CN1045317C - Cylinder liner comprising a supereutectic aluminium/silicon alloy for sealing into a crankcase of a reciprocating piston engine and method of producing such a cylinder liner - Google Patents

Cylinder liner comprising a supereutectic aluminium/silicon alloy for sealing into a crankcase of a reciprocating piston engine and method of producing such a cylinder liner Download PDF

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CN1045317C
CN1045317C CN95117636A CN95117636A CN1045317C CN 1045317 C CN1045317 C CN 1045317C CN 95117636 A CN95117636 A CN 95117636A CN 95117636 A CN95117636 A CN 95117636A CN 1045317 C CN1045317 C CN 1045317C
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particulate
cylinder sleeve
alloy
crystal
silicon
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CN1129743A (en
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弗兰兹·吕克特
彼得·斯托克
罗兰德·比德曼
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Daimler Benz AG
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Daimler Benz AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F7/00—Casings, e.g. crankcases or frames
    • F02F7/0085—Materials for constructing engines or their parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B33/00—Honing machines or devices; Accessories therefor
    • B24B33/02—Honing machines or devices; Accessories therefor designed for working internal surfaces of revolution, e.g. of cylindrical or conical shapes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B37/00—Lapping machines or devices; Accessories
    • B24B37/02—Lapping machines or devices; Accessories designed for working surfaces of revolution
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C1/0408—Light metal alloys
    • C22C1/0416—Aluminium-based alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
    • C23C4/123—Spraying molten metal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/18—After-treatment
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/004—Cylinder liners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F7/00—Casings, e.g. crankcases or frames
    • F02F7/0085—Materials for constructing engines or their parts
    • F02F2007/009—Hypereutectic aluminum, e.g. aluminum alloys with high SI content
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2201/00—Metals
    • F05C2201/02—Light metals
    • F05C2201/021—Aluminium

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

A cylinder liner, comprises a strongly supereutectic aluminium/silicon alloy of a specified composition which is free of melt-independent particles of hard material and which is composed in such a way that fine silicon primary crystals and intermetallic phases automatically form from the melt as hard particles. By means of spray compaction, a blank is allowed to grow from finely sprayed melt droplets, with a fine distribution of the hard particles being produced. The blank can then be formed by cold extrusion to give a shape approximating the cylinder lining. After subsequent premachining and finish machining, subsequently honed in at least one stage and then the hard particles lying at the face are exposed, forming plateau areas of the particles which project above the remaining surface of the base microstructure of the alloy.

Description

Hypereutectic silumin cylinder sleeve and manufacture method thereof
The present invention relates to a kind of being used for is encapsulated in the hypereutectic silumin cylinder sleeve in the reciprocating-piston engine and relates to the method for making this cylinder sleeve.
Once disclosed for European patent EP 367229A1 number a kind of by metal-powder and the graphite particulate (from 0.5 to 3% of sneaking into; Measure the most about 10 μ m or littler of mean particle dia of gained on perpendicular to the plane of cylinder axis) and not with the hard particles (from 3 to 5% of sharp edge; Mean particle dia is 30 μ m to the maximum, average out to 10 μ m or littler) cylinder sleeve made of aluminum oxide particularly.Metal-powder at first under the condition that does not have non-metal particle to sneak into alone the air atomizing method with hypereutectic silumin make; its composition is following-and rest part is aluminium (numeral does not promptly comprise hard particles and quantity of graphite outside the fused solution for the total metal content with alloy is the weight % of the truth of a matter):
Silicon 16-18%, iron 4-6%,
Copper 2-4%, magnesium 0.5-2%, and
Manganese 0.1-0.8%.
