Background technology
Facility cultivation can extend the land use time, make full use of soil and Luminous energy resource, improve land utilization ratio, prevention
Natural calamity, expands crop-planting region, can extend or shorten Crop growing stage, extends the market supply phase, fills up market light
Season.Therefore, facility cultivation product market price is high, remarkable in economical benefits, people to the enthusiasm of facility cultivation also more and more higher, if
Cultivated area is applied to increase sharply.But in fruit tree facility forcing culture, chilling requirement be main restraining factors, such as chilling requirement not
Foot, will have a strong impact on the normal growths such as the blooming of fruit tree, result and develops.
Deciduous fruit tree releases natural dormancy(Interior dormancy)Number is referred to as the chilling requirement of fruit tree during required effective low temperature, also known as
Chilling requirement needs cold accumulated temperature.The chilling requirement of deciduous fruit tree is met, and can just smoothly complete natural dormancy, is carried out next
Grow circulation(Especially normally yield positive results), otherwise other environmental conditions are suitable again, and fruit tree also bloom by not rudiment, even if
Rudiment is also irregular, and growth result is bad, does not reach the purpose for promoting cultivation.It therefore meets the chilling requirement of fruit tree, is passed to
Natural dormancy, is the basis that facility cultivation succeeds, and just fruit tree normal growth under facility condition can only in this way developed.
The boundary of effective low temperature needed for different seeds or kind dormancy is different.In general, the chilling requirement of peach
At 800~1200 hours, the chilling requirement of apricot was at 500~900 hours, and the chilling requirement of Lee was at 700~1000 hours, and the need of grape are cold
Amount was at 1000~1500 hours.
At present, the viewpoint of most of experts is that the effective temperature that fruit tree passes through natural dormancy is 0 DEG C~7.2 DEG C of low temperature
Accumulation hourage(Claim chilling requirement), and more than 10 DEG C or less than 0 DEG C of temperature is substantially invalid to low temperature accumulation hourage.The U.S.
Weinberger proposed in 1905 less than 7.2 DEG C of models, to break 7.2 DEG C or less needed for physiological dormancy of accumulation low-temperature values
It is used as the chilling requirement of kind;On this basis, some dormancy researcher has also been proposed 0-7.2 DEG C of model, i.e., 0-7.2 DEG C later
Temperature range is to break the most effective temperature range of physiological dormancy, and other temperature ranges are invalid.
Utah state universities of U.S. Richardson is proposed " Utah model ", it is believed that 2.5~9.1 DEG C of breaking dormancies most have
1h is a cold temperature unit in effect, the temperature range(1CU);1.5~2.4 DEG C and 9.2~12.4 DEG C only half effect effects, the temperature
Equivalent to 0.5 cold temperature unit of 1h in the range of degree;It is then invalid less than between 1.4 DEG C or 12.5~15.9 DEG C;16~18 DEG C of low temperature
Effect is partially offset, equivalent to -0.5 cold temperature unit of 1h in the temperature range;18.1~21 DEG C of cryogenic effects are supported completely
Disappear, equivalent to -1 cold temperature unit of 1h in the temperature range;Equivalent to -2 cold temperature units of 1h in 21.1~23 DEG C of temperature ranges.
Only when the cold temperature unit sum of accumulation meets or exceeds minimum chilling requirement during number, ability breaking dormancy could be facilitated
Cultivation;Wang Lirong etc. in the research of the chilling requirement of Peach cultivars, will still its model, less than 7.2 DEG C of low-temperature models and 0~7.2 DEG C
Low-temperature model is compared, it is believed that 0~7.2 DEG C of low-temperature model is more suitable.
At present, people release natural dormancy problem to deciduous fruit tree and have carried out numerous studies exploration, and such as Israel utilizes mountain
The ground temperature difference, potted fruit tree is moved to mountain top and cooled method;Japan in the winter time before, using cold water to fruit tree spraying cooling method;
Domestic many places, freezer cooling method, ahead relieving fruit tree natural dormancy are moved on to using by potted fruit tree.But these methods by
Place restricts the popularization for being unable to large area.What we researched and developed《A kind of greenhouse and fruit tree is forced to shift to an earlier date the side of dormancy using the greenhouse
Method》(Application publication number:CN104170683A;Data of publication of application:2014.12.03;Application number:2014104009734), can have
Effect solves production site restriction problem.But found in testing heat-mass exchange equipment, 5~7.2 DEG C of deciduous fruit tree to be provided
Natural dormancy temperature is released, under the premise of the caloic using 2 DEG C of water at low temperature as refrigerant is exchanged, the equipment of existing market also verifies full very much
Foot is required.Fan coil is because caloic exchange link is more, heat transfer temperature difference is big, and heat exchanger effectiveness is very low in the case of the heat exchange of the small temperature difference;
Fin, metal tube are in the case where the small temperature difference exchanges heat, it is necessary to which very big exchange area, is produced very inconvenient.In addition, using R22Etc. making cold
During matchmaker's air-conditioning temperature-reducing, because of the easy frosting of production environment low temperature and high relative humidity, the bise of air-conditioning also easily dries up fruit branch and influences production.
