CN104518672A - 一种磁集成与零端口电流纹波的三端口变换器 - Google Patents

一种磁集成与零端口电流纹波的三端口变换器 Download PDF

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CN104518672A
CN104518672A CN201410677018.5A CN201410677018A CN104518672A CN 104518672 A CN104518672 A CN 104518672A CN 201410677018 A CN201410677018 A CN 201410677018A CN 104518672 A CN104518672 A CN 104518672A
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CN104518672B (zh
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朱洪雨
张东来
朱基伟
张博温
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SHENZHEN AEROSPACE NEW SOURCE TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/14—Arrangements for reducing ripples from dc input or output
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/44—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for electromagnetic interference in converters or inverters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
    • H02M1/0038—Circuits or arrangements for suppressing, e.g. by masking incorrect turn-on or turn-off signals, e.g. due to current spikes in current mode control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0064—Magnetic structures combining different functions, e.g. storage, filtering or transformation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0083—Converters characterised by their input or output configuration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0083—Converters characterised by their input or output configuration
    • H02M1/009—Converters characterised by their input or output configuration having two or more independently controlled outputs

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供了一种磁集成与电流纹波抵消的三端口变换器，采用磁集成技术，减少了磁环的数量，也减少了驱动耦合变压器的个数，很大程度上减小了整机的体积、重量；利用电流纹波抵消支路，使得三端口流经的电流纹波很小，近似为零。本发明的三端口变换器减小了电磁干扰影响，同时节省了滤波成本，使得母线电流、电池电流更平缓。

