CN104514858B - A kind of gearless reductor - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of gearless reductor, it is desirable to provide a kind of simple in construction, cheap, energy and labour saving, seldom reduction noise, heating, a kind of deceleration device that is durable in use and possessing clutch function, and the main points of its technical scheme are：It is to be spaced substantially equidistant the drive that some pieces of plate leafs are constituted that its outer rim contour is installed on slow-speed shaft, promotes plate leaf to shift in turn in swinging back and forth with its front end of upper lever top by two or two, so as to drive slow-speed shaft to operate.Its do work principle be：Two or two using upper lever by boundary of the interlude point of rotation, its front end top is corresponding with drive plate leaf, its rear end top is linked in wherein one, connecting rod to slide, the crank position fit of connecting rod other end and bent axle, bent axle promotes connecting rod to lift or move forward and backward in rotation, thus opposite direction swings back and forth each other before and after driving lever using the point of rotation as boundary, often swings once one piece of plate leaf of passage and surmounts.

Description

A kind of gearless reductor

Technical field

Need to reduce a kind of device of rotating speed in operation the present invention relates to machinery, be more particularly more precisely a certain Machine is in acting according to the rotary speed designed by technological requirement when the rotating speed that less than its power should be motor or internal combustion engine And a kind of supporting reductor or gearbox.

Background technology

It is well known that the operation of a machine must be motor or internal-combustion engine drives by power, only only a few borrows waterpower Or the medium in the Nature such as wind-force is promoted, because the rotating speed of motor and internal combustion engine is too high, numerous machines are not suitable with acting When technological requirement, this be reductor occur origin.The reductor used on today's society in spite of varied, but its Principle of doing work nearly all is identical, i.e., driven in operation by power and little gear is provided with high speed shaft, high speed shaft i.e. actively Gear is also rotated with, and drive is driven gear with the gear wheel on its intermeshing jackshaft or is driven in rotation Wheel is rotated, then another little gear on jackshaft drives and its intermeshing canine tooth being arranged on slow-speed shaft Wheel rotation, is achieved in the purpose of deceleration.Extremely individual other machine is few or many because slowing down, and herein in particular cases Have and two axles i.e. high speed shaft and slow-speed shaft or the reductor of totally four axles be only set, each axle all to be horizontally mounted, each axle that This be parallel to each other in tandem, when need change direction when, can also level be combined installation, or axle and axle with vertical arrangement It is at a right angle to install, but regardless of mounting means, must be all driven by main by two gear intermeshings.The gear kind used Class can be cylindrical spur gear, cylindric spiral gear, double helical tooth according to factors such as the differences and manufacture complexity of each technological requirement Wheel, conical gear and helical gear etc. are a variety of.

Its gear of reductor of the prior art is all arranged in a sealed casing, must be with small band in transmission Greatly, otherwise just it is far from being deceleration, gear drive is most common a kind of kind of drive in machinery, it is only few by two intermeshings The transmission motion that is constituted of gear and power type of belt drive, two gear contour positions relative to each other are constant, and it is each around its from The axis of body is rotated, and is operated each other for opposite direction when external toothing, i.e., one of them is that left-hand rotation one is right-hand rotation, is during internal messing Equidirectional operating, when two gears are intermeshed and worked, can pass to the power of driving wheel and motion driven pulley (follower). The features such as there is big stable drive, accurate and gearratio and transmission efficiency due to gear drive, therefore its application is suitable Extensively.It is extremely wide one kind that gear drive, which is used in reductor, though it possesses above-mentioned various advantages, also there is its deficiency Place, is mainly manifested in the following aspects.

It is that it is complicated and heavy first, one-time investment is big.Its type of the type of traditional axle double reduction of four gear three Number it is to come fixed in units of millimeter by the centre distance size of high speed shaft and slow-speed shaft.For example in 350 type reductors, the i.e. machine High speed shaft and slow-speed shaft centre-to-centre spacing be 350 millimeters.Each reductor is by casing (casting is formed), gear, axle and bearing Seat and the spare and accessory parts such as bearing are combined, and must fill the gear oil of certain weight as lubricant and ensure it is oil-proof, The medium-sized reductor of one model 1000, its weight is 1 ton or so.Particularly when using helical gear be worm and wormwheel engagement During transmission, in power transmission, in order to improve efficiency, reduce friction and extend its service life, it is necessary to using than common iron Price wants the bronze of your manyfold to manufacture, and not only cost is high, and difficulty of processing is big, and its reason is in Worm and Worm Gear Driving In, the tooth of worm gear surrounds worm screw in circular arc, so the hobboing cutter of cutting worm gear must have completely with work worm screw The same modulus, pressure angle, reference diameter, head number, rotation direction and lead angle, therefore the specificity of hobboing cutter is extremely strong, so only Only it is modulus identical worm gear and worm screw is cannot to exchange engagement.

