CN104491264A - 治疗食道癌的清热解毒剂及制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种治疗食道癌的清热解毒剂,取下述重量配比的主要原料制备而成:蒲公英20-30份;半枝莲15-25份;长春花3-6份;急性子10-20份;蜣螂9-16份;瓦楞子15-30份;葛根20-40份;蒲葵子8-16份;墓头回9-15份;朦石3-6份;白花蛇舌草8-15份;石首鱼鳔6-10份。符合中医关于治疗食道癌的理论,各中药原料经辨证配伍,具有解表祛毒、凉血消肿和清热泻火的功效。能有效抑制癌细胞的成长,在一定程度上杀死癌细胞,杜绝癌细胞的进一步扩散。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及中医中药领域,特别是涉及一种治疗食道癌的清热解毒剂及制备方法。
背景技术
食管癌是发生在食管上皮组织的恶性消化道肿瘤,占所有恶性肿瘤的2%。全世界每年约有30万人死于食管癌。其发病率和死亡率各国差异很大。我国是世界上食管癌高发地区之一,每年平均病死约15万人。男多于女,发病年龄多在40岁以上。我国是世界上食管癌发病率较高的国家之一,全世界每年因食管癌死亡的患者中,约有一半是中国人。近些年食管癌有低龄化趋势,发病年龄较以往平均提前5岁。食管癌典型的症状为进行性咽下困难,先是难咽干的食物,继而是半流质食物,最后水和唾液也不能咽下。
临床症状因病程发展、病理形态、机体反应等多种因素的不同而表现不尽相同。1.早期食管癌临床上症状常不明显,但在吞咽粗硬食物时可能有不同程度的不适感,包括咽下食物梗噎感,胸骨后烧灼样、针刺样或牵拉摩擦样疼痛。食物通过缓慢,并有停滞感或异物感。梗噎停滞感常通过吞咽水后缓解消失。症状时轻时重,进展缓慢。多是因局部病灶刺激食管蠕动异常或痉挛,或因局部炎症、糜烂、表浅溃疡、肿瘤浸润所致,常反复出现,间歇期可无症状可持续几年时间。主要特征性症状为胸骨后不适或咽下痛。疼痛呈烧灼样、针刺样或牵拉摩擦样疼痛,尤其是进食粗糙、过热或有刺激性的食物时为显著。食物通过缓慢并有轻度哽噎感,大部分进展缓慢。其他少见症状有胸骨后闷胀,咽部干燥发紧等。3%-8%的病例可无任何感觉。2.中期食管癌典型症状进行性吞咽困难,由于食管壁具有良好的弹性及扩张能力,在癌未累及食管全周一半以上时,吞咽困难症状尚不显著。咽下困难的程度与病理类型有关,缩窄型和髓质型较其他型为严重。约10%的病例症状或初发症状不是咽下困难者占20%-40%,而造成食管癌的诊断延误。部分病人在吞咽食物时有胸骨后或肩胛间疼痛。根据肿瘤部位提示已有外侵引起食管周围炎、纵隔炎或食管深层溃疡所致。下胸段肿瘤引起的疼痛可以发生在剑突下或上腹部。若有持续性胸背痛多为癌肿侵犯及(或)压迫胸膜及脊神经所致。食管癌本身和炎症可反射性地引起食管腺和唾液腺分泌增加,经食管逆蠕动,可引起呛咳和肺炎。3.晚期食管癌多因压迫及并发症引起,并且可以发生淋巴及血行转移。食管病变段有溃疡、炎症或是肿瘤外侵,则产生胸骨后或背部持续性隐痛。如疼痛剧烈并伴有发热,应警惕肿瘤是否已经穿孔或行将穿孔。