CN104508266B - 排气处理装置功能检查 - Google Patents

排气处理装置功能检查 Download PDF

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CN104508266B
CN104508266B CN201380039913.8A CN201380039913A CN104508266B CN 104508266 B CN104508266 B CN 104508266B CN 201380039913 A CN201380039913 A CN 201380039913A CN 104508266 B CN104508266 B CN 104508266B
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temperature
fluid
temperature difference
exhaust
diesel oxidation
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CN104508266A (zh
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A·埃格尔
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Perkins Engines Co Ltd
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Perkins Engines Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/103—Oxidation catalysts for HC and CO only
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9459—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9495—Controlling the catalytic process
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N11/00—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity
    • F01N11/002—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity the diagnostic devices measuring or estimating temperature or pressure in, or downstream of the exhaust apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F01N13/0097—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
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    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/025—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust
    • F01N3/0253—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust adding fuel to exhaust gases
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    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/105—General auxiliary catalysts, e.g. upstream or downstream of the main catalyst
    • F01N3/106—Auxiliary oxidation catalysts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2006—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
    • F01N3/2033—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using a fuel burner or introducing fuel into exhaust duct
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    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F01N3/208—Control of selective catalytic reduction [SCR], e.g. dosing of reducing agent
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    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/021—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
    • F02D41/0235—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/024—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to increase temperature of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/025—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to increase temperature of the exhaust gas treating apparatus by changing the composition of the exhaust gas, e.g. for exothermic reaction on exhaust gas treating apparatus
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    • F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
    • F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
    • F02D41/1439—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the position of the sensor
    • F02D41/1441—Plural sensors
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    • F02D41/1446—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being exhaust temperatures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
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    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M27/00—Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sound waves, or the like
    • F02M27/02—Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sound waves, or the like by catalysts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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    • F01N2430/00—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics
    • F01N2430/08—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics by modifying ignition or injection timing
    • F01N2430/085—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics by modifying ignition or injection timing at least a part of the injection taking place during expansion or exhaust stroke
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    • F01N2550/00—Monitoring or diagnosing the deterioration of exhaust systems
    • F01N2550/02—Catalytic activity of catalytic converters
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    • F01N2560/06—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being a temperature sensor
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    • F01N2610/03—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being hydrocarbons, e.g. engine fuel
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    • F01N2900/1602—Temperature of exhaust gas apparatus
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    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
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    • F02D41/0025—Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D41/0047—Controlling exhaust gas recirculation [EGR]
    • F02D41/005—Controlling exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] according to engine operating conditions
    • F02D41/0052—Feedback control of engine parameters, e.g. for control of air/fuel ratio or intake air amount
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/40—Engine management systems

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)

Abstract

排放流体处理装置可用于处理由燃烧发动机排出的排放流体。可能期望检查排放流体处理装置的功能。描述了一种监测排放流体处理装置的操作的方法。该方法可包括将计算出的温度差与预期的温度差进行比较，该预期的温度差与燃料的燃烧相关联。如果计算出的温度差处于预期的温度差的可接受的界限内，则可允许进一步的燃料注入。如果计算出的温度差处于预期的温度差的可接受的界限之外，则可增加排放流体处理装置的上游的排气的温度。

