CN104531183A - System for transforming waste combustible material recovered from building rubbish into clean gas - Google Patents
System for transforming waste combustible material recovered from building rubbish into clean gas Download PDFInfo
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- CN104531183A CN104531183A CN201510036730.1A CN201510036730A CN104531183A CN 104531183 A CN104531183 A CN 104531183A CN 201510036730 A CN201510036730 A CN 201510036730A CN 104531183 A CN104531183 A CN 104531183A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
- C10B53/06—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of oil shale and/or or bituminous rocks
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
- C10B57/04—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general using charges of special composition
- C10B57/06—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general using charges of special composition containing additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/82—Gas withdrawal means
- C10J3/84—Gas withdrawal means with means for removing dust or tar from the gas
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
- C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
- C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
- C10K1/002—Removal of contaminants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
- C10J2200/06—Catalysts as integral part of gasifiers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
- C10J2300/0946—Waste, e.g. MSW, tires, glass, tar sand, peat, paper, lignite, oil shale
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0983—Additives
- C10J2300/0986—Catalysts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
- C10J2300/1603—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with gas treatment
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- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a system for transforming a waste combustible material recovered from building rubbish into clean gas. The system is characterized in that the waste combustible material recovered from the building rubbish is subjected to pyrolysis gasification in a temperature-controlled pyrolysis furnace, then subjected to primary purification and secondary purification and then subjected to primary separation and secondary separation; after the secondary separation, a tail gas is led out by using an air blower to be subjected to tertiary purification. The invention also discloses a process for gasifying the combustible material from the building rubbish. The system and process which are disclosed by the invention have the advantages of very high pertinence on the combustible material from the building rubbish, low tar content and low content of harmful substances contained in the tail gas.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the recycling of the waste combustible materials from building waste, be particularly translated into the system of clean gas.
Technical background
In recent years, along with the continuous increase of city size and deepening continuously of Urbanization Construction process, increasingly the increase of refuse production, and the many unvanquishable problem adopting traditional treatment method to come out, make refuse pyrolysis treatment technology more and more be subject to people to pay close attention to, especially for more than kitchen, plastics, domestic waste that rubber equal size is higher, its pyrolytic gasification process more can show value.Because municipal solid waste classification is various, pyrolytic gasification process is quite complicated, and in pyrolytic gasification process, existing macromolecular cleavage becomes small molecules, there is again small molecules and aggregates into more macromolecular possibility.
There is a certain amount of various waste combustible materials in building waste regenerant, be characterized in complicated component, partly have certain pollution or even toxic substance.
Domestic waste is except compost, landfill disposal, and incineration technology subtracts the advantage of appearance feature and heat energy recycle because of its significant decrement, and is widely adopted. but produce sour gas, heavy metal and two problems in burning process and can not be ignored.Refuse gasification treatment technology, subtracts capacitive owing to having low, the significant decrement of pollutant emission and produces the advantages such as inflammable gas, becoming new study hotspot gradually.In domestic garbage gasification, Chinese scholars, by gasification domestic wastes such as ebullated bed, fluidized-bed, fixed beds, systematically have studied.
Pyrolytic gasification method (or being called for short pyrolysis method or evaporating method) has multiple advantage, is mainly reflected in as follows: (1) efficiency of combustion is high.Belong to gas, solid inhomogeneous reaction because rubbish directly burns, rubbish as solid matter, the non-constant of diffustivity, Combination, thus efficiency of combustion is lower, easily produces hazardous and noxious substances in combustion processes simultaneously; And the gaseous product that pyrolysis produces and tar, belong to homogeneous combustion, sufficient combustion, efficiency are high; (2) combustion processes easily controls, and rubbish composition is complicated, and between each component, physicochemical property differs greatly, if directly burn, point of ignition, the speed of response of each component differ greatly, and are difficult to stability contorting; And product combustion processes homogeneous stability after refuse pyrolysis, be convenient to control; (3) pollute low, without the need to secondary treatment.If rubbish simply burns and controls not in place, except very easily producing violent in toxicity " dioxin ", also can discharge a large amount of flying dust containing toxic substance and residue, need secondary treatment.Pyrolysis owing to being homogeneous phase, anaerobic decomposition, final product mainly CO after pyrolysis product burns again
2and H
2o, subtract capacity large, remaining breeze is less, is conducive to alleviating the secondary pollution to atmospheric environment simultaneously.