癌肿淋巴结转移常在锁骨上部胸锁乳突肌的附着部后方,左侧多于右侧,如压迫喉返神经,出现声音嘶哑;压迫颈交感神经,则产生Horner综合征。因吸入性炎症引起的喉炎也可造成声音嘶哑,通过间接喉镜检查有助于鉴别。癌肿压迫气管,可出现咳嗽及呼吸困难,有时由于食管高度梗阻,产生逆蠕动使食管内容物误吸入气道造成感染。癌组织侵透纵隔、气管、支气管、主动脉,形成纵隔炎、气管食管瘘,发生肺炎、肺脓肿,甚至致命性大出血等。病人因咽下困难出现营养不良,脱水等恶病质。若有骨、肝、脑等重要脏器转移,可出现骨痛、黄疸、腹水、昏迷等症状。常吐黏液样痰,为下咽的唾液和食管的分泌物。患者逐渐消瘦、脱水、无力。持续胸痛或背痛表示为晚期症状,癌已侵犯食管外组织。当癌肿梗阻所引起的炎症水肿暂时消退,或部分癌肿脱落后,梗阻症状可暂时减轻,常误认为病情好转。
目前,治疗食道癌的药物也有很多,针对上述问题,公开号CN 101919967 A (申请号201010210200.1)的专利文献公开了一种治疗食道癌的中药,由如下重量配比的原料制成:山慈菇10份-30份、紫河车30份-50份、威灵仙30份-50份、半枝莲30份-50份、金银花10份-30份、蜈蚣1份-10份、全蝎10份-30份、地龙10份-30份、人参30份-50份、灵芝10份-30份、西洋参30份-50份、草珊瑚30份-50份、三七30份-50份、血竭10份-30份、白芨30份-50份、甘草10份-30份。公开号CN 102416083 A(申请号201110410618.1)的专利文献公开了一种治疗食道癌的药物组合物,由如下重量份的活性成分制成:红参3-6份、牛蒡子10-15份、法半夏8-12份、蜈蚣4-8份、厚朴8-12份、牛黄4-6份、当归10-15份、连翘15-20份、丹参15-20份。公开号CN 102018864 A(申请号201010591088.0)的专利文献公开了一种治疗食道癌的中药及其加工方法,是由下述重量的原料药制成:半夏60克、半边莲40克、白花蛇舌草80克、急性子30克、诃子40克、西洋参40克、七叶一枝花60克、旋复花60克、鸡内金40克、猫眼草20克、制南星20克、水蛭15克、蟾酥3克、枯矾20克、龙衣40克、炮山甲60克、黄药子40克。
包括上述专利文献在内的现有技术在治疗食道癌方面还存在疗效不理想等缺陷,西医上治疗食道癌,对于前期及中前期的患者多采用手术的方法,而对于后期及中后期的患者对采用化疗的方法缓解病情,手术治疗给患者身体上带来巨大的疼痛折磨,恢复期长,而且并不一定可以达到控制癌细胞的扩散,而化疗给人体造成非常大的副作用,包括恶心呕吐、脱发、疲劳、胸闷气短、心慌心悸,而且,在抑制癌细胞生长的同时也会杀死很多的正常细胞,容易导致人体免疫力下降。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足,本发明的目的之一在于提供一种治疗食道癌的清热解毒剂,采用地方上较为多见的中药材作为原料,各中药原料经辨证配伍,具有解表祛毒、凉血消肿和清热泻火的功效。能有效抑制癌细胞的成长,在一定程度上杀死癌细胞,杜绝癌细胞的进一步扩散。本发明的另一目的就是提供上述治疗食道癌的清热解毒剂的制备方法。
