CN104514858A - Gearless speed-reducer - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a gearless speed-reducer, aiming at providing a speed-reducer which is simple in structure, low in cost, saved in energy and manpower, reduced in noises, less in heating and durable and has an engaging/disengaging function; the gearless speed-reducer is characterized in that a driving wheel composed of a plurality of plate vanes equidistantly arranged on the external periphery is installed on a low-speed shaft, and the plate vanes are sequentially pushed to move by using the front-end ejector heads of two or more levers to swing to and fro, so that the low-speed shaft is driven to rotate. The working principle is as follows: the front-end ejector heads of the two or more levers bordered by the rotating points of the middle sections are corresponding to the transmission plate vanes; the rear-end ejector heads sleeve one end of each connecting rod in a sliding manner; the other ends of the connecting rods sleeve the crank positions of a crankshaft; the crankshaft promotes the connecting rods to lift or move up and down during rotation so as to drive the levers bordered by the rotating points to reversely swing to and fro and push one plate vane to exceed in each swing.

Description

A kind of gearless speed reducer

  

Technical field

The present invention relates to machinery on-stream needs falls slow-revving a kind of device, be more particularly more definitely a certain machine when doing work according to the rotational speed designed by technological requirement when should lower than the rotating speed of its power and motor or internal-combustion engine supporting a kind of speed reducer or claim gearbox.

Background technique

As everyone knows, the operation of a machine must by power and motor or internal-combustion engine drives, the medium only having only a few to use in the nature such as waterpower or wind-force promotes, because the rotating speed of motor and internal-combustion engine is too high, be not suitable with the technological requirement of numerous machine when doing work, this is the origin that speed reducer occurs.Although the speed reducer that society uses has varied, but its acting principle is nearly all identical, namely by the on-stream drive high speed shaft of power, high speed shaft is provided with small gear and driving gear also rotates thereupon, in rotation, drive gearwheel and driven gear on jack shaft intermeshing with it or be called that follower rotates, drive a gearwheel being namely arranged on lower velocity shaft on intermeshing with it to rotate by another small gear on jack shaft again, realize the object of deceleration thus.Other machine very individual is few or a lot of because slowing down, and in particular cases also have at this speed reducer that diaxon and high speed shaft and lower velocity shaft or totally four axles are only set, each root axle is all that level is installed, each axle is in tandem parallel each other, when needs change direction, also level can combine with vertical arrangement and install, or title axle and axle installation at a right angle, but no matter which kind of mounting type, all must rely on and mainly be engaged each other transmission by two gears.The gear kind used can be cylindrical spur gear according to factors such as the difference of each technological requirement and manufacture complexities, and cylindric spiral gear, herringbone gear, cone gear and spiral gear etc. are multiple.

Its gear of speed reducer of the prior art is all arranged in the casing of a sealing, must be large with small band in transmission, otherwise be just far from being and slowed down, gear transmission is modal a kind of kind of drive in machinery, the transmission campaign be only made up of two pitch wheels less and the type of belt drive of power, two gear contours invariant position toward each other, and respectively rotate around the axis of himself, be running in the other direction each other when outer gearing, namely one of them is for left-hand rotation one is for turning right, it is equidirectional running during internal messing, when two gears engage each other and work, can by the power of driving wheel and Movement transmit to follower (driven wheel).Due to gear transmission there is stable drive, accurately and velocity ratio is large and transmission efficiency high, therefore its application area is quite extensive.Gear transmission is used for being a kind of very widely in speed reducer, though it possesses above-mentioned various advantage, also has its deficiency, is mainly manifested in the following aspects.

First be its complex structure and heavy, one-time investment is large.Its model of type of tradition four gear three axle double reductions is next fixed in units of millimeter by the centre distance size of high speed shaft and lower velocity shaft.Such as 350 type speed reducers, the high speed shaft namely in this machine and the centre distance of lower velocity shaft are 350 millimeters.Each speed reducer is combined by casing (casting forms), gear, axle and the Component such as bearing support and bearing, and the gear oil of certain weight of must annotating is as oiling agent and guarantee oil-proof, one bench-type number is the medium-sized speed reducer of 1000, and its weight is about 1 ton.Particularly when adopting spiral gear and worm and worm gear engagement driving, in power transmission, in order to raise the efficiency, reduce friction and extend its working life, must adopt and manufacture than the bronze of your manyfold of common iron price, not only cost is high, and difficulty of processing is large, its reason is in Worm and Worm Gear Driving, the tooth of worm gear is that circular arc surrounds worm screw, so the hobboing cutter of cutting worm gear must have duplicate modulus with work worm screw, pressure angle, standard pitch diameter, head number, rotation direction and lead angle, therefore the specificity of hobboing cutter is extremely strong, so be only that worm gear that modulus is identical and worm screw cannot exchange engagement.