Biomass, also can the byproduct such as association tar and carbon residue while pyrolysis aerogenesis.The existence of tar can reduce factor of created gase and thermo-efficiency, more seriously when low temperature, tar also can be condensed into liquid state, being easy to combines with water and dust blocks and etching apparatus, equipment is caused normally to work time serious, therefore require the output of tar to be reduced to minimum, to improve the quality of pyrolysis gas.In various measure, the catalytic pyrolysis of tar is considered to the most efficient a kind of technological process, and this technique is that tar conversion is become micromolecular permanent gases, is utilized together with combustible gas.
CN101565647A discloses the pretreatment process that fuel utilization made by one way of life rubbish, comprise the sorting technology of garbage fuel, domestic refuse is it is characterized in that to pass through primary election, fragmentation or broken bag, screening, pneumatic floating selection by winnowing and air-dry operation, reach the moisture content and inorganic content that reduce garbage fuel, improve the calorific value of garbage fuel, domestic refuse is utilized as the gasified raw material of vapourizing furnace, or make domestic refuse not need interpolation conventional fuel for combustion supporting just can realize stable burning in incinerator, wherein: the domestic refuse of complicated component is separated into Bulky Waste in primary election operation, smallclothes rubbish, bulk building waste, Bulky Waste is carried out fragmentation by crusher, sub-elects waste wood particle as fuel utilization, smallclothes rubbish by the laggard row filter of broken bag operation, removing silt particle, sends the composting on sieve into pneumatic floating air float separator and carries out selection by winnowing separation, working air current in pneumatic floating air float separator from bottom to top moves, composting rolls at selection by winnowing functional compartments inner suspension, reach loose condition (of surface), rubbish material is by density stratification, form light material suspension zone and middle heavier feeds suspension zone, low-moisture lightweight organism is drawn by the lightweight organic outlet of side, light material suspension zone, high-moisture, middle heavy organics are exported by heavy organics in side, middle heavier feeds suspension zone and draw, and heavy inorganics is discharged from the outlet bottom pneumatic floating air float separator, send into air dryer from pneumatic floating air float separator isolated low moisture lightweight organism and carry out air-dry process, become garbage fuel, from pneumatic floating air float separator isolated high-moisture, heavy organics feeding squeezing dehydration device carries out processed, and the organic solid waste material after dehydration is sent into air dryer and removed moisture further, becomes garbage fuel, the wherein one of following manner is adopted to utilize through pretreated garbage fuel: a. sends garbage fuel into vapourizing furnace and is converted into synthetic gas by gasification reaction, b. garbage fuel feeding incinerator or Industrial Boiler are carried out burning disposal, be converted into heat energy, c. garbage fuel is pulverized, add additive, produce highdensity shaped fuel with compressed moulding equipment.
CN103727542A discloses a kind of garbage pyrolysis furnace, it is characterized in that comprising depression bar, gripping unit, taper bell, opening for feed, gas-liquid mixture collection channel, pipeline, holding pad, furnace shell, automatic firing mechanism, oxygen supply, production well, divider, air is responsible for, stove pin, solid discharge, taper bell is arranged on body of heater top, conical furnace covers and is provided with opening for feed, gripping unit is arranged on depression bar, depression bar is through taper bell, depression bar bottom is connected with holding pad, upper of furnace body is provided with gas-liquid mixture collection channel and pipeline, lower portion of furnace body is provided with solid discharge, oxygen supply and automatic firing mechanism are evenly distributed on bottom of furnace body, oxygen supply is the pipeline of upper end closed, duct wall has evenly downward-sloping production well.