Next to that big energy-consuming.It is well known that main more many more save by intermeshing its size of two gears difference, this and use Hand scale claim its slight sliding weight of steelyard of thing toward arm beam of steelyard tail end move one times also must accordingly to be aggravated by title thing one times of reason apart from it the same, Reason is the power for having borrowed laborsaving lever.It is seen that, if being gone to rotate the output shaft (slow-speed shaft) of a reductor with manpower More than twisting, its input shaft (high speed shaft) is much more difficult, and Ji Fan roads row is laborious lever.But due to by its cost and body Driven gear, can not possibly be made very big by long-pending restriction in practical operation, while being also impossible to by the constraint of intensity by actively Gear is made too small, if by four gears of a reductor be changed to two and speed than constant, according to fast ratio number, its body Product the latter is even tens times of the former several times, therefore is a kind of unworkable technical scheme.

It is that service life is short and noise is big again.Because the intensity very finite sum of gear tooth is wiped in transmission for hard grind, Operation interrupted tooth phenomenon often has generation, and it is wear-resisting like that in operation that it can not show a candle to bearing, and with a certain degree of noise, especially It is that for engagement suddenly and unexpected disengage, noise is bigger in operation for cylindrical spur gear, helical teeth and double helical tooth are in engaged transmission By right contact with by so disengagement and noise is smaller but manufacturing cost is relatively high.

, don't fail to be in gearbox in order to reduce wear extent also just because of coefficient of friction is larger unavoidably to have fever phenomenon Interior filling gear oil and periodically will be filled or changed as lubricant, it is thus necessary to have the i.e. gearbox of individual fuel reserve tank by Come.

Further, since have to add lubricating oil in gearbox, therefore the installation of every reductor is only limited to its bottom Under, it is impossible to realize angle mount, vertical dress and upside-down mounting, when needing to change direction in machine driving, only way is just had to adopt With the Bevel Gear Drive mechanism intersecting for two axles, both inconvenient difficulty was larger.

The content of the invention

The present invention is to make up deficiency described above, it is desirable to provide a kind of simple in construction, cheap, energy and labour saving, nothing have Noise, without oiling, seldom heating, durable in use and possess and slow down and a kind of deceleration device of clutch dual-use function, use with Lower technical scheme is achieved.

On slow-speed shaft install a plate vane-type drive, its outer rim contour by some pieces of plate leafs to be spaced substantially equidistant group Shape into, its plate leaf can be that one piece of square blade or be affixed by two right angled triangles with adjacent side is combined Outer thin interior thickness be A fonts, i.e., by two block length bar shaped plates wherein one side it is snugly into each other outside, another side keeps a spacing each other From including.The plate leaf displacement (before and after moving direction point) forward is elapsed in turn by two or more than two lever front ends, so that band Dynamic slow-speed shaft operating, two or three each of levers, which swing back and forth, once to be elapsed one piece of plate leaf and surmounts and do work, its structure with Details are as follows for principle of doing work.

Selection carries two or three or the bent axle of more than three cranks positions is directly driven as high speed shaft by power, two Crank position is 180 ° spaced from one another on contour（360°÷2）, three crank positions are 120 ° spaced from one another on contour （360°÷3）, by that analogy, each crank position is combined into be slidably matched i.e. rotatable, other end and thick stick with a connecting rod wherein headgear Bar tail end top fit, which is similarly, to be slidably matched, and bent axle is often transported above and below the drive lever that circles or left and right（Paperback founds dress above and below being For left and right or front and rear）Swing back and forth once, surmount so as to elapse slow-speed shaft upper driving wheel edge week one of plate leaf, a biography Its bent axle of how many pieces of driving wheel edge Zhou Gongyou leaves, which must turn corresponding revolution, can just promote slow-speed shaft to circle, and be achieved in slowing down Purpose.