Metal-powder is mixed with non-metal particle, and under the pressure of about 2000 crust, preferably make it become tubular body arranged inside powder mixture.This blank made from powder metallurgic method is embedded in the soft aluminum pipe with respective shapes, the most handy high temperature extrusion process of the double wall tube that obtains like this makes their together sintering and be configured as a tubular blank, just can make many single cylinder sleeves thus.The purpose of imbedding hard particles is to make cylinder sleeve to have good fastness to wear, and graphite particulate is then as dry lubricant.In order to prevent the graphite particulate oxidation, hot extrusion should be carried out under the condition of getting rid of oxygen.Graphite also has the danger that generates hard SiC with the silicon react with from the teeth outwards under high processing temperature in addition, and this can damage the dry lubricating performance of the graphite particulate of imbedding.Because powdered mixture always mixes not really completely, so the local fluctuation of concentration more or less bigger than normal that hard particles and/or graphite particulate occur is can hardly be avoided on workpiece surface.Because the hard particles of imbedding; hot-die can wear and tear faster; although this is because hard particles has round and mellow seamed edge, in all case still also has the intensive rubbing effect, and can only make the seamed edge of a part of particulate become round and mellow by the method for suitable effort, employing crushing.Next want the surface of countercylinder lining to carry out machining, instrument can be subjected to high wear again, thereby improves tool expense.And the surface makes piston and piston ring be subjected to more wearing and tearing through exposing the hard particles with sharp edge after the machining, so that piston and piston ring are had to make with wear-resistant material and maybe need be increased suitably wear-resistant coating.In a word, known cylinder sleeve is somewhat expensive, and not only because the material will be used as beginning with a plurality of divided portion the time, and because the high tool expense that plastic making and cutting machine processing are involved all can make the expense of each improve.In addition, because known cylinder sleeve is made by uneven powdered mixture, therefore exist inner uneven danger, this can damage its function so that become waste product, in any case but, it all needs complicated quality control.And, also need of the operation of complicated piston structure in order to engine.These all can make whole reciprocating-piston engine become especially expensive.
What deserves to be mentioned is in addition and disclosed equally a kind of cylinder sleeve made from powder metallurgic method U.S. Pat-A4938810 number.This patent document once proposed the practical example of multiple alloy and the take off data and the service data of the cylinder sleeve made by these alloys.The silicone content of being carried in the practical example is from 17.2 to 23.6% scope, and the claim of presents advises adopting one from 10 to 30% wideer scope in this respect, and this scope has been extended in the hypoeutectic zone.In this document, also propose, in nickel, iron or three kinds of metals of manganese, should have at least a kind ofly to appear in the alloy and reach 5% content actually at least or concerning iron, reach 3% content at least.As representative, only lift a kind of alloying constituent wherein here in weight %, rest part is an aluminium; Zinc and manganese content are stipulated, but can be concluded that these two kinds of metals can only occur with trace:
Silicon 22.8% bronze medal 3.1%,
Magnesium 1.3%, iron 0.5%, and
Nickel 8.0%.
Nickel content in giving alloy example is very high.The blank of cylinder sleeve is to be formed by the powdered mixture hot extrusion.
At last, also can mention No. 155 756, the U.S. Pat-A4 that relates to same problem.In this patent document, particularly to can be considered one of them example-rest part be aluminium to the cylinder sleeve of being made with powder metallurgic method by the alloy of following ingredients:
Silicon 25%, copper 4.3%,
Magnesium 0.65%, and iron 0.8%
The objective of the invention is just to resistance to wear and two aspects of lubricating oil consumption are improved based on universal cylinder sleeve, make the danger minimizing that piston is worn simultaneously; Reducing aspect the lubricating oil consumption, we were concerned about mainly not at lubricating oil itself and at its residue of combustion-mainly be hydrocarbon polymer, and it can pollute the waste gas that comes out from engine exhaust nocuously.