Description

排气处理装置功能检查
技术领域
本发明涉及排放流体处理领域，尤其涉及监测具有柴油机氧化催化器的排放流体处理装置的操作。
背景技术
排放流体处理装置可包括多个模块，其中每个模块旨在处理排放流体的一种或多种成分。这些模块可串联设置，使得排放流体依次流过每个模块。
排放流体处理装置可包括柴油机氧化催化器模块、在柴油机氧化催化器下游的柴油机微粒过滤器模块和/或在柴油机微粒过滤器模块下游的选择性催化还原模块。
对排放流体处理装置的各个模块执行定期检查以确保各个模块按预期执行，可以是合适的。如果流体流动路径中较早的模块的意外的表现可对较晚地位于流体流动路径的模块的执行有影响，这可尤为重要。
例如，柴油机氧化催化器中意外的表现可以导致降低柴油机氧化催化器中的碳氢化合物的氧化减少。这可又意味着从柴油机氧化催化器输出的流体具有低于预期的和/或要求的温度。这类意外的表现也可导致未燃烧的燃料排放到大气中。柴油机氧化催化器中意外的表现可因在柴油机氧化催化器的催化表面上聚集的沉积物(例如含硫沉积物)而产生。从柴油机氧化催化器输出的流体的降低的温度可以导致位于柴油机氧化催化器下游的柴油机微粒过滤器的意外的表现，这是因为在较低的温度下，进入柴油机微粒过滤器的碳烟形式的碳不太可能在柴油机微粒过滤器中氧化。较低的温度也可以影响位于柴油机微粒过滤器下游的选择性催化还原模块的表现。
众所周知，将燃料注入到柴油机氧化催化器中以用于在其中燃烧，例如，以增加柴油机氧化催化器中的温度，或者以使柴油机氧化催化器内的特定成分燃烧。例如，可能期望对排放流体处理装置脱硫或者从中除去沉积物。然而，在燃料可通过柴油机氧化催化器而没有燃烧的情况下，可能不期望将燃料注入柴油机氧化催化器中。因此，检查柴油机氧化催化器的性能以便确保注入的燃料按预期燃烧，可以是合适的。
针对该背景技术，提供了一种用于检查柴油机氧化催化器模块的操作的方法。
发明内容
一种监测排放流体处理装置的操作的方法，该装置包括柴油机氧化催化器，该柴油机氧化催化器包括入口和出口，该方法包括：
接收指示入口处的流体的温度的输入温度数据值；
在柴油机氧化催化器的上游注入第一量的燃料，以用于在柴油机氧化催化器中燃烧；
接收指示出口处的流体的温度的输出温度数据值；
计算输入温度数据值与输出温度数据值之间的计算的温度差，并将计算出的温度差与预期的温度差进行比较，预期的温度差与注入的所述量的燃料相关联；以及：
如果计算出的温度差处于预期的温度差的可接受的界限内，则将第二量的燃料注入排放流体中，以用于在柴油机氧化催化器中燃烧；以及
如果计算出的温度差处于预期的温度差的可接受的界限之外，则升高柴油机氧化催化器的入口的上游的排气的温度。
现在将参照附图，仅通过示例的方式来描述本发明的具体实施例，其中：
附图说明
图1示出本方法可应用于其的排放流体处理装置的实施例的示意图；
图2示出本方法可应用于其的排放流体处理装置的实施例的更详细的示意图；
图3示出图2的实施例的外观的示意图；和
图4示出说明本发明的方法的实施例的流程图。
具体实施方式
在描述本发明的方法的实施例的细节之前，下面是对本发明的方法可以应用于其的排放流体处理装置的特征和宽的操作的说明。
首先参照图1到图3，示出了排放流体处理装置1的实施例。装置1可包括流体流动路径，通过该流体流动路径，流体可以依次流过各个管道，例如第一管道10、第一端联接件15、第二管道20、第二端联接件25和第三管道30。第一管道10、第二管道20和第三管道30可大致相互平行。
流体流动路径可包括：串联的柴油机氧化催化器(DOC)模块110、柴油机微粒过滤器(DPF)模块120、混合器模块130、选择性催化还原(SCR)模块140和/或氨氧化催化器(AMOX)模块150。
在使用时，可以经由入口4将流体提供给排放流体处理装置1。流体可以进入第一管道10的第一部分中的DOC模块110。在入口4处接收之前，可以通过回压阀(未示出)控制排放流体的压力。
DOC模块110可以包括一种或多种催化剂(例如钯或铂)。这些材料用作催化剂，以使存在于流体流动中的碳氢化合物([HC])和一氧化碳(CO)氧化，以便产生二氧化碳(CO2)和水(H2O)。DOC也可用于将NO转化为，以便实现1:1的NO:NO2比。催化剂可以按照使催化剂材料的表面面积最大化的方式分布，以提高催化剂在催化反应中的有效性。
