CN104535181A - Device for observing visible spectrum with naked eyes and reading wavelength through transmission grating and method for carrying out observation and reading wavelength based on device - Google Patents
Device for observing visible spectrum with naked eyes and reading wavelength through transmission grating and method for carrying out observation and reading wavelength based on device Download PDFInfo
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- CN104535181A CN104535181A CN201510012376.9A CN201510012376A CN104535181A CN 104535181 A CN104535181 A CN 104535181A CN 201510012376 A CN201510012376 A CN 201510012376A CN 104535181 A CN104535181 A CN 104535181A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device for observing a visible spectrum with the naked eyes and reading the wavelength through a transmission grating and a method for carrying out observation and reading the wavelength based on the device, and belongs to the field of optics. The device and method resolve the problems that when the visible spectrum is observed with the naked eyes through the transmission grating, diffraction signals are weak, the diffraction direction can not be determined easily, and the wavelength can not be read directly. According to the device and method, entrance slit emergent light does not need to be collimated to form parallel light, light is directly incident to the transmission grating to form a diffraction virtual image, the spectrum is observed with the naked eyes in the direction opposite to the diffraction light direction, the diffraction direction is determined through two white light slits in a rotary arm, and the corresponding wavelength value is directly read on a nonlinear wavelength scaleplate. The device and method have the advantages of being low in cost, large in field of view, visual in spectrum, accurate in measurement of the diffraction direction, capable of directly reading the wavelength and the like, and are suitable for measurement of the visible spectrum with the naked eyes in physics experiment teaching and spectrum studies.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to optical field.
Background technology
The principle of work of the reflecting light grating spectrograph generally used at present is: light source passes through entrance slit, directional light is formed with concave mirror collimation, the light of different wave length is through reflection grating diffraction, form the diffraction directional light of different directions, focus on the diverse location of photoelectric conversion device again with concave mirror, realize spectrally resolved and record.Advantage is no color differnece, and applicable wavelengths scope is wide; Shortcoming is that its Off-axial optical system can form larger aberration, affects resolution if with spherical reflector.
Transmission-type grating spectrometer convergent lens replaces concave mirror to form directional light, and its centered optical system can avoid serious aberration, but the dispersion characteristics of lens can introduce larger aberration again, affect resolution equally.
Light source is by after entrance slit, if be directly incident on grating and form diffraction, just avoid aberration aberration problem, but diffraction light is not directional light but forms the diffraction virtual image, its shortcoming is that the virtual image cannot direct record on photoelectric conversion device, but after transmission grating, directly can observe diffraction image by bore hole, and the advantage such as have spectrum directly perceived, shortcoming is that diffraction direction is not easily determined, wavelength cannot direct-reading etc.
In middle school and college physical experiment teaching, be that the spectrometer of beam splitter has consequence with transmission grating, this is a kind of with the transmission-type spectrometer of bore hole observation visible spectrum, accurately can measure angle of diffraction, and then calculate corresponding wavelength.Advantage is directly perceived, accurately, is applicable to experimental teaching.Shortcoming is price, needs achromatism, and parallel light tube and telescope adjustment complexity, graticule visual field is less than normal, directly can not read wavelength etc.
Summary of the invention
The present invention be in order to solve utilize transmission grating bore hole observe visible spectrum time, diffracted signal is weak, diffraction direction is not easily determined and the problem that wavelength cannot directly read, and now provides and utilizes transmission grating to observe visible spectrum bore hole and read the device of wavelength and observe based on this device and read the method for wavelength.
Utilize transmission grating observe visible spectrum bore hole and read the device of wavelength, it comprises: entrance slit, transmission grating, mechanical rocker arm, a White beam slits, No. two White beam slits, pointer and non-linear wavelength scales;
The light that light source sends contains the side of grating line through entrance slit vertical incidence to transmission grating, and transmission grating carries out diffraction to its light received,
A White beam slits and No. two White beam slits are all fixed on mechanical rocker arm perpendicular to the length direction of mechanical rocker arm, and pointer is fixed on the other end of mechanical rocker arm, and the scale of the non-linear wavelength scale of the pointed of pointer;
The center, side that one end of mechanical rocker arm and transmission grating contain grating line is hinged, and non-linear wavelength scale is arranged along the path of passing by during the beat of pointer.
It also comprises: convergent lens; Contain the side of grating line to transmission grating through the light transmission convergent lens vertical incidence of entrance slit.
It also comprises: frosted glass plate; The light that light source sends passes entrance slit again after frosted glass plate transmission.
It also comprises: magnifier; This magnifier is positioned at the other end of mechanical rocker arm, for amplifying the scale on non-linear wavelength scale.