The invention provides and a kind ofly be encapsulated in the reciprocating-piston engine and, it is characterized by, unite and have following properties by the cylinder sleeve that hypereutectic silumin constitutes:
The silumin of cylinder sleeve is that alloy pattern A and the B by following two kinds of replaceable uses constitutes, the hardness particles of material that this material does not contain and fused solution is irrelevant, and the numeral that wherein relates to content is a per-cent by weight:
Alloy A:
Silicon 23.0-28.0%,
Magnesium 0.80-2.0%,
Copper 3.0-4.5%,
Iron is 0.25% to the maximum,
Manganese, nickel and zinc are 0.01% in all cases to the maximum, all the other be aluminium or
Alloy B:
Silicon 23.0-28.0%,
Magnesium 0.80-2.0%,
Copper 3.0-4.5%,
Iron 1.0-1.4%,
Nickel 1.0-5.0%,
Manganese and zinc are 0.01% in all cases to the maximum, and all the other are aluminium;
In cylinder sleeve, primary silicon crystal and intermetallic phase occur with following grain-size, numeral average crystal grain diameter wherein, in μ m:
Si primary silicon crystal: 2-15 μ m,
Al 2The Cu phase: 0.1-5.0 μ m,
Mg 2The Si phase: 2.0-10.0 μ m,
The subsurface primary silicon crystal and the intermetallic phase particulate that are embedded in cylinder sleeve are come out from meticulous mach surface, and the land area that primary crystal or particulate are exposed mode with spherical or circular arc on its periphery is connected with the matrix alloy material.
The present invention also provides a kind of production method of the cylinder sleeve that is made of hypereutectic silumin, earlier alloy itself is made a tubular blank in the method, then it is encapsulated in the crankcase of a supporting of reciprocating-piston engine, further under the state in this is encapsulated in, the surface of cylinder sleeve is by machining in advance cursorily, carry out precision work with boring or turning then, at least in a grade, bore and grind subsequently, be embedded at that time in the surface than hard particulate of alloy substrate microstructure such as silicon crystal and the intermetallic phase particulate is exposed so that the land area of these particulates is projected on the remaining surface of alloy substrate microstructure, it is characterized by, unite and have following properties:
The used material of cylinder sleeve is a kind of among the silumin A of following two kinds of replaceable uses and the B, and this material does not participate in into the irrelevant mechanically resistant material particulate of fused solution, and the numeral that wherein relates to content is a per-cent by weight:
Alloy A:
Silicon 23.0-28.0%,
Magnesium 0.80-2.0%,
Copper 3.0-4.5%,
Iron is 0.25% to the maximum,
Manganese, nickel and zinc are 0.01% in all cases to the maximum, all the other be aluminium or
Alloy B:
Silicon 23.0-28.0%,
Magnesium 0.80-2.0%,
Copper 3.0-4.5%,
Iron 1.0%-1.4%,
Nickel 1.0-5.0%,
Manganese and zinc are 0.01% in all cases to the maximum, and all the other are aluminium;
Spray the object that can obtain a continuous increase when becoming particulate and making fused solution mist deposition at fused solution with silumin, this ball piece of at first producing has compact grained primary silicon crystal and intermetallic phase particulate, the ball piece is extruded and draws the piped work in-process, can produce cylinder sleeve thus;
Fused solution is atomized into very thin particulate so that the primary silicon crystal and the intermetallic phase particulate that form all have very thin crystal grain in the ball piece that constantly increases when spraying, and their size is as follows, the numeral average crystal grain diameter, in μ m:
The Si primary crystal: 2-15 μ m,
Al 2The Cu phase: 0.1-5.0 μ m,
Mg 2The Si phase: 2.0-10.0 μ m,
The surface that is encapsulated in the cylinder sleeve in crankcase mechanical means of available grinding or polishing after precision work makes and is embedded in subsurface primary crystal and particulate is exposed to outside the surface, adopt at least one is submissive, be shaped polishing body or grinding element and one can grinding that grind, amorphous or polishing medium at that time, this medium contains the mechanically resistant material particulate, its size must less than or equal required roughness at most.
Because as the specific alloy components containing of cylinder sleeve material, the primary crystal of silicon and intermetallic phase can directly form from fused solution; Therefore the step that the hard particles that separates is mixed into just can save.In addition, it is to grasp easily that the injection of alloy is compressed on the methodology, and expense also is comparatively cheap.Be used in combination the cold-extruded platen press of blank after this.This method can make the surperficial few oxidized of drop and can make lining have few hole.Alloying constituent A that is mentioned and B be preferably come out can be with the piston (alloy A) of plating iron or together do not use with the aluminium piston (alloy B) of coating.The hard particles that forms from fused solution has high rigidity on the one hand can make the surface have good wear resistance, and machining is quite easily carried out in the but machining of also not serious obstruction material, so surface energy on the other hand.Owing to all have primary crystal and intermetallic phase to form in the drop of each fusing, and these drops are injected into and condense on the blank that constantly increases subsequently, so this method can make hard particles distribute very equably in workpiece.The particulate that the particulate that forms from fused solution forms than crushing is less to be had corner angle and also is the less invasive that has in tribology.In addition, the metal hard particles that forms from fused solution can more closely be imbedded in the basic alloy microstructure than mixing the nonmetallic crushing particulate of entering, and it is also less therefore to form risk of crack on the mechanically resistant material border.In addition, the hard particles that forms from fused solution can present running-in characteristic preferably and to the lower friction infringement of piston and ring thereof, therefore can be arranged long work-ing life, or be accepted by usual work-ing life, and the design of piston also can be more uncomplicated.