Next is big energy-consuming.As everyone knows, main more much more energy-conservation by intermeshing its size of two gears difference, this with claim with hand scale its slight sliding weight of steelyard of thing toward arm beam of steelyard tail end move one times distance its to be claimed thing also correspondingly must increase the weight of one times of reason the same, reason is the power of having used laborsaving lever.Be not difficult to find, if go the output shaft of a rotation speed reducer (lower velocity shaft) much more difficult more than its input shaft of twisting (high speed shaft) with manpower, what Ji Fan road was capable is effort lever.But owing to being subject to the restriction of its cost and volume, driven gear can not be done very large in practical operation, driving gear also can not do too little by the constraint simultaneously by intensity, if four of a speed reducer gears are changed into two and speed ratio is constant, according to the number of speed ratio, its volume the latter is the former several times even tens times, is therefore impracticable a kind of technological scheme.

That working life is short and noise is large again.Due to gear tooth intensity very finite sum in transmission be hard grind wipe, operation interrupted tooth phenomenon often has generation, it is on-stream wear-resisting like that it can not show a candle to bearing, and with noise to a certain degree, particularly cylindrical spur gear is on-stream for engaging suddenly and throwing off suddenly and noise is larger, helical teeth and herringbone tooth in engagement driving for by so contact with by so throwing off, noise is less but manufacture cost is relative will height.

Also have just because of friction ractor unavoidably has fever phenomenon comparatively greatly, in order to reduce wear extent, gear oil don't fail to be annotated as oiling agent in gearbox, and will regularly annotate or change, the origin of individual fuel reserve tank and gearbox must be had thus.

In addition, due to lubricant oil must be added in gearbox, therefore the installation of every platform speed reducer be only limited to its bottom under, angle mount, vertical dress and upside-down mounting cannot be realized, when need in mechanical transmission change direction time, only way just have to adopt Bevel Gear Drive for diaxon intersect mechanism and both inconvenience difficulty was larger.

Summary of the invention

The present invention is not enough for making up the above, aim to provide that a kind of structure is simple, cheap, energy and labour saving, without have noise, need not oiling, seldom heating, durable in use and possess a kind of speed reducer slowed down with clutch dual functions, be achieved by the following technical solutions.

Lower velocity shaft installs a plate vane-type drive wheel, its outer rim contour is made up of with equidistant arrangement some pieces of plate leaves, the shape of its plate leaf can be one piece of square blade, also can be affixed with adjacent side combine outer thin interior thick in A font by two right-angled triangles, namely, outside being wherein close to each other on one side by two block length bar shaped plates, another side keeps certain distance interior each other.(before and after dividing with the movement direction) displacement forward of plate leaf is passed in turn with upper lever front end by two or two, thus drive lower velocity shaft running, two or three each roots of lever swing back and forth and once pass one piece of plate leaf and surmount and do work, and details are as follows for its structure and acting principle.

The bent axle chosen with two or three or more than three crank positions is directly driven by power as high speed shaft, two crank positions 180 ° spaced from one another (360 ° of ÷ 2) on contour, three crank positions 120 ° spaced from one another (360 ° of ÷ 3) on contour, by that analogy, each crank position and connecting rod wherein a headgear be combined into be slidably matched namely rotatable, other end and lever tail end come directly towards fit and are similarly and are slidably matched, bent axle is often transported to circle and is driven lever up and down or (paperback is upper and lower in left and right, vertical dress is for left and right or claim front and back) swing back and forth once, thus passing lower velocity shaft upper driving wheel rim Zhou Qizhong mono-piece of plate leaf surmounts, a transmission wheel rim Zhou Gongyou how many pieces of its bent axles of leaf must turn corresponding revolution and lower velocity shaft just can be impelled to circle, realize the object of deceleration thus.