本发明的上述目的是通过以下技术方案来实现的:
治疗食道癌的清热解毒剂,取下述重量配比的主要原料制备而成:蒲公英20-30份;半枝莲15-25份;长春花3-6份;急性子10-20份;蜣螂9-16份;瓦楞子15-30份;葛根20-40份;蒲葵子8-16份;墓头回9-15份;朦石3-6份;白花蛇舌草8-15份;石首鱼鳔6-10份。
治疗食道癌的清热解毒剂,优选的方案为,取下述重量配比的主要原料制备而成:蒲公英23-27份;半枝莲18-22份;长春花4-5份;急性子13-17份;蜣螂11-14份;瓦楞子20-25份;葛根25-35份;蒲葵子11-13份;墓头回11-13份;朦石4-5份;白花蛇舌草10-13份;石首鱼鳔7-9份。
治疗食道癌的清热解毒剂,更加优选的方案为,取下述重量配比的主要原料制备而成:蒲公英25份;半枝莲20份;长春花4.5份;急性子15份;蜣螂12份;瓦楞子22份;葛根30份;蒲葵子12份;墓头回12份;朦石4.5份;白花蛇舌草12份;石首鱼鳔8份。
本发明还提供了将上述治疗食道癌的清热解毒剂制成药学上可接受的丸剂、汤剂、散剂和稠膏剂的制备方法。
所述治疗食道癌的清热解毒剂丸剂的制备方法,步骤如下:
(1)将朦石置坩埚内,在无烟的炉火中煅至红透呈金黄色,取出,放凉,除去沙石,将礞石研碎;
(2)将石首鱼鳔洗净,沥干,用香油炸至酥脆,取出,研成粉末,过140-180目筛(优选的,过150-170目筛,更加优选的,过160目筛);
(3)在锅内铺好表芯纸,加水润湿,将急性子、蜣螂和蒲葵子铺在表芯纸上,文火加热至纸干起烟接近焦枯时,开始不断翻动急性子、蜣螂和蒲葵子20-30分钟(优选的,不断翻动急性子、蜣螂和蒲葵子23-27分钟,更加优选的,不断翻动急性子、蜣螂和蒲葵子25分钟),停止加热,冷却,粉碎,过100-140目筛(优选的,过110-130目筛,更加优选的,过120目筛);
(4)将瓦楞子打碎,置于砂锅中,煎煮40-60分钟(优选的,煎煮45-55分钟,更加优选的,煎煮50分钟),加入步骤(1)所得物、步骤(3)所得物、蒲公英、半枝莲、长春花、葛根、墓头回和白花蛇舌草,继续煎煮两次,每次煎煮20-40分钟(优选的,每次煎煮25-35分钟,更加优选的,每次煎煮30分钟),两次滤液合并,将所得滤液浓缩至原体积的1/2,加入步骤(2)所得物,混匀,浓缩(45℃)至相对密度为1.10-1.20(优选的,浓缩至相对密度为1.13-1.17,更加优选的,浓缩至相对密度为1.15),加入淀粉,混匀,制成手捏成团压之即散的软材,过80-120目筛(优选90-110目筛,更加优选100目筛),烘干,粉碎,得药粉;
(5)将蜂蜜置于锅内,用文火熬炼,等蜂蜜熬至粘稠状,掺入步骤(4)所得的药粉,充分拌匀成药膏,按中医传统制丸方法制成药丸(优选的,药丸的直径为3-5mm,更加优选的,药丸的直径为4mm),即得丸剂。
服用方法:每次6-8丸,每日3次,20天一个疗程。
根据上面所述的制备方法,优选的方案在于:步骤(5)蜂蜜的用量是药粉质量的10%-20%(优选的,蜂蜜的用量是药粉质量的15%)。
所述治疗食道癌的清热解毒剂汤剂的制备方法,步骤如下:
(1)将朦石置坩埚内,在无烟的炉火中煅至红透呈金黄色,取出,放凉,除去沙石,将礞石研碎;
(2)将石首鱼鳔洗净,沥干,用香油炸至酥脆,取出,研成粉末,过140-180目筛(优选的,过150-170目筛,更加优选的,过160目筛);
(3)在锅内铺好表芯纸,加水润湿,将急性子、蜣螂和蒲葵子铺在表芯纸上,文火加热至纸干起烟接近焦枯时,开始不断翻动急性子、蜣螂和蒲葵子20-30分钟(优选的,不断翻动急性子、蜣螂和蒲葵子23-27分钟,更加优选的,不断翻动急性子、蜣螂和蒲葵子25分钟),停止加热,冷却,粉碎,过100-140目筛(优选的,过110-130目筛,更加优选的,过120目筛);
(4)将瓦楞子打碎,置于砂锅中,煎煮40-60分钟(优选的,煎煮45-55分钟,更加优选的,煎煮50分钟),加入步骤(1)所得物、步骤(3)所得物、蒲公英、半枝莲、长春花、葛根、墓头回和白花蛇舌草,继续煎煮两次,每次煎煮20-40分钟(优选的,每次煎煮25-35分钟,更加优选的,每次煎煮30分钟),两次滤液合并;
(5)将步骤(4)所得滤液浓缩至原体积的1/2,加入步骤(2)所得物以及单糖浆,混匀,高温杀菌20-40分钟(优选的,高温杀菌25-35分钟,更加优选的,高温杀菌30分钟),无菌封装。
根据上面所述的制备方法,优选的方案在于:步骤(5)单糖浆的用量是浓缩液质量的6%-10%(优选的,单糖浆的用量是浓缩液质量的8%)。
服用方法:每次60-100ml,每日3次,20天一个疗程。
所述治疗食道癌的清热解毒剂散剂的制备方法,步骤如下:
(1)将朦石置坩埚内,在无烟的炉火中煅至红透呈金黄色,取出,放凉,除去沙石,将礞石研碎;
(2)将石首鱼鳔洗净,沥干,用香油炸至酥脆,取出,研成粉末,过140-180目筛(优选的,过150-170目筛,更加优选的,过160目筛);
(3)在锅内铺好表芯纸,加水润湿,将急性子、蜣螂和蒲葵子铺在表芯纸上,文火加热至纸干起烟接近焦枯时,开始不断翻动急性子、蜣螂和蒲葵子20-30分钟(优选的,不断翻动急性子、蜣螂和蒲葵子23-27分钟,更加优选的,不断翻动急性子、蜣螂和蒲葵子25分钟),停止加热,冷却,粉碎,过100-140目筛(优选的,过110-130目筛,更加优选的,过120目筛);
(4)将瓦楞子打碎,置于砂锅中,煎煮40-60分钟(优选的,煎煮45-55分钟,更加优选的,煎煮50分钟),加入步骤(1)所得物、步骤(3)所得物、蒲公英、半枝莲、长春花、葛根、墓头回和白花蛇舌草,继续煎煮两次,每次煎煮20-40分钟(优选的,每次煎煮25-35分钟,更加优选的,每次煎煮30分钟),两次滤液合并,浓缩(45℃)至相对密度为1.10-1.20(优选的,浓缩至相对密度为1.13-1.17,更加优选的,浓缩至相对密度为1.15),加入淀粉,混匀,制成手捏成团压之即散的软材,过80-120目筛(优选90-110目筛,更加优选100目筛),烘干,粉碎,得药粉;
(5)将步骤(2)和步骤(4)所得物混匀,得散剂。
服用方法:每次10-15g,用35-40℃的温开水冲服,每日3次,20天一个疗程。
所述治疗食道癌的清热解毒剂稠膏剂的制备方法,步骤如下:
(1)将朦石置坩埚内,在无烟的炉火中煅至红透呈金黄色,取出,放凉,除去沙石,将礞石研碎;
