CN104522018A - Synergistic herbicidal compositions - Google Patents

Synergistic herbicidal compositions Download PDF

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CN104522018A
CN104522018A CN201410693433.XA CN201410693433A CN104522018A CN 104522018 A CN104522018 A CN 104522018A CN 201410693433 A CN201410693433 A CN 201410693433A CN 104522018 A CN104522018 A CN 104522018A
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herbicidal
weed
herbicidal combinations
composition
herbicide
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金都淳
李钟南
黄基焕
具石镇
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LG Corp
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LG Life Sciences Ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N41/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a sulfur atom bound to a hetero atom
    • A01N41/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a sulfur atom bound to a hetero atom containing a sulfur-to-oxygen double bond
    • A01N41/04—Sulfonic acids; Derivatives thereof
    • A01N41/06—Sulfonic acid amides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
    • A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
    • A01N47/28—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N<
    • A01N47/36—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N< containing the group >N—CO—N< directly attached to at least one heterocyclic ring; Thio analogues thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • A01N43/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom six-membered rings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/48—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/54—1,3-Diazines; Hydrogenated 1,3-diazines

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a synergistic herbicidal composition comprising N-[[(4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)amino]carbonyl]-2-[2-fluoro-1-(methoxymethylcarbonyloxy)propyl]-3-pyridine sulfonamide or N-[[(4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)amino]carbonyl]-2-[2-fluoro-l-(hydroxy)propyl]-3-pyridine sulfonamide and other herbicidal active materials as active ingredient. The herbicidal composition of the present invention can increase the herbicidal efficacy against major weeds, and can reduce the use amount of active ingredients per unit area, due to the synergistic effect by mixing two herbicidal active ingredient having different physiological functions or different herbicidal activities.

Description

Synergistic herbicide compositions
The divisional application of the application to be denomination of invention be Chinese invention patent application No.201210535111.3 of " Synergistic herbicide compositions ", its applying date is on December 16th, 2005, and priority date is on December 17th, 2004.
The present invention relates to a kind of Synergistic herbicide compositions, containing following formula (1) compound N-[[(4, 6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidine radicals) amino] carbonyl]-2-[the fluoro-1-of 2-(methoxy carbonyl oxygen base) propyl group]-3-pyridine sulfonamide or following formula (2) compound N-[[(4, 6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidine radicals) amino] carbonyl] and-2-[the fluoro-1-of 2-(hydroxyl) propyl group]-3-pyridine sulfonamide with there are the physiological function different from formula (1) or (2) compound or other herbicidal active compoundses of different activity of weeding, it is characterized in that compared with single agents, activity of weeding increases, herbicidal spectrum is widened, save the consumption of active component.Particularly, the present invention relates to a kind of Herbicidal combinations, containing formula (1) or (2) compound, other active components of light compositing inhibitor bentazone, protogen IX oxidase inhibitor carfentrazoneethyl and growth hormone type weed killer herbicide are selected from one or more, it is characterized in that the collaborative enhancing of activity of weeding to perennial weed and sulfonylurea herbicide-resistant weed, avoid being down to minimum to the antagonism or make it of grassy weed particularly Echinochloa control, and improve the safety to rice foliar spray.
Background technology
The present invention relates to a kind of Synergistic herbicide compositions, containing N-[[(4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidine radicals) amino] carbonyl]-2-[the fluoro-1-of 2-(methoxy carbonyl oxygen base) propyl group]-3-pyridine sulfonamide or N-[[(4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidine radicals) is amino] carbonyl]-2-[the fluoro-1-of 2-(hydroxyl) propyl group]-3-pyridine sulfonamide and other herbicidal active compoundses are as active component.
In plant husbandry, control suppresses plant growth and the weeds causing output to reduce and cover crop are very important.In order to reduce the loss caused due to the weeds in crop genetics, as grown difference or crop yield reduces, developing some and can effectively prevent and treat described weeds and herbicidal active component to crop safety.Up to the present, the registered and weeds for preventing and treating some crop of the weed killer herbicide developed in a large number are had.Weed killer herbicide for preventing and treating the weeds in specific crop genetics should have sufficiently high activity of weeding and broad herbicidal spectrum, and response environment and crop safe enough.But not every weed killer herbicide can meet above-mentioned requirements completely.
The increase activity of weeding the most often used and the method for the herbicidal spectrum widening existing weed killer herbicide are the herbicidal active compounds mixing two or more with different activity of weeding.If mix two or more herbicidal active compoundses, the herbicide action outstanding than independent herbicide application (singly executing) may be demonstrated.So, when the effect of the mixture of two or more compositions is greater than the expection effort levels of each composition, we are referred to as " synergistic effect ".But the synergistic effect existed in the Herbicidal mixture of two or more herbicidal active compoundses described is only visible in some circumstances.Due to the difference of the aspects such as herbicidal performance, absorption ratio, transfer, metabolism, activity of weeding singly the executing lower than each composition of most of mixture." antagonism " represents herbicide action singly the executing lower than each composition of such situation i.e. mixture of two or more herbicidal active compoundses." addition " represents that the herbicide action of such situation i.e. mixture of two or more herbicidal active compoundses is identical with singly executing of each composition.
Meanwhile, Korean Patent KR10-0399366 (application number 10-2000-0059990) discloses a kind of herbicidal active compounds of sulfonylurea herbicide, following formula (1) compound [ISO advises name: flucetosulfuron].
Known described flucetosulfuron soil execute or in foliar spray to rice, wheat, barley (optimum amount: 10-40g active ingredient/ha) and gramineous plants (optimum amount: 50-200g active ingredient/ha) safety, and to multiple weed species as broad leaved weed, grassy weed (Gramineae), sedge weed (Cyperaceae), annual and perennial weed etc. have outstanding control of weeds effect.