Relative paperback, with turning point (fulcrum), for its lever rear end of boundary, up front end is inevitable down, pass plate leaf by front end in up or to be down shifted, namely return does not do work for dallying, but owing at least there are two crank positions on same bent axle and being separated by 180 °, impel at one time thus two levers wherein one up one down for do work in turn, down for one of acting is throwing off with plate leaf and while returning, up an one initial and rear plate leaf is affixed and reverses end for end downwards, so often maintain one upwards with one downwards, down for acting is up for returning, will inevitably be blocked by a rear plate leaf when will arrive top dead center in returning, otherwise initial downward time just can not be affixed with plate leaf, the on-stream disadvantage that just there will be time-out of such drive wheel, technological scheme one selected by the present invention be by each for drive wheel plate leaf in length according to the corresponding lengthening of technological requirement, concrete size is as the criterion according to holding the acting of some levers, same two levers are changed into more than three or three corresponding with plate leaf respectively, both take their own roads in running, do not interfere with each other, act in agreement again, do work in turn.For three, every up and down or swing once, in one way, (go or return) is as long as have 2/3rds to walk journey and plate leaf is affixed as doing work, just can slurcocks leaf connect and lower velocity shaft ceaselessly operate, such as top, lever front end is down acting, on on schedule under entirely to walk journey be on schedule 90mm, only intermediate section 60mm and plate leaf are affixed, the each 15mm in two is idle running, just both can realize returning in (up) and loop can not being blocked by a rear plate leaf, can reach again and pass plate leaf and drive wheel and operate continuously, its reason is the left and right that three its turning point of lever (fulcrum) are all arranged on same transverse axis, more than double joint 1/3rd, take with plate leaf in acting and paste (mutually superposing) size and lacked 1/3rd.Top, lever front end is down and up respectively 180 ゜, for down for acting, single lever two respectively has 30 ゜ not namely to be affixed with plate leaf for dallying, namely three levers ought wherein one be in the same time of opening with plate leaf Off, wherein up one is in same angle one toward next root up with the former, and the initial and rear plate leaf Da of another root connects to be affixed and to pass plate leaf band and connects drive wheel and rotate.

Two is be mounted to movable by the some plate leaves on drive wheel outer rim contour, external extension slippage certain size in getting final product, for movable plate leaf, on its static support of two corresponding with plate leaf, corresponding positions (rotating contour upper plate leaf backoff) installs each bearing, can step back when being affixed with bearing in displacement with plate leaf and be as the criterion, as long as position (interior) mounting spring or extension spring after a certain piece of plate leaf, when giving up the throne, spring is compressed or extension spring is elongated, reset of protracting immediately under the effect of spring stretches or tension spring tension after surmounting bearing.Plate leaf is just in time when lever front surmounts when retreating, after surmounting and plate leaf be affixed immediately return by plate leaf depress, a upper lever is down acting, next lever is up idle running, turning to or be situation conversely according to drive wheel, has two levers that drive wheel company and lower velocity shaft just can be impelled ceaselessly to operate like this.Also pachydermia pipe can be selected to do lower velocity shaft, ball or air bag is laid with drive wheel each plate leaf corresponding part in pipe, and punch before and after the surrounding respective panels leaf of pipe, have at least two places to be affixed by hole and ball or air bag inside every block plate leaf, also can obtain the effect same with mounting spring or extension spring and more simple.

In the running of certain occasion, lower velocity shaft must suspend, and must must install a clutch additional, namely under the condition of not stopping power, suspend lower velocity shaft on speed reducer input shaft.The technical solution adopted in the present invention supporting lever is rotated each bearing in transverse axis two of position and bearing support is placed in each longitudinal slide rail respectively, its bearing support can only longitudinally be shifted front and back, can not be shifted up and down, after move its lever front of a small amount of size and just no longer take subsides with plate leaf, plate leaf no longer rotates thus.Specific practice selects two stay front coupling shaft bearings, back is two-in-one is placed in the next hole of a vertical fork, its turning point of fork is positioned at lower end close to top, and be hang in the next static frame of turning point by extension spring one, other end system hangs on the upper fork of turning point, impel before and after fork top by manpower and be shifted, displacement size is as the criterion (arranging locating stop piece in front and back) can reach technological requirement, and under the effect that both extension spring and locating stop piece are common, its fork can not automatically reset.

In order to alleviate the relative friction of bent axle its crank position on-stream and connecting rod suit place, the each eccentric wheel in coaxial two or eccentric disk is selected to replace double-handle position bent axle, bearing is installed for departing from center and connecting rod fit in a certain top of certain side namely outside wheel disc or plate, as long as namely each bearing in two is separated by 180 ゜ each other on contour, the running in the other direction each other of double joint lever just can be realized.