CN1554893A discloses a kind of refuse pyrolysis vapourizing furnace, mainly comprises the body of heater that upper end has dog-house, is provided with thermal insulation layer, is provided with water-cooled layer between thermal insulation layer and the inwall of body of heater in the inner chamber of body of heater; In the inner chamber of thermal insulation layer, be provided with distributor near dog-house place, distributor is connected with the first follower gear, the first motor by transmission shaft; The lower ending opening place of body of heater is provided with skim gate, and skim gate is connected with the second motor by the second follower gear; Be provided with airway, one end of airway is through skim gate and body of heater, and its mouth of pipe end is at the air guide entrance of bottom place formation one umbrella of body of heater, and the other end terminates in bottom it through ash separator.
CN1903457A discloses a kind of pyrolysis charring method of municipal wastes, it is characterized in that the charring process of rubbish at least comprises following process, the pyrolysis charring process of rubbish, the pyrolysis gas produced in pyrolysis charring process except acid gas process, the combustion processes of pyrolysis gas, pyrolysis gas burning after High Temperature Gas in pyrolysis oven to the process of rubbish transferring heat; And the arbitrary temp of pyrolysis between 250 DEG C to 650 DEG C carries out.
CN104006389A discloses a kind of refuse pyrolysis method for gasifying and incinerating, and described refuse pyrolysis method for gasifying and incinerating comprises the following steps: (A1) rubbish enters in pyrolytic gasification stove after predrying; Air enters in stove from the top of described pyrolytic gasification stove and bottom; (A2) rubbish pyrolysis in decline process, gasification in described pyrolytic gasification stove, the inflammable gas of generation is drawn in the middle part of vapourizing furnace; (A3) residual carbon continues to move down in vapourizing furnace, and reacts with the air generating gasification that bottom enters, and the inflammable gas of generation is drawn in the middle part of vapourizing furnace, and the ashes of generation are discharged from the ash discharging hole bottom vapourizing furnace.
CN103357411A discloses one and carries out waste and coal, mainly comprises calcium based catalysts of the material pyrolysis aerogenic composition regulation and control such as domestic refuse, agriculture and forestry organic waste material, municipal sludge, mud, waste rubber, plastic waste, tail coal and preparation method thereof.Use this catalyzer, the inflammable gas productive rate in material pyrolytic process can be improved, and make partial CO 2 convert carbon monoxide to, thus implement the regulation and control of gaseous constituent.This catalyzer is with carbonate mineral (comprising mine tailing) for raw material, by broken, sieve, calcine, be processed into the catalyzer with different shapes and globule size.
WO2011/000513A1 discloses a kind of comprehensive waste treatment system and method, it comprises the use in combustiblerefuse source, for being separated the separator of described combustiblerefuse from recyclable material, for by dry for described combustiblerefuse to produce the vacuum drier of pyrolysis feed and to be used for described pyrolysis feed pyrolytic decomposition to generate the pyrolyzer of coke and pyrolysis gas.For the system and method generated electricity, comprise according to refuse disposal system of the present invention or method, also comprise oxidizer, for the heat that the synthetic gas high temperature oxidation produced from described pyrolysis feed is used for generation generating electricity.
EP1121691A2 discloses a decomposition device of organic waste and method, and this device comprises two reactors of series connection, and each reactor employs the superheated vapour of oxygen enhancing to decompose various organic compound to reduce quality and volume.When steam/oxygen mixture injects the fluidized-bed of ceramic bead, decompose rapidly.The speed of fluidization gas mixture stirreds ceramic bead, helps solid waste cracked, and oxygen makes some oxidizing reaction carry out compensating drying, pyrolysis and steam to reform to the demand of heat again.Most of pyrolysis occurs in the first step, sets up the second stage for making pyrolysis complete, and by using coreagent change the oxidation state of inorganics and use the temperature of energy separating metal refuse, thus adjustment or gasification waste form.