Each effective embodiment of the present invention lists in each dependent claims; In addition, the present invention also will be described below by accompanying drawing.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the fragmentary cross-sectional view that is encapsulating the reciprocating-piston engine of cylinder sleeve in it,
Fig. 2 is the high magnification map with the regional gained cut-away section on approaching surface on the direction intercepting cylinder sleeve that is parallel to the cylinder wall bus,
Fig. 2 a is the further enlarged view of details among Fig. 2,
Fig. 3 is the bar graph that the various hard particles sizes that form from fused solution are shown, and
Fig. 4 is used for mechanical means hard particles being exposed to outside the surface of cylinder sleeve for a kind of boring grinder of modification.
The reciprocating-piston engine shown in the part has the crankcase 2 of a die casting among Fig. 1, is arranging to admit the cylinder wall 4 of cylinder sleeve 6 usefulness in it, a piston 3 is housed in cylinder sleeve 6 it can be moved up and down.Link a cylinder head 1 at the top of crankcase 2, which is provided with the device that changes fuel oil and fuel oil is lighted.Around crankcase inner casing wall 4, be provided with the space of hollow so that form the water jacket 5 that cooling cylinder is used.
The following method that will describe in detail of cylinder sleeve 6 usefulness is made a separate part (the more detailed content of this respect also will provide below) with hypereutectic composition, then as a green part be encapsulated in the crankcase 2 with plumer block together by machining.For this purpose, particularly the surface of cylinder sleeve should be carried out the preprocessing of roughing cut earlier, carries out precision work with boring or turning then.Also to bore and grind at least one grade in surface 7.After boring and grinding, original can be exposed to outside the surface in the surface than the hard particulate of alloy substrate microstructure such as silicon crystal grain and intermetallic phase particulate, just as a result the boss surface of these hard particulates can projection on the remaining surface of alloy substrate microstructure.
Thereby for improving cylinder sleeve aspect wear resistance and the lubricating oil consumption two and improving the discharging of oil engine to hydrocarbon polymer, the invention provides a series of measure, these measures all concur for this purpose.
At first should be mentioned that the optimization of alloying constituent, we find to have two kinds of alternative optimum alloy forms, wherein a kind of alloy pattern A is proposed as and can together uses with the piston of plating iron, another kind of alloy pattern B then be considered to best with together do not use with the aluminium piston of coating.The per-cent of listing below all by weight.
Alloy A has following ingredients:
Silicon 23.0-28.0% preferably is about 25%,
Magnesium 0.80-2.0% preferably is about 1.2%,
Copper 3.0-4.5% preferably is about 3.9%,
Iron maximum 0.25%
Manganese, nickel and zinc are 0.01 to the maximum, and rest part is an aluminium.