It also comprises: trace, screw mandrel and handwheel; Handwheel moves along X-direction for driving the motion end of screw mandrel, and one end of trace is fixed on the motion end of screw mandrel, and one end of trace is fixed on mechanical rocker arm.
No. two White beam slits are non-linear wavelength scale to 0.8 times of distance at transmission grating center to the distance at transmission grating center.
Entrance slit equals the distance of non-linear wavelength scale to transmission grating center to the distance at transmission grating center.
Utilize transmission grating to observe visible spectrum bore hole and the device reading wavelength is observed and reads the method for wavelength based on above-mentioned, the method is:
First, open light source, in the opposite side observation spectrum of transmission grating,
Then, regulate the pendulum angle of mechanical rocker arm, make diffract spectral line and a White beam slits and No. two determined straight line conllinear of White beam slits,
Under finally reading current location, the scale of the non-linear wavelength scale pointed by pointer, obtains spectral wavelength.
The defining method of the correspondence position of wavelength x on scale is:
x＝R·arcsin(λ/d)
Wherein, λ is wavelength, and R is the radius of arc scale, and namely scale is to the distance of raster center, and d is grating constant.
Of the present inventionly utilize transmission grating to observe visible spectrum bore hole and read the device of wavelength and observe based on this device and read the method for wavelength, without the need to forming directional light to entrance slit emergent light collimation, but be directly incident on transmission grating, form the diffraction virtual image, inverse diffraction light direction bore hole observation spectrum, confirm diffraction direction by the White beam slits of two on pivoted arm, and directly read corresponding wavelength value on non-linear wavelength scale; Have cost low, visual field is large, and spectrum is directly perceived, and diffraction direction is measured accurately, the advantages such as wavelength direct-reading.Be applicable to the visible spectrum open hole survey in physics experiment teaching and spectral investigation.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is utilizing transmission grating to observe visible spectrum bore hole and reading the structural representation of the device of wavelength described in embodiment one;
Fig. 2 is utilizing transmission grating to observe visible spectrum bore hole and reading the structural representation of the device of wavelength described in embodiment two;
Fig. 3 is non-linear wavelength scale schematic diagram.
Embodiment
Embodiment one: illustrate present embodiment with reference to Fig. 1 and Fig. 3, the transmission grating that utilizes described in present embodiment is observed visible spectrum bore hole and reads the device of wavelength, and it comprises: entrance slit 4, transmission grating 6, mechanical rocker arm 8, White beam slits 9, No. two White beam slits 10, pointer 11 and non-linear wavelength scale 12;
The light that light source 1 sends contains the side of grating line to transmission grating 6 through entrance slit 4 vertical incidence, transmission grating 6 carries out diffraction to its light received,
A White beam slits 9 and No. two White beam slits 10 are all fixed on mechanical rocker arm 8 perpendicular to the length direction of mechanical rocker arm 8, and pointer 11 is fixed on the other end of mechanical rocker arm 8, and the scale of the non-linear wavelength scale 12 of the pointed of pointer 11;
One end and the side center of transmission grating 6 containing grating line of mechanical rocker arm 8 are hinged, and the path that non-linear wavelength scale 12 is passed by when pointer 11 swings is arranged.
The side center of transmission grating 6 containing grating line is provided with rotating shaft 7, and mechanical rocker arm 8 is hinged with transmission grating 6 by this rotating shaft 7, and can swing centered by rotating shaft 7.The grating constant of transmission grating 6 is applicable to visible-range 1 order diffraction, such as 1000 lines/about mm.As shown in the figures 1 and 2, three axles of coordinate are spatially mutually vertical, and the groove direction of transmission grating 6 is identical with Z-direction.
Non-linear wavelength scale 12 take raster center as the arc scale of the center of curvature, and this scale meets following condition:
x＝R·arcsin(λ/d)
Wherein, λ is wavelength, and x is the corresponding position of rule of wavelength, and R is the radius of arc scale, and namely scale is to the distance of raster center, and d is grating constant.
When practical application, controlled the backlight of two White beam slits by light source switch 19.
The transmission grating that utilizes described in present embodiment is observed visible spectrum bore hole and reads the device of wavelength, entrance slit and non-linear wavelength scale are positioned at transmission grating homonymy (having grating line side), and light source is transmitted to optical grating diffraction after entrance slit; Observe diffraction spectrum in the opposite side bore hole of transmission grating, diffraction direction is confirmed by the slit that two take white light as bias light, two slits be fixed on raster center be center of rotation mechanical rocker arm on; When spectral line and two White beam slits conllinear, the position bore hole that wavelength is indicated on non-linear wavelength scale by pivoted arm far-end pointer directly reads.Present embodiment diffract spectral line is narrower, and spectral resolution is high.
