CN104507662B - 混合构件和制造方法 - Google Patents

混合构件和制造方法 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN104507662B
CN104507662B CN201480001993.2A CN201480001993A CN104507662B CN 104507662 B CN104507662 B CN 104507662B CN 201480001993 A CN201480001993 A CN 201480001993A CN 104507662 B CN104507662 B CN 104507662B
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
hybrid component
section
fiber composite
plastic foam
matrix
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
CN201480001993.2A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
CN104507662A (zh
Inventor
R·赫夫勒
R·格尔纳
D·普芬德尔
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Diehl Aviation Laupheim GmbH
Original Assignee
Diehl Aircabin GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Diehl Aircabin GmbH filed Critical Diehl Aircabin GmbH
Publication of CN104507662A publication Critical patent/CN104507662A/zh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN104507662B publication Critical patent/CN104507662B/zh
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B1/00—Layered products having a non-planar shape
    • B32B1/08—Tubular products
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/002—Joining methods not otherwise provided for
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/50—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like
    • B29C65/5007—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like characterised by the structure of said adhesive tape, threads or the like
    • B29C65/5014—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like characterised by the structure of said adhesive tape, threads or the like being fibre-reinforced
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/50—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like
    • B29C65/5007—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like characterised by the structure of said adhesive tape, threads or the like
    • B29C65/5021—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like characterised by the structure of said adhesive tape, threads or the like being multi-layered
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/50—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like
    • B29C65/5057—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like positioned between the surfaces to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/50—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like
    • B29C65/5064—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like of particular form, e.g. being C-shaped, T-shaped
    • B29C65/5078—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like of particular form, e.g. being C-shaped, T-shaped and being composed by several elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/50—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like
    • B29C65/5064—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like of particular form, e.g. being C-shaped, T-shaped
    • B29C65/5085—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like of particular form, e.g. being C-shaped, T-shaped and comprising grooves, e.g. being E-shaped, H-shaped
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/114—Single butt joints
    • B29C66/1142—Single butt to butt joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B29C66/432—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles for making tubular articles or closed loops, e.g. by joining several sheets ; for making hollow articles or hollow preforms
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B29C66/432—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles for making tubular articles or closed loops, e.g. by joining several sheets ; for making hollow articles or hollow preforms
    • B29C66/4322—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles for making tubular articles or closed loops, e.g. by joining several sheets ; for making hollow articles or hollow preforms by joining a single sheet to itself
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/49—Internally supporting the, e.g. tubular, article during joining
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/723—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • B29C66/7234—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a barrier layer
    • B29C66/72341—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a barrier layer for gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/727—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being porous, e.g. foam
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
    • B29C70/42—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C70/44—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using isostatic pressure, e.g. pressure difference-moulding, vacuum bag-moulding, autoclave-moulding or expanding rubber-moulding
    • B29C70/446—Moulding structures having an axis of symmetry or at least one channel, e.g. tubular structures, frames
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/68—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts by incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or layers, e.g. foam blocks
    • B29C70/86—Incorporated in coherent impregnated reinforcing layers, e.g. by winding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/245—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it being a foam layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00507—Details, e.g. mounting arrangements, desaeration devices
    • B60H1/00557—Details of ducts or cables
    • B60H1/00564—Details of ducts or cables of air ducts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C1/00—Fuselages; Constructional features common to fuselages, wings, stabilising surfaces or the like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D13/00—Arrangements or adaptations of air-treatment apparatus for aircraft crew or passengers, or freight space, or structural parts of the aircraft
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L9/00—Rigid pipes
    • F16L9/21—Rigid pipes made of sound-absorbing materials or with sound-absorbing structure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L9/00—Rigid pipes
    • F16L9/22—Pipes composed of a plurality of segments
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C53/00—Shaping by bending, folding, twisting, straightening or flattening; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C53/36—Bending and joining, e.g. for making hollow articles
    • B29C53/38—Bending and joining, e.g. for making hollow articles by bending sheets or strips at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the article being formed and joining the edges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/53—Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/532—Joining single elements to the wall of tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/5326—Joining single elements to the wall of tubular articles, hollow articles or bars said single elements being substantially flat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/53—Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/534—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars
    • B29C66/5346—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars said single elements being substantially flat
    • B29C66/53461—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars said single elements being substantially flat joining substantially flat covers and/or substantially flat bottoms to open ends of container bodies
    • B29C66/53462—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars said single elements being substantially flat joining substantially flat covers and/or substantially flat bottoms to open ends of container bodies joining substantially flat covers and substantially flat bottoms to open ends of container bodies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B29C66/7212—Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the composition of the fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B29C66/7214—Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the length of the fibres
    • B29C66/72141—Fibres of continuous length
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B29C66/7214—Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the length of the fibres
    • B29C66/72143—Fibres of discontinuous lengths
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7394—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoset
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2027/00—Use of polyvinylhalogenides or derivatives thereof as moulding material
    • B29K2027/12—Use of polyvinylhalogenides or derivatives thereof as moulding material containing fluorine
    • B29K2027/16—PVDF, i.e. polyvinylidene fluoride
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2081/00—Use of polymers having sulfur, with or without nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only, in the main chain, as moulding material
    • B29K2081/06—PSU, i.e. polysulfones; PES, i.e. polyethersulfones or derivatives thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/04—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped cellular or porous
    • B29K2105/046—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped cellular or porous with closed cells
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2715/00—Condition, form or state of preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29K2715/003—Cellular or porous
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2009/00—Layered products
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/30—Vehicles, e.g. ships or aircraft, or body parts thereof
    • B29L2031/3005—Body finishings
    • B29L2031/3041—Trim panels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/30—Vehicles, e.g. ships or aircraft, or body parts thereof
    • B29L2031/3076—Aircrafts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2266/00—Composition of foam
    • B32B2266/08—Closed cell foam
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2605/00—Vehicles
    • B32B2605/18—Aircraft
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C1/00—Fuselages; Constructional features common to fuselages, wings, stabilising surfaces or the like
    • B64C2001/0054—Fuselage structures substantially made from particular materials
    • B64C2001/0072—Fuselage structures substantially made from particular materials from composite materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D13/00—Arrangements or adaptations of air-treatment apparatus for aircraft crew or passengers, or freight space, or structural parts of the aircraft
    • B64D2013/003—Cabin ventilation nozzles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
    • Y02T50/40—Weight reduction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
    • Y02T50/50—On board measures aiming to increase energy efficiency
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T156/00—Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
    • Y10T156/10—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
    • Y10T428/131—Glass, ceramic, or sintered, fused, fired, or calcined metal oxide or metal carbide containing [e.g., porcelain, brick, cement, etc.]
    • Y10T428/1314—Contains fabric, fiber particle, or filament made of glass, ceramic, or sintered, fused, fired, or calcined metal oxide, or metal carbide or other inorganic compound [e.g., fiber glass, mineral fiber, sand, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
    • Y10T428/1352—Polymer or resin containing [i.e., natural or synthetic]
    • Y10T428/1372—Randomly noninterengaged or randomly contacting fibers, filaments, particles, or flakes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
    • Y10T428/1352—Polymer or resin containing [i.e., natural or synthetic]
    • Y10T428/1376—Foam or porous material containing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/19—Sheets or webs edge spliced or joined
    • Y10T428/192—Sheets or webs coplanar
    • Y10T428/197—Sheets or webs coplanar with noncoplanar reinforcement