Be used for having the composition identical aspect the ratio of silicon, copper, manganese and zinc with alloy A with the alloy B of together not moving with the aluminium piston of coating; Just the content of iron and nickel is higher slightly, promptly
Iron 1.0-1.4% and nickel 1.0-5.0%
The silumin fused solution is ejected into not have to make in the oxidizing atmosphere becomes particulate, and the fused solution mist that makes such formation deposits so as to drawing an object that constantly increases, at first produce a ball piece that contains close grain primary silicon crystal 8 and intermetallic phase 9 and 10, wherein intermetallic phase is that those contain magnesium and silicon (Mg 2Si) and contain (the Al of aluminium and copper 2Cu).The fused solution of atomizing can cool off in the injection stream of nitrogen as quick as thought, and rate of cooling can reach 10 5° K/S.This so-called pressing (spray compacting) that sprays can produce such microstructure, is characterized in having very narrow grain size distribution, and around a mean value, distribution range just is about ± and 5 ... 10 μ m; And mean value can be regulated in the particle size scope of wider from 7 to 200 μ m approximately.The particle size that can set superfine crystal grain that the present invention uses is from 2 to 10 μ m, therefore can form a silicon and distribute thin and uniform quite thin microstructure.Each powder all contains all alloy composition parts.Powder is injected on the swivel plate, above-mentioned thereon diameter for example be 300 or the ball piece of 1000mm just constantly increase.This will decide according to Design of device.Subsequently, these ball pieces just must push on extrusion machine so that form tubing.Also can imagine like this, the piece that do not concede points is at swivel plate upper edge axial growth, but allows the fused solution of atomizing radially increase on a rotor, so just can form and be essentially the piped prefabrication.
When spraying, fused solution is atomized very carefully, and consequently primary silicon crystal 8 and the intermetallic phase 9 and 10 that forms in the ball piece that constantly increases all has minimum crystal grain, and its size is as follows:
The primary silicon crystal: 2-15 μ m, be preferably 4-10 μ m,
Al 2The Cu phase: 0.1-5 μ m, be preferably 0.8-1.8 μ m,
Mg 2The Si phase: 2.0-10.0 μ m is preferably 2.5-4.5 μ m.
This compact grained character can make hard particles obtain thin in the alloy substrate microstructure and the distribution of disperse, thereby obtains the material of a homogeneous.Owing to have only a single fused solution to be atomized, so can not mix uneven problem.And the compacting of atomizing molten drop can cause one to combine very closely and can not have hole basically between molten drop and molten drop.
The injection pressing of aluminium alloy itself is well-known, just it is used as an effective means here.The ball piece extruding of producing is like this become tubing so that be partitioned into single lining, also is well-known with regard to method itself.Therefore these two kinds of methods just no longer describe in detail.
The cylinder sleeve blank of producing like this and may tentatively be machined to a certain size is packaged in the crankcase, recommend here this crankcase the aluminium alloy compression casting of handy easy casting form.For this reason, the cylinder sleeve that when transfer mold opens wide ready-formed will be encapsulated is shifted onto on the pilot pin, then close pressure mold and inject die-casting material.Owing to change cooling very soon over to and make the cylinder sleeve refrigerative ability of encapsulation by pilot pin, the material of cylinder sleeve can not accepted the heat affecting of die casting fused solution under situation out of control after the die casting.The alloy that is used for die casting is hypoeutectic, therefore cast form easily.In addition, the alloy that die casting is used with regard to coefficient of thermal expansion almost is identical with the alloy that cylinder sleeve is used, so between can not produce uncontrollable thermal stresses.
After being encapsulated in cylinder sleeve in the crankcase, the former just on suitable surface, particularly on the surface 7 by machining.These machine-tooled methods-only propose boring here and bore and grind also all are well-known, therefore do not need to describe in detail more.After boring and grinding, the particulate 9 and 10 that is embedded in subsurface primary silicon crystal 8 and intermetallic phase is come out.This exposure realizes with chemical acid etching method that normally this method is not only time-consuming, and because the evaporation of pickling solution also can make the building site environment be subjected to certain pollution.In addition, do not take place unavoidably when acid etching that some is inhomogeneous, because the acid etching condition is not on all four everywhere.Need to seek a certain minimum exposure degree of depth for this reason,, even can both come work with this minimum exposure degree of depth in disadvantageous place so that in either case.Spend in initial cost, waste water and the processing thereof of the time on the acid etching, the safety precaution in building site, the expense of operating, chemical, these projects are added up and are assigned on each cylinder sleeve is an appreciable number.What the present invention here adopted is another route: being embedded in subsurface primary crystal 8 and particulate 9 and 10 is to adopt the polishing body of submissive shaping or grinding body 16 to expose with mechanical means by grinding or polishing.So not only can avoid above-mentioned these shortcomings and acid etching expense, but also can make the surface 7 of cylinder sleeve obtain using and function on benefit, this respect more detailed description will provide below.Each cylinder sleeve carries out mechanical process and exposes the expense that the expense of being caused can not exceed the process of boring and grinding.