US20110048915A1 discloses and a kind ofly processes refuse and obtain the method for hydrocarbon polymer from daily life and industrial organic waste through pyrolysis.The method of process refuse comprises: carry out the pyrolysis of the first and second stages; Separation pyrolyzing product becomes several part; Process every part and obtain useful product.While implementing subordinate phase pyrolysis, electromagnetic action is carried out to pyrolysis product.Have a pyrolysis reactor in the device of implementation method, it is made up of two portions.At the second section of reactor, the former of electromagnetic action is installed.The outlet of second section is connected with the steam gas product separation system of pyrolysis.Technical result is: improve the effect of process refuse and obtain product that is solid-state, liquid and gaseous state fuel element form.In pyrolysis, use soda as catalyzer.
" biomass supercritical water gasification hydrogen production Research advance in catalysts for production ", Wang Yixue etc., chemical research and application, 25th volume the 1st phase, in January, 2013,7-11 page plucks the domestic and international progress reviewing biomass gasification hydrogen-producing used catalyst in supercritical water, the five class catalyzer such as alkali catalyst, metal-based catalysts, metal oxide catalyst, carbon class catalyzer, ore class all can improve vaporization rate and hydrogen yield in various degree, selected by the ratio of catalyzer, propose effective catalyzer and support of the catalyst.
But, as described above, in the above prior art, mainly for be domestic refuse, the technique that the building waste combustiblematerials of shortage to the larger component difference of existence gasifies and device, in existing treatment process, remain in the problem generating a large amount of tar, poor and the catalyzed reaction temperature drift of conventional tar destruction catalyst effect adopted, the harmful substance contents in addition in common process in tail gas is higher.This area needs a kind ofly the combustiblematerials from building waste to be carried out gasify and solve gasifying process and the device of tar Generating Problems and pollution problem.
Summary of the invention
For solving the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, the present inventor, through further investigation and great many of experiments, proposes following technical scheme:
In one aspect of the invention, provide the waste combustible materials clean gas conversion process that a kind of building waste reclaims, this technique comprise the combustiblematerials reclaimed from building waste is carried out comprehensive Feedstock treating after in temperature control pyrolyzer, carry out pyrolysis gasification, then first class purification and secondary purification is carried out, carry out flash trapping stage and the second-order separation again, after the second-order separation, use blower fan to be drawn by tail gas and carry out three grades of purifications.
There is a certain amount of various waste combustible materials in building waste regenerant, be characterized in that complicated component, usually part have certain pollution or even toxic substance.Therefore they carried out gasifying transforming and prepare clean gas (such as stalk manufacture clean gas) with conventional gasifying biomass there is a great difference in technology and equipment, the two simply can not exchange use.
In comprehensive material processing unit of the present invention, usually such as raw material can be carried out the process such as fragmentation or pulverizing.Particularly preferably, in comprehensive Feedstock treating, charcoal participates in preparation raw material, namely adds charcoal as coke powder, for regulating temperature and degraded objectionable impurities.The part by weight of charcoal and combustible waste material is 1:1000 to 1:10.Infer its reason, the temperature adding combustible waste material particle surrounding microenvironment when can improve cracking of charcoal, in addition, by regulating the add-on of charcoal, the temperature of combustible waste material particle surrounding microenvironment can be controlled, charcoal has certain adsorption simultaneously, has adsorption to the toxic substance usually existed in building waste regenerant, and the burning being therefore conducive to these toxic substances when burning further is removed.Such comprehensive treatment mode is not recorded in the prior art, neither ordinary skill in the art means, and its effect obtained also is that those skilled in the art institute is unanticipated.
Preferably, first class purification is used for except tar removing.The existence of tar can reduce factor of created gase and thermo-efficiency, more seriously when low temperature, tar also can be condensed into liquid state, being easy to combines with water and dust blocks and etching apparatus, the equipment tar that cannot normally work is caused to have larger toughness time serious, therefore should remove in time, otherwise can subsequent technique be affected.In addition, the tar just having left temperature control pyrolyzer still has higher temperature, and usually in gaseous state, thus now easily purifies removing.