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
  • Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)

Abstract

本申请涉及一种混合构件和一种对此的制造方法。提出的混合构件包括基体(2)，所述基体具有至少一个构成为由塑料泡沫和纤维复合塑料制成的层压层(3)的区段。

Description

混合构件和制造方法
技术领域
本申请尤其是涉及一种混合构件和对应的制造方法。
背景技术
尤其是在航空领域中以及也在人员和货物运输的其他区域中，并且为构造相应的运输工具而使用的构件的重量是决定性的或不可忽略的大小。正是关于改善能效，一直力求尽可能的改善、即减少构件重量。
在航空领域中尤其使用部分地包括蜂窝芯的纤维加强的塑料作为用于机舱覆层元件、空调管等的轻质构件。虽然这些构件已经相对重量轻，然而进一步的重量减少是值得期望的。
发明内容
由此出发，本发明的任务是，消除按照现有技术的所述缺点。尤其是应该给出用于运输工具的相比于已知的轻质构件重量减少的而机械方面足够稳定的构件。
该任务通过本发明解决。按照本发明设置一种用于运输工具、尤其是飞机的混合构件，其包括基体，所述基体具有至少一个构成为由塑料泡沫或塑料泡沫材料和纤维复合塑料或纤维塑料复合体制成的层压层的区段，并且其中，基体包括至少一个由塑料泡沫形成的并且无层压构造的表面区段。
无层压应该尤其是理解为，表面区段没有层压层地构成。这应该尤其是表示，塑料泡沫材料的表面区段没有与纤维复合塑料的连接，尤其是露出。表面区段优选是外部的表面区段，即尤其是不是混合构件的内部的型腔或内部的封闭的容积的区段。优选地，无层压的表面区段直接邻接到构成为层压层的区段上。因此尤其是产生相对重量轻的混合构件。
提出的混合构件在这里可以具有基本上由塑料泡沫形成的基体，所述基体局部地、尤其是在一个或多个预定的区段中与纤维复合塑料连接、尤其是粘接，然而所述区段一起没有构成基体。在这里应该提到，在这里提出的混合构件中，塑料泡沫材料不是对于整个基体构成为核心材料，也就是说，存在无层压的区域、尤其是表面区域。
概念层压层尤其是应该理解为，所述至少一个区段具有由多个相互粘接的层构成的层结构，其中，各个层在此由塑料泡沫、尤其是板状的塑料泡沫材料形成或由纤维复合塑料形成。
对于混合构件在此通过与纤维复合塑料的层压尤其是产生用于基体的塑料泡沫材料的局部机械加强的可能性。已证实，局部地施加纤维复合塑料尤其是对于管、尤其是通风和排气管、特别是空调管是足够的，尤其是关于机械稳定性。由于通过层压局部地施加纤维复合塑料，在基于塑料泡沫材料制造的基体中存在塑料泡沫材料的区域、更精确地说为表面区域，所述区域露出，即不由纤维复合塑料遮盖和层压。在这里可以存在完全或仅由塑料泡沫形成的区域。这尤其是对于小的构件重量是有利的。优选地，所述塑料泡沫至少在露出的区域中闭孔地构成。
通过包括层压层的局部的区域、即利用纤维复合塑料的局部铺设和层压，可以针对性地构成加强区域，以便这样可以尤其是关于形状稳定性和粘弹性特性达到或维持分别需要的机械特性和要求。
层压层的各个组成部分、尤其是各层在此尤其是通过材料锁合相互连接、尤其是粘接。材料锁合的连接可以在此尤其是通过纤维复合塑料的塑料材料引起。然而也可以使用另一种适合的粘合剂，尤其是如下粘合剂，利用所述粘合剂，塑料泡沫材料的区段或部段可以相互粘接。
通过使用塑料泡沫可以尤其是实现相对于已知的轻质结构材料减少的重量，在所述轻质结构材料中，纤维复合塑料作为实心材料或与蜂窝芯组合使用。
此外可以通过将塑料泡沫与纤维复合塑料组合成层压结构实现特别有利的机械强度、尤其是抗拉强度和形状稳定性。在所述至少一个、构成为层压层的区段外，基本上保持塑料泡沫材料的粘弹性特性，而在层压层的区域中限定粘弹性特性。
粘弹性特性的限制或限定尤其是导致基体提高的刚度，这导致形状稳定性的改善，尤其是也在温度、湿度和/或压力波动的情况下形状稳定性的改善。
提出的混合构件的另一个优点可以在于，所述塑料泡沫材料相比于以实心材料或蜂窝结构方式由纤维加强塑料构成的构件具有显著较小的热传导系数，并且借此这样具有有利的隔热特性。按照要求可能的是，基于塑料泡沫材料的有利的隔热特性，可以放弃附加的隔热装置，所述隔热装置例如在由塑料复合材料制成的空调管中通常是需要的。尤其是在具有隔热要求的构件中，可以通过较高的构件整合性实现在制造时的简化和对应地减少的制造成本。