流体可以从DOC模块110流到DPF模块120，DPF模块120包括旨在限制碳烟形式的碳(C)向前通过的特征。由此可在DPF中捕获流体中的碳微粒。通过已知的再生技术可再生DPF模块120。这些技术可包括控制以下各项中的一个或多个：在装置中这一点处的流体的温度、流体的压力和流体中未燃烧的燃料的比例。
排放流体可以从DPF模块120进入第一端联接件15中，其中排放流体流经喷射器模块16。喷射器模块16可以与泵电子罐单元(PETU)相关联或者可连接到泵电子罐单元。泵电子罐单元可包括用于为由喷射器要注入的排放流体提供贮液器的罐。这种排放流体可包括尿素或氨。
PETU还可包括控制器，该控制器被构造为控制要由喷射器从罐注入的排放流体的体积。控制器可使例如可从SCR模块140中的传感器得到的温度信息和NOx量的信息作为输入。
排放流体可从喷射器模块16进入位于第二管道20中的混合器模块(未示出)。混合器模块可包括用于确保将源自第一管道10的排放流体与源自喷射器16的排放流体很好地混合以产生混合流体的特征。
混合流体可从第二管道20经过，并可以经由第二端联接件25进入位于第三管道的第一部分中的SCR模块。SCR模块140可包括混合流体可流过的一种或多种催化剂。随着混合流体经过催化剂的表面，可发生将氨和NOx转化为双原子氮(N2)和水(H2O)的反应。
流体可从SCR模块140传到位于第三管道30的第二部分中的AMOX模块150。AMOX模块150可包括氧化催化剂，其可使在离开SCR模块的流体中存在的残余氨反应以产生氮(N2)和水(H2O)。
流体可从AMOX模块150传到位于第三管道30的第二端32处的排放流体处理装置出口。
如图2所示，排放流体处理装置1可包括传感器，传感器用于检测流体在流体流过排放流体处理装置1时的特定阶段的特性。可在DOC 110的上游存在第一温度传感器(未示出)，在DOC模块110与DPF 120之间存在第二温度传感器190和/或在混合器模块130与SCR140之间存在第三温度传感器191。可在DPF模块120与喷射器16之间存在第一NOx传感器192，并且可在AMOX模块150的下游存在第二NOx传感器193。还可紧接DPF 120的上游存在第一碳烟传感器194，并且可能紧接DPF 120的下游存在第二碳烟传感器195。
已经描述了排放流体处理装置的特征和宽的操作，现在将描述本发明的方法。
参照图4，该图示出了示出本发明的方法的实施例的流程图300。
在使用时，将来自发动机的排放流体接收到排放流体处理装置1的入口4内，以用于向前传送至DOC模块110。排放流体具有在其被接收到DOC模块110内的点处的温度。该方法可包括接收与流入DOC模块110的流体的温度相关的第一数据值310。在气体被接收到DOC模块110内的点处的气体温度因温度传感器的位置而不是可直接测量的。也就是说，紧接在DOC模块110的入口之前可能没有温度传感器。该方法由此可包括接收在DOC模块110上游的点处的温度信息，以及可能通过预测模型或类似物来考虑(account for)上游点与DOC模块110的入口之间的可能的温度变化。无论是否是直接测量的，第一数据值310指示流入DOC模块110的气体的温度。
该方法可包括在DOC模块110的上游注入第一量的未燃烧的燃料以用于在DOC模块110中氧化。可以在DOC模块110上游的任何点处注入该燃料，例如，注入到发动机的燃烧气缸中(在燃烧循环中其不太可能在气缸中燃烧的时刻)，排放流体处理装置可附接到发动机。或者，可将其直接注入到DOC模块110上游的管道中。
该方法还可包括接收与从DOC模块110流出的流体的温度相关的第二数据值320。这可使用位于紧接DOC下游的温度传感器190来测量。
该方法可包括检查数据库以确定与注入的第一量的燃料在DOC模块110中的氧化相关联的预期的温度上升。可将预期的温度上升与第二数据值320与第一数据值310之间的差进行比较。
