CN104507805A - 隔音及隔热的厨房壳体 - Google Patents

隔音及隔热的厨房壳体 Download PDF

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CN104507805A
CN104507805A CN201380015925.7A CN201380015925A CN104507805A CN 104507805 A CN104507805 A CN 104507805A CN 201380015925 A CN201380015925 A CN 201380015925A CN 104507805 A CN104507805 A CN 104507805A
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P·J·L·布尔德
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Be Space Flight Co
BE Aerospace Inc
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    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
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    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/10—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular acoustical properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Abstract

本发明是一种用于飞行器厨房立体空间的轻量型、易安装且可拆卸的保护板(300)，其包含用于热损失控制的热屏障(330)。热屏障(330)包围厨房冷却器的冷冻隔间和外部环境之间的高百分比冷桥，允许飞行器厨房冷却器有效并经济地满足其目标温度。保护板(300)是多重可配置的并且能够被定制以满足具体飞行器的需求。

Description

隔音及隔热的厨房壳体
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2012年3月23日提交的美国临时申请No.61/614，755以及2013年2月22日提交的美国非临时申请No.13/773，908的优先权，其全部内容通过引用纳入本文。
背景技术
同时服务数百个乘客的大型商用飞行器通常配备有服务站、或厨房，其用于容纳所有设备和食物以用于乘客和机组工作人员的食物和饮料服务。厨房通常是内建结构，其是飞行器的部分，其被设计以满足具体飞行器的需求同时连带对所有飞行器而言至关重要的重量恒定和空间效率的目标和限制。每一个厨房通常会具有加热食物的烤箱、制作咖啡和浓咖啡的饮料制作机、废物处理区域和储存食物和易变质食物直至其准备使用的冷冻机或冷却器。这些冷冻机或冷却器通常建立在厨房内，并且必须能够在一定温度下存储牛奶、水果、冷冻食物以及其他易变质类型的食物，这允许食物在飞行数小时之后安全使用。
为了在航空公司的飞行餐饮服务期间，满足健康和安全需求以保存易变质食物以供乘客消费，存储结构(如厨房)必须具有一定的隔热水平，这样能够抵抗导热损失到一定水平，这将通过使用为厨房提供的厨房冷冻系统以允许厨房满足或超出制造商或适航性在具体时间段上对食物原料的安全储存的需求。食物存储结构的最小热阻水平通常被指定为整个立体空间(monument)的平均值，这考虑了通过冷冻隔间和较暖外部环境温度之间的冷桥(cold bridge)造成的损失。
这些冷桥通常采用含金物品(如地板配件、边缘构件、封闭插入件、线轴、嵌入的鼠洞块、滑台、门铰链、门闩和检修口)和较差隔热的非金属区域(如凹进板、挖空部和电缆通道)的形式。这些类型的联接件和结构中的每一个都将热传导至厨房，而这些必须由制冷单元移除。这些结构两端允许的热量取决于被称为热阻的性质。冷冻存储结构(诸如冷冻机或冷却器)的平均热阻性等于形成壳体的非金属板使得较少的任何损失通过冷桥和较差隔热区域的能力。
13mm(1/2”)芯预浸渍结构板制成的厨房板不足以将飞行器厨房冷冻隔间维持在或低于易变质食物所需的安全温度。因此，为了改善立体空间的热能力以允许易变质食物安全存储，板的厚度必须增加或补充隔热件必须添加到结构。
除了热损失，减小侵入到飞行器机舱中的噪音(该噪音通常由航空公司飞行时的餐饮服务的常规操作产生)是飞行器制造商的首要目的。许多这样的噪音能够由厨房插入件设备(GAIN)(诸如烤箱、冰箱、饮料制作机等)产生，以及机舱工作人员准备食物所引入的固有噪音。即，食物的准备包括从它们的隔间移出标准餐物盒、填满烤箱用的餐物盛装件、打开并关闭隔间门、从它们的隔间移动餐车等。飞行器制造商通过提供各种声音衰减机制(例如使用声音吸收材料)来要求降低乘客机舱中的总噪音。通过将这种材料纳入到厨房表面中，机舱内部因准备和清理饮料和食物服务引起的声音的水平能够显著降低。
发明内容
本发明是一种用于飞行器厨房立体空间的轻量型、易安装且可拆卸的保护板，其包含用于热损失控制的热屏障。热屏障包围厨房冷却器的冷冻隔间和外部环境之间的高百分比冷桥，从而允许飞行器厨房冷却器有效并经济地满足其目标温度。保护板多重可配置并且能够被定制以满足具体飞行器的需求。此外，热屏障为最需要隔热的地方提供隔热，并通过去除不重要的区域来节省重量。该板是多功能的，足以在没有隔热的情况下与非冷冻立体空间连用。由于该板的结构和材料，最小厚度下的异常高隔热值是可能的，使得对总厨房占地面积(foot print)造成非常小的增加。在一个优选实施例中，厨房也能够包括声音抑制层以获得非常安静的厨房以及热高效的厨房。这种概念能够被推广以使用中线厨房板作为机舱声音吸收器，从而降低整体飞行器机舱噪音水平。已经示出即使被用于机舱声音吸收，该壳体表面仍然易清洁。