Embodiment two: illustrate present embodiment with reference to Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, present embodiment be to described in embodiment one utilize transmission grating to observe visible spectrum bore hole and the device reading wavelength is described further, in present embodiment, it also comprises: convergent lens 5; Through light transmission convergent lens 5 vertical incidence of entrance slit 4 to side containing grating line of transmission grating 6.
In present embodiment, convergent lens 5 is added between entrance slit 4 and transmission grating 6, the light that light source 1 sends by after entrance slit 4, then amplifies the virtual image through convergent lens 5 one-tenth and is transmitted grating 6 diffraction, and diffracted intensity is higher than the scheme described in embodiment one.
Embodiment three: present embodiment be to described in embodiment two utilize transmission grating to observe visible spectrum bore hole and the device reading wavelength is described further, in present embodiment, it also comprises: frosted glass plate 3; The light that light source 1 sends passes entrance slit 4 again after frosted glass plate 3 transmission.
In present embodiment, between entrance slit 4 and light source 1, increase frosted glass plate 3, the optimum condition making the diffract spectral line in visual field and two White beam slits be in bore hole to confirm.
Embodiment four: present embodiment be to described in embodiment one or two utilize transmission grating to observe visible spectrum bore hole and the device reading wavelength is described further, in present embodiment, it also comprises: magnifier 13; This magnifier 13 is positioned at the other end of mechanical rocker arm 8, for amplifying the scale on non-linear wavelength scale 12.
Due to the scale arrangement comparatively dense on non-linear wavelength scale 12, therefore, add magnifier 13 in present embodiment, this magnifier 13 is fixed on the other end of mechanical rocker arm 8, human eye 15 is easier to the scale observed and read on non-linear wavelength scale 12 by magnifier 13.
Embodiment five: present embodiment be to described in embodiment one or two utilize transmission grating to observe visible spectrum bore hole and the device reading wavelength is described further, in present embodiment, it also comprises: trace 16, screw mandrel 17 and handwheel 18;
Handwheel 18 moves along X-direction for driving the motion end of screw mandrel 17, and one end of trace 16 is fixed on the motion end of screw mandrel 17, and one end of trace 16 is fixed on mechanical rocker arm 8.
In present embodiment, rotation hand wheel 18, the motion end of screw mandrel 17 moves along X-direction, so by trace 16 driving device pivoted arm 8 with center, side containing grating line of transmission grating 6 for axle swings.When reading wavelength, rotation hand wheel 18 regulates the pendulum angle of mechanical rocker arm 8, until when diffract spectral line and the determined straight line conllinear of two White beam slits, human eye 15 just can reading directly indicated by reading pointer 11 current location, namely reads wavelength.
In present embodiment, mechanical rocker arm 8 completes rotation by trace 16, screw mandrel 17 and handwheel 18, and degree of accuracy is higher than the angle resoluting ability 1 ' of human eye.
Embodiment six: present embodiment be to described in embodiment five utilize transmission grating to observe visible spectrum bore hole and the device reading wavelength is described further, in present embodiment, it also comprises: shell 20;
The sidewall of shell 20 has handwheel hole, and handwheel 18 is mounted in this handwheel hole, and two sidewalls of shell 20 are respectively equipped with incident light window 2 and watch window 14,
Transmission grating 6, mechanical rocker arm 8, White beam slits 9, No. two White beam slits 10, pointer 11, non-linear wavelength scale 12, trace 16, screw mandrel 17 and handwheel 18 are all positioned at shell 20.
The transmission grating that utilizes described in present embodiment is observed visible spectrum bore hole and reads the device of wavelength, it is inner that the light that light source 1 sends is incident to shell 20 by incident light window 2, and human eye 15 can read wavelength by watch window 14 bore hole observation spectrum.
Embodiment seven: present embodiment be to described in embodiment one or two utilize transmission grating to observe visible spectrum bore hole and the device reading wavelength is described further, in present embodiment, light source 1 is visible ray.
Light source 1 described in present embodiment can be continuous spectrum, as: daylight, candle light or incandescent lamp etc.; Or spectrum is discrete spectrum, as mercury lamp, sodium vapor lamp etc.; Or spectrum is band spectrum, as daylight lamp, electricity-saving lamp or LED etc.