Korean Patent KR10-0107924 (application number 10-1993-0006915) discloses another kind of sulfonylurea herbicide herbicidal active compounds, following formula (2) compound N-[[(4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidine radicals) is amino] carbonyl]-2-[the fluoro-1-of 2-(hydroxyl) propyl group]-3-pyridine sulfonamide:
Known above-claimed cpd can effectively prevent unifacial leaf or broadleaf weed as barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli), Monochoria vaginalis (Monochoria vaginalis) or short arrowhead (Sagittaria pygmaea), and to rice safety.
But, have been reported the N-[[(4 of flucetosulfuron when formula (1) and formula (2), 6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidine radicals) amino] carbonyl]-2-[the fluoro-1-of 2-(hydroxyl) propyl group]-3-pyridine sulfonamide is when being applied to rice field by foliar spray and soil, they are to some grassy weeds; Sulfonylurea herbicide-resistance ecotype in the Monochoria vaginalis developed due to long-term continuous administration sulfonylurea herbicide, firefly Lin (Scirpus juncoides), Vandellia and difformed galingale herb (Cyperus difformis); Low with the herbicide action of some perennial weeds as Eleocharis kuroguwai, Herba Cyperi Glomerati, wild arrowhead (Sagittariatrifolia) etc.And, when being used for wheat or barley field by foliar spray, they to some grassy weeds as large fringe amur foxtail (Alopecurs myosuroides), Poa L. etc. and broad leaved weed as Veronica persica (Veronica persica) and the herbicide action of arable land violet low.In addition, in the control of weeds of turf, they are low to the herbicide action of Veronica persica and annual bluegrass (Poa annua).
Light compositing inhibitor is a kind of weed killer herbicide showing its activity of weeding by disturbing or block electron transmission in the photosynthesis of plant with inhibited photosynthesis, absorbs mainly through processed leaf.This weed killer herbicide is quick-acting in the display of processed region, because it is safer to gramineous crop, through being usually used in rice, Wheat and barley.Bentazone, a kind of representational light compositing inhibitor herbicides, be widely used in wheat, barley and rice mainly through foliar spray, soil is executed only for rice.Bentazone can not prevent and treat grassy weed in singly executing, therefore only for preventing and treating broad leaved weed.But, in order to prevent and treat grassy weed, particularly barnyard grass, bentazone is often with to kill grass family agent used in combination, it is described that to kill grass family agent be (suppress the weed killer herbicide of acetyl-CoA carboxylase for the effective especially weed killer herbicide of control grassy weed such as acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitor, acetyl coenzyme A is the important enzyme in the synthesis of a kind of fatty acid biological, also referred to as ACC enzyme inhibitor, chemically be divided into aryloxyphenoxypropionic and cyclohexanedione, wherein cyhalofop-butyl etc. belong to the former, and methoxyphenone belongs to the latter).Its representative example is the mixture of bentazone and cyhalofop-butyl.When killing grass family agent and using in singly executing as cyhalofop-butyl, it has good prevention effect to grassy weed.But, kill grass family agent as cyhalofop-butyl and bentazone used in combination time, due to antagonism, its herbicide action is usually remarkable in singly executing (Weed Technol.9,741 (1995)).Therefore, direct mixing is often restricted, or fully can not obtain the expection effect of described mixture.
The example of the mixture of the display antagonism of another report is [the Pest icideBiochemistry and Physiology when light compositing inhibitor Stam F-34 uses together with inhibitor of acetolactate synthetase pyribenzoxim, Volume 67, Number 1, May 2000, pp46-53 (8)].Usually, the representative example of the described antagonism of frequent report comprises bentazone or Stam F-34 when contact-type weed killer herbicide such as light compositing inhibitor, or protogen IX oxidase inhibitor comprises carfentrazoneethyl, cyhalofop-butyl is comprised as acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitor or inhibitor of acetolactate synthetase [suppresses the weed killer herbicide of acetolactate synthestase (ALS) with systemic herbicide, acetolactate synthestase is a kind of important enzyme in the biosynthesis of branched-chain amino acid, chemically be divided into sulfonylurea, imidazolone type, triazolo pyrimidine class and pyrimidine radicals (sulfo-) benzoates, wherein flucetosulfuron belongs to sulfonylureas] comprise flucetosulfuron (Weed Science, 1989, Vol.37, No.3, pp.400-404) time used in combination, this is the main restriction of splitting clouding compound.
The weed killer herbicide belonging to protogen IX oxidase inhibitor relates to the biosynthetic protogen IX oxidase of chloroplast by suppression and shows its activity of weeding, absorbs, play its herbicide effect mainly through processed leaf.This weed killer herbicide display is quick-acting, but may cause damage to crop (phytotoxicity) when being sprayed by foliar spray, and therefore its development can using weed killer herbicide as leaf portion is restricted.Particularly, carfentrazoneethyl is difficult to due to above-mentioned infringement the leaf portion developed into for rice and can uses weed killer herbicide.In addition, the effect of carfentrazoneethyl to grassy weed particularly barnyard grass is low especially, therefore needs with other weed killer herbicides used in combination.But, when time used in combination with other weed killer herbicides, due to antagonism, the herbicide action of carfentrazoneethyl often singly executes (Arkansas Agricul turalExperiment Station lower than it, B.R.Wells Rice Research Studies 2001, pp.65-69), therefore it develops into mixture and is restricted.