在构造中设定，混合构件的基体在所述至少一个区段外、即例如在无层压的区域中基本上由塑料泡沫或塑料泡沫材料形成。这尤其是表示，所述基体可以具有单纯由塑料泡沫形成的部段和构成为层压层的部段。构成为层压层的部段、也就是所述至少一个区段可以在此有利地承担机械加强和稳定的作用。可以基本上完全由塑料泡沫材料形成的无层压的部段基本上具有塑料泡沫材料的粘弹性特性，并且在这里相对于层压层具有更高的柔韧性和/或可弯曲性。利用所述至少一个构成为层压层的区段，可以避免、至少尽量抑制尤其是通过温度、压力和/或湿度影响在塑料泡沫材料中在其他情况下观察到的形状变化、尤其是长度变化。换句话说，可以在层压的区段中实现相对高的形状稳定性，而在无层压的区段中可以获得塑料泡沫材料的柔韧性。因此沿通过层压层加强的方向或维度可以实现提高的形状稳定性，而沿未加强的方向或维度存在提高的柔韧性。
在构造中设定，所述塑料泡沫基本上由塑性体或热塑性塑料或热塑性的塑料材料形成。意想不到地显示，发泡的热塑性的塑料材料适合于，以纤维复合塑料、例如所谓的预浸料坯层压。在层压时，塑料泡沫材料的泡沫结构可以基本上保留，或换句话说层压过程不导致塑料泡沫材料的相关的或决定性的退化。尤其是由PVDF(聚偏氟乙烯)和PPSU(聚苯砜)制成的泡沫材料已证实为适合的。
在构造中，纤维复合塑料作为塑料材料具有(硬化的)热固性塑料或热固塑料或热固塑料材料。尤其是在包括塑料泡沫材料的层压层中，热固性塑料处于硬化的状态，并且以这种方式局部加强混合构件的机械强度。在一种变型中，纤维复合塑料作为纤维可以具有玻璃纤维、碳纤维和/或芳族聚酰胺纤维，利用它们尤其是可以显著改善层压层的抗拉强度。在制造混合构件时，作为纤维复合塑料可以尤其是使用纤维基质半成品、尤其是预浸料坯，其中纤维、即加强纤维以塑料的基质浸湿。在一种变型中，纤维以纺织物、粘合织物、针织物、编织物的形式和/或作为无纺织物存在。
在构造中这样选择塑料泡沫材料和纤维复合塑料材料，使得塑料泡沫的熔化温度大于热固性塑料的固化温度。尤其是在这种情况中可以实现，在热固性塑料例如在温度和压力下硬化时，泡沫结构并且因此还有塑料泡沫材料的隔热作用被保留。
在构造中塑料泡沫、即塑料泡沫材料流体密封地、尤其是气密地构成。气密应该在此表示，空气、尤其是环境空气不可以渗透这样的塑料泡沫材料。尤其是塑料材料应该相对于在运输工具、尤其是飞机中存在的或使用的呼吸空气密封。对应的塑料泡沫材料尤其是适合于制造用于通风和/或排气系统和/或空调系统的管道或管。
在设计中设定，所述塑料泡沫或塑料泡沫材料可以是闭孔的泡沫材料。利用闭孔的泡沫材料可以尤其是实现有利的隔热特性。此外这样的材料相对于流体、尤其是水和/或空气通常足够密封，从而其特别良好地适合用于制造用于通风和/或排气和/或空气调节的管或导管部分。此外，闭孔的泡沫的表面可以相对良好和有效地涂敷，例如以漆和/或用于喷漆的底漆材料等。
在设计中设定，所述塑料泡沫具有20kg/m3或30kg/m3和75kg/m3之间、优选20kg/m3或30kg/m3和40kg/m3之间、进一步优选20kg/m3或30kg/m3和35kg/m3之间或20kg/m3和30kg/m3之间的密度。这样的塑料泡沫一方面具有足够的机械强度，以便结合所述一个或所述多个构成为层压层的区段构成自支承的构件或结构。另一方面，所述塑料泡沫能够实现相对小的构件重量，这尤其是在飞机技术和飞机内部装备的领域中是决定性的优点。
在设计中，所述至少一个区段具有一个部段，在所述部段中，纤维复合塑料设置在由塑料泡沫制成的两个层之间。这些变型或设计，构件的法线方向在这里通过塑料泡沫-纤维复合塑料-塑料泡沫的材料顺序表征。或换句话说，在由塑料泡沫制成的两层之间存在或层压由纤维复合塑料制成的一个层。在对应的设计中可以尤其是实现对称的层构造，所述层构造尤其是在制造层压层时也具有特别有利的形状稳定性。
在设计中，所述至少一个区段可以具有至少一个部段，在所述部段中塑料泡沫设置在由纤维复合塑料制成的两个层之间。在这里沿混合构件的法线方向产生纤维复合塑料-塑料泡沫-纤维复合塑料的材料顺序。尤其是利用该构造可以实现有利的刚度、抗拉强度和形状稳定性。除此之外在这里也可以实现关于形状稳定性有利的对称的构造。
在其他的设计中可以设定，塑料泡沫材料的两个对接和/或重叠地彼此靠在一起或彼此放到一起的部段在所述部段的接触区域中和超出其外在一侧或在两侧以由纤维复合塑料制成的覆层或层覆盖。尤其是以这种方式、以及也利用两个前面的设计变型，可以将多个塑料泡沫部件连接成一个较大的构件，其中，在各个塑料泡沫部件之间的连接可以在层压层的区域中并且通过层压层进行。多个塑料泡沫部件的组合可以以有利的方式在制造具有弯曲部和/或3D轮廓的构件时使用。也可设想，将作为展开件或预成形件提供的塑料泡沫部件沿棱边和/或剖面通过纤维复合塑料材料以层压相互连接，以便这样尤其是获得对应三维成形的构件。