For paperback, with the point of rotation（Fulcrum）For its lever rear end of boundary, up front end is inevitable down, from front end toward Upper or down middle passage plate leaf displacement, return does not do work for idle running, but due to there are two cranks at least on same bent axle Position is simultaneously separated by 180 °, thus promote in the same time wherein one, two levers up one down to do work in turn, down for One of acting with plate leaf while disengaging and returning, and a starting up is affixed with latter plate leaf and reversed end for end downwards, this Sample often maintains one upwards and one downward, is down up return for acting, when will reach top dead centre in return It will necessarily be blocked, otherwise cannot be affixed when originating downward with plate leaf, such drive in operation will by latter plate leaf There is the disadvantage suspended, the technical scheme one selected by the present invention be by each plate leaf of drive in length it is corresponding according to technological requirement Lengthen, specific size is defined according to accommodating some levers and do work, equally by two levers be changed to three or more than three respectively with Plate leaf is corresponding, both takes their own roads, does not interfere with each other in operating, acts in agreement again, does work in turn.Exemplified by three, per up and down or Swing once, in one way（Go or return）As long as having 2/3rds to walk journey to be affixed to do work with plate leaf, plate leaf just can be promoted Even and slow-speed shaft is ceaselessly operated, such as lever front end top is down acting, on walk journey entirely on schedule under on schedule for 90mm, only Interlude 60mm is affixed with plate leaf, and each 15mm in two is idle running, just both may be implemented in return（Up）In will not be by latter plate leaf Loop is blocked, passage plate leaf is can reach again and drive is continuously run, its reason is three lever its points of rotation（Fulcrum）All positions In the left and right on same transverse axis, patch is taken with plate leaf 1/3rd more than double joint, in acting, and (to be overlapped mutually) size few 1/3rd.Lever front end top is down and up respectively 180 ゜, and exemplified by being down acting, respectively there are 30 ゜ at single lever two Be not affixed for idle running with plate leaf, i.e., three levers ought wherein one in the same time opened with plate leaf Off, wherein up One is in same past next of angle one up with the former, and another starting connects with latter plate leaf Da is affixed and elapses plate leaf Band even drive rotation.

Two be some plate leafs on drive outer rim contour are mounted to it is movable, you can interior external extension slides a scale Very little, by taking movable plate leaf as an example, (rotation contour upper plate leaf is retreated corresponding positions on its static support of two corresponding with plate leaf Place) each bearing is installed, it can step back and be defined when being affixed by plate leaf in displacement with bearing, as long as the position after a certain piece of plate leaf （It is interior）Spring or extension spring are installed, spring is compressed when giving up the throne or extension spring is elongated, surmounted after bearing in spring stretching, extension or extension spring drawing Extension resets immediately in the presence of power.When exactly lever front surmounts when plate leaf is retreated, it is affixed after surmounting with plate leaf vertical I.e. return down pushes away plate leaf, a upper lever down for acting, next lever up for idle running, according to drive steering or For situation in turn, so having two levers to promote, drive connects and slow-speed shaft is ceaselessly operated.Can also be from thickness Leather hose does slow-speed shaft, lays ball or air bag with each plate leaf corresponding position of drive in pipe, and before the surrounding correspondence plate leaf of pipe After punch, at least two on the inside of every piece of plate leaf at be affixed by hole with ball or air bag, also can obtain and install spring or drawing The same effect of spring and it is more simple and easy to apply.

Slow-speed shaft must suspend in the operating of certain occasion, must obtain and install a clutch additional on reductor input shaft, that is, exist Do not stop to suspend slow-speed shaft under conditions of power.The technical solution adopted in the present invention is that supporting lever is rotated to transverse axis two of position Each bearing and bearing block are placed in each longitudinal slide rail respectively, its bearing block can only longitudinally before and after displacement, can not on Lower left and right sidesing shifting, moves its lever front of a small amount of size and patch is just no longer taken with plate leaf, thus plate leaf is not rotated further by afterwards.Specific practice is Bearing block is connected from two stay fronts, back is two-in-one to be placed in the next hole of a vertical swing rod, and its point of rotation of swing rod is located at Lower end is to hang in the next static frame of the point of rotation close to top, and by extension spring one, and other end system is hung on the point of rotation On the swing rod of position, promote to shift before and after swing rod top by manpower, displacement size is can reach that technological requirement is defined（Set front and rear Put locating stop piece）, its swing rod will not automatically reset in the presence of both extension spring and locating stop piece are common, before manpower passage swing rod Backward shift is to realize being affixed and disengaging for lever front and plate leaf.