Embodiment eight: present embodiment be to described in embodiment one or two utilize transmission grating to observe visible spectrum bore hole and the device reading wavelength is described further, in present embodiment, No. two White beam slits 10 are non-linear wavelength scale 12 to 0.8 times of distance at transmission grating 6 center to the distance at transmission grating 6 center.
Embodiment nine: present embodiment be to described in embodiment one utilize transmission grating to observe visible spectrum bore hole and the device reading wavelength is described further, in present embodiment, entrance slit 4 equals the distance of non-linear wavelength scale 12 to transmission grating 6 center to the distance at transmission grating 6 center.
Embodiment ten: present embodiment be to described in embodiment two utilize transmission grating to observe visible spectrum bore hole and the device reading wavelength is described further, in present embodiment, convergent lens 5 become the virtual image to equal the distance of non-linear wavelength scale 12 to transmission grating 6 center to the distance at transmission grating 6 center.
Embodiment eight, nine and ten each defines the distance between element, by the distance between accurate control element, just can reduce parallax, obtains more accurate reading.
Embodiment 11: present embodiment be to described in embodiment one or two utilize transmission grating to observe visible spectrum bore hole and the device reading wavelength is described further, in present embodiment, the backlight intensity of a White beam slits 9 and No. two White beam slits 10 is all adjustable.
Embodiment 12: present embodiment be to described in embodiment one or two utilize transmission grating to observe visible spectrum bore hole and the device reading wavelength is described further, in present embodiment, the slit width of entrance slit 4 is adjustable.
By the slit width of the backlight intensity and entrance slit 4 that regulate a White beam slits 9, No. two White beam slits 10, the optimum condition that the diffract spectral line in visual field and two White beam slits can be made to be in bore hole confirm.
Embodiment 13: described in present embodiment based on described in embodiment one utilize transmission grating to observe visible spectrum bore hole and the device reading wavelength is observed and reads the method for wavelength, the method is:
First, open light source 1, in the opposite side observation spectrum of transmission grating 6,
Then, regulate the pendulum angle of mechanical rocker arm 8, make diffract spectral line and a White beam slits 9 and No. two determined straight line conllinear of White beam slits 10,
Under finally reading current location, the scale of the non-linear wavelength scale 12 pointed by pointer 11, obtains spectral wavelength.
Embodiment 14: present embodiment be to described in embodiment 13 based on utilizing transmission grating to observe visible spectrum bore hole and the device reading wavelength observes and the method reading wavelength is described further, in present embodiment, the defining method of the correspondence position of wavelength x on scale is:
x＝R·arcsin(λ/d)
Wherein, λ is wavelength, and R is the radius of arc scale, and namely scale is to the distance of raster center, and d is grating constant.
Specific embodiment
Adopt 1000 lines per millimeter transmission gratings 6, coaxial convergent lens 5 is added in the middle of entrance slit 4 and transmission grating 6, enlargement factor is about four times, convergent lens 5 become the virtual image to the centre distance about 60 centimetres of transmission grating 6, non-linear wavelength scale 12 is to the centre distance about 60 centimetres of transmission grating 6, No. two White beam slits 10 are to the centre distance about 48 centimetres of transmission grating 6, the mode rotary machine pivoted arm 8 of trace 16 is added with T-shaped helical screw 17, curved non linear wavelength scale 12 with the center of transmission grating 6 for center of rotation, the camber line that non-linear wavelength scale 12 streaks along mechanical rocker arm 8 is placed, pointer 11 position of mechanical rocker arm 8 far-end can be finely tuned.
First alignment light spectrometer before observation spectrum, with mercury lamp as standard sources, is calibrated by fine setting pointer 11;
Then light source to be measured is opened, rotation hand wheel 18, drive screw mandrel 17 translation, and then mechanical rocker arm 8 is rotated, until diffract spectral line, a White beam slits 9 and No. two White beam slits 10 3 bright line conllinear, in visual field, diffract spectral line, No. two White beam slits 10 and a White beam slits 9 can be seen from top to bottom successively by watch window 14;
In this specific embodiment, spectrometer minimum resolution is better than 1 nanometer, can the double amber lines (interval 0.6 nanometer) of clear resolution sodium vapor lamp.
Claims (10)
1. utilize transmission grating observe visible spectrum bore hole and read the device of wavelength, it is characterized in that, it comprises: entrance slit (4), transmission grating (6), mechanical rocker arm (8), a White beam slits (9), No. two White beam slits (10), pointer (11) and non-linear wavelength scales (12);
The light that light source (1) sends is through entrance slit (4) vertical incidence to transmission grating (6) side containing grating line, and transmission grating (6) carries out diffraction to its light received,
A White beam slits (9) and No. two White beam slits (10) are all fixed on mechanical rocker arm (8) perpendicular to the length direction of mechanical rocker arm (8), pointer (11) is fixed on the other end of mechanical rocker arm (8), and the scale of the non-linear wavelength scale (12) of the pointed of pointer (11);
One end and the side center of transmission grating (6) containing grating line of mechanical rocker arm (8) are hinged, and the path that non-linear wavelength scale (12) is passed by when pointer (11) swings is arranged.