In sum, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is that on lower velocity shaft, install its outer rim contour be single or three row (double supporting double joint or four levers, three or six roots of sensation lever are overlapped in three deployings) by some pieces of plate leaves with the drive wheel of equidistant arrangement, to come directly towards in swing slurcocks leaf in turn by double joint or double joint with upper lever front end respectively and be shifted; Or be mounted to by each piece of plate leaf can inside and outside slippage movable, and at the inner side mounting spring of plate leaf or extension spring or air bag, its effect impels plate leaf to give up the throne to make way for top, lever front end by rear reset, have at least a plate leaf to keep existing with top, lever front overlapping (superposition) on a small quantity and being affixed in running, lever is active plate leaf is that passive slurcocks leaf is shifted; For alleviating the relative friction in passing, and in lever top, roller is installed; Each bearing support at supporting lever transverse axis two is placed in the long rails of left and right respectively, two stay front ends are connected with diaxon bearing respectively, its rear end is connected with fork, and fork bottom hangs with extension spring, and manpower is passed and to be shifted to realize being affixed and disengagement of lever front and plate leaf before and after fork.Or select each eccentric wheel or eccentric disk replacement bent axle that are arranged on same axle two.

Its beneficial effect one of the present invention is that structure is simple, manufactures easily, and no matter how many speed ratios need only install single drive wheel on lower velocity shaft, add large speed ratio only must correspondingly increase plate leaf just can, other positions need not change; Two is energy and labour savings, and drive wheel and lever are equivalent to a gearwheel and a small gear respectively, and no matter how many speed ratios is all primary speed-down, and on-stream need not charging-up lubricant oil; Three is durable in use: the bearing wear in roller, travelling wheel is replaceable, low price, and plate leaf and lever come directly towards roller is affixed as barrel shift weares and teares minimum, and lever and bent axle can not be bad; Four is install engaging and disengaging gear if desired can possess clutch function, replaces a clutch thus; Five is both can clockwisely also can reverse under the condition not changing servosteering, also have because of need not supporting trapped fuel gear-box and paperback, vertical dress, angle mount or the various advantages such as upside-down mounting and noise minimizing can be realized.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is its plate vane-type drive wheel of the present invention and three lever its structures in place and principle schematic of doing work;

Fig. 2 is that to install cover plate additional be the plate vane-type drive wheel stereogram placed vertically at two;

Fig. 3 is two its shape display of handle position bent axle figure;

The single crank position bent axle display figure of Fig. 4 to be two be eccentric wheel structure;

Fig. 5, Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 are can inside and outside sliding plate leaf drive wheel and lever fit its structure in place and the principle exploded view that does work;

Its section of plate vane-type drive wheel of Fig. 8 to be plate leaf section be taper cuts open existing figure;

Fig. 9 replaces its structure of its engaging and disengaging gear of clutch and acting principle exploded view.

Embodiment

Be described further below in conjunction with each accompanying drawing.

With reference to Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, its outer rim contour of plate vane-type drive wheel by some pieces of plate leaves 2 with equidistant arrangement between two epicranial plates 4, in it, Ф plane has keyway 3 by pin key and lower velocity shaft (not shown) fit, top, each its front end of lever 5 is provided with roller 6 on-stream being close to a wherein plate leaf in turn and does work, lever tail end and connecting rod 8 connecting sleeve are combined into and are slidably matched, and top, connecting rod 8 lower end is linked on the crank position 10 of bent axle 9.Three connecting rod followings are separated by 120 ° on contour, be provided with on the right of bent axle belt pulley 11 for power engine belt pulley (not shown) by the transmission of belt fit, bent axle two is arranged in each bearing and bearing support 12 respectively, lever 5 is that boundary's front and back two-part under the drive of power swing back and forth each other in the other direction with turning point 7, lever 5 for active plate leaf 2 for passive company and lower velocity shaft running and do work, bent axle often rotates a circle, each lever swings up and down once promotion individual plates leaf 2 jointly in turn and surmounts, thus realizes the object of deceleration.