When being tied to the mechanical process exposure, to tackle boring grinder shown in Figure 4 and make more detailed description, this boring grinder also is used to polish.Boring grinder 13 shown in the figure has a worktable 18 movably, is taking in crankcase 2 on it in a container 19.Be provided with at least one vertical axle 14 of boring and grinding on worktable 18, a honing tool 15 is housed in it, this instrument can drop in the casing bore of crankcase.The characteristics of this boring grinder are that honing tool 15 is not the hard honing stone of dress, but is equipped with many along axial felt 16 around it, because felt is submissive, so can do columnar the cooperation with the internal surface of cylinder sleeve automatically.These felt rugs just are used as the polishing body or the grinding element of form fit.Honing tool has structure to comprise that also the abrasive material support plate of polylith metal, these support plates are contained in the honing tool and can radially move also and can be pressed on the internal surface of cylinder sleeve with adjustable power.The abrasive material support plate of metal its radially outwardly a side be planar, promptly be not columnar.Thickness is that the section of coupling of the felt pad of 9mm all is to be adhesive on these flat surfaces in all cases, rather than forms a columnar surface in its outside.On the contrary, required round shape is to begin to bore and grind the polishing of shape or generate automatically when grinding under the felt bar withstands on pressure on the cylinder sleeve internal surface.Felt materials is called the felt of Stuckfilz Tm30-9 for Deutsche Industry Norm DIN61206 regulation, and the felt that another regulation of this standard is called Stuckfilz Tm32-9 also is suitable for certainly.The implication of some individual data in regulation is as follows:
M → blended,
30 → bulk density is 0.3g/cm 3Or 32 → bulk density is 0.32g/cm 3
9 → thickness is 9mm.
The hardness of used felt member is M6 (medium 6) according to DIN61200; Under the situation of the Stuckfilz Tm32-9 that adopts DIN61206, it is the hardness of F1 (hard 1) that suggestion is adopted according to DIN61200.
Must contain mechanically resistant material within it because mechanical process exposes, can grind and the grinding of amorphous or the effect of polishing medium could realize down, so on boring grinder 13, also to be provided with the device of supplying grinding medium.Be provided with a holding tank 20 on the machine side for this reason, be used for depositing the mechanically resistant material fine particles, preferably the slurries of silicon-carbide particles in the oil of boring and grinding.In order to prevent the precipitation of mechanically resistant material particulate, in holding tank, be provided with an agitator 21.Also have a recycle pump 22 with slurries from holding tank be transported to one around honing tool the ring-type spray header on cylinder sleeve and a large amount of lapping liquids are supplied to cylinder sleeve.In the process that mechanical process exposes, the honing tool of rotation is done vibratory movement up and down vertically in known manner, and all parts on surface 7 are all gone to by felt bar 16.Honing tool is constructed in known manner the felt bar can be pressed on the surface 7 by enough adjustable pressure.The pressure that mechanical process expose to use approximately from 0.3 to 0.5MPa, be preferably 0.4MPa is carried out.Adopt this machine-tooled method, the material of the matrix alloy material of position between indivedual hard particulates can be removed to a certain degree from the teeth outwards, relatively hard materials is given prominence to formed a land area 11 on the body material 12 that is worn away.Size t representative exposes the degree of depth.In this methodology, the edge of land area is by rounding, so they can leniently carry out the transition to matrix alloy material 12.The shape of this land area 11 is very favorable to piston or the piston ring that slips over thereon, because from point of view of tribology, the particulate that exposes the band sharp edge of gained mechanically resistant material with chemical method is compared, and it is less infringement.The size that exposes degree of depth t can be regardless of felt bar applied pressure, and the time length of the shape process of boring and grinding when mainly being exposed by mechanical process is determined.This is that land area can increase its fillet and wear into arcuation because of the growth along with the process-exposed time.Therefore find that mechanical process-exposed can carry out about 20 to 60 seconds in a manner described, preferably be about 40 seconds.The exposure degree of depth that draws like this is from 0.2 to 0.3 μ m approximately.Under any circumstance, all will add a surfaceness on this exposure degree of depth, this roughness has the identical order of magnitude at least, even also wants big, but this does not illustrate in Fig. 2 a.Surfaceness is to be determined by the grain-size of the mechanically resistant material particulate in the slurries 23 basically; The scope of the roughness value on mach casing surface is 0.7 to 1.0 μ m.Such roughness value and low expose the degree of depth that the consumption of lubricating oil is reduced to is extremely low, thus reach the discharging of very low hydrocarbon polymer.And the fastness to wear of the cylinder sleeve of producing like this and sliding capability are good.