附图说明
图1是包含本发明的厨房的外部的透视图；
图2是饮料站的一个优选实施例的主视图；
图3是食物准备站的第一实施例的主视图；
图4是图1-3的厨房的外部热壳体的一部分的横截面图；以及
图5是具有声音抑制功能的图1-3的厨房的外部热壳体的一部分的横截面图。
具体实施方式
图1示出包括独立饮料站100和独立食物准备站200的模块化集成型厨房的外部视图。饮料站100提供咖啡、浓咖啡和能够供应给乘客的各种饮料，而食物准备站200包括烤箱、冰箱和餐饮服务的储存、准备和清理所必需的设备。每个站100、200的外部上是显示屏110、210，例如LED屏，其能够用于向乘客提供指示、显示能够为航空公司产生收入的广告或提供关于厨房提供的便利设施的信息。每个站的外部也优选配备有品牌推广预留位215，其能够用于为航空公司宣传或提供航空公司能够租赁的广告空间。品牌推广预留位215较大，且乘客能够一览无余，用于最大曝光和可见性。饮料站100和食物准备站200都形成有外部壳体300，其用于将厨房与环境进行隔热，并且最佳地隔音。
图2示出厨房的一种示范性独立饮料站100，其包括热壳体300包住的轻量型结构13。饮料站100适于在商业飞行器中用作饮料分发中心。模块化饮料中心100由用于服务乘客的若干集成设备表征，所述设备包括用于向乘客提供软饮品自助服务的侧制冷单元、两个半烤箱12、两台咖啡制作机14、两台浓咖啡制作机16以及两台热水饮水机18。结构13包括容纳用以帮助服务乘客的饮料车的六个饮料车储存隔间20、水槽30和水龙头29、顶部装载垃圾槽、工作照明设备与触摸屏用户界面。所有元件以成本和空间高效的方式设置，该方式允许功能性而不牺牲性能。
图3示出一种食物准备站200，其连同饮料站100一起运作以实现全面服务的厨房。食物准备站200包括用作乘客自助服务冷却器的侧制冷单元、双冰箱50、双烤箱60、半烤箱65、六个饮料车储存隔间20以及可扩展工作台。同饮料站一样，食物准备站也被热壳体300包住，该壳体将厨房的东西隔热并将存储在其中的易变质食物保持在合适温度。
图4示出包围图1-3的飞行器立体空间100、200的外部表面的外部壳体300。壳体300包括背面以及两个侧壁(例如中线厨房)，这样在飞行器使用时允许壳体300容易地附接和/或拆卸。壳体300包括外层310，其用作抗冲击蒙皮(具有约1.5毫米深度)。蒙皮310由硬材料(诸如碳增强复合预浸渍玻璃纤维、Kevlar)或其他热塑性塑料制成，并且被设计以分段装配到立体空间。蒙皮310执行两种功能：用于真空隔离板(VIP)的保护层和作为用于航空公司的装潢或装修选择的载体。蒙皮310可以使用高温接触黏合剂以常规方式粘结。蒙皮310下方是碳纤维复合材料320层，其粘结至立体空间。碳纤维复合材料能够具有约10毫米(10mm)的厚度。
壳体300的抗冲击外部蒙皮310和碳纤维复合板320之间的夹层是隔热层330，例如可从新墨西哥的阿尔布开克(Albuquerque)的Nanopore公司购买的NanoporeTM。隔热层300可以是以3mm厚度的真空隔离板(VIP)瓦片的形式，其可替代地被附接至立体空间结构13或附接至外部蒙皮310的内壁。使用上述瓦片的一个益处在于隔热瓦片能够被选择性地定位并设置在需要改进厨房的隔热性能的地方。对于不需要隔热的非冷冻区域，壳体300可以代替轻量型填充板或芯或间隔件以与结构外部表面保持合适距离。以此方式，成本和重量都被最小化同时热效率最大化。
为了将壳体300的蒙皮310联结至碳纤维复合板320，一系列的定位销340插入通过蒙皮并到达板里，将多层压缩到刚性板中。能够在销340上使用美观的定位销盖350以使厨房呈现较干净、较光滑的外观。
图5示出壳体360的第二个实施例，其不仅包括图4的结构，而且包括由20-25mm的吸音/声泡沫370(如开孔吸音泡沫，open cellacoustic foam)组成的附加层。泡沫370与3mm的VIP隔热层330共同起到隔热以及吸收厨房的工作面处产生的混响声音的双重目的。泡沫370可以替代地附接至VIP板330的外部表面或者附接至外部蒙皮310的内侧表面。由于泡沫370的固有隔热属性，厨房将在热学上达到更好地阻止热损失的技术效果，并且泡沫和热板组合件增强了立体空间的外部抗冲击能力以及它的冲击声音吸收质量。
可拆卸外部蒙皮310用作保护屏障，该屏障提供以其他方式对易受影响的热层330的损坏保护，并且充当外部装潢装修的载体。VIP热屏障330进一步用作包围所有来自除立体空间的工作面(例如，中线厨房)之外的冷冻隔间的潜在冷桥。横向制冷厨房能够通过使用VIP板而不需要保护蒙皮310的情况下在反转表面上隔离。本系统的优点在于损坏的蒙皮310和/或VIP板能够在使用中替换而不干扰立体空间的飞行器附接点。
热板330(和声音吸收泡沫370)的选择性放置允许在其中被认为是重要或有效的位置处进行增强隔离，而留下其他未处理的区域，从而节省重量。本发明在图4的示例中仅给厨房的占地面积增加了4.5毫米的最小增量Δ1，而在图5的示例中仅增加了24.5毫米的最小增量Δ1，并且提供较好的热损失抵抗和声音衰减。
通过针对蒙皮310使用稀松组织的预浸渍碳增强板380，以及极小的穿孔装潢薄片，外部壳体360吸收大部分外部噪音，降低了乘客机舱中的总体声音水平。本发明适于新的或现有的飞机类型或变体的所有类型的窄体或宽体商用飞行器立体空间。