因为温度可因其它因素而改变(即，变化的速度和发动机上的负荷，其中排放流体处理装置与发动机一起处于使用中)，所以除了从第一量的燃料在DOC模块110中的燃烧所预期的温度差之外，预期的温度上升可将这样的其它因素的影响考虑在内。这可通过以下方式来实现：将被认为由第一量的燃料在DOC模块110中的燃烧引起的预期的温度差叠加在被认为由其它因素引起的预期的温度差之上，以便达到净预期温度差。或者，其可以通过以下方式来实现：有效地设法从总的预期温度差中减去被认为由其它因素引起的温度差，以便分离出被认为由第一量的燃料在DOC模块110中的燃烧引起的温度差。或者，数据库可包括多个不同的数据集，其中每个数据集将可能影响DOC模块110中的气体的温度的不同的条件考虑在内，以便针对各种各样的不同条件提供预期的温度差。
该方法可包括确定温度差是否处于预期的温度差的预期界限内。例如，预期的温度差的预期界限可在预期的温度差的30％内。或者，例如，预期的温度差的预期界限可在预期的温度差的20％内。
由DOC中的流体氧化造成的(或由变化的输入条件造成的)温度的任何变化可在延迟之后发生。此外，可预期所预期的温度上升发生的速度可根据各种不同的参数而改变。这样，在接收指示入口处的排放流体的温度的输入温度数据值的步骤与接收指示出口处的排放流体的温度的输出温度数据值的步骤之间可存在延迟。任何延迟的持续时间可取决于一系列的操作参数。
可以的是接收到连续源源不断的输入温度数据值，每个输入温度数据值指示入口处的流体的温度。还可以的是接收到连续源源不断的输出温度数据值的连续流，每个输出温度数据值指示出口处的流体的温度。还可以的是该方法包括将在第一时间接收的输入温度数据值与在第二时间接收的输出温度数据值进行比较，其中，第二时间是在第一时间之后，以便在预期的一段时间内允许温度变化。
在第一数据值与第二数据值之间的差处于预期的温度上升的预期界限内的情况下，该方法可假设DOC在要求的界限内进行操作。因此，该方法可包括注入第二量的燃料以用于在DOC模块110中燃烧，这是因为检查假设第二量的燃料将在DOC模块110中燃烧，由此降低了燃料将从DOC模块110传递出而未燃烧的风险。
在第一数据值与第二数据值之间的差处于预期的温度上升的预期界限之外的情况下，该方法可包括增加进入DOC模块110气体的温度。例如，这可能通过以下方式来实现：将回压阀朝关闭位置更多地移动，由此需要发动机做更多的功，从而产生更多的热量。回压阀可位于柴油机氧化催化器的上游。通过该方法，DOC中的流体的温度可增加。或者，如果发动机包括排气再循环，则其可以通过改变再循环的排放流体的比例来实现。存在用于增加进入DOC模块110的气体的温度的多种选择，并且本发明的方法不限于任何特定的选择。然而，所述多种选择和它们可能的应用程度可受到变化对用户而言不明显的愿望的限制。
增加进入DOC模块110的气体的温度的步骤可包括设法增加DOC中的温度，从例如大约240℃增加到例如大约270℃。
可以预期DOC模块110性能随着使用年限(即，使用数百或数千小时)而恶化。在这种情况下，如果所计算出的温度差处于预期的温度差的可接受的界限之外，则可能是合适的是，与DOC模块110新的(或新近翻新的或再生的)情况相比，将温度增加更大的量。因此，该方法可允许随着DOC模块110增加的使用年限来增加温度上升。例如，该方法可包括设法将DOC中的温度增加到至少大约240℃，并可能高达大约290℃。
作为DOC模块110随着使用年限而可能恶化的额外的或可替代的方法，可以的是根据本方法，随着DOC模块110的使用年限，调整预期的温度变化的预期界限。
在发动机和排放流体处理装置处于正常使用中时，可以定期地执行本发明的方法。因此，可以存在对可以改变以增加温度的参数的限制，以便防止参数的变化对该装置的用户是明显的。
如上所述，可存在可能期望将旨在经过发动机气缸而未燃烧的燃料注入气缸中的各种原因和情况。一个另外的示例可以是期望实现位于DOC下游的SCR模块的脱硫，作为SCR脱硫过程的一部分。这种脱硫过程可要求SCR中增加的温度，以便硫燃烧。SCR中增大的温度可通过以下方式来实现：将未燃烧的燃料注入DOC(在SCR的上游)中，以用于在DOC中燃烧，从而增加到达SCR的流体的温度。这种过程可间歇地发生，并且可只有当对这种过程的需求已经被识别为整个发动机控制的一部分时才发生。本发明的方法可用作该过程的一部分。
术语排气和排放流体可互换地使用。排气/排放流体可以包括固体微粒，例如碳烟微粒，其在处于固相时可被理解为排气/排放流体的成分。
尽管在本发明中使用了术语数据库，但数据可存储在用于存储诸如对照表之类的数据的任何合适的设备中。