Preferably, secondary purification is for removing lime-ash, carbon residue material.Lime-ash and carbon residue are also the materials often produced in gasification, and it can carry out purification by such as cyclonic separation and remove.
Preferably, flash trapping stage is for separating of going out H
2, CO, CO
2, CH
4, C
2h
4and/or C
2h
6gas.These gases can use as comprehensive combustion gas, thus improve the added value of whole technique.
Preferably, the second-order separation is for separating of going out fine ash.In the aforementioned purification of experience and separating step, remain at some very thin ash contents in tail gas, such as particle diameter is the ash particles of 10-100 μm, needs are isolated, on the one hand to be conducive to the carrying out of three grades, downstream purification, lime-ash in these fine ash and secondary purification, carbon residue can be merged on the other hand, the carrier as pyrolysis gasification catalyzer uses.
Preferably, three grades of purifications are for removing dioxin and/or furans.Dioxin and these objectionable impuritiess of furans before discharging, must decompose by tail gas completely.Its purifying treatment can comprise the thermolysis 2 seconds-8 seconds at the temperature of 1200 DEG C-2000 DEG C of the gas from the second-order separation, then by tail gas quenching to 70 DEG C-100 DEG C, thus described objectionable impurities resolves into small-molecule substance completely, such as atom level (as carbon and inorganic components), and the material such as carbon that decomposition can be made under the effect of quenching to produce settles down.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, during building waste reclaims, various waste combustible materials hopper after comprehensive Feedstock treating sends temperature control pyrolyzer to, temperature control cracking in stove also produces complicated gas, pass through two-step purification, after two-stage is separated, carry out three grades of purifications again, form clean inflammable gas, and incite somebody to action wherein foreign material, dregs, dust, water vapour, acid solution, complicated tar etc. is separated and discharges, wherein hazardous and noxious substances is cleaved, degraded enters dregs, acid solution, discharge respectively in tar, in comprehensive Feedstock treating, charcoal participates in preparation raw material, for regulating temperature and degraded objectionable impurities.
In a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, before the combustiblematerials will reclaimed from building waste sends into temperature control pyrolyzer, it is fully mixed with catalyzer.As mentioned before, the existence of tar can reduce factor of created gase and thermo-efficiency, more seriously, when low temperature, tar also can be condensed into liquid state, and being easy to combines with water and dust blocks and etching apparatus, causes equipment normally to work time serious, therefore require the output of tar to be reduced to minimum, to improve the quality of pyrolysis gas.In various measure, the catalytic pyrolysis of tar is considered to the most efficient a kind of technological process, and this technique is that tar conversion is become micromolecular permanent gases, is utilized together with combustible gas.The present inventor, through large quantity research, develops a kind of catalyzer that effectively can decompose tar, and this catalyzer comprises carrier and load activeconstituents on the carrier, and wherein carrier is flyash, and catalytic active component is NiO, CuO, Fe
2o
3the composite oxides of three kinds of oxide compounds, this catalyzer can be expressed as NiO-CuO-Fe
2o
3/ flyash, wherein the mol ratio of Ni, Cu, Fe is (5-10): (1-2): (10-20), based on overall catalyst weight gauge, NiO-CuO-Fe
2o
3the content of composite oxides is 2-10%.Preferably, described NiO-CuO-Fe
2o
3composite oxides are nano level, and its particle diameter is 5-80nm.Use flyash as support of the catalyst in this catalyzer, flyash is rapid combustion in cracking process, thus quickly can improve the problem of catalyst activity component surrounding local environment, thus catalyst active component is played a role fast and efficiently, even if good coke tar cracking effect also can be played under lower furnace temperature, and the decomposable asymmetric choice net of flyash own, noresidue.In the preparation of catalyzer, can by purification with is separated in the lime-ash of acquisition, carbon residue, fine ash mix with flyash, to improve resource utilization.The design of described active ingredient, effectively can decompose tar, and the tar yield in whole technique is greatly reduced.Such catalyzer, previously there is not been reported, is to the present invention is directed to design targetedly from the concrete compositing characteristic of the combustiblematerials of building waste recovery, and its design process takes a large amount of work.