The content of the invention
The problem to be solved in the present invention, which is to provide one kind, can release deciduous fruit tree natural dormancy hypergravity air-cooling system, can
Suitable low temperature is provided to fruit tree, to meet the chilling requirement of fruit tree, natural dormancy is passed to, fruit tree is promoted under facility condition
Into cultivation, normal growth development.
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention uses following technical scheme:
One kind can release deciduous fruit tree natural dormancy hypergravity air-cooling system, including upper end has the heat exchange bucket of opening,
It is provided with air-intake device, cooling wind exhaust apparatus and cooling fluid storage device, the heat exchange bucket and is provided with heat exchange bucket
The hypergravity coolant atomising device coolant that cooling fluid storage device is conveyed can be disperseed, being atomized.
Further optimization the following is the present invention to such scheme:
Hypergravity coolant atomising device include be arranged on heat exchange bucket in and with power set be connected get rid of bucket, get rid of
Bucket is connected with cooling fluid storage device, and described get rid of is filled with filament in bucket, get rid of bucket when being rotated in the presence of power set, can
It will be disperseed, be atomized through filametntary coolant.The heat formed in molecule, absorption air, to turnover heat exchange
The air of bucket is cooled down.
Further optimization:Cooling wind exhaust apparatus includes being arranged on the side of heat exchange bucket and being located at getting rid of barrel lower position
Axial flow blower.
Further optimization:Cooling fluid storage device includes being arranged on the side of heat exchange bucket and with getting rid of the confession connected inside bucket
Liquid pipe.
Power set, which include being arranged on the motor at the opening of heat exchange bucket, the motor, is provided with power output shaft,
The lower end of the power output shaft is connected with getting rid of bucket.
If air-intake device includes the dry plate blade for being arranged on the upper end open position of heat exchange bucket, if dry plate blade can be by warm
Exchange in the air inspiration heat exchange bucket outside bucket.Blade is horizontal by 25 ° of angles, rotation direction and the coolant atomising device of blade
It is oppositely oriented.
Position of the axial flow blower on the inside of heat exchange bucket is provided with air inlet, and hundred are provided with air inlet
Leaf window.
The position of the outside side close to lower end of heat exchange bucket is provided with the water level for observing the liquid level in heat exchange bucket
Meter.For observing the liquid level in heat exchange bucket, and control outlet pipe discharge at any time is to ensure that the liquid level in heat exchange bucket is in
Optimum state.
The present invention uses such scheme, with advantages below:
1st, using air and water direct contact heat mass transter mode, reduce caloic and exchange link, air is exchanged with aqueous
The aqueous vapor temperature difference is 1 DEG C or so afterwards, is low-temperature cold water(2℃)Produce Cryogenic air(5~7.2 DEG C)There is provided support.
2nd, scattered formed of water shearing is moved water smoke by hypergravity atomising device at high speed, very big fortified water and air heat-transfer area
Product, under the low exchange temperature difference, realizes water and is exchanged with Efficient air caloic.
3rd, the cold air after caloic is exchanged, relative humidity is close to saturation relative humidity, but after being mixed with temperature higher air, can
There is provided for fruit tree than convenient humidity(85% or so).
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Embodiment, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, one kind can release deciduous fruit tree natural dormancy hypergravity air-cooling system, including upper
End is provided with the heat exchange bucket 6 of drain pipe 9 with opening, lower end, and the bottom of heat exchange bucket 6 is supported by supporting leg 10, heat
Exchange and air-intake device, cooling wind exhaust apparatus and cooling fluid storage device are installed on bucket 6, be provided with the heat exchange bucket 6
The hypergravity coolant atomising device coolant that cooling fluid storage device is conveyed can be disperseed, being atomized.
Hypergravity coolant atomising device include be arranged on heat exchange bucket 6 in and with power set be connected get rid of bucket 8,
Get rid of bucket 8 to connect with cooling fluid storage device, described get rid of is filled with filler 7 in bucket 8, stainless steel is provided with the excircle for getting rid of bucket 8
Net, gets rid of bucket 8 when being rotated in the presence of power set, can disperse the coolant through filler 7, be atomized, and is formed tiny
Drop, the heat in absorption air cools down to the air of turnover heat exchange bucket 6.