Auxin herbicide and plant hormone auxin have similar physiological function, but exceed the physiological function that certain concentration can disturb plant, thus show its activity of weeding.Auxin herbicide is widely used in controlling weeds, particularly broad leaved weed.But, when this auxin herbicide particularly 2,4-D, MCPA, MCPB etc. be applied to rice by foliar spray or soil time, if spraying time is incorrect or consumption exceedes optimum amount, has notified and rice caused serious harm, be enough to cause output to reduce.Such as, for 2,4-D, advise starting to use (Korean Crop ProtectionAssociation with the optimum amount of 280g active ingredient/ha between Formation period at productive tiller stage to panicle, 2004, Pesticide Use Manual, 741p).Because described rice damages, although auxin herbicide Long-Time Service, its development as rice weed killer herbicide and use are restricted.In addition, when this weed killer herbicide and other weed killer herbicides used in combination time, due to antagonism, its herbicide action reduce, therefore it is restricted as the development of mixture.
Summary of the invention
In order to the N-[[(4 of the flucetosulfuron and formula (2) that increase formula (1), 6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidine radicals) amino] carbonyl] and-2-[the fluoro-1-of 2-(hydroxyl) propyl group]-3-pyridine sulfonamide activity of weeding and expand its herbicidal spectrum, the present inventor is according to the activity of weeding of individuality, have selected the herbicidal active component with complementary performance, and verified by biologic test.The selection carrying out the herbicidal active component with complementary performance passes through, be divided into and there is from flucetosulfuron or formula (2) compound the class of different biochemical functions and there is the class of different herbicidal spectrums, be divided into further grassy weed, broad leaved weed or sulfonylureas-resistant weed and the specific class of perennial weed.Result, find when having the composition of herbicidal active component of complementary performance and flucetosulfuron or formula (2) compound described in containing, composition demonstrates to be enough to show the synergistic effect that activity of weeding increases and herbicidal spectrum is expanded clearly, the lower infringement of display of some mixtures and the synergistic effect to grassy weed, thus complete the present invention.
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a kind of Herbicidal combinations, it is characterized in that due to the flucetosulfuron of formula (1) or the N-[[(4 of formula (2), 6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidine radicals) amino] carbonyl]-2-[the fluoro-1-of 2-(hydroxyl) propyl group]-3-pyridine sulfonamide or select singly the executing of herbicidal active compounds as the blending constituent of mixture to compare activity of weeding and increase and herbicidal spectrum expansion, therefore the herbicidal constituents of small amount can be used, and herbicide application labour used can be reduced by other herbicidal active compoundses contained in the flucetosulfuron of co-administered formula (1) or the compound of formula (2) and Herbicidal combinations, thus save the cost of control of weeds.Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of Herbicidal combinations, it is characterized in that by the flucetosulfuron of co-administered formula (1) or the compound of formula (2) and existing weed killer herbicide when time used in combination with other weed killer herbicides because antagonism significantly reduces the effect of specific weeds or limit some herbicidal active compoundses of use due to crop damage when singly executing, by use as mixture instead of individuality singly execute the problem that can solve and the activity of weeding of specific weeds is reduced, can increase Eleocharis kuroguwai or the activity of weeding being difficult to the resistant weed prevented and treated, crop safety can be increased.
Disclosure of the invention
For achieving the above object, the invention provides a kind of Herbicidal combinations, N-[[(4 containing above-mentioned formula (1), 6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidine radicals) amino] carbonyl] N-[[(4 of-2-[the fluoro-1-of 2-(methoxy carbonyl oxygen base) propyl group]-3-pyridine sulfonamide and flucetosulfuron [herbicidal active component (A1) hereafter] or above-mentioned formula (2), 6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidine radicals) amino] carbonyl]-2-[the fluoro-1-of 2-(hydroxyl) propyl group]-3-pyridine sulfonamide [herbicidal active component (A2) hereafter] and other herbicidal active components [herbicidal active component (B) hereafter].
Therefore, the present invention relates to a kind of Herbicidal combinations, main containing herbicidal active component (A1) or (A2), with herbicidal active component (B), wherein (A1) is flucetosulfuron (N-[[(4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidine radicals) is amino] carbonyl]-2-[the fluoro-1-of 2-(methoxy carbonyl oxygen base) propyl group]-3-pyridine sulfonamide); (A2) be N-[[(4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidine radicals) is amino] carbonyl]-2-[the fluoro-1-of 2-(hydroxyl) propyl group]-3-pyridine sulfonamide; (B) be that one or more are selected from the weed killer herbicide of the compound group (B1-B9) be made up of following weed killer herbicide, described weed killer herbicide has the chemical constitution different from contained weed killer herbicide (A1) or (A2) in all cases or biological weed control is active.
The blending constituent (B) being applicable to mixture can be any compound belonging to following group (B1)-(B9).The title of most weed killer herbicide is from basis " The Pesticide Manual ", 12nd edition, the common name of the compound of 2000, British Crop Protection Council (PM hereafter), some weed killer herbicides give independent bibliography.