Claims (8)

1. be encapsulated in the reciprocating-piston engine and, it is characterized by, unite and have following properties by the cylinder sleeve that hypereutectic silumin constitutes:
The silumin of cylinder sleeve (6) is that alloy pattern A and the B by following two kinds of replaceable uses constitutes, the mechanically resistant material particulate that this material does not contain and fused solution is irrelevant, and the numeral that wherein relates to content is a per-cent by weight:
Alloy A:
Silicon 23.0-28.0%,
Magnesium 0.80-2.0%,
Copper 3.0-4.5%,
Iron is 0.25% to the maximum,
Manganese, nickel and zinc are 0.01% in all cases to the maximum, and all the other are aluminium
Or alloy B:
Silicon 23.0-28.0%,
Magnesium 0.80-2.0%,
Copper 3.0-4.5%,
Iron 1.0%-1.4%,
Nickel 1.0-5.0%,
Manganese and zinc are 0.01% in all cases to the maximum, and all the other are aluminium;
In cylinder sleeve (6), primary silicon crystal (8) and intermetallic phase (9,10) occur with following grain-size, numeral average crystal grain diameter wherein, in μ m:
Si primary silicon crystal: 2-15 μ m,
Al 2The Cu phase: 0.1-5.0 μ m,
Mg 2The Si phase: 2.0-10.0 μ m,
Be embedded in the subsurface primary silicon crystal (8) and the intermetallic phase particulate (9 of (6) in the cylinder liner, 10) come out from meticulous mach surface (7), the land area (11) that primary crystal (8) or particulate (9,10) are exposed mode with spherical or circular arc on its periphery is connected with matrix alloy material (12).
2. according to the cylinder sleeve of claim 1, it is characterized in that:
The numeral of cylinder sleeve (6) material content is a per-cent by weight:
Alloy A:
Silicon is 25%,
Magnesium is 1.2%,
Copper is 3.9%,
Iron is 0.25% to the maximum,
Manganese, nickel and zinc are 0.01% in all cases to the maximum, all the other be aluminium or
Alloy B:
Silicon is 25%,
Magnesium is 1.2%,
Copper is 3.9%,
Iron 1.0%-1.4%,
Nickel 1.0-5.0%,
Manganese and zinc are 0.01% in all cases to the maximum, and all the other are aluminium;
In cylinder sleeve (6), the average crystal grain diameter of primary silicon crystal (8) and intermetallic phase (9,10) is in μ m:
Si primary silicon crystal: be 4.0-10.0 μ m,
Al 2The Cu phase: be 0.8-1.8 μ m,
Mg 2Si phase: be 2.5-4.5 μ m;
3. according to the cylinder sleeve of claim 1, it is characterized by the exposure degree of depth (t) from 0.2 to the 0.3 μ m that the land area (11) of primary crystal (8) or particulate (9,10) is compared with matrix alloy material (12) on every side.
4. according to the cylinder sleeve of claim 1, it is characterized by, primary crystal that is exposed (8) or particulate (9,10) are in the roughness that has Rz=0.7-1.0 μ m after the exposure on its land area that is exposed (11).