2. the transmission grating that utilizes according to claim 1 is observed visible spectrum bore hole and reads the device of wavelength, and it is characterized in that, it also comprises: convergent lens (5); Through light transmission convergent lens (5) vertical incidence of entrance slit (4) to transmission grating (6) side containing grating line.
3. the transmission grating that utilizes according to claim 2 is observed visible spectrum bore hole and reads the device of wavelength, and it is characterized in that, it also comprises: frosted glass plate (3); The light that light source (1) sends passes entrance slit (4) again after frosted glass plate (3) transmission.
4. the transmission grating that utilizes according to claim 1 and 2 is observed visible spectrum bore hole and reads the device of wavelength, and it is characterized in that, it also comprises: magnifier (13); This magnifier (13) is positioned at the other end of mechanical rocker arm (8), for amplifying the scale on non-linear wavelength scale (12).
5. the transmission grating that utilizes according to claim 1 and 2 is observed visible spectrum bore hole and reads the device of wavelength, and it is characterized in that, it also comprises: trace (16), screw mandrel (17) and handwheel (18);
Handwheel (18) moves along X-direction for driving the motion end of screw mandrel (17), one end of trace (16) is fixed on the motion end of screw mandrel (17), and one end of trace (16) is fixed on mechanical rocker arm (8).
6. the transmission grating that utilizes according to claim 5 is observed visible spectrum bore hole and reads the device of wavelength, and it is characterized in that, it also comprises: shell (20);
The sidewall of shell (20) has handwheel hole, and handwheel (18) is mounted in this handwheel hole, two sidewalls of shell (20) is respectively equipped with incident light window (2) and watch window (14),
Transmission grating (6), mechanical rocker arm (8), White beam slits (9), No. two White beam slits (10), pointer (11), non-linear wavelength scale (12), trace (16), screw mandrel (17) and handwheels (18) are all positioned at shell (20).
7. the transmission grating that utilizes according to claim 1 and 2 is observed visible spectrum bore hole and reads the device of wavelength, it is characterized in that, No. two White beam slits (10) are non-linear wavelength scale (12) to 0.8 times of distance at transmission grating (6) center to the distance at transmission grating (6) center.
8. the transmission grating that utilizes according to claim 1 is observed visible spectrum bore hole and reads the device of wavelength, it is characterized in that, entrance slit (4) equals the distance of non-linear wavelength scale (12) to transmission grating (6) center to the distance at transmission grating (6) center.
9. utilize transmission grating to observe visible spectrum bore hole and the device reading wavelength is observed and reads the method for wavelength based on according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the method is:
First, open light source (1), in the opposite side observation spectrum of transmission grating (6),
Then, regulate the pendulum angle of mechanical rocker arm (8), make diffract spectral line and a White beam slits (9) and No. two determined straight line conllinear of White beam slits (10),
Finally, under reading current location, the scale of the non-linear wavelength scale (12) pointed by pointer (11), obtains spectral wavelength.
10. according to claim 9 based on utilizing transmission grating to observe visible spectrum bore hole and the device reading wavelength is observed and reads the method for wavelength, it is characterized in that, the defining method of the correspondence position of wavelength x on non-linear wavelength scale (12) is:
x＝R·arcsin(λ/d)
Wherein, λ is wavelength, and R is the radius of curved non linear wavelength scale (12), and namely non-linear wavelength scale (12) is to the distance of raster center, and d is grating constant.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201510012376.9A CN104535181B (en) | 2015-01-09 | 2015-01-09 | Utilize the device that visible spectrum bore hole is observed and read wavelength by transmission grating and the method observing and reading wavelength based on this device |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201510012376.9A CN104535181B (en) | 2015-01-09 | 2015-01-09 | Utilize the device that visible spectrum bore hole is observed and read wavelength by transmission grating and the method observing and reading wavelength based on this device |
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Cited By (1)
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| CN108606779A (en) * | 2018-04-26 | 2018-10-02 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | A kind of sweep parameters measuring instrument of high speed frequency-sweeping laser source |
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| US6275289B1 (en) * | 1999-04-27 | 2001-08-14 | Shimadzu Corporation | Monochromator |
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