Same plate vane-type drive wheel is jointly driven in turn with upper lever by three or three, relative two levers, there are following two superiority: one is that after top, its lever front end on-stream the past stop after acting is back to, walking in journey of its 180 ゜ of stop can not be blocked by the plate leaf in reach, can save thus and each plate leaf is mounted to inside and outside sliding technique, its reason is that the lever in return comes directly towards or the room be between front and rear panel leaf, or the space at its two after throwing off before being in that a wherein lever is initial and taking subsides with plate leaf with plate leaf, or be in above-mentioned with plate leaf initial take paste (Hai No have take subsides) and be about to throw off (Bing No and isolate) lever same position, plate leaf and the reach of acting lever, move as carrying out simultaneously after backhaul lever, therefore top, backhaul lever front end also can surmount smoothly in these two positions, two is that top, lever front end is taken with plate leaf and pasted size superpose and select three levers by minimizing 1/3rd, selects four by minimizing 1/2nd, and to become far away be laborsaving lever principle and more energy-conservation by near namely to take subsides position and drive wheel centre distance.

With reference to Fig. 4, the middle only crank position 10 of bent axle, the outside of each eccentric wheel disc 18 in two is separately installed with bearing 19, two bearings and a crank position are separated by 120 ° each other on contour, for with three connecting rod fits, supported by each bearing and bearing support 12 and located about bent axle, and belt pulley 11 is installed.

With reference to Fig. 5, Fig. 6 and Fig. 7, drive wheel is fixedly mounted on hollow lower velocity shaft 20, edge week, each plate leaf 2 was that movable installation gets final product the inside and outside a small amount of size of slippage, owing to having laid air bag 21 or ball 22 at lower velocity shaft center, or inside plate leaf, lay spring 13 or hang up extension spring 14, and (not shown) is installed rotatable bearing 35 and is positioned within plate leaf outer rim end face on the upper and lower actionless support of corresponding position, outer rim somewhere, plate leaf in running and bearing are extruded and retire toward in when meeting, the lever top roller 6 made way for thus in returning surmounts, after surmounting, return is passed the plate leaf reach of reset of rising and does work immediately, its principle is that in retrogressing, position (inner side) air bag or ball or spring are compressed plate leaf thereafter, or extension spring is elongated, to rise outward immediately owing to eliminating extruding force after surmounting bearing 35 reset.Till being blocked by upper and lower two header studs 23, only illustrating single in two lever 5(figure) its turning point is arranged on the left and right of same transverse axis 24, and transverse axis supported by one, two first place bearing and bearing support 25.

In fig. 8, plate vane-type drive wheel outer rim contour plate leaf 2 is made up of two steel plate two-in-one, and its section inner wide and outer narrow is tapered, owing to comparatively firmly can saving and add cover plate at two.

With reference to Fig. 9, three levers 5 are installed in the left and right on transverse axis 24 altogether, each bearing at transverse axis two and bearing support 25 be placed in around in each long strip concave tracks 26 can before and after slippage, be connected with diaxon bearing 25 respectively by two stays 27, stay rear end two-in-one is passed from the cavity 29 of fork 28 bottom, two fork turning point 30 are lived and are arranged in fixed pedestal 31, pull bar 32 is had to involve between two pedestals 31 of left and right, stay 33 is had between two forks 28, extension spring 34 two is hang on the next pull bar 32 of turning point and upper pull bar 33 respectively, placement plate (not shown) is had for restricting the rotating angle front or back of fork before and after fork, stay 27 is had to be connected between two forks are upper, when needs suspend lower velocity shaft running, as long as slightly pull stay 27 backward with manpower, impel diaxon bearing 25 to connect and move after transverse axis 24 and lever 5, just lever front end can be made to come directly towards throw off with transmission wheel plate leaf (not shown), owing to there being its fork of existence of extension spring 34 can not self-return, thus replace a clutch.

  

Claims (4)

1. a gearless speed reducer, by high speed shaft be initiatively, lower velocity shaft is passive and operate continuously, it is characterized in that: on lower velocity shaft, install its outer rim contour be single or three rows by some pieces of plate leaves with the drive wheel of equidistant arrangement, to come directly towards in swing slurcocks leaf in turn by double joint or double joint with its front end of upper lever respectively and be shifted.

2. a kind of gearless speed reducer according to claim 1, it is characterized in that each piece of plate leaf to be mounted to can the outer slippage of Inner movable, and at each plate leaf Inner side mounting spring or rubbish spring or air bag.

3. a kind of gearless speed reducer according to claim 1, is characterized in that top, lever front end is provided with roller (6).

4. a kind of gearless speed reducer according to claim 1, each bearing support (25) at supporting lever transverse axis (24) two is it is characterized in that to be placed in left and right long rails (26) respectively, two stays (27) front end is connected with diaxon bearing respectively, rear end is connected with fork (28), and fork bottom hangs with extension spring (34).