This catalyzer can adopt the dipping calcination method of this area routine to be prepared.Particularly, a certain amount of NiCl is taken according to the above ratio
26H
2o, Cu (NO
3)
23H
2o, Fe (NO
3)
39H
2o and citric acid, add deionized water dissolving, stir, be made into the solution that concentration is 0.5-1.5mol/L, take a certain amount of flyash and put into bottom three-necked bottle, the solution prepared is poured in three-necked bottle, be placed in constant-temperature heating magnetic stirring apparatus oil bath heating, at 60-120 DEG C of temperature, stir 1h-10h, then put into loft drier 100 DEG C of-150 DEG C of dry 12h, subsequently the catalyst precursor obtained is placed in retort furnace 500 DEG C-800 DEG C calcining 1h-6h, namely obtains the NiO-CuO-Fe of chocolate
2o
3/ flyash catalyzer.
In the process, can by described catalyzer with from the combustiblematerials of building waste with 1:(100-10000), the weight ratio mixing of such as 1:1000.Agitator can be adopted to be mixed.
Described flyash is preferably past the flyash of modification, and this flyash through modification obtains by the following method: add based on flyash weighing scale 1.0-2.0%Ca (OH) to flyash
2, 0.5-1.0%CaCl
2and 0.5-1.0%CaSO
4, add the water based on flyash weighing scale 5.0-10.0% after stirring, again stir, then carry out being dried to water-content lower than 0.5 % by weight.Described containing promoting the carrying out that char Gasification reacts adding of Ca material, and formed multiple containing calcium complex at carrier surface, make the table of particle and there is polar activation position, can adsorbing hydrocarbon, c h bond is ruptured, promotes the decomposition of tar and macromolecular hydrocarbon (as flyash).
Certainly, also in temperature control pyrolyzer, combustiblematerials can be mixed with catalyzer original position.Such as, jet apparatus can be adopted to be injected in combustiblematerials by catalyst fines.
On the other hand, the invention provides a kind of equipment combustiblematerials from building waste being carried out gasify, comprise comprehensive material processing unit, temperature control pyrolyzer, first class purification device, second cleaner, primary separator, second-stage separator, roots blower, three grade purifiers and at interior connecting tube, it is characterized in that, described temperature control pyrolyzer outer wall is provided with spiral flue, described flue is connected with the thermosistor input terminus be arranged on temperature control pyrolyzer, described thermosistor output terminal is connected with first class purification device, termination first class purification device before second cleaner, rear end is connected with primary separator, cyclonic separator is provided with in second cleaner, described cyclonic separator is connected with the vapour outlet be located on second cleaner, roots blower is connected with second-stage separator, three grade purifiers respectively, be provided with drying machine in three grade purifiers, drying machine one end is connected with the outlet conduit of three grade purifiers, and the other end of moisture eliminator is connected with exhaust pipe, and described exhaust pipe is provided with vacuum breaker.
Described comprehensive material processing unit can realize charcoal to mix with waste combustible materials.
Preferably, be also provided with gas scrubber in described first class purification device, the bottom of described gas scrubber is provided with outlet and connects settling tank.
Preferably, described temperature control pyrolyzer end is provided with moisture eliminator, and described moisture eliminator is connected with first class purification device by gas collector, is provided with dust-filtering net in described gas collector.
In particularly preferred embodiments, comprise can the jet apparatus of jet catalyst powder for described temperature control pyrolyzer.
Described blower fan is preferably roots blower.