在设计中设定，基体至少局部管状地成形，其中，在所述至少一个区段中，塑料泡沫的彼此对接的、尤其是无棱边地(stumpf)彼此对接的和/或彼此放置到一起的或处在一起的接触面通过纤维复合塑料相互粘接。在该配置中尤其是可以制造管和导管区段，其中，所述管的几何结构、尤其是其大小、直径和/或几何结构或沿轴向轴线的弯曲走向可以在大范围中变化。特别有利的是，对应的管可以以几乎任意的曲率制造。
在一种变型中，基体可以具有两个组装成管状的空心体的由塑料泡沫制成的半壳，其中，所述半壳通过纤维复合塑料相互粘接或连接。尤其是在该变型中，形成为层压层的区段可以在半壳的接触区域中分别在基体的整个轴向长度上延伸。以这种方式可以实现沿管纵向方向特别有利的稳定性，尤其是在温度波动、拉力负荷等的情况下。成形为管的基体可以沿周向具有环绕的、构成为层压层的区段。通过对应的、环绕的加强部可以尤其是局部地实现管的横截面的有利的形状稳定性。同样可以通过环绕的层压区段至少局部地在对管加压、即在对管内部施加压力时保持横截面形状，例如在通风导管或空气调节导管中是该情况。
在设计中并且如刚刚结合一个变型已经提到的，纤维复合塑料并且因此尤其是构成为层压层区段可以在至少一个维度上完全在基体的延伸上延伸。如已经提到的，可以这样实现有利的形状稳定性。纤维复合塑料可以例如沿棱边、沿尤其是外部的周边、即局部环绕地、沿连接部或对接接缝、尤其是轴向沿对接接缝等延伸。纤维复合塑料并且对应地构成为层压层的区段可以尤其是设置在任何的位置或部段上，在所述位置或部段上，所述基体应该机械加固和/或在所述位置或部段上两个或更多塑料泡沫材料应该相互连接。
在设计中可以设定，所述至少一个第一区段中的塑料泡沫和/或纤维复合塑料沿基体的法线方向在厚度方面变化。对应地可以调节或改变基体的机械和/或粘弹性特性。在变型中，厚度的变化可以如下得到，即，塑料泡沫是压缩的或被压缩。在此概念或词族“压缩”尤其是应该理解为，沿基体的法线方向测量的厚度相对于尤其是处于构成为层压层的区段外的未压缩的区域减少。尤其是塑料泡沫的厚度变化可以用于成型和/或用于构成和实现特别的构件形状和构件几何结构。尤其是由单纯的泡沫材料制成的部段和由单纯的纤维复合塑料制成的部段之间的厚度差能够在过渡区域中以相应压缩的泡沫材料桥接。由单纯的纤维复合塑料制成的这样的过渡区域和/或部段或面可以例如设置在构件棱边上和/或构成为凸缘、尤其是紧固凸缘、空气导向面和类似物。
在设计中可以设定，尤其是单纯由纤维复合塑料形成的层压的区域连接到至少一个构成为层压层的区段上，即连接到所述至少一个形成为层压层的区段中的至少一个上。由纤维复合塑料制成的层压的区域可以例如构成为凸缘、压板、套筒等。尤其是构成为管的混合构件可以在管端部上具有由纤维复合塑料制成的相应的层压的区域。可以使用所述层压的区域，以便将两个或更多个管相互连接成一个管道。
按照一种有利的设置尤其是用于空气调节应用的混合管，其中，所述混合管作为对应于上述说明、尤其是对应于上述设计和变型之一的混合构件构成。所述混合管可以尤其是是空调管，尤其是用于在飞机中的空调系统中的使用的空调管。
按照一种有利的设置尤其是用于运输工具舱、尤其是机舱的内室覆层元件，其中，所述内室覆层元件作为对应于上述说明、尤其是对应于上述设计和变型之一的混合构件构成。
由于关于混合管和内室覆层元件的优点和有利的作用，参阅用于混合构件实施方式。
按照本发明提出用于混合构件的制造方法，其中，塑料泡沫元件和纤维复合塑料元件在一层压过程中相互连接。这样可以以相对简单的和低成本的方式制造集成的构件。尤其是由于使用具有隔热作用的塑料泡沫材料可以在一个唯一的制造步骤中制造隔热的构件、尤其是管。
应该提到，所述泡沫材料按照需要可以掺加添加剂，尤其是以便改变泡沫材料的特性。例如泡沫材料可能具有导电的颗粒，以便改变混合构件的导电性。这可能例如用于保护或用于避免太大的静电充电。
在制造方法的设计中，在层压过程期间对塑料泡沫元件和纤维复合塑料元件以温度和/或压力加载，尤其是这样加载，使得具有热固性塑料的纤维复合塑料元件硬化。
在制造方法的其他设计中可以设定，至少一个塑料泡沫元件以板状的形式被提供、裁剪和/或预成形，尤其是在一模具中，并且至少一个塑料泡沫元件的两个区域、尤其是两个松散的端部在层压过程中通过在层压过程中硬化的纤维复合塑料元件相互粘接。这样的方法可以尤其是用于制造管，其中，在制造管时，两个管半壳可以彼此对接和相互连接。
附图说明
接着借助附图进一步说明本发明的各实施形式。其中：