Filler is as the pith of super gravity field coolant atomising device, and the rotor for dosing filler that uses of the present invention adopts
It is cooling fluid storage device with center, the circumferencial direction of cooling fluid storage device is filler, with traditional rotor or rotating disk
There is larger difference:
One is the thin waterline sprayed by hole for water spraying, and directly the filler with high speed rotation is contacted, and thin waterline expands on filler surface
Dissipate or broken.
Two be due to super gravity field effect, and coolant is accelerated in filler, and the high shear force of filler is coolant point
It is cut into the moisture film, water silk and water droplet of certain linear velocity.
Three be the huge surface area of filler, when being contacted with coolant, and liquid phase is further dispersed into film or tiny liquid
Drop, pole improves the phase contact area of coolant with adding.
The performance quality of filler directly affects super gravity field coolant atomising device dynamic balance, equation, atomization effect
Rate and service life.For filling-material structure, material, percent opening, aperture, thickness, space and the bulk density of filling-material structure
The equation performances such as film-formation result, the thickness of film forming of the liquid in filler can be influenceed etc. series of parameters.
At present, less is studied to filling-material structure, be concentrated mainly on silk screen and porous material in bulk, but silk screen and hole in bulk
Material Balance is poor, and long-term operating can cause density inside and outside filler to differ to cause, has a strong impact on the uniform mist formation effect of water movement
Really.
Be reinforcing filler to equations such as the scattered of coolant, shearings, take into full account filler balance, the life-span, strong
The series of parameters such as degree, percent opening, aperture, thickness, space, density and cost, are choosing in filler and structure, use for reference hairbrush life
Production technology and technique.It is to arrange filament to be placed on circle to be used on material in the strong fiber filaments of selection rigidity, structure
Mould in, then using injection filament is fused into one with circular base plate, be placed on and get rid of in bucket 8.
Cooling wind exhaust apparatus includes being arranged on the side of heat exchange bucket 6 and positioned at the axial flow blower for getting rid of the lower position of bucket 8
12.The warmhouse booth that the axial flow blower 12 is implanted with fruit tree with planting is connected.
Cooling fluid storage device includes being arranged on the side of heat exchange bucket 6 and with getting rid of the feed pipe 4 that the inside of bucket 8 is connected.For
Liquid feed valve 5 is installed in liquid pipe 4.
Feed pipe 4 is fixed on air conditioner shell, and the water spray end of feed pipe 4 is provided with several needle-like spray orifices, feed pipe 4
Do not moved with the rotation for getting rid of bucket.
Coolant flies out from hypergravity atomising device is entered to formation fine mist from bucket is got rid of, and mainly has three processes.
Process one:Coolant is sprayed by several needle-like spray orifices on feed pipe, and coolant extrudes spray orifice by hydraulic pressure, from
Spray orifice sprays a diameter of 1.5-2.5mm jets, realizes the refinement first to coolant.
Process two:Filler is received after spray orifice jet, and coolant further spreads thinning, coolant jet on filler surface
Permeated with pressure itself into filler.Coolant jet is approximately passed through after 10mm or so filler, is entirely reached identical with filler
Angular speed, coolant at this moment mainly exists in the form of liquid film.
Process three:After the filled complete capture of coolant jet, rotate, constantly accelerate to outflow with the superhigh speed of filler one
It is dynamic, continuous filled shearing splitting, formation fine mist, which is pulled out away from, gets rid of bucket.
Find out from three processes above, the link of coolant atomization quality most crux during the 3rd, be coolant by
The significant shear power shattering process that super gravity field is produced.Due in packing box use have the tiny thread filler of rigidity, silk it is straight
Footpath is several microns, and packing box radially has hundreds of thread fillers.Coolant passes through thread packing layer under hypergravity effect,
It will repeatedly be sheared, ultimately formed tiny droplet.
Can effectively it be sheared for most 30 times or so it is assumed that coolant passes through thread packing layer(Drop diameter is than thread filler diameter
It is small to be sheared to a certain extent), then coolant is split into more than 10 hundred million parts.If drop matter when filler captures coolant
Measure as 1mg.
So,
d1Diameter, d when drop filler is captured2Diameter when flying away from filler for drop;
Calculating is obtained:d1=1.24mm, d2=1.24 × 10-3mm
It can be seen that coolant is in super gravity field, after being sheared through thread filler, the diameter of the liquid mist drop of formation reaches micro-
Meter level.The sufficiently large total heat transfer surface area of so tiny droplet formation, is imitated so as to improve coolant with air heat and mass
Rate.
Power set, which include being arranged on the motor 1 at the opening of heat exchange bucket 6, the motor 1, is provided with power output
Axle 3, the lower end of the power output shaft 3 is connected with getting rid of bucket 8.