(B1) acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitor
(B1.1) diclofop-methyl and ester thereof, particularly methyl esters (PM, pp.279-280)
(B1.2) azoles acyl grass amine (BCPC International Congress-Crop Science & Technology 2003 collection of thesis, pp.85-92)
(B1.3) cyhalofop-butyl (PM, pp.223-224)
(B1.4) clodinafop-propargyl (PM, pp.186-187)
(B1.5) high azoles diclofop-methyl and ester thereof, particularly ethyl ester (PM, pp.393-394)
(B1.6) wheat straw volt and ester (PM, pp.415-416) thereof
(B1.7) methoxyphenone (PM, pp.914-915)
(B1.8) clefoxidim (PM, pp.61-62)
(B2) inhibitor of acetolactate synthetase
(B2.1) thifensulfuron methyl (PM, pp.899-900)
(B2.2) metsulfuron-methyl (PM, pp.644-645)
(B2.3) prosulfuron (PM, pp.787-788)
(B2.4) tribenuron-methyl (PM, pp.928-929)
(B2.5) mesosulfuronmethyl (BCPC Conference-Weeds 2001 collection of thesis, pp.43-48)
(B2.6) flazasulfuron (PM, pp.417-418)
(B2.7) Sulfosulfuron (PM, pp.853-854)
(B2.8) iodine metsulfuron-methyl and ester thereof, particularly methyl esters (PM, pp.547-548)
(B2.9) flupyrsulfuron-methyl-sodium and ester thereof, particularly methyl esters (PM, pp.447-448)
(B2.10) bensulfuron-methyl and ester thereof, particularly methyl esters (PM, pp.76-77)
(B2.11) AC322140 (PM, pp.217-218)
(B2.12) cinosulfuron (PM, pp.183-184)
(B2.13) azimsulfuron (PM, pp.48-49)
(B2.14) imazosulfuron (PM, pp.534-544)
(B2.15) pyrazosulfuron (PM, pp.795-797)
(B2.16) Penoxulam (BCPC International Congress-Crop Science & Technology 2003 collection of thesis, pp.85-92)
(B2.17) florasulam (PM, pp.420-421)
(B2.18) two careless ether (PM, pp.97-98)
(B2.19) pyribenzoxim (PM, pp.801)
(B3) light compositing inhibitor
(B3.1) bentazone (PM, pp.80-81)
(B3.2) Brominal or bromoxynil octanoate (PM, pp.110-112)
(B3.3) ioxynil and ester thereof and salt (PM, pp.548-550)
(B3.4) terbutryn (PM, pp.883-884)
(B3.5) symetryne (PM, pp.837-834)
(B3.6) chlortoluron (PM, pp.169-170)
(B3.7) isoproturon (PM, pp.559-560)
(B4) protogen IX oxidase inhibitor
(B4.1) Oxyfluorfen (PM, pp.702-703)
(B4.2) pyrrole grass ether (PM, pp.792-793)
(B4.3) carfentrazoneethyl (PM, pp.141-142)
(B4.4) cinidon-ethyl (PM, pp.181-182)
(B4.5) propine humulone (PM, pp.690-691)
(B4.6) ring penta humulone (PM, pp.718-719)
(B5) herxheimer-liked reaction inhibitor
(B5.1) Diflufenican (PM, pp.296-297)
(B5.2) fluorine pyrrole acyl grass amine (Picolinofen) (PM, pp.742-743)
(B5.3) mesotrione (PM, pp.602)
(B5.4) pyrazoxyfen (PM, pp.797-798)
(B5.5) pyrazolate (PM, pp.793-794)
(B5.6) benzobicylon (PM, pp.82)
(B5.7) different humulone (PM, pp.190-191)
(B6) Cell wall synthesis inhibitor
(B6.1) butachlor (PM, pp.117-118)
(B6.2) flufenacet (PM, pp.434-435)
(B6.3) mefenacet (PM, pp.593-594)
(B6.4) fentrazamide (PM, pp.406-407)
(B6.5) the third careless amine (PM, pp.755-756)
(B6.6) amine grass azoles (cafenstrole, PM, pp.128-129)
(B6.7) different grass amine (isoxaben) (PM, pp.561-562)
(B7) lipid biosynthesis inhibitors
(B7.1) benfuresate (PM, pp.71-72)
(B7.2) ethofumesate (PM, pp.364-365)
(B7.3) prosulfocarb (PM, pp.786-787)
(B7.4) triallate (PM, pp.921-922)
(B7.5) benthiocarb (PM, pp.901-902)
(B8) auxin herbicide
(B8.1) Triclopyr (PM, pp.933-934)
(B8.2) fluroxypyr and ester (PM, pp.455-457) thereof
(B8.3) 2,4-drip and ester (PM, pp.243-246)
(B8.4) 2 first 4 chlorine and esters thereof, particularly thioethyl ester (PM, pp.583-586)
(B8.5) Thistrol and ester thereof, particularly ethyl ester (PM, pp.586-588)
(B8.6) Vi par and pure R isomer thereof, Vi par salt (PM, pp.489-592)
(B8.7) clomeprop (PM, pp.191-192)
(B8.8) dicamba (PM, pp.265-267)
(B9) other
(B9.1) Pendimethalin (PM, pp.714-715)
(B9.2) dithiopyr (PM, pp.330)
(B9.3) difenzoquat Methylsulfate (PM, pp.291-292)
(B9.4) bromobutide (PM, pp.108)
(B9.5) indanofan (PM, pp.543-544)
(B9.6) pyributicarb (PM, pp.802)
By mixing in a composition of the present invention with use herbicidal active component (A1) or (A2) and (B) synergistic effect that obtains often can observe when different time sprays when these active components.
Usually the herbicidal active component (A1) contained in Herbicidal combinations of the present invention and the treating capacity of (A2) can change according to target crop, but the active principle of per hectare is 20-300g.For some active components, composition of the present invention must contain than singly executing low treating capacity.
Therefore, at combination species of the present invention, the treating capacity of the herbicidal active component of per hectare should be active component (A) 1-300g, preferred 10-200g usually, active component (B) 1-4000g, preferred 2-2000g.In composition, the weight ratio of A:B used can change in wide region, and preferable range is 1:200-200:1, more preferably 1:100-20:1, but is not limited thereto.Final weight ratio can according to concrete field of using, weeds spectrum and for reactive compound combination and change, can in advance test in determine.
Composition of the present invention can be used for crop field with selectivity control annual and perennial grassy weed, sedge weed and broad leaved weed.Above-mentioned crop field comprises rice culture, cereal (wheat, barley, oat, rye etc.) cultivation and meadow or herbage.In addition, said composition also can be used for the unwanted weeds that prevent and treat on the ridge of non-crop belts, particularly railroad track or Around Paddy Field.
Composition of the present invention can by conventional application method unrestrictedly for crop field and non-crop belts, described conventional application method as soil execute, water meter is used, foliar spray etc., preferred foliar spray.