图1示出混合管的透视图；
图2示出混合管的横截面图；
图3示出混合管的一种变型的横截面图；
图4示出混合管的缝位置区段；
图5示出混合管的另一种变型的另一个缝位置区段；
图6示出混合管的另一种变型的区段的侧视图；
图7示出混合管的另一种的变型的区段的侧视图；
图8示出混合构件的透视图；以及
图9示出图8的混合构件的剖面图。
具体实施方式
在图中相同的或功能相同的元件尽可能以相同的附图标记表示。
图1示出混合管1的透视图。混合管1具有基体2，所述基体具有至少一个区段，所述区段作为层压层3由塑料泡沫材料和纤维复合塑料形成。
接着也简称为管1的混合管1或基体2基本上由形成混合管1的壁4的弯曲成圆柱形的空心体的塑料泡沫板或平的塑料泡沫体形成。
沿轴向在壁4上延伸的对接棱边，构成层压层3或形成为层压层的区段，在所述区段中，弯曲的塑料泡沫体的侧棱边通过纤维复合塑料相互粘接，弯曲的塑料泡沫体的端部或侧棱边在所述对接棱边上彼此对接或彼此触碰。作为纤维复合塑料，可以例如使用所谓的预浸料坯，其在压力和温度的施加下可以硬化并且这样通过构成层压层3将塑料泡沫体的端部相互粘接。
通过层压层3的构成可以一方面实现塑料泡沫体的端部的固定连接并且另一方面可以改善机械强度、粘弹性特性、如形状稳定性、尤其是沿基体纵向方向的形状稳定性。
示出的混合管1尤其是适合用于在飞机中的空气调节系统和飞机空调管路敷设中的使用，因为尤其是通过使用塑料泡沫材料，混合管1相比于常规的管具有显著减少的重量。所述减少的重量尤其是也基于，基体在构成为层压层3的区域外可以无层压地构成，即可以具有无层压的表面区段O。无层压的表面区域O在各图中完全以附图标记O表示，其中，在各图中分别表征非全部的无层压的表面区域。
此外由塑料泡沫材料制造的壁4示出热绝缘的特性，从而可以放弃用于混合管的热绝缘的附加的措施。
图2示出混合管1的横截面图。由所述横截面图可更清楚地看出形成为层压层3的区段的结构和形状。在本构成中，管状弯曲的塑料泡沫体的端部或棱边完全(stumpf)彼此对接，其中，纤维复合塑料材料设置在所述端部或棱边之间。如可看出的，纤维复合材料和以此形成的或被形成的层压层3仅处于塑料泡沫体的端部之间。基体2在层压层3或构成为层压层3的区段外由塑料材料形成。
通过层压层3，所述端部或棱边相互粘接或是相互粘接的。对应的粘接对于空气调节和/或通风使用完全足够稳定。然而所述粘接可以在需要时还更稳定和更牢固地形成，对此接着结合图3至5还更详尽地阐明。
图3示出混合管1的一种变型的横截面图，且图4示出缝位置区段，即混合管1的缝位置N或连接位置的放大图。在该变型中，基体2或壁4通过两个半壳5形成。半壳5的侧棱边在本示例中完全地彼此对接并且相互连接成管状的基体。半壳的侧棱边的连接部在本示例中具有多个构成为层压层3的区段，然而所述区段按照构成也可以看作连续的层压的区段。
在图3的示例中，纤维复合塑料材料处于塑料泡沫材料的彼此对接的侧棱边之间。附加地并且区别于图2，纤维复合塑料材料沿半壳5的对接棱边处于壁4的内部和外部，其中，纤维复合塑料材料以预定的宽度覆盖对接棱边。在这里构成为层压层3的并且将塑料泡沫体相互连接的区段处于对接棱边之间并且以分别预定的、并且基本上可自由选择的宽度沿对接棱边处在内部和外部。在本示例中，构成为层压层3的区段这样选择，使得产生基本上对称的布置结构。这对于形状稳定性、尤其是结合层压层3的制造具有特别的优点，因为可以避免在层压层3的区域中的各向异性的应力或张力的出现。
在这里应该提到，在一种变型中，在半壳的对接棱边之间存在的层压层3可以通过另一种连接型式代替或补充，尤其是通过粘接部或利用粘合剂的粘接缝和/或通过焊接部或焊缝代替或补充。
应该提到，在如下情况中也可以使用在图3中示出的连接型式，即，除缝位置N之外，混合管只具有一个连续的塑料泡沫体或混合管1具有多个、分别构成部分外壳的塑料泡沫体。此外应该提到，对应的连接部、尤其是对接连接部和/或覆盖对接缝的连接部可以使用在与管不同的混合构件中。
图5示出混合管1的另一种变型的缝位置区段或缝位置N。区别于图3和图4，在基体的一侧上在缝位置N的区域中设置由纤维塑料材料制成的另一层L，该层覆盖对应于图3和图4的构造已经存在的由纤维塑料材料制成的层。通过所述另一个由纤维塑料材料制成的层L，可以进一步稳定和加强在缝位置N的区域中的连接。所述另一层L可以设置在基体2的内侧或基体2的外侧上。备选地可能的是，在内侧上和也在外侧上分别存在或设置另一层L。