If air-intake device includes the dry plate blade 13 for being arranged on the upper end open position of heat exchange bucket 6, every two, blade
Fixing point, makes blade horizontal by about 25 ° of angles.The rotation direction of blade and coolant atomising device are oppositely oriented, thus compel
Air is set to make helical flow in bucket.Which adds the swap time of water smoke and air, while also increasing the road of exchange
Footpath.
Axial flow blower 12 is provided with air inlet 11 close to the position of the inner side of heat exchange bucket 6, at air inlet 11
Shutter 15 is installed.
The outside of heat exchange bucket 6 is provided with the liquid for observing the liquid level in heat exchange bucket 6 close to the position of the side of lower end
Position meter 14.For observing the liquid level in heat exchange bucket 6, and control drain pipe 9 discharges to ensure the liquid in heat exchange bucket 6 at any time
Position is in optimum state.
The present invention uses such scheme, as shown in figure 3, during work, turning on the power switch and existing with liquid feed valve 5, alternating current generator 1
Start to rotate under transducer drive, rotating speed is adjustable at 900-1390 revs/min, and drives hypergravity coolant atomising device at a high speed
Rotation.
After the logical supercooled liquid feeding device of coolant is first refined, on the filler for being equably ejected into coolant atomising device
Further crush.
Synchronous axial system is realized in coolant filled 7 seizure in very short time, and rotation coolant atomising device is produced at a high speed
In the presence of about 140g~330g super gravity fields, constantly accelerate, coolant passes through filament shape filler in accelerating,
Coolant is often through a filament shape filler, and filament shape filler is just sheared to coolant, and coolant is several through filament shape filler
Hundred shearings, coolant is first with shaped liquid film, then with liquidus shape, after become fine drop, when reaching coolant atomising device edge
The movement velocity of drop reaches 14~20.4 meter per seconds, last drop by coolant atomising device stainless (steel) wire radially
Dish out to form tiny liquid mist.
Axial flow blower 12 is using rotating speed 2900rpm, the m of air quantity 60003/ h, blast 260pa, power 0.75kw.Axle stream wind
Machine;
Using negative inspiratory pressure mode, if the rotation direction of dry plate blade 13 of the upper end open position through heat exchange bucket 6, forces air
Make helical flow in bucket.The air molecule of helical flow inversely passes through the mist layer formed by coolant, realizes air molecule
With fully contacting for coolant, coolant and air, High Efficiency Thermal mass transter are completed.
In above-described embodiment, the coolant can both use conventional chilling liquid, it would however also be possible to employ water is used as coolant.
In above-described embodiment, setting:Sparge pipe hole for water spraying is a diameter of:2.5mm.Hole for water spraying is:100.The total face of hole for water spraying
Product is:491mm2;Acc power is in axle stream:0.37WKW, air quantity 3000, total head 207pa.Then:Sparge pipe output is:
1500kg/h=1.5×109mg/h=4.17×105mg /s;Hole for water spraying sprays jet stroke:4.17×105mg/s÷1mg/
mm3÷419 mm2=848mm/s 。
Assuming that the temperature of air is in production of fruit trees facility:10 DEG C, relative humidity be:80%.Handled through hypergravity air conditioner
Afterwards, when air cooling-down is to 7 DEG C or so, relative air humidity reaches 100%, then cools, and water is separated out with regard to condensed in air.Often analyse
Go out 1kg water and need to discharge heat and be:2459.1kj/kg.
Assuming that water supply water temperature is:2℃.When air directly contacts exchange with water, water temperature often rises 1 DEG C, and water absorbs heat
For:1500kg×4.2kj/kg.℃×1℃=6300kj.
3000 m3Air, which often cools 1 DEG C, to be discharged heat and is(The condensation of water is not considered):3000m3×1.29kg/ m3
×1.003kj/kg.℃×1℃=3881kj。
The aqueous vapor temperature difference is 1 DEG C after air is exchanged with aqueous.It is 5 DEG C after aqueous temperature exchange, coabsorption heat is:3×
6300kj=18900kj;Temperature is 6 DEG C after air exchange, is known through looking into the wet figure of enthalpy of humid air, condensation about water 1.3kg,
Total release heat is after air cooling-down:1.3×2459kj+4×3881=18721kj.
Cooling is directly contacted with air with low-temperature cold water it can be seen from calculated above, air, which is cooled to 5 DEG C or so, is
It can realize completely, although the report without this respect.At present, this innovative technology we in October, 2014, in peach, Portugal
In grape annually cultivating, tonsure cooling method first is used with week age, temperature in production of fruit trees facility is dropped to 10 DEG C, then by temperature
Degree regulation and control are in the suitable hibernation temperature of 5-7 DEG C of fruit trees, and test effect is preferable.