Description

一种磁集成与零端口电流纹波的三端口变换器
技术领域
本发明涉及电源变换器，尤其涉及一种三端口变换器。
背景技术
太阳能电池-蓄电池直流电源系统中一般以太阳能作为输入源，蓄电池作为备用电源，共同向负载进行供电，由于需要同时管理输入源、蓄电池和负载三者的功率，一般需要采用两个或多个变换器共同完成系统功率管理的任务，各变换器分散控制，系统体积大、重量大，且存在多级功率变换，系统效率较低。现有技术如附图1所示，通常采用三端口变换器代替多个独立的变换器来实现系统的功率管理，采用分立磁元件实现三端口的能量流动，实现了产品化应用，其特点在于各端口通过变压器绕组相互隔离，其存在的问题及缺陷是：
1)使用独立的磁环电感，包括高边MOS管的变压器耦合驱动，没有采用磁集成技术，磁元件较多；
2)各端口输入输出纹波较大，滤波电容也较多；器件多，体积、重量较大，占用了更多的空间，减小了功率密度；
3)变压器隔离驱动对开关管开关控制的不足。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术中问题，本发明提出了一种磁集成与零端口电流纹波的三端口变换器，能够减少了磁环的数量和驱动耦合变压器的个数，同时，减小了电磁干扰影响，使得三端口流经的电流纹波几乎为零。
本发明通过如下技术方案实现：
一种磁集成与零端口电流纹波的三端口变换器，包括：太阳能电池SA输入端Vsa、母线端Vbus和蓄电池端Vbat，磁集成磁环的superboost电路，双向superbuck电路，电流纹波抵消支路1、支路2和支路3；所述太阳能电池SA通过所述磁集成磁环的superboost电路单向对母线端传递能量，所述磁集成磁环的superboost电路包括SA输入电容Cin、母线滤波电容Cbus、N-MOSFET管Q1、Q2、电感LN8、LN4、LN5；所述蓄电池通过所述双向SuperBuck电路双向对母线端传递能量，所述双向SuperBuck电路包括N-MOS管Q3、Q4、BUCK电路的续流电感LN1、电感LN5、LN9、LN10蓄电池端滤波电容Cbat；其中，输入电容Cin与太阳能电池恒流源并联；母线滤波电容的Cbus一端连母线输出端，另一端接地；N-MOSFET管Q1的栅极通过驱动电感LN8连驱动电路1，电感LN8的同名端连Q1的栅极，Q1的漏极连SA的输入端，Q1的源极连电感LN5的同名端，LN5的异名端接地；Q2的源极连SA的输入端，Q2的漏极连电感LN4的同名端，Q2的栅极连驱动电路2，电感LN4的异名端连母线输出端；电容C1的一端连LN4的同名端，另一端连LN5的同名端；蓄电池端滤波电容Cbat与蓄电池并联，Q3的漏极连Q2的漏极，Q3的源极连Q4的漏极，Q3的栅极连的LN10的同名端，LN10的异名端连驱动电路3；Q4的源极连LN5的同名端，Q4的栅极连驱动电感LN9的同名端，LN9的异名端连驱动电路4；Q3的源极连BUCK电路的续流电感LN1的同名端，LN1的异名端连蓄电池的输入端；所述电感LN5、LN4、LN8、LN9绕在磁环1上，所述电感LN1、LN10绕在另一个磁环2上；所述电流纹波抵消支路1和支路2用于抵消太阳能输入侧的电流纹波，所述电流纹波抵消支路3用于抵消电池侧的电流纹波，所述电流纹波抵消支路由一个独立电感，一个绕在磁环上的绕组和一个薄膜电容串联而成。
进一步地，所述电流纹波抵消支路1包括电感L7、LN7和电容C3，其中，电感L7的一端连SA的输入端，另一端连LN7的同名端，LN7的异名端通过电容C3接地；所述电流纹波抵消支路2包括电感L2、LN2和电容C2，其中，电感L2的一端连SA的输入端，另一端连LN2的同名端，LN2的异名端通过电容C2接地；所述电流纹波抵消支路3包括电感L3、LN3和电容C4，其中，电感LN3的异名端连蓄电池的输入端，同名端连电感L3的一端，L3的另一端通过电容C4接地，所述LN7绕在磁环1上，所述LN2、LN3绕在磁环2上。
本发明的有益效果是：本发明提供的磁集成与电流纹波抵消的三端口变换器应用于太阳能电池与蓄电池直流电源系统、航天电源系统，航空电源系统和航海电源系统。其改进的结构可以减小体积、重量，减少滤波器件，减小输入输出纹波，提高功率密度、稳定性。
附图说明
图1是现有技术中的三端口变换器电路图；
图2是本发明的磁集成与零端口电流纹波的三端口变换器电路图；
图3是本发明的三端口变换器的简化电路图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图说明及具体实施方式对本发明进一步说明。
如附图2所示的是本发明的磁集成与电流纹波抵消的三端口变换器电路图。所述变换器包括太阳能电池SA输入端Vsa、母线端Vbus和蓄电池端Vbat，磁集成磁环的superboost电路，双向superbuck电路，电流纹波抵消支路1、支路2和支路3。
左半部分是磁集成磁环的superboost电路。所述太阳能电池SA通过所述磁集成磁环的superboost电路单向对母线端传递能量，所述磁集成磁环的superboost电路包括SA输入电容Cin(薄膜电容15uF)、母线滤波电容Cbus(电容阵)、N-MOSFET管Q1、Q2(型号IRFP90N20D，负责升压)、电感LN8、LN4；所述蓄电池通过所述双向SuperBuck电路双向对母线端传递能量，所述双向SuperBuck电路包括N-MOS管Q3、Q4(型号IRFP90N20D)、BUCK电路的续流电感LN1(80uH)、电感LN5、LN9、LN10、蓄电池端滤波电容Cbat(15uF)；其中，输入电容Cin与太阳能电池恒流源并联；母线滤波电容的Cbus一端连母线输出端，另一端接地；N-MOSFET管Q1的栅极通过驱动电感LN8连驱动电路1，电感LN8的同名端连Q1的栅极，Q1的漏极连SA的输入端，Q1的源极连电感LN5的同名端，LN5的异名端接地；Q2的源极连SA的输入端，Q2的漏极连电感LN4的同名端，Q2的栅极连驱动电路2，电感LN4的异名端连母线输出端；电容C1的一端连LN4的同名端，另一端连LN5的同名端；蓄电池端滤波电容Cbat与蓄电池并联，Q3的漏极连Q2的漏极，Q3的源极连Q4的漏极，Q3的栅极连的LN10的同名端，LN10的异名端连驱动电路3；Q4的源极连LN5的同名端，Q4的栅极连驱动电感LN9的同名端，LN9的异名端连驱动电路4；Q3的源极连BUCK电路的续流电感LN1的同名端，LN1的异名端连蓄电池的输入端；所述电流纹波抵消支路1和支路2用于抵消太阳能输入侧的电流纹波，所述电流纹波抵消支路3用于抵消电池侧的电流纹波，所述电流纹波抵消支路由一个独立电感，一个绕在磁环上的绕组和一个薄膜电容串联而成。
所述电流纹波抵消支路1包括电感L7、LN7和电容C3，其中，电感L7的一端连SA的输入端，另一端连LN7的同名端，LN7的异名端通过电容C3接地；所述电流纹波抵消支路2包括电感L2、LN2和电容C2，其中，电感L2的一端连SA的输入端，另一端连LN2的同名端，LN2的异名端通过电容C2接地；所述电流纹波抵消支路3包括电感L3、LN3和电容C4，其中，电感LN3的异名端连蓄电池的输入端，同名端连电感L3的一端，L3的另一端通过电容C4接地，所述电感LN4、LN5、LN7、LN8、LN9绕在磁环1上，所述LN1、LN2、LN3、LN10绕在磁环2上。
所述电感LN4的异名端与母线输出端之间有一个固态限流欠压保护器，所述电感LN1的异名端与电池端之间也有一个固态限流欠压保护器。
所述固态限流欠压保护器由N-MOSFET管和二极管组成，所述二极管的正极连N-MOSFET管的源极，负极连N-MOSFET管的漏极。
所述Q2、Q3、Q4的源极和漏极之间有二极管，所述二极管的正极连源极，负极连漏极。
附图3是本发明的三端口变换器的简化电路图，其中，Q1和Q2信号互补，Q3和Q4信号互补。Q3、Q4互补导通，当为电池充电时，利用Q3实现BUCK功能，当电池放电时，利用Q4实现升压功能；Cbus和负载构成SuperBoost回路，(α1为占空比)。在电路正常工作时，电容C1上的电压始终等于母线电压Vbus，即VC1＝Vbus。
本发明的磁集成与电流纹波抵消的三端口变换器减少了磁环的数量(将电感L1与L2共同绕在一上磁环上，减少一个相同大小的磁环)，也减少了驱动耦合变压器的个数(减少两个变压器耦合驱动)，很大程度上减小了整机的体积、重量；使得三端口流经的电流纹波很小，近似为零。本发明的三端口变换器减小了电磁干扰影响，同时节省了滤波成本，使得母线电流、电池电流更平缓。
以上内容是结合具体的优选实施方式对本发明所作的进一步详细说明，不能认定本发明的具体实施只局限于这些说明。对于本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干简单推演或替换，都应当视为属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (8)