图6示出混合管1的另一种变型的区段的侧视图。在本混合管1中，构成为层压层3的区段可以在缝位置N的区域中对应于在图3至5中示出的混合管1构造。对应于按照图2的变型的构造也是可能的。区别于或附加于至今示出的层压区域3，图6的混合管1具有其他的构成为层压层的区段、即其他的层压层6。所述其他的层压层6在本示例中径向环绕基体2地构成并且基本上作为基体沿周向的机械加强部和加固部起作用。在层压层3和其他层压层6的区域中，基体的柔韧性被限制以有利于机械的稳定性和强度，而在层压层3或其他层压层6外，塑料泡沫材料的柔韧性较少直到甚至不受限制。尤其是出于这些原因可以提供足够机械稳定的和形状稳定的混合构件，所述混合构件关于最终形状和最终几何结构不是完全刚性地、而是在一定的限度内还是柔性的。
图7示出混合管1的另一种变型的区段的侧视图。要指出，在按照图7的所述另一种变型中，结合图2至图6所述的、而在图7中未描述和示出的细节和特征按照需要可以单独或组合地实现。
图7的混合管1与至今示出的混合管1主要区别在于，在基体2的两个端部上分别存在一个轴向凸缘7。轴向凸缘7以硬化的形式由纤维复合塑料材料形成。轴向凸缘7超过基体2的轴向端部伸出，其中，伸出的凸缘区段可以与其他的管或管道元件连接。除了提供至其他的管或管道元件的连接可能性之外，轴向凸缘7也引起塑料泡沫材料的轴向端部的机械加固或加强。
轴向凸缘7在本示例中与壁4的内侧连接，并且更确切地说是如下进行，即，轴向凸缘7的纤维复合塑料材料与塑料泡沫材料通过层压相互连接。在这里，在本示例中在塑料泡沫体的端部上在与轴向凸缘7的纤维塑料材料重叠的区域中存在构成为层压层的区段。应该说明，代替轴向凸缘7也可以存在(未示出的)径向凸缘。
图8示出混合构件8的透视图。混合构件8构成为用于制造机舱空气调节装置的空气排出口的半壳。混合构件具有构成管半壳的第一部段9和连接在第一部段9的长边上并且大致板状构成的第二部段10。在第二部段10的外部的棱边上存在紧固凸缘11，而在第二部段10的长边上构成空气流动棱边12。
如尤其是由示出图8的混合构件8的剖面图的图9可看出的，第一部段9和第二部段10通过层压层3利用纤维复合塑料相互连接。对于该连接参阅上述的实施方式，其在这里类似适用。可以同样在这里使用如结合混合管1示出和说明的连接变型。
第二部段10具有层构造，所述层构造具有两个外部的塑料泡沫层和在其间设置的纤维复合塑料的中间层12。塑料泡沫层和中间层通过使用层压过程相互连接。即，在层构造的区域中存在构成为层压层的区域，所述区域引起平的、板状的第二部段10的机械加强。
根据板状构造的第二部段10的构造，在本发明的范围中可设想，制造包括对应的层压的加强区域的平坦的混合构件。这样的平坦的混合构件可以例如是内部覆层元件、尤其是用于机舱的天花板覆层元件。也可以以类似的方式制造其他内部装备元件，即利用具有由纤维复合塑料制成的层压加强层和/或连接层的塑料泡沫体。使用塑料泡沫材料的优点也在于，可以制造基本上任意弯曲的和任意成形的区域或构件，所述区域或构件通过塑料泡沫材料已经隔热。
由图9此外可看出，第二部段10的与第一部段9背离的长边具有相比于剩余的混合构件8压缩的边缘区域R，由此，第二部段10的厚度局部在边缘区域R中减少或是减少的。该厚度减少基本上通过塑料泡沫材料的压缩实现，其中，所述塑料泡沫材料在层压过程中压缩，并且在纤维复合塑料硬化之后保持减少的厚度。
仅由纤维复合塑料形成的棱边区域K连接到构成为层压层的压缩的边缘区域R上。这表示，所述压缩的区域朝第二部段10的边缘转入单纯由纤维复合塑料形成的棱边区域K中，所述棱边区域区别于混合结构也可以称为单片，在所述被压缩的区域中还存在由塑料泡沫和纤维复合塑料制成的混合结构。棱边区域K在本示例中作为空气出口棱边起作用。
用于所述混合构件1、8的塑料泡沫可以是热塑性的泡沫。所述泡沫可以以一个或多个坯料与纤维复合塑料、尤其是预浸料坯一起放入对应于混合构件的最终轮廓成形的模具、尤其是NDS模具(NDS：低压软管(Niederdruckschlauch))中，并且在模具闭合之后以配合的压力软管挤压到模具上。通过对所述布置结构的温度施加可以使纤维复合塑料硬化，其中，同时塑料泡沫成形为通过模具给定的最终轮廓。
塑料泡沫材料的连接可以通过纤维复合塑料、通过粘接剂和/或粘接条激活，这优选在施加温度期间进行。也可能的是，将由塑料泡沫材料制成的坯料提前借助焊接或粘接连接，并且这样形成的塑料泡沫体在后续的过程中被制成最终形状并且设有由纤维复合塑料制成的加强部。
附图标记列表
1 混合管
2 基体
3 层压层
4 壁
5 半壳
6 另一个层压层
7 轴向凸缘
8 混合构件
9 第一部段
10 第二部段
11 凸缘
12 中间层
N 缝位置
L 其他层
R 边缘区域
K 棱边区域
O 无层压的表面区段