(2)将石首鱼鳔洗净,沥干,用香油炸至酥脆,取出,研成粉末,过140-180目筛(优选的,过150-170目筛,更加优选的,过160目筛);
(3)在锅内铺好表芯纸,加水润湿,将急性子、蜣螂和蒲葵子铺在表芯纸上,文火加热至纸干起烟接近焦枯时,开始不断翻动急性子、蜣螂和蒲葵子20-30分钟(优选的,不断翻动急性子、蜣螂和蒲葵子23-27分钟,更加优选的,不断翻动急性子、蜣螂和蒲葵子25分钟),停止加热,冷却,粉碎,过100-140目筛(优选的,过110-130目筛,更加优选的,过120目筛);
(4)将瓦楞子打碎,置于砂锅中,煎煮40-60分钟(优选的,煎煮45-55分钟,更加优选的,煎煮50分钟),加入步骤(1)所得物、步骤(3)所得物、蒲公英、半枝莲、长春花、葛根、墓头回和白花蛇舌草,继续煎煮两次,每次煎煮20-40分钟(优选的,每次煎煮25-35分钟,更加优选的,每次煎煮30分钟),两次滤液合并;
(5)将步骤(4)所得滤液浓缩至原体积的1/2,加入步骤(2)所得物,混匀,加入山梨酸,浓缩(25℃)至相对密度为1.20-1.30的稠膏(优选的,浓缩至相对密度为1.23-1.27的稠膏,更加优选的,浓缩至相对密度为1.25的稠膏),无菌封装。
根据上面所述的制备方法,优选的方案在于:步骤(5)山梨酸的用量是浓缩液质量的0.02%-0.04%(优选的,山梨酸的用量是浓缩液质量的0.03%)。
服用方法:每次10-15g,用35-40℃的温开水冲服,每日3次,20天一个疗程。
本发明治疗食道癌的清热解毒剂,符合中医关于治疗食道癌的理论,各中药原料经辨证配伍,在作用上相铺相成,具有解表祛毒、凉血消肿和清热泻火的功效。能有效抑制癌细胞的成长,在一定程度上杀死癌细胞,杜绝癌细胞的进一步扩散,克服了西医手术、放化疗治疗食道癌的众多不足,其疗效显著,副作用小,作用可靠。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例和实验例详细说明本发明的技术方案,但保护范围不被此限制。
各原料药的药理功效分别为:
蒲公英:味苦、甘,性寒。归肝、胃经。为菊科植物蒲公英、碱地蒲公英或同属数种植物的干燥全草。具有清热解毒,消肿散结,利尿通淋的功效。用于疔疮肿毒,乳痈,瘰疬,目赤,咽痛,肺痈,肠痛,湿热黄疸,热淋涩痛。
半枝莲:味辛、苦,性寒。归肺、肝、肾经。为唇形科植物半枝莲的干燥全草。具有清热解毒,化瘀利尿的功效。用于疔疮肿毒,咽喉肿痛,毒蛇咬伤,跌扑伤痛,水肿,黄疸。
长春花:味微苦,性凉。归肝、肾二经。为夹竹桃科植物长春花的全草。含有吲哚类生物碱70余种,包含长春碱、长春新碱、洛柯定碱、洛柯辛碱、去乙酰文朵尼定碱、长春花碱、长春尼定、洛柯宁碱等。长春花中含70多种生物碱,是一种防治癌症的天然良药,其中长春碱和长春新碱对治疗肺癌等恶性神瘤、淋巴肉瘤及儿童急性白血病等都有一定疗效,是国际上应用最多的抗癌植物药源。具有凉血降压、镇静安神、解毒抗癌、清热平肝的功效。用于高血压、火烫伤、恶性淋巴瘤、绒毛膜上皮癌、单核细胞性白血病、多种癌肿、高血压病、痈肿疮毒、烫伤。