1.一种磁集成与零端口电流纹波的三端口变换器，其特征在于：所述三端口变换器包括：太阳能电池SA输入端Vsa、母线端Vbus和蓄电池端Vbat，磁集成磁环的superboost电路，双向superbuck电路，电流纹波抵消支路1、支路2和支路3；所述太阳能电池SA通过所述磁集成磁环的superboost电路单向对母线端传递能量，所述磁集成磁环的superboost电路包括SA输入电容Cin、母线滤波电容Cbus、N-MOSFET管Q1、Q2、电感LN8、LN4、LN5；所述蓄电池通过所述双向SuperBuck电路双向对母线端传递能量，所述双向SuperBuck电路包括N-MOS管Q3、Q4、BUCK电路的续流电感LN1、电感LN5、LN9、LN10、蓄电池端滤波电容Cbat；其中，输入电容Cin与太阳能电池恒流源并联；母线滤波电容的Cbus一端连母线输出端，另一端接地；N-MOSFET管Q1的栅极通过驱动电感LN8连驱动电路1，电感LN8的同名端连Q1的栅极，Q1的漏极连SA的输入端，Q1的源极连电感LN5的同名端，LN5的异名端接地；Q2的源极连SA的输入端，Q2的漏极连电感LN4的同名端，Q2的栅极连驱动电路2，电感LN4的异名端连母线输出端；电容C1的一端连LN4的同名端，另一端连LN5的同名端；蓄电池端滤波电容Cbat与蓄电池并联，Q3的漏极连Q2的漏极，Q3的源极连Q4的漏极，Q3的栅极连的LN10的同名端，LN10的异名端连驱动电路3；Q4的源极连LN5的同名端，Q4的栅极连驱动电感LN9的同名端，LN9的异名端连驱动电路4；Q3的源极连BUCK电路的续流电感LN1的同名端，LN1的异名端连蓄电池的输入端；所述电感LN4、LN5、LN8、LN9绕在磁环1上，所述电感LN1、LN10绕在另一个磁环2上；所述电流纹波抵消支路1和支路2用于抵消太阳能输入侧的电流纹波，所述电流纹波抵消支路3用于抵消电池侧的电流纹波，所述电流纹波抵消支路由一个独立电感，一个绕在磁环上的绕组和一个薄膜电容串联而成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的磁集成与零端口电流纹波的三端口变换器，其特征在于：所述电流纹波抵消支路1包括电感L7、LN7和电容C3，其中，电感L7的一端连SA的输入端，另一端连LN7的同名端，LN7的异名端通过电容C3接地；所述电流纹波抵消支路2包括电感L2、LN2和电容C2，其中，电感L2的一端连SA的输入端，另一端连LN2的同名端，LN2的异名端通过电容C2接地；所述电流纹波抵消支路3包括电感L3、LN3和电容C4，其中，电感LN3的异名端连蓄电池的输入端，同名端连电感L3的一端，L3的另一端通过电容C4接地，所述LN7绕在磁环1上，所述LN2、LN3绕在磁环2上。
3.根据权利要求2所述的磁集成与零端口电流纹波的三端口变换器，其特征在于：电容C2与C3合为一个电容。
4.根据权利要求1所述的磁集成与零端口电流纹波的三端口变换器，其特征在于：所述N-MOS管Q3、Q4互补导通，当为蓄电池充电时，利用Q3实现BUCK功能，当蓄电池放电时，利用Q4实现升压功能。
5.根据权利要求1所述的磁集成与零端口电流纹波的三端口变换器，其特征在于：所述Q1和Q4直接采用两个绕组进行驱动，Q2和Q3经过自举电平实现高边驱动。
6.根据权利要求1所述的磁集成与零端口电流纹波的三端口变换器，其特征在于：所述电感LN4的异名端与母线输出端之间有一个固态限流欠压保护器，所述电感LN1的异名端与电池端之间也有一个固态限流欠压保护器。
7.根据权利要求1所述的磁集成与零端口电流纹波的三端口变换器，其特征在于：所述固态限流欠压保护器由N-MOSFET管和二极管组成，所述二极管的正极连N-MOSFET管的源极，负极连N-MOSFET管的漏极。
8.根据权利要求1所述的磁集成与零端口电流纹波的三端口变换器，其特征在于：所述Q2、Q3、Q4的源极和漏极之间有二极管，所述二极管的正极连源极，负极连漏极。
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