With only containing active component (A1) or (A2) as weeding active compound the using of composition compared with, in the present compositions, the following compounds being selected from active component (B) is composition broad leaved weed being had to greater activity, the activity of weeding to some main broad leaved weeds can be supplemented, such as Veronica persica, arable land violet, clearvers (Galium aparine), corn poppy (Papaver rhoeas) etc.:
(B2.1) thifensulfuron methyl, (B2.2) metsulfuron-methyl, (B2.3) prosulfuron, (B2.4) tribenuron-methyl, (B2.16) penoxulam, (B2.17) florasulam, (B3.1) bentazone, (B3.2) Brominal, (B3.3) ioxynil, (B3.5) symetryne, (B4.1) Oxyfluorfen, (B4.2) pyrrole grass ether, (B4.3) carfentrazoneethyl, (B4.4) cinidon-ethyl, (B4.5) propine humulone, (B4.6) ring penta humulone, (B5.1) Diflufenican, (B5.2) fluorine pyrrole acyl grass amine (picol inofen), (B5.3) mesotrione, (B5.5) pyrazolate, (B5.6) benzobicylon, (B5.7) is different humulone, (B6.1) butachlor, (B6.3) mefenacet, (B6.4) fentrazamide, (B6.5) the third careless amine, (B6.6) amine grass azoles, (B6.7) is different grass amine (isoxaben), (B7.5) benthiocarb, (B8.1) Triclopyr, (B8.2) fluroxypyr, (B8.3) 2,4-drips, (B8.4) 2 first 4 chlorine, (B8.5) Thistrol, (B8.6) Vi par or Vi par salt, (B8.7) clomeprop, (B8.8) dicamba, (B9.2) dithiopyr, (B9.4) bromobutide, (B9.5) indanofan, (B9.6) pyributicarb.
With only containing active component (A1) or (A2) as weeding active compound the using of composition compared with, in the present compositions, the following compounds being selected from active component (B) is composition perennial weed being had to greater activity, the activity of weeding to some perennial weeds can be supplemented, particularly: Eleocharis kuroguwai, flat stalk grass (Scirpus planiculmis), Herba Cyperi Glomerati and wild arrowhead:
(B2.10) bensulfuron methyl, (B2.11) AC322140, (B2.12) cinosulfuron, (B2.13) azimsulfuron, (B2.14) imazosulfuron, (B2.15) pyrazosulfuron, (B3.1) bentazone, (B4.3) carfentrazoneethyl, (B5.4) pyrazoxyfen, (B5.5) pyrazolate, (B7.1) benfuresate, (B8.3) 2,4-drips or ester, (B8.4) 2 first 4 chlorine or ester, thioethyl ester, (B8.5) Thistrol or ester, ethyl ester.
With only containing active component (A1) or (A2) as weeding active compound the using of composition compared with, in the present compositions, the following compounds being selected from active component (B) is composition grassy weed being had to greater activity, can supplement the activity of weeding to some grassy weeds:
(B1.1) diclofop-methyl methyl esters, (B1.2) azoles acyl grass amine, (B1.3) cyhalofop-butyl, (B1.4) clodinafop-propargyl, (B1.5) is high azoles diclofop-methyl ethyl ester, (B1.6) flamprop methyl ester, (B1.7) methoxyphenone, (B1.8) clefoxidim, (B2.5) mesosulfuronmethyl, (B2.6) flazasulfuron, (B2.7) Sulfosulfuron, (B2.8) iodine metsulfuron-methyl methyl esters, (B2.9) flupyrsulfuron-methyl-sodium methyl esters, (B2.18) two careless ether, (B2.19) pyribenzoxim, (B3.4) terbutryn, (B3.6) chlortoluron, (B3.7) isoproturon, (B6.2) flufenacet, (B7.2) ethofumesate, (B7.3) prosulfocarb, (B7.4) triallate, (B9.1) Pendimethalin, (B9.3) difenzoquat Methylsulfate.
With only containing active component (A1) or (A2) as weeding active compound the using of composition compared with, in the present compositions, the following compounds being selected from active component (B) is the composition that antagonism weeds have greater activity, the activity of weeding to some sulfonylurea herbicide resistant weeds can be supplemented, such as resistance Monochoria vaginalis, Vandellia, firefly Lin and difformed galingale herb:
(B3.1) bentazone, (B3.2) Brominal, (B3.5) symetryne, (B4.1) Oxyfluorfen, (B4.2) pyrrole grass ether, (B4.3) carfentrazoneethyl, (B4.4) cinidon-ethyl, (B4.5) propine humulone, (B4.6) ring penta humulone, (B5.1) Diflufenican, (B5.2) fluorine pyrrole acyl grass amine (picol inofen), (B5.3) mesotrione, (B5.5) pyrazolate, (B5.6) benzobicylon, (B5.7) is different humulone, (B6.1) butachlor, (B6.3) mefenacet, (B6.4) fentrazamide, (B6.5) the third careless amine, (B6.6) amine grass azoles, (B6.7) is different grass amine (isoxaben), (B7.5) benthiocarb, (B8.1) Triclopyr, (B8.2) fluroxypyr, (B8.3) 2,4-drips, (B8.4) 2 first 4 chlorine, (B8.5) Thistrol, (B8.6) Vi par or Vi par salt, (B8.7) clomeprop, (B8.8) dicamba, (B9.2) dithiopyr, (B9.4) bromobutide, (B9.5) indanofan, (B9.6) pyributicarb.