5. the method for the cylinder sleeve that constitutes by hypereutectic silumin of production claim 1, earlier alloy itself is made a tubular blank in the method, then it is encapsulated in the crankcase of a supporting of reciprocating-piston engine, further under the state in this is encapsulated in, the surface of cylinder sleeve is by machining in advance cursorily, carry out precision work with boring or turning then, at least in a grade, bore and grind subsequently, be embedded at that time in the surface than hard particulate of alloy substrate microstructure such as silicon crystal and the intermetallic phase particulate is exposed so that the land area of these particulates is projected on the remaining surface of alloy substrate microstructure, it is characterized by, unite and have following properties:
The used material of cylinder sleeve (6) is a kind of among the silumin A of following two kinds of replaceable uses and the B, and this material does not participate in into the irrelevant mechanically resistant material particulate of fused solution, and the numeral that wherein relates to content is a per-cent by weight:
Alloy A:
Silicon 23.0-28.0%,
Magnesium 0.80-2.0%,
Copper 3.0-4.5%,
Iron is 0.25% to the maximum,
Manganese, nickel and zinc are 0.01% in all cases to the maximum, and all the other are aluminium or alloy B:
Silicon 23.0-28.0%,
Magnesium 0.80-2.0%,
Copper 3.0-4.5%,
Iron 1.0%-1.4%,
Nickel 1.0-5.0%,
Manganese and zinc are 0.01% in all cases to the maximum, and all the other are aluminium;
Spray the object that can obtain a continuous increase when becoming particulate and making fused solution mist deposition at fused solution with silumin, this ball piece of at first producing has compact grained primary silicon crystal (8) and intermetallic phase particulate (9,10), the ball piece is extruded and draws the piped work in-process, can produce cylinder sleeve thus;
Fused solution is atomized into very thin particulate so that the primary silicon crystal (8) and the intermetallic phase particulate (9,10) that form all have very thin crystal grain in the ball piece that constantly increases when spraying, and their size is as follows, the numeral average crystal grain diameter, in μ m:
The Si primary crystal: 2-15 μ m,
Al 2Cu phase: 0.1-5,0 μ m,
Mg 2The Si phase: 2.0-10.0 μ m,
The surface (7) that is encapsulated in the cylinder sleeve (6) in crankcase mechanical means of available grinding or polishing after precision work makes and is embedded in subsurface primary crystal (8) and particulate (9,10) be exposed to outside the surface (7), adopt at least one is submissive, be shaped polishing body or grinding element (16) and one can grinding that grind, amorphous or polishing medium (23) at that time, this medium contains the mechanically resistant material particulate, its size must less than or equal required roughness at most.
6. according to the method for claim 5, it is characterized by, the mechanical process of primary crystal (8) and particulate (9,10) exposes and realizes with the method for boring and grinding, and adopts at that time to have the felt bar (16) of outer cylindrical and contain the particularly slurries of SiC particulate (23) of mechanically resistant material particulate at the oil of boring and grinding.
7. according to the method for claim 6, it is characterized by, the mechanical process exposure of primary crystal (8) and particulate (9,10) is pressed on the point of contact with felt bar (16) and realizes that used pressure is 0.3 to 0.5MPa, preferably is about 0.4MPa.
8. according to the method for claim 6, it is characterized by, be used for from 20 to the 60 seconds approximately lasting time of the shape process of boring and grinding palpus of the mechanical process exposure of primary crystal (8) and particulate (9,10), be preferably 40 seconds.
CN95117636A 1994-10-28 1995-10-24 Cylinder liner comprising a supereutectic aluminium/silicon alloy for sealing into a crankcase of a reciprocating piston engine and method of producing such a cylinder liner Expired - Fee Related CN1045317C (en)

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DE4438550A DE4438550C2 (en) 1994-10-28 1994-10-28 Process for producing a cylinder liner cast from a hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy into a crankcase of a reciprocating piston machine
DEP4438550.1 1994-10-28

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CN1129743A (en) 1996-08-28
GB2294471A (en) 1996-05-01
DE9422167U1 (en) 1999-05-12
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FR2726212A1 (en) 1996-05-03
DE4438550C2 (en) 2001-03-01
JP2932248B2 (en) 1999-08-09
GB9520107D0 (en) 1995-12-06
FR2726212B1 (en) 1998-08-21
KR100192072B1 (en) 1999-09-01
DE4438550A1 (en) 1996-05-02
JPH08246087A (en) 1996-09-24

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