In order to mitigate bent axle the position relative friction with connecting rod suit place of its crank, each one from coaxial two in operation Eccentric wheel or eccentric disk substitution double-handle position bent axle, i.e., a certain top of certain side or plate outside wheel disc installs bearing to deviate Center and connecting rod fit, as long as the i.e. each bearing in two is separated by 180 ゜ on contour each other, just can realize double joint lever each other Opposite direction is operated.

In summary, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is：A kind of gearless reductor, the high speed shaft driven by power I.e. even and at least double joint lever promotes slow-speed shaft to continuously run to bent axle in swinging in turn, and the tooth of gear is replaced by some pieces of plate leafs Tooth, and by plate leaf be mounted to can to slide outside Inner it is movable, and each plate leaf Inner sides are provided with spring or extension spring or air bag.Supporting Each bearing block at lever transverse axis two is respectively placed in the long rails of left and right, two stay front ends respectively with two bearings seat phase Even, rear end is connected with swing rod, and swing rod bottom hangs with extension spring.

Its advantage one of the present invention is simple in construction, is manufactured easily, no matter how many fast ratios need only be installed on slow-speed shaft Single drive, plus large speed ratio only must accordingly increase plate leaf just can, other positions need not change；Two be energy and labour saving, drive Be respectively equivalent to a gear wheel and a little gear with lever, no matter speed than it is how many be all primary speed-down, and in operation without Must filling lubricating oil；Three be durable in use：Roller, the bearing wear walked in wheel are replaceable, cheap, and plate leaf and lever Top roller is affixed weares and teares minimum for barrel shift, and lever and bent axle will not be bad；Four be that installation arrangement of clutch can if necessary Possess clutch function, thus replace a clutch；Five be both can be clockwise under conditions of electronic-controlled power steering is not changed or to invert, Also because paperback, vertical dress, angle mount or the various advantages such as upside-down mounting and noise reduction need not can be realized the gear-box of supporting trapped fuel.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig. 1 is its plate vane-type drive of the invention and three levers its structure in place and acting principle schematic；

Fig. 2 is that to install cover plate additional be the plate vane-type drive stereogram placed vertically at two；

Fig. 3 is its shape display figure of two handles position bent axle；

Fig. 4 is the single crank position bent axle display figure that two is eccentric wheel structure；

Fig. 5, Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 are can inside and outside sliding plate leaf drive and lever fit its structure in place and acting principle displaying Figure；

Fig. 8 is that for the plate vane-type drive of taper, its section cuts open existing figure to plate leaf section；

Fig. 9 is substitution its structure of its arrangement of clutch of clutch and acting principle displaying figure.

Embodiment

It is described further with reference to each accompanying drawing.

Reference picture 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, its outer rim contour of plate vane-type drive are located at by some pieces of plate leafs 2 with being spaced substantially equidistant Between two epicranial plates 4, its interior Ф plane has keyway 3 by pin key and slow-speed shaft（Not shown in figure）Fit, each its front end of lever 5 Top is provided with roller 6 and is close to and does work with a wherein plate leaf in turn in operation, and lever tail end is combined into cunning with the adapter sleeve of connecting rod 8 Dynamic to coordinate, the lower end of connecting rod 8 top is linked on the crank of bent axle 9 position 10.Three connecting rod followings are separated by 120 ° on contour, Belt pulley 11 is provided with the right of bent axle to be used for and engine belt pulley（Not shown in figure）It is driven by belt fit, bent axle two Be separately mounted in each bearing and bearing block 12, lever 5 with the point of rotation 7 be boundary under the drive of power before and after two parts that This opposite direction is swung back and forth, and lever 5 is active plate leaf 2 to be connected and slow-speed shaft operating is done work to be passive, and bent axle often rotates a circle, respectively Lever swings up and down once common promotion monolithic plate leaf 2 and surmounted in turn, so as to realize the purpose of deceleration.

