段内有人员存在,则包容模块将视为已检测到一名人员存在。在不脱离本发明的范围内,也可设置另一个基准时间。如果运动传感器已被配置为按照百分比方式显示结果,则“Presence_sensor_threshold”值也将采用百分比表示。
以这种方式,对于显示值不为异常值XX(例如255)而被称为“ICONE”的包容指数I的最后数值,它是与整个记录时间段内实际包容指数对应的。
举例来说,对于确定教室内典型占用的阈值(Presence_sensor_threshold),它已经研究并被确定为10%。低于此阈值,我们可认为未发生教室被“普通”人员(例如当其为教室的儿童)所占用。
在使用FR2945335申请所描述的装置时,包容指数未给定为异常值以及计算未归零,都将导致在包容指数的评估中必须考虑此前的全部数值,从而使计算出错。
通过明显不同且更合适的方式,本发明额外提供了一种包容指数I的归零模块,确保在包容指数计算时仅考虑当日获得的CO2数值。
附录中的线图(图1A和1B)举例说明了在两天中,从8时至18时的运动值变化,这些值是通过平行安装在教室内的两个人体感应器获得的,以百分比表示[Mvt(%)]。第一台运动探测器D1中记录的运动量的变化以粗实线表示,第二台探测器D2的以细实线表示。第一个CO2传感器(1)所记录的CO2含量的变化(单位ppm,[CO2(ppm)])以粗虚线表示,而第二个CO2传感器(2)采用细虚线表示。
正如我们可在这些线图中看到的,即使变化检测曲线明显是平行的,但它们仍是不重合的,而这一方面证明了确定每个探测器探测阈值的重要性,另一方面这些曲线也证明,通过至少两个运行探测器获得的信息进行室内环境占用情况的评估是更准确的。
因此,作为一种替代方案,我们可使用多个已经相互连接的人体感应器进行室内环境占用情况的评估,这将可避免探测的偶然性。对于不同的感应器,探测阈值和探测时间数值可选择不同的值。
本发明也涉及一种天气预报显示器,它包括包容指数I的计算程序和历史指数显示设备。这种天气预报显示器尤其适合住宅使用。
例如,用户可获得其房间内的包容指数I等信息以及下列参数中的至少一个:温度、压力、湿度、天气预报……。当然,这些信息是全部或部分由专用传感器和/或数据传输装置(例如互联网)提供的。
在不脱离本发明的范围内,可选用多种组合;根据成本、人机工程学、尺寸方面的限制和必须遵守的其他限制,经验丰富的专业人员可自由选择。
Claims (7)
1.房间室内环境包容度的监控方法,包括:
-包容指数I的测定,包括
i)在已确定的占用时间内,以一个固定的时间间隔,测量CO2的含量,
ii)在CO2含量测量结束时,通过上述测量值确定包容系数I,
iii)重复i)和ii);
-从CO2含量的测量值超过预先确定的阈值S2开始,至CO2含量等于预先确定的阈值S1(小于S2)前包容程度的缩减量,在测量CO2含量期间,一旦CO2的测量值超过阈值S2,即开始此包容度缩减量的测量,
其特点是我们可通过至少一个人体感应器测定室内环境的占用时间,此感应器安装有一个校准装置,可从占用阈值开始,在人员出现时启动。
2.符合要求1的方法,其特点是多个相互连接和/或配有计算工具的人体感应器,可测定占用时间。
3.符合要求2的方法,其特点是来自至少一个传感器的信息被依照主从法则进行分级。
4.符合要求1至3中的某一个的方法,其特点是上述至少一个传感器为被动式红外线传感器。
5.符合要求1至4中的某一个的方法,其特点是包括一个可向远程管理中心进行指数I传输的数据传输装置。
6.采用以上要求1至5中的任意一个的房间室内环境包容度监控装置,该装置包括一个CO2传感器、多种数据记录工具、多类计算工具并最好提供信号设备,其特点是已被连接至至少一个人体感应器上,此感应器安装有一个校准装置,可从占用阈值开始,在人员出现时启动。
7.符合要求6的装置,特点是包括至少一个温度传感器、湿度传感器和/或压力传感器。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
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FR1256327A FR2992712B1 (fr) | 2012-07-02 | 2012-07-02 | Procede de regulation et de controle du niveau de confinement de l'air interieur, dispositif et station d'ambiance associes |
FR1256327 | 2012-07-02 | ||
PCT/FR2013/051426 WO2014006293A1 (fr) | 2012-07-02 | 2013-06-19 | Procede de regulation et de controle du niveau de confinement de l'air interieur, dispositif et station d'ambiance associes |
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CN104541109A true CN104541109A (zh) | 2015-04-22 |
CN104541109B CN104541109B (zh) | 2018-06-05 |
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US (1) | US20150153061A1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP2867590A1 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR20150035987A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN104541109B (zh) |
FR (1) | FR2992712B1 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2014006293A1 (zh) |
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FR2992712A1 (fr) | 2014-01-03 |
WO2014006293A1 (fr) | 2014-01-09 |
FR2992712B1 (fr) | 2018-07-13 |
CN104541109B (zh) | 2018-06-05 |
US20150153061A1 (en) | 2015-06-04 |
EP2867590A1 (fr) | 2015-05-06 |
KR20150035987A (ko) | 2015-04-07 |
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