In the present compositions, following compounds is selected from active component (B), for with only mix often to solve in other mixtures the observable antagonism to some weeds particularly barnyard grass (Echinochloacrus-galli) containing active component (A1) or (A2) as the composition of weeding active compound, increase the activity of weeding of antagonism weeds and perennial Eleochariskuroguwai, and increase foliar spray to the safety of rice:
(B3.1) bentazone, (B4.3) carfentrazoneethyl, (B8.2) fluroxypyr, (B8.3) 2,4-D, (B8.4) MCPA, (B8.5) MCPB, (B8.6) Vi par or mecopropP, (B8.7) clomeprop, (B8.8) dicamba.
In addition, Herbicidal combinations of the present invention can contain other compositions if desired, and such as one or more are selected from the composition of the group of other weed killer herbicides, insecticide, fungicide, safener (reducing weed killer herbicide to the compound of chemical injury of crops) and plant growth regulator.These other compositions become a kind of preparation to use by co-formulated, and by being formulated in mixing and use in spray tank respectively, or use in order.
In addition, Herbicidal combinations of the present invention can be prepared together with carrier, surfactant or the additive conventional with formulation art.Such as, can conventionally be processed into non-forms of modification, active component and filler (such as solvent, solid carrier and surfactant, if necessary) Homogeneous phase mixing, wetting powder is processed into, suspending agent, water dispersible granules by the such as method such as grinding, granulation, film-making, granule, liquor, tablet, jumbo preparation etc., then soil and water meter is applied to, or leaves of plants portion.
Suitable carrier and additive can be solid or liquid, comprise the composition for formulation art, the inorganic matter of such as natural or synthesis, solvent, dispersant, wetting agent, rheology control agent, adhesive, auxiliary agent etc.
Solvent can comprise aromatic hydrocarbon, such as xylene mixture, or alcohol and glycol and ether thereof and ester, as the naphthalene alcohol replaced, and ethylene glycol, glycol monoethyl ether or ethylene glycol monoethyl ether; Ketone is as cyclohexanone; Intensive polar solvent as METHYLPYRROLIDONE, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or dimethyl formamide; Epoxidation or non-epoxidized vegetable oil are as epoxidised coconut oil or soybean oil; Water etc.These solvents can be used as the solvent of formulation in liquid form, or the supplementing solvent of granule type preparation.
Solid carrier can comprise the inorganic matter of the natural of fine lapping or synthesis as talcum, kaolin, calcium carbonate, diatomite or pyrophyllite.
Dispersant can comprise anionic dispersing agents as lignosulfonates, naphthalene sulfonate, lauryl sulfate, lauryl sulfonate, polyoxyalkylene alkyl sulphate; Polyoxyalkylene alkyl aryl ether; Polyoxyalkylene alkyl etc.Dispersant is not limited to above-mentioned substance, can be selected from non-ionic surface active agent and anion surfactant or cationic surfactant if desired.
Wetting agent can comprise anion wetting agent as NaLS, polyalkylene oxide alkyl phenyl ether sulfonate, the salt of dialkyl sulphosuccinate, dialkyl naphthalene sulfonate salts, polyalkylene oxide alkyl ether sulfate; Acetylene class non-ionic surface active agent; The urea complex etc. of non-ionic surface active agent.
Suitable rheology control agent can be divided into polysaccharide as equal type sugar and assorted type sugar, and inorganic matter is as imvite, montmorillonite, sepiolite, hectoliter and hydrophilic/hydrophobic silica.Equal type sugar can be furans glue, and assorted type sugar can be guar gum, yellow first glue, wellan glue etc.
Suitable adhesive can comprise starch, dextrin, α starch, mosanom, gum Arabic, gelatin, lignosulfonates, glucose, sorbierite, polyethylene glycol, hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone etc.
Auxiliary agent refers to the material adding to increase chemical result in process for preparation, or by the material diluted in the preparation process of spray solution.Anion surfactant, cationic surfactant, non-ionic surface active agent etc. are commonly used for auxiliary agent.Suitable auxiliary agent can comprise salt, acetylene class non-ionic surface active agent, polyalkylene oxide alkyl ether, polyalkylene oxide alkyl phenol ether, PEO alkylamine, ethoxylated sorbitan glycan ester, polyethyleneoxide fatty acid esters, the PEO-poly(propylene oxide)-PEO triblock copolymer of dialkyl sulphosuccinate, trisiloxane alkoxylates etc.
The following example will illustrate the effect of the present composition, but scope of the present invention should not be interpreted as being confined to this by any way.
Embodiment
An example of formulations of the present invention is as described below.
The mixture of 10 parts of (10%w/w) herbicidal active component (A1 or A2)/herbicidal active components (B), 2 parts of lauryl sodium sulfate (trade names: NK-SDS, Coseal), 8 parts of (8%w/w) sodium lignin sulfonate (trade names: NK-SLS, Coseal), with 80 parts of (80%w/w) kaolin mixing, then hammer mill (model: KDW-1 is used, PAUDAL) be ground into average grain diameter 5-10 μ, form wetting powder.
The mixture of 10 parts of (10%w/w) herbicidal active component (A1 or A2)/herbicidal active components (B), 1 part of lauryl sodium sulfate (trade name: NK-SDS, Coseal), 3 parts of (3%w/w) naphthalene-formaldehyde condensation products (trade names: Morwet-D425, Whittko), 5 parts of (5%w/w) propane diols, 0.5 part of (0.5%w/w) gel fraction bentonite (trade name: NK-KNP, Coseal), to purify waste water mixing with 80.5 parts (80.5%w/w), then DYNO mill (model: Typ KDL A) is used to be ground into average grain diameter 2-3 μ, form suspending agent.
The mixture of 10 parts of (10%w/w) herbicidal active component (A1 or A2)/herbicidal active components (B), 5 parts of (5%w/w) calcium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (trade names: CR-DBC64, Yusungwhayeontech), 2.5 parts of (2.5%w/w) ethoxylation (average EO addition molal quantitys: 10) oleyl alcohol (trade name: Koremul OE10, Hannongwhasung), 2.5 parts of (2.5%w/w) ethoxylation (average EO addition molal quantitys: 40) castor oil (trade name: Koremul CO40, Hannongwhasung), with alkyl benzene diluent naphtha (trade name: Kocosol 150, SKCorp.) suitable blender Homogeneous phase mixing is used, form missible oil.