By adopting system of the present invention and technique, clean gas can be produced by the waste combustible materials reclaimed from building waste, combustion gas reaches standard completely through venomous injurant quality detection, combustion gas is colourless, free from extraneous odour, smoke dust when burning, discharge meets national standard completely, can be directly used in the use such as industrial heating, energy supply.The outstanding advantages such as system of the present invention and technique have pollution-free, zero release, cost is low, output is large, convenient use.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing 1 is the structural representation of the waste combustible materials clean gas conversion system that building waste according to the present invention reclaims;
In figure, 1 is comprehensive material processing unit; 2 is temperature control pyrolyzer; 3 is first class purification device; 4 is second cleaner; 5 is primary separator; 6 is second-stage separator; 7 is roots blower; 8 is three grade purifiers and at interior connecting tube.
Embodiment:
Embodiment 1
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described.
The waste combustible materials clean gas conversion system that a kind of building waste of the present invention reclaims, this system comprises comprehensive material processing unit 1, temperature control pyrolyzer 2, first class purification device 3, second cleaner 4, primary separator 5, second-stage separator 6, roots blower 7, three grade purifiers and at interior connecting tube 8, described temperature control pyrolyzer outer wall is provided with spiral flue, described flue is connected with the thermosistor input terminus be arranged on temperature control pyrolyzer 2, described thermosistor output terminal is connected with first class purification device 3, termination first class purification device 3 before second cleaner 4, rear end is connected with primary separator 3, cyclonic separator is provided with in second cleaner 4, described cyclonic separator is connected with the vapour outlet be located on second cleaner 4, roots blower is connected with second-stage separator 6, three grade purifier 8 respectively, be provided with drying machine in three grade purifiers 8, drying machine one end is connected with the outlet conduit of three grade purifiers 8, and the other end of moisture eliminator is connected with exhaust pipe, and described exhaust pipe is provided with vacuum breaker.Also be provided with gas scrubber in described first class purification device, the bottom of described gas scrubber is provided with outlet and connects settling tank.Described temperature control pyrolyzer end is provided with moisture eliminator, and described moisture eliminator is connected with first class purification device 3 by gas collector, is provided with dust-filtering net in described gas collector.
This system of the present invention is compared with general waste incineration processing system, owing to adopting three grades of settings purified, emission purification is effective, greatly reduces in garbage processing procedure to the pollution of environment, and can the daily building waste of fast processing, energy recovery utilization ratio is high.
Embodiment 2
The clean gas using the system of embodiment 1 to carry out the combustiblematerials reclaimed from building waste transforms, wherein the waste combustible materials reclaimed from building waste is carried out pyrolysis gasification in temperature control pyrolyzer, then first class purification and secondary purification is carried out, carry out flash trapping stage and the second-order separation again, after the second-order separation, use blower fan to be drawn by tail gas and carry out three grades of purifications.Described building waste is the rubbish of demolishing buildings, and its combustiblematerials comprises woodwork, plastics, yarn fabric etc.The catalyzer used in cracking process comprises carrier and load activeconstituents on the carrier, and wherein carrier is flyash, and catalytic active component is NiO, CuO, Fe
2o
3the composite oxides of three kinds of oxide compounds, this catalyzer is expressed as NiO-CuO-Fe
2o
3/ flyash, wherein the mol ratio of Ni, Cu, Fe is 5:1:15, based on overall catalyst weight gauge, NiO-CuO-Fe
2o
3the content of composite oxides is 5%.Mixed with the weight ratio of 1:2000 with combustiblematerials by this catalyzer, temperature control pyrolyzer temperature is 650 DEG C, and the weight ratio of charcoal and waste combustible raw material is 1:300.After testing, the content leaving the tar in gas of temperature control pyrolyzer is 0.73%, does not detect dioxin and furans in emission.
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 and the difference of embodiment 2 are only to use conventional pyrolysis gasification device, wherein only have first class purification, secondary purification and flash trapping stage.The total content of emission Zhong dioxin and furans is 1.72ppm (v).