Claims (20)

1.用于飞机的混合构件(1、8)，所述混合构件包括基体(2)，所述基体具有至少一个构成为由塑料泡沫和纤维复合塑料制成的层压层(3、6)的区段，并且其中，基体(2)包括至少一个由塑料泡沫形成的并且无层压地构成的表面区段，塑料泡沫气密地构成，其中，纤维复合塑料局部地并且轴向地沿基体(2)的对接接缝延伸，并且基体(2)至少局部管状地成形，其中，在所述至少一个区段(3)中，塑料泡沫的彼此对接的接触面通过设置在接触面之间的纤维复合塑料相互粘接。
2.按照权利要求1所述的混合构件(1、8)，其特征在于，基体(2)在所述至少一个区段(3、6)外基本上由塑料泡沫形成。
3.按照权利要求1或2所述的混合构件(1、8)，其特征在于，所述塑料泡沫由塑性体形成。
4.按照权利要求1或2所述的混合构件(1、8)，其特征在于，所述纤维复合塑料作为塑料材料具有热固性塑料和/或作为纤维具有玻璃纤维、碳纤维和/或芳族聚酰胺纤维。
5.按照权利要求1或2所述的混合构件(1、8)，其特征在于，所述塑料泡沫的熔化温度大于热固性塑料的固化温度。
6.按照权利要求1或2所述的混合构件(1、8)，其特征在于，所述塑料泡沫是闭孔的泡沫材料。
7.按照权利要求1或2所述的混合构件(1、8)，其特征在于，所述塑料泡沫具有30kg/m3和75kg/m3之间的密度。
8.按照权利要求1或2所述的混合构件(8)，其特征在于，所述至少一个区段(3)具有如下部段，在所述部段中，纤维复合塑料设置在由塑料泡沫制成的两个层之间。
9.按照权利要求1或2所述的混合构件(1、8)，其特征在于，所述至少一个区段(3)具有至少一个部段，在所述部段中，塑料泡沫设置在由纤维复合塑料制成的两个层之间。
10.按照权利要求1或2所述的混合构件(1、8)，其特征在于，所述基体(2)具有两个由塑料泡沫制成的组装成管状的空心体的半壳(5)，其中，所述半壳(5)通过纤维复合塑料相互粘接。
11.按照权利要求1或2所述的混合构件(1、8)，其特征在于，所述纤维复合塑料在至少一个维度上完全在基体(2)的延伸尺寸上延伸。
12.按照权利要求1或2所述的混合构件(8)，其特征在于，在所述至少一个第一区段中的塑料泡沫和/或纤维复合塑料沿基体(2)的法线方向在厚度方面变化。
13.按照权利要求1或2所述的混合构件(1、8)，其特征在于，单纯由纤维复合塑料形成的层压的区域(K、7)连接到至少一个构成为层压层的区段(3、R)上。
14.按照权利要求3所述的混合构件(1、8)，其特征在于，所述塑料泡沫由PVDF、PPSU形成。
15.按照权利要求4所述的混合构件(1、8)，其特征在于，所述纤维作为纺织物、粘合织物、针织物、编织物和/或无纺织物存在。
16.按照权利要求7所述的混合构件(1、8)，其特征在于，所述塑料泡沫具有30kg/m3和40kg/m3之间的密度。
17.按照权利要求12所述的混合构件(1、8)，其特征在于，塑料泡沫被压缩。
18.混合管(1)，其用于机舱的空气调节应用，所述混合管构成为按照权利要求1至17之一所述的混合构件(1)。
19.内室覆层元件，其用于机舱，其构成为按照权利要求1至17之一所述的混合构件。
20.用于按照权利要求1至17之一所述的混合构件(1、8)的制造方法，其特征在于，塑料泡沫元件和纤维复合塑料元件在一层压过程中相互连接。
CN201480001993.2A 2013-02-20 2014-02-14 混合构件和制造方法 Active CN104507662B (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102013002893.0 2013-02-20
DE102013002893.0A DE102013002893A1 (de) 2013-02-20 2013-02-20 Hybridbauteil und Herstellungsverfahren
PCT/EP2014/000413 WO2014127899A1 (de) 2013-02-20 2014-02-14 Hybridbauteil und herstellungsverfahren