Biological Examples
The mixed processing being selected from the active component (B) of (B1)-(B9) by active component (A1) or (A2) and one or more evaluate Herbicidal synergistic active and to the method for the safety of crop and result as described below.
1. greenhouse tank test
By the seed of monocotyledon weed (grass family and sedge family) and broadleaf weed (broad leaved weed) or storage organ's part (brood body; Stem tuber, stem etc.) sow or be transplanted in tank sandy loam in, then grow under suitable greenhouse growth conditions (temperature, air humidity and irrigation).For the test under rice cropping condition, water keeps 3cm.Sow or after transplanting a period of time, when the growth of test plant arrives certain phase, with composition of the present invention, it processed.Under soil executes situation, quantitative composition is directly applied to immersion soil.When foliar spray, by the water of irrigation from wherein discharging, the composition that then dilute with water is quantitative, and use CO 2pressurization belt transmission sprayer (R & D spray, USA) is sprayed onto on test plant, and the burst size of spray solution is 200-1000L/ha.Then, about 3-4 week under the plant processed being remained on greenhouse Plays greenhouse growth conditions.Then visual assessment composition and untreated control compare the herbicide action of processed plant.The herbicide action of composition, with % control of weeds rate record, is evaluated with 0%-100% compared with untreated control.0% represents to weeds to no effect, and 100% represents that weeds are completely dead.Each process repeats to form by three or four times.
2. field trial
By crop sowing or under being transplanted to its field condition usually grown, simultaneously, by unifacial leaf and dicots seed or brood body (stem tuber, stem etc.) sow or be transplanted in the tank placed in field and make it grow, or make the weeds of all even natural formation at field growing to certain vegetative stage.When the growth of these weeds reaches certain phase, use compositions-treated of the present invention.When soil is executed, quantitative composition is directly applied to immersion soil.When foliar spray, the composition that dilute with water is quantitative, uses CO 2adding knapsack sprayer is sprayed onto on test plant, and the burst size of dilute solution is 200-1000L/ha.Before foliar spray, the irrigation water in rice field is discharged.After using composition about 5-7 week, estimate the herbicide action and phytotoxicity measured compared with untreated control, it is identical that standard uses in testing with above-mentioned greenhouse tank.Each process repeats to form by three or four times.
3. the evaluation of synergistic effect
When using Herbicidal combinations of the present invention, it to exceed in the present composition summation of independent herbicide action when contained each herbicides compounds is sprayed separately to the herbicide action of weeds.Therefore, compared with executing with each herbicides compounds list, composition of the present invention can provide weeds herbicide action identical with it under the lower consumption of herbicides compounds.The increase of this activity of weeding and effect and the reduction of active component consumption have convincingly demonstrated synergistic effect of the present invention.The mixed evaluation executing the synergistic effect of middle display of two or more herbicidal active components is based on to Colby ' s method of describing in " CalculationSynergistic and Antagonistic Response of Herbicide Combinations " (Weeds 15/1 (1967), S.R.Colby) determines.
Therefore, use following formula for this reason:
E＝X+Y-(X×Y)/100
Wherein X represents the control of weeds (%) of weed killer herbicide A under X g active ingredient/ha consumption,
Y represents the control of weeds (%) of weed killer herbicide B under Y g active ingredient/ha consumption,
E represents the expection control of weeds (%) under X+Y g active ingredient/ha consumption.
If the control of weeds rate of the reality observed in biologic test exceedes the desired value (E) using Colby ' s method to calculate, then represent that the effect of Herbicidal combinations is greater than the summation of each agent effectiveness, this means that composition has synergistic effect.
4. increase the evaluation of crop safety
Crop safety is by term " crop plants toxicity " statement, and this represents infringement to crop, therefore to the phytotoxicity degree of crop lower mean the safety of crop higher.The summation of the crop plants toxicity when crop plants toxicity of Herbicidal combinations of the present invention sprays separately lower than each herbicides compounds contained in composition.Therefore, composition of the present invention has the crop safety higher than the composition containing independent herbicidal active component, and the crop plants toxicity therefore occurred when single component is used significantly reduces, and is enough to be used in target crop.The increase of described safety calculates by above-mentioned Colby ' s method.If the crop plants toxicity (%) of the mixture reality observed is lower than the desired value (E) having more Colby method and calculate, this means that mixture has the phytotoxicity lower than the summation of each composition, namely composition has synergy security effectiveness.
The result of above-mentioned test is shown in following table 1-26.