Same plate vane-type drive is driven in turn jointly with upper lever by three or three, for respect to two levers, With following two superiority：One be in operation its lever front end top after acting is finished from preceding stop be back to after stop Its 180 ゜ plate leaf walked in will not being advanced in journey is blocked, and thus can save each plate leaf being mounted to inside and outside sliding work Skill, its reason is lever top or the room being between front and rear plate leaf in return, or a lever within which is originated The space at its two after being disengaged before taking patch with plate leaf and with plate leaf, or be in and take patch with the above-mentioned starting with plate leaf（Hai No Take patch）With will disengage（Bing No isolate）Lever same position, plate leaf and acting lever reach, it is same to move after backhaul lever Shi Jinhang, thus backhaul lever front end top also can smoothly surmount in the two positions；Two be that lever front end top is taken with plate leaf The size of patch superposition will reduce 1/3rd from three levers, will reduce 1/2nd from four, that is, take patch position and transmission Wheel centre distance is by closely becoming far laborsaving lever principle and more energy efficient.

Only one crank position 10 in the middle of reference picture 4, bent axle, the outside of the eccentric wheel disc 18 in each one of two is separately installed with axle Hold 19, two bearings and a crank position are separated by 120 ° on contour each other, for three connecting rod fits, bent axle or so is by each One bearing is supported and positioned with bearing block 12, and is provided with belt pulley 11.

Reference picture 5, Fig. 6 and Fig. 7, drive are fixedly mounted on hollow slow-speed shaft 20, and edge week, each plate leaf 2 was movable peace Dress can the inside and outside a small amount of size of sliding, due to having laid air bag 21 or ball at slow-speed shaft center, or lay on the inside of plate leaf bullet Spring 13 hangs up extension spring 14, and on the actionless support up and down of outer rim somewhere correspondence position（Not shown in figure）Installation can Its inner edge of the bearing of rotation is located within plate leaf outer rim top surface, and the plate leaf in operating is extruded and moved back inside when being met with bearing Move, thus make way for return in lever top roller 6 surmount, after surmounting immediately return passage rise reset plate leaf reach and Acting, its principle is plate leaf position thereafter in retrogressing（Inner side）Air bag or ball or spring are compressed, or extension spring is elongated, and is surmounted Rise outward reset immediately due to eliminating extruding force after bearing 35.Two levers 5（Only shown in figure single）Its point of rotation Installed in the left and right of same transverse axis 24, transverse axis is supported by the bearing of two first place one and bearing block 25.

In fig. 8, plate vane-type drive outer rim contour plate leaf 2 is made up of two steel plate two-in-one, outside its section inner width It is narrow tapered, it can be saved due to stronger and be capped plate at two.

Three levers 5, each bearing and bearing at transverse axis two are installed altogether in the left and right on reference picture 9, transverse axis 24 Seat 25 be placed in each strip concave tracks 26 around can before and after slide, by two stays 27 respectively with two bearings seat 25 It is connected, stay rear end two-in-one is passed through from the next cavity 29 of swing rod 28, the two swing rod points of rotation 30, which are lived, is arranged on fixed base In seat 31, there is pull bar 32 to involve between the pedestal 31 of left and right two, there is stay 33 between two swing rods 28, the two of extension spring 34 is to hang over respectively On point of rotation bottom pull bar 32 and upper pull bar 33, there is placement plate before and after swing rod（Not shown in figure）For restricting before swing rod The anglec of rotation, has stay 27 to be connected afterwards between two swing rods are upper, when needing pause slow-speed shaft operating, as long as slightly being pulled with manpower Stay 27 backward, promotes two bearings seat 25 even and after transverse axis 24 and lever 5 to move, and just can make lever front end top and drive plate leaf （Not shown in figure）Disengage, due to have the presence of extension spring 34 its swing rod will not self-return, so as to replace a clutch.

Claims (1)

1. a kind of gearless reductor, even and at least double joint lever promotees the high speed shaft driven by power i.e. bent axle in swinging in turn Slow-speed shaft is continuously run, it is characterized in that：By some pieces of plate leafs（2）Replace the tooth of gear, and plate leaf is mounted to can be outside Inner What is slid is movable, and each plate leaf Inner sides are provided with spring or air bag；Supporting lever transverse axis（24）Each bearing at two Seat（25）It is respectively placed at left and right long rails（26）In, two stays（27）Front end respectively with two bearings seat（25）It is connected, rear end With swing rod（28）It is connected, swing rod bottom hangs with extension spring（34）.