急性子:味微苦、辛,性温,有小毒。归肺、肝经。为凤仙花科植物凤仙花的干燥成熟种子。具有破血软坚,消积的功效。用于癥瘕痞块,经闭,噎膈。
蜣螂:味咸,性寒,有毒。归肝、胃、大肠经。俗称屎克螂,为鞘翅目金龟子科昆虫蜣螂的干燥全虫。具有定惊,破瘀,通便,攻毒的功效。用于惊痫,癫狂,症瘕,噎膈反胃,腹胀便结,淋病,疳积,血痢,痔漏,疔肿,恶疮。
瓦楞子:味咸,性平。归肺、胃、肝经。为蚶科动物毛蚶、泥蚶或魁蚶的贝壳。具有消痰化瘀,软坚散结,制酸止痛的功效。用于顽痰积结,黏稠难咯,瘿瘤,瘰疬,癥瘕痞块,胃痛泛酸。
葛根:味甘、辛,性凉。归脾、胃经。为豆科植物野葛的干燥根。具有解肌退热,生津,透疹,升阳止泻的功效。用于外感发热头痛、项背强痛,口渴,消渴,麻疹不透,热痢,泄泻;高血压颈项强痛。
蒲葵子:味甘、苦,性平,小毒。为棕榈科植物蒲葵的种子。含酚类,还原糖,鞣质,三酰甘油,氨基酸:赖氨酸、丝氨酸、精氨酸、脯氨酸、酪氨酸、缬氨酸、异亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸,糖,维生素C即抗坏血酸,果壳与核仁的油主要含油酸。具有活血化瘀,软坚散结的功效。用于慢性肝炎,症瘕积聚,血崩,外伤出血,癌症。
墓头回:味辛,性温。归心、肝二经。为败酱科植物异叶败酱、糙叶败酱的根。根及根茎含挥发油,其中主成分有:β-丁香烯、α-葎草烯、十氢-4,8,8-三甲基-9-亚甲基-1,4-亚甲基薁、3,7,11-三甲基-1,3,6,10-十二碳四烯、ζ-荜澄茄醇、β-芹子烯等,共鉴定了26种成分。具有活血通经、消肿止痛、活血止血、敛肝燥湿的功效。用于血瘀型崩漏。
朦石:味甘、咸,性平,无毒。归肺、大肠、胃三经。为变质岩类岩石绿泥石片岩或云母片岩的石块或碎粒。尚含少量镍、钛、磷等多种元素。具有坠痰,消食,下气,平肝的功效。用于顽痰癖积,宿食症瘕,癫狂惊痫,咳嗽喘急,痰涎上壅。
白花蛇舌草:味微苦、微甘,性微寒。归心、肝、脾经。为茜草科植物白花蛇舌草的干燥全草。全草含车叶草甙、车叶草甙酸、去乙酸基车叶草甙酸、都桷子甙酸、鸡屎藤次甙、鸡屎藤次甙甲酯、6-O-对-羟基桂皮酰鸡屎藤次甙甲酯、6-O-对-甲氧基桂皮酰鸡屎藤次甙甲酯、6-O-阿魏酰鸡屎藤次甙甲酯、2-甲基-3-羟基蒽醌、2-甲基-3-甲氧基蒽醌等。具有清热解毒,消痈散结,利水消肿的功效。用于咽喉肿痛,肺热喘咳,热淋涩痛,湿热黄疸,毒蛇咬伤,疮肿热痈。
石首鱼鳔:为石首鱼科动物大黄鱼或小黄鱼的鱼鳔。石首鱼又名黄鱼,主要生活在多泥沙的海底,大部分过群体生活。石首鱼主要以贝类动物和软体动物为食。每100克大、小黄鱼分别含:水分81、79克;蛋白质17.6、16.7克;脂肪0.8、3.5克;灰分0.9、0.9克;钙33、43毫克;磷135、127毫克;铁0.9、1.2毫克;硫胺素0.01、0.01毫克;核黄素0.10、0.14毫克;尼克酸0.8、0.9毫克。每1公斤鲜石首鱼含碘120微克。
实施例1 治疗食道癌的清热解毒剂,取下述主要原料制备而成(每份取50g):蒲公英20份;半枝莲15份;长春花3份;急性子10份;蜣螂9份;瓦楞子15份;葛根20份;蒲葵子8份;墓头回9份;朦石3份;白花蛇舌草8份;石首鱼鳔6份。