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN104507662A CN104507662A (zh) 2015-04-08
CN104507662B true CN104507662B (zh) 2017-04-05

Family

ID=50115809

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201480001993.2A Active CN104507662B (zh) 2013-02-20 2014-02-14 混合构件和制造方法

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US10086580B2 (zh)
EP (1) EP2814660B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP6185081B2 (zh)
CN (1) CN104507662B (zh)
BR (1) BR112015001668B1 (zh)
CA (1) CA2873587C (zh)
DE (1) DE102013002893A1 (zh)
ES (1) ES2593208T3 (zh)
WO (1) WO2014127899A1 (zh)

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2979975B1 (en) * 2014-07-30 2017-09-27 AIRBUS HELICOPTERS DEUTSCHLAND GmbH An aircraft with a framework structure that comprises at least one hollow frame.
WO2017075324A1 (en) 2015-10-29 2017-05-04 Technifab Incorporated Thermoplastic components with reduced coefficient of thermal expansion
JP6784493B2 (ja) * 2016-01-25 2020-11-11 株式会社Ｓｕｂａｒｕ ロアアーム
DE102016007157B4 (de) * 2016-06-10 2019-11-28 Diehl Aviation Laupheim Gmbh Führungsrohr und Herstellungsverfahren
CN108263481A (zh) * 2016-12-31 2018-07-10 郑州吉田专利运营有限公司 包卷的碳纤维编织结构件及其制备的立体框架和应用
DE102017008189B4 (de) 2017-09-12 2019-05-02 Diehl Aviation Laupheim Gmbh Verfahren zum Herstellen eines rohrförmigen Hybridformkörpers
CN109017198A (zh) * 2018-06-21 2018-12-18 南京理工大学 一种汽车空调均匀送风道
DE102018007505A1 (de) 2018-09-24 2020-03-26 Diehl Aviation Laupheim Gmbh Luftführungsbauteil und Herstellungsverfahren
DE102019113056B3 (de) * 2019-05-17 2020-08-13 Odenwald-Chemie Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Hohlprofilbauteils, Formwerkzeug und Hohlprofilbauteil
WO2022174888A1 (en) * 2021-02-16 2022-08-25 Dalgarno Ip Ltd A duct section for a duct distribution system and a method of making a duct section

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101175667A (zh) * 2005-05-13 2008-05-07 空中客车德国有限公司 用于输导空气以调节飞机内的空气的管道
CN101309792A (zh) * 2005-11-23 2008-11-19 梅西耶-道提股份有限公司 制造由复合材料制成的连杆的方法
CN101522394A (zh) * 2006-09-28 2009-09-02 艾萨帕克控股公司 塑料管内部焊接工艺及设备

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP3408579B2 (ja) 1993-05-18 2003-05-19 三井化学株式会社 配管用部材及びその製造方法
JP2000108209A (ja) 1998-10-02 2000-04-18 Toray Ind Inc Ｆｒｐ製筒状体
US6586110B1 (en) * 2000-07-07 2003-07-01 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Contoured metal structural members and methods for making the same
JP2004108765A (ja) * 2002-08-29 2004-04-08 Mitsubishi Rayon Co Ltd 排煙ダクト
US20070292647A1 (en) 2006-06-16 2007-12-20 Princell Charles M Lap and seam seal closure system for foam pipe insulation

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101175667A (zh) * 2005-05-13 2008-05-07 空中客车德国有限公司 用于输导空气以调节飞机内的空气的管道
CN101309792A (zh) * 2005-11-23 2008-11-19 梅西耶-道提股份有限公司 制造由复合材料制成的连杆的方法
CN101522394A (zh) * 2006-09-28 2009-09-02 艾萨帕克控股公司 塑料管内部焊接工艺及设备

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102013002893A1 (de) 2014-08-21
BR112015001668B1 (pt) 2020-07-21
CA2873587A1 (en) 2014-08-28
US20150217536A1 (en) 2015-08-06
EP2814660B1 (de) 2016-07-06
BR112015001668A2 (pt) 2017-07-04
ES2593208T3 (es) 2016-12-07
US10086580B2 (en) 2018-10-02
CN104507662A (zh) 2015-04-08
JP6185081B2 (ja) 2017-08-23
CA2873587C (en) 2017-01-03
EP2814660A1 (de) 2014-12-24
WO2014127899A1 (de) 2014-08-28
JP2016511704A (ja) 2016-04-21

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN104507662B (zh) 混合构件和制造方法
JP6089041B2 (ja) 共結合補強材を有する柱状複合材構造及び製作方法
KR102022130B1 (ko) 경량 유연성 맨드렐 및 이를 제조하는 방법
US6743504B1 (en) Co-cured composite structures and method of making them
AU2003200918B2 (en) A method for the manufacture of a component by composite fibre construction
US8101035B2 (en) Composite mandrel
US20120132310A1 (en) Composite tubular parts with complex shapes
CN103895717B (zh) 纤维增强塑料车体结构及其制造方法
US10562243B2 (en) FRP shaping jig and method of shaping FRP structure
RU2009103204A (ru) Способ изготовления конструктивного компонента из армированного волокнами композиционного материала, предназначенного для авиакосмической отрасли, формовочный стержень для изготовления такого компонента и конструктивный компонент, полученный этим способом и/или посредством этого стержня
TW202208223A (zh) 自行車框架及製造方法
DE102011111744A1 (de) Steuergehäusemodul und Herstellungsverfahren
RU2573002C2 (ru) Деталь для рельсовых транспортных средств
US20090014081A1 (en) Thermosetting or thermoplastic arrangement for manufacturing piping for air conditioning
CN205956565U (zh) 管道连接装置
EP2871045A1 (en) Arrangement and method for producing a composite material component
CN106457698B (zh) 用于制造局部增强的型材构件的方法以及借助该方法制成的构件
KR20140095709A (ko) 복합재 파이프, 복합재 롤러, 복합재 파이프 제조방법 및 복합재 파이프를 이용한 복합재 롤러 제조방법
EP3758925B1 (en) Method of molding tubular composite structures
CN106029362A (zh) 积层构造体及其制造方法
CN117681458B (zh) 一种航空多向连接管件及其成型方法
WO2017151603A1 (en) Methods for fabricating preforms for high performance ultra-long fiber reinforced thermoplastic tubing
US20220288872A1 (en) Method for manufacturing structure and structure
KR100469377B1 (ko) 곡면 건축 구조물 제작을 위한 임의의 곡률을 갖는복합재료 대구경 원관의 제작방법
KR20150075750A (ko) 인서트폼을 이용한 차량용 휠 제조방법 및 이에 의해 제조된 차량용 휠

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
C06 Publication
PB01 Publication
EXSB Decision made by sipo to initiate substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
GR01 Patent grant
GR01 Patent grant
CP01 Change in the name or title of a patent holder
CP01 Change in the name or title of a patent holder

Address after: German laupheim

Patentee after: DIEHL AVIATION LAUPHEIM GmbH

Address before: German laupheim

Patentee before: DIEHL AIRCABIN GmbH