Claims (15)

1.一种监测排放流体处理装置的操作的方法，所述装置包括柴油机氧化催化器，所述柴油机氧化催化器包括入口和出口，所述方法包括：
接收表示所述入口处的流体的温度的输入温度数据值；
在所述柴油机氧化催化器的上游注入第一量的燃料用于在所述柴油机氧化催化器中燃烧；
接收表示所述出口处的流体的温度的输出温度数据值；
计算所述输入温度数据值与所述输出温度数据值之间的计算的温度差，并将所述计算的温度差与预期的温度差进行比较，所述预期的温度差与注入的所述第一量的燃料相关联；以及
如果所述计算的温度差处于所述预期的温度差的可接受的裕度内，则将第二量的燃料注入所述排放流体中用于在所述柴油机氧化催化器中燃烧；以及
如果所述计算的温度差处于所述预期的温度差的可接受的裕度之外，则升高在所述柴油机氧化催化器的所述入口的上游的排气的温度，其中，所述升高在所述柴油机氧化催化器的所述入口的上游的排气的温度的步骤包括：限制排气通过定位在所述柴油机氧化催化器入口的上游的阀的通道。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述升高在所述柴油机氧化催化器的所述入口的上游的排气的温度的步骤包括：将所述入口处的流体的所述温度增加到超过240℃。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其中，所述升高在所述柴油机氧化催化器的所述入口的上游的排气的温度的步骤包括：将所述入口处的流体的所述温度增加到超过270℃。
4.根据任一前述权利要求所述的方法，其中，表示所述入口处的流体的温度的所述输入温度数据值是通过以下方式获得的：接收所述入口的上游的温度指示，并使用补偿因子补偿在所述温度指示与所述柴油机氧化催化器的所述入口处的实际温度之间的可能的温度变化。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，修改所述预期的温度差以将由除了所述柴油机氧化催化器中所述第一量的燃料的燃烧之外的原因引起的预期的温度变化考虑在内。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，在改变外部条件的情况下，延迟所述将第二量的燃料注入所述排放流体中用于在所述柴油机氧化催化器中燃烧的步骤。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，在所述接收表示所述入口处的流体的温度的输入温度数据值的步骤与所述接收表示所述出口处的流体的温度的输出温度数据值的步骤之间存在时间延迟。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其中，所述时间延迟取决于所述第一量的燃料在所述柴油机氧化催化器中燃烧所消耗的预期时间。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，将所述计算的温度差与预期的温度差进行比较的步骤包括：从数据库获得所述预期的温度差，所述数据库具有与每种可能的第一量的燃料相关联的预期的温度差。
10.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，表示所述入口处的流体的温度的所述输入温度数据值是通过以下方式获得的：
测量在所述入口的上游的流体的温度；以及
将函数应用于所述入口的上游的流体的测量的温度值，
其中，所述函数取决于操作参数和条件，以便补偿在所述入口的上游的流体的测量的温度与所述入口处的所述流体的实际温度之间的预期的温度变化。
11.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，将待注入所述入口的上游的所述排放流体中用于在所述柴油机氧化催化器中燃烧的所述第一量的燃料：
(a)注入发动机的一个或多个缸中，在使用中所述排放流体处理装置附接到所述发动机；或者
(b)通过定位在发动机的下游的入口注入，在使用中所述排放流体处理装置附接到所述发动机。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法，其中，将所述燃料注入缸中发生在所述缸的排气阀打开时。
13.一种排放流体处理装置，其包括柴油机氧化催化器和控制器，所述柴油机氧化催化器包括入口和出口，所述控制器能够：
接收表示所述入口处的流体的温度的输入温度数据值；
开始将第一量的燃料注入所述排放流体中用于在所述柴油机氧化催化器中燃烧；
接收表示所述出口处的流体的温度的输出温度数据值；
计算所述输入温度数据值与所述输出温度数据值之间的计算的温度差，并将所述计算的温度差与预期的温度差进行比较，所述预期的温度差与注入的所述第一量的燃料相关联；以及
如果所述计算的温度差处于所述预期的温度差的可接受的裕度内，则将第二量的燃料注入所述排放流体中用于在所述柴油机氧化催化器中燃烧；以及
如果所述计算的温度差处于所述预期的温度差的所述可接受的裕度之外，则升高在所述柴油机氧化催化器的所述入口的上游的排气的温度，其中，所述升高在所述柴油机氧化催化器的所述入口的上游的排气的温度的步骤包括：限制排气通过定位在所述柴油机氧化催化器入口的上游的阀的通道。
14.根据权利要求13所述的排放流体处理装置，其中，所述控制器是发动机控制单元的部分，所述发动机控制单元控制发动机性能的其它方面。
15.一种发动机，其包括根据权利要求13或权利要求14所述的排放流体处理装置。
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