上述治疗食道癌的清热解毒剂丸剂的制备方法,步骤如下:
(1)将朦石置坩埚内,在无烟的炉火中煅至红透呈金黄色,取出,放凉,除去沙石,将礞石研碎;
(2)将石首鱼鳔洗净,沥干,用香油炸至酥脆,取出,研成粉末,过160目筛;
(3)在锅内铺好表芯纸,加水润湿,将急性子、蜣螂和蒲葵子铺在表芯纸上,文火加热至纸干起烟接近焦枯时,开始不断翻动急性子、蜣螂和蒲葵子25分钟,停止加热,冷却,粉碎,过120目筛;
(4)将瓦楞子打碎,置于砂锅中,煎煮50分钟,加入步骤(1)所得物、步骤(3)所得物、蒲公英、半枝莲、长春花、葛根、墓头回和白花蛇舌草,继续煎煮两次,每次煎煮30分钟,两次滤液合并,将所得滤液浓缩至原体积的1/2,加入步骤(2)所得物,混匀,浓缩(45℃)至相对密度为1.15的稠膏,加入相对于稠膏质量的10%的淀粉,混匀,制成手捏成团压之即散的软材,过100目筛,烘干,粉碎,得药粉;
(5)将相对于药粉质量的15%的蜂蜜置于锅内,用文火熬炼,等蜂蜜熬至粘稠状,掺入步骤(4)所得的药粉,充分拌匀成药膏,按中医传统制丸方法制成直径为4mm的药丸,即得丸剂。
服用方法:每次6-8丸,每日3次,20天一个疗程。
典型病例一:陈XX,男,49岁,山东省烟台市牟平区人。2年前发现在吞咽粗硬食物时都会有不同程度的不适感,当时没在意,又过了一段时间,出现吃饭时吞咽食物困难,有梗噎感或停滞感,伴有疼痛,症状时轻时重。去医院检查,经食道镜检查并进行活检,诊断为早期食道癌,根据具体情况未进行手术治疗,药物治疗半年后无任何好转。
后来服用实施例2所得治疗食道癌的清热解毒剂丸剂2个疗程后,吞咽食物时咽部疼痛感有所减轻,精神状态也有所好转。继续服用2个疗程后,去医院检查,竟发现癌细胞扩散竟然被控制住了,半年后的复查中显示各项指标均属正常。目前,陈先生已完全恢复健康人的生活。
实施例2 治疗食道癌的清热解毒剂,取下述主要原料制备而成(每份取60g):蒲公英23份;半枝莲18份;长春花4份;急性子13份;蜣螂11份;瓦楞子20份;葛根25份;蒲葵子11份;墓头回11份;朦石4份;白花蛇舌草10份;石首鱼鳔7份。
上述治疗食道癌的清热解毒剂汤剂的制备方法,步骤如下:
(1)将朦石置坩埚内,在无烟的炉火中煅至红透呈金黄色,取出,放凉,除去沙石,将礞石研碎;
(2)将石首鱼鳔洗净,沥干,用香油炸至酥脆,取出,研成粉末,过160目筛;
(3)在锅内铺好表芯纸,加水润湿,将急性子、蜣螂和蒲葵子铺在表芯纸上,文火加热至纸干起烟接近焦枯时,开始不断翻动急性子、蜣螂和蒲葵子25分钟,停止加热,冷却,粉碎,过120目筛;
(4)将瓦楞子打碎,置于砂锅中,煎煮50分钟,加入步骤(1)所得物、步骤(3)所得物、蒲公英、半枝莲、长春花、葛根、墓头回和白花蛇舌草,继续煎煮两次,每次煎煮30分钟,两次滤液合并;
(5)将步骤(4)所得滤液浓缩至原体积的1/2,加入步骤(2)所得物以及相对于浓缩液质量的8%的单糖浆,混匀,高温杀菌30分钟,无菌封装。
服用方法:每次60-100ml,每日3次,20天一个疗程。