Comparative example 2
Comparative example 2 and the difference of embodiment 2 are only to use conventional nickel-base catalyst NiO/Al
2o
3.After testing, the content leaving the tar in gas of temperature control pyrolyzer is 9.11%.
Comparative example 3
Comparative example 3 is only not add charcoal in comprehensive Feedstock treating with the difference of embodiment 2.The content leaving the tar in gas of temperature control pyrolyzer is 0.88%, does not detect dioxin and furans in emission.
Contrasted by the above results and can clearly be seen that, when adopting " three grades of purification+two-stages are separated " of the present invention technique, effectively can eliminate dioxin and furans in tail gas, simultaneously when adopting catalyzer of the present invention, tar can be made effectively to be decomposed, and the tar in gas content leaving pyrolysis gasification stove is reduced to original less than 1/10.In addition, adding of charcoal can reduce tar content further, and this has the meaning of particularly important for suitability for industrialized production.All these effects are all that those skilled in the art are unforeseeable.
The open the present invention of this written description use-case, comprises optimal mode, and also enables those skilled in the art manufacture and use the present invention.Of the present inventionly the scope of granted patent can be defined by the claims, and other example that those skilled in the art expect can be comprised.If other example this has the structural element of the literal language not differing from claims, if or other example this comprises and the equivalent structure element of the literal language of claims without substantial differences, then other example this is intended to be within the scope of claims.Can not cause under inconsistent degree, be incorporated herein by reference to by all references part of reference herein.
Claims (10)
1. the waste combustible materials clean gas conversion system of a building waste recovery, this system comprises comprehensive material processing unit, temperature control pyrolyzer, first class purification device, second cleaner, primary separator, second-stage separator, roots blower, three grade purifiers and at interior connecting tube, it is characterized in that, described temperature control pyrolyzer outer wall is provided with spiral flue, described flue is connected with the thermosistor input terminus be arranged on temperature control pyrolyzer, described thermosistor output terminal is connected with first class purification device, termination first class purification device before second cleaner, rear end is connected with primary separator, cyclonic separator is provided with in second cleaner, described cyclonic separator is connected with the vapour outlet be located on second cleaner, roots blower is connected with second-stage separator, three grade purifiers respectively, be provided with drying machine in three grade purifiers, drying machine one end is connected with the outlet conduit of three grade purifiers, and the other end of moisture eliminator is connected with exhaust pipe, and described exhaust pipe is provided with vacuum breaker.
2. system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, is also provided with gas scrubber in described first class purification device, and the bottom of described gas scrubber is provided with outlet and connects settling tank.
3. system according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, described temperature control pyrolyzer end is provided with moisture eliminator, and described moisture eliminator is connected with first class purification device by gas collector, is provided with dust-filtering net in described gas collector.
4. the waste combustible materials clean gas conversion process of a building waste recovery, this system comprise the combustiblematerials reclaimed from building waste is carried out comprehensive Feedstock treating after in temperature control pyrolyzer, carry out pyrolysis gasification, then first class purification and secondary purification is carried out, carry out flash trapping stage and the second-order separation again, after the second-order separation, use blower fan to be drawn by tail gas and carry out three grades of purifications.
5. technique according to claim 4, wherein first class purification is used for except tar removing.
6. the technique according to claim 4 or 5, wherein secondary purification is for removing lime-ash, carbon residue material.
7. the technique according to any one of claim 4-6, wherein flash trapping stage is for separating of going out H
2, CO, CO
2, CH
4, C
2h
4and/or C
2h
6gas.
8. the technique according to any one of claim 4-7, wherein the second-order separation is for separating of going out fine ash.
9. the technique according to any one of claim 4-8, wherein three grades of purifications are for removing dioxin and/or furans.
10. the technique according to any one of claim 4-9, wherein before the combustiblematerials will reclaimed from building waste sends into temperature control pyrolyzer, fully mixes it with catalyzer.
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