Claims (11)

1.一种用于飞行器立体空间的保护板，其包括：
抗冲击外部蒙皮；
碳纤维复合板；和
选择性地设置以与冷桥邻近的隔热板。
2.根据权利要求1所述的保护板，其中所述隔热板夹在所述抗冲击外部蒙皮和所述碳纤维复合板之间。
3.根据权利要求1所述的保护板，其进一步包括间隔器，其代替其中不存在冷桥的区域中的所述隔热板。
4.根据权利要求1所述的保护板，其中所述隔热板的厚度大约是所述抗冲击外部蒙皮的两倍。
5.根据权利要求1所述的保护板，其进一步包括所述板内的开孔型吸音泡沫。
6.根据权利要求1所述的保护板，其中所述开孔型吸音泡沫具有的厚度至少是所述碳纤维复合板的厚度的两倍。
7.根据权利要求1所述的保护板，其中所述抗冲击外部蒙皮和所述隔热板包括小于所述保护板的总厚度的一半的厚度。
8.根据权利要求1所述的保护板，其中所述抗冲击外部蒙皮由玻璃纤维形成。
9.根据权利要求1所述的保护板，其中所述抗冲击外部蒙皮由热塑性塑料形成。
10.根据权利要求1所述的保护板，其中所述隔热板包括真空隔离板瓦片。
11.根据权利要求1所述的保护板，其中所述抗冲击外部蒙皮包括稀松组织的预浸渍碳增强板的一部分，用于在其上承载设计件。
CN201380015925.7A 2012-03-23 2013-03-18 隔音及隔热的厨房壳体 Pending CN104507805A (zh)

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US13/773,908 US9868530B2 (en) 2012-03-23 2013-02-22 Acoustically and thermally insulated galley shell
PCT/US2013/032827 WO2013142423A1 (en) 2012-03-23 2013-03-18 Acoustically and thermally insulated galley system

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