Table 1
Compound (A1) and diclofop-methyl (B1.1) are to the herbicidal performance (passing through foliar spray) of the grassy weed annual bluegrass (Poa annua) in field
Table 2
Compound (A1) and azoles acyl grass amine (B1.2) is to the herbicidal performance (passing through foliar spray) of the grassy weed in field
Table 3
Compound (A1) and clodinafop-propargyl (B1.4) are to the herbicidal performance (passing through foliar spray) of the grassy weed annual bluegrass in field
Table 4
Compound (A1) and thifensulfuronmethyl (B2.1) are to the herbicidal performance (passing through foliar spray) of the broad leaved weed in field
Table 5
The herbicidal performance (passing through foliar spray) of compound (A1) and the large fringe amur foxtail of flupyrsulfuron-methyl-sodium (B2.9) grassy weed to field
Table 6
In greenhouse, compound (A1) and bensulfuron-methyl (B2.10) are to the herbicidal performance (being executed by soil) of perennial weed Eleocharis kuroguwai
Table 7
In greenhouse, compound (A1) and AC322140 (B2.11) are to the herbicidal performance (being executed by soil) of perennial weed
Table 8
In greenhouse, compound (A1) and cinosulfuron (B2.12) are to the herbicidal performance (being executed by soil) of perennial weed Eleochariskuroguwai
Table 9
In greenhouse, compound (A1) and azimsulfuron (B2.13) are to the herbicidal performance (being executed by soil) of perennial weed
Table 10
In greenhouse, compound (A1) and pyrazosulfuron (B2.15) are to the herbicidal performance (being executed by soil) of perennial weed Cyperusserotinus
Table 11
In field, compound (A1) and bentazone (B3.1) are to the herbicidal performance (being executed by soil) of Eleocharis kuroguwai, barnyard grass and rice
Table 12
In greenhouse, compound (A1) and symetryne (B3.5) are to the herbicidal performance (being executed by soil) of sulfonylurea herbicide resistant weed
Table 13
In field, compound (A1) and carfentrazoneethyl (B4.3) are to the herbicidal performance (passing through foliar spray) of main rice weeds and rice
Table 14
In greenhouse, compound (A1) and carfentrazoneethyl (B4.3) are to the herbicidal performance (passing through foliar spray) of broad leaved weed Monochoria vaginalis
Table 15
On meadow, compound (A1) and carfentrazoneethyl (B4.3) are to the herbicidal performance (passing through foliar spray) of main weeds Trifolium (white clover (Trifolium repens))
*dAA: the number of days after dispenser
Table 16
In field, compound (A1) and carfentrazoneethyl (B4.3) are to the herbicidal performance (passing through foliar spray) of broad leaved weed
Table 17
In greenhouse, compound (A1) and ring penta humulone (B4.6) is to the herbicidal performance (being executed by soil) of sulfonylurea herbicide resistant weed
table 18
In field, compound (A1) and diflufenican (B5.1) are to the herbicidal performance (passing through foliar spray) of broad leaved weed
Table 19
In greenhouse, compound (A1) and pyrazolate (B5.5) are to the herbicidal performance (being executed by soil) of sulfonylurea herbicide resistant weed.
Table 20
In greenhouse, compound (A1) and butachlor (B6.1) are to the herbicidal performance (being executed by soil) of sulfonylurea herbicide resistant weed.
Table 21
In greenhouse, compound (A1) and benfuresate (B7.1) are to the herbicidal performance (being executed by soil) of perennial weed Eleochariskuroguwai.
Table 22
In greenhouse, compound (A1) and benthiocarb (B7.5) are to the herbicidal performance (being executed by soil) of sulfonylurea herbicide resistant weed.
Table 23
In field, compound (A1) and 2,4-D (B8.3) are to the herbicidal performance (passing through foliar spray) of broad leaved weed.
Table 24
In greenhouse, compound (A1) and clomeprop (B8.7) are to the herbicidal performance (being executed by soil) of sulfonylurea herbicide resistant weed.
Table 25
In greenhouse, compound (A1) and dithiopyr (B9.2) are to the herbicidal performance (being executed by soil) of sulfonylurea herbicide resistance Monochoria vaginalis.
Table 26
In greenhouse, compound (A1) and dithiopyr (B9.2) are to the herbicidal performance (being executed by soil) of sulfonylurea herbicide resistance Monochoria vaginalis.
Industrial applicibility
Compared with executing with each herbicides compounds list, Herbicidal combinations of the present invention by two kinds being had the herbicides compounds mixing of different functions or different herbicide actions, compose by the herbicide action with enhancing and the weeds of widening, because the amount of synergistic effect herbicidal constituents therefore used can reduce, therefore can save labour by other herbicides compounds contained in co-administered flucetosulfuron and Herbicidal combinations thus reduce control of weeds cost.In addition, with one or more Herbicidal combinations being selected from other weed killer herbicides of light compositing inhibitor bentazone, protogen IX oxidase inhibitor carfentrazoneethyl and auximone type weed killer herbicide, there is synergistic effect containing formula (1) or (2) compound, enhance the activity of weeding to perennial weed and sulfonylurea resistance weeds, the antagonism to grassy weed particularly barnyard grass can be solved, and the safety of foliar spray to rice can be increased.

Claims (11)

1. a Herbicidal combinations, the compound containing following formula (1), i.e. herbicidal active component (A1);
Other active components that (B) organizes are selected from one or more, described (B) group is by (B6.1) butachlor, (B6.3) mefenacet, (B6.4) fentrazamide and (B6.5) third careless amine composition.
2. a Herbicidal combinations, the compound containing following formula (2), i.e. herbicidal active component (A2);
Other active components of the group (B) defined in claim 1 are selected from one or more.
3. the Herbicidal combinations described in claim 1 or 2, active components A 1 wherein or the weight ratio of A2 and active component B are 1:200-200:1.
4. Herbicidal combinations according to claim 3, active components A 1 wherein or the weight ratio of A2 and active component B are 1:100-20:1.
5. the Herbicidal combinations described in claim 1 or 2, is selected from the composition of insecticide, fungicide, safener and plant growth regulator further containing one or more.
6. the Herbicidal combinations described in claim 1 or 2, is also selected from the composition of carrier, surfactant and additive containing one or more.
7. a weed control method, comprises the Herbicidal combinations used to crop field or non-crop belts described in claim 1 or 2.
8. a method for controlling weeds, comprises and uses Herbicidal combinations described in claim 1 or 2 to rice culture.
9. a method for controlling weeds, comprises and uses Herbicidal combinations described in claim 1 or 2 to grain husbandry.
10. a method for controlling weeds, comprises the Herbicidal combinations used to meadow or pasture described in claim 1 or 2.
11. methods as claimed in claim 7, Herbicidal combinations is wherein processed by foliar spray.
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