典型病例二:于XX,男,58岁,市场经理,山东省威海市文登市人。平时工作老是去外地出差,饭局也比较多,大多数都需要陪客户喝酒,而且于先生习惯喝酒后不停地吸烟,导致于先生的饮食非常不规律。时间久了,身体出现很多不适的症状,五六年前被查出患有早期肺癌,幸运的是发现的比较早,经过相应治疗后身体恢复了健康。但没过多久又出现吃饭时吞咽食物困难,去医院检查结果又患上了早期食道癌。实施手术后,继续康复治疗2个月,但半年后去医院复查,显示癌细胞有扩散。
后来从一位病友那里听说本发明治疗食道癌的清热解毒剂治疗食道癌的疗效非常好,于是购买了2个疗程的实施例2所得治疗食道癌的清热解毒剂汤剂,服用完后,感觉好受多了,胸痛、气喘、咳嗽都减轻了,精神也有明显好转。于是继续服用2个疗程后,让于先生高兴的是,完全可以跟正常人一样一天三餐。半年后复查显示癌细胞已被控制住。
实施例3 治疗食道癌的清热解毒剂,取下述主要原料制备而成(每份取40g):蒲公英27份;半枝莲22份;长春花5份;急性子17份;蜣螂14份;瓦楞子25份;葛根35份;蒲葵子13份;墓头回13份;朦石5份;白花蛇舌草13份;石首鱼鳔9份。
上述治疗食道癌的清热解毒剂散剂的制备方法,步骤如下:
(1)将朦石置坩埚内,在无烟的炉火中煅至红透呈金黄色,取出,放凉,除去沙石,将礞石研碎;
(2)将石首鱼鳔洗净,沥干,用香油炸至酥脆,取出,研成粉末,过160目筛;
(3)在锅内铺好表芯纸,加水润湿,将急性子、蜣螂和蒲葵子铺在表芯纸上,文火加热至纸干起烟接近焦枯时,开始不断翻动急性子、蜣螂和蒲葵子25分钟,停止加热,冷却,粉碎,过120目筛;
(4)将瓦楞子打碎,置于砂锅中,煎煮50分钟,加入步骤(1)所得物、步骤(3)所得物、蒲公英、半枝莲、长春花、葛根、墓头回和白花蛇舌草,继续煎煮两次,每次煎煮30分钟,两次滤液合并,浓缩(45℃)至相对密度为1.15,加入相对于浓缩液质量的8%的淀粉,混匀,制成手捏成团压之即散的软材,过100目筛,烘干,粉碎,得药粉;
(5)将步骤(2)和步骤(4)所得物混匀,得散剂。
服用方法:每次10-15g,每日3次,用35-40℃的温开水冲服,20天一个疗程。
典型病例三:宋XX,女,49岁,农民,山东省临沂市苍山县人。六年前出现吃饭困难,吞咽食物时有明显的疼痛感,并且吞咽困难,身体出现乏力等症状,在镇上的医院检查后医生并没有给予下结论,建议宋女士去大医院检查。于是去市医院,检查显示食道癌,由于宋女士家庭条件一般,再加上家里有2个女儿分别上高中和大学。经济条件的压力迫使宋女士放弃手术治疗,从而选择保守治疗,可是保守治疗2个月后仍无任何缓解,反而更加严重,渐渐地出现胸闷疼痛,先是难以咽下较干硬的食物,继而连半流质的食物也很难下咽,身体也日渐虚弱。
后来上大学的女儿打听到本发明治疗食道癌的清热解毒剂的效果很好,于是给母亲购买2个疗程的实施例3所得治疗食道癌的清热解毒剂散剂,服用完后竟然症状有所缓解,肿瘤有所减小,精神、体力也有所改善。继续服用2个疗程,去医院检查竟然显示肿瘤已经消失,身体恢复正常。一年后对进行电话回访,得知没有出现转移、复发等异常问题。
实施例4治疗食道癌的清热解毒剂,取下述主要原料制备而成(每份取20g):蒲公英25份;半枝莲20份;长春花4.5份;急性子15份;蜣螂12份;瓦楞子22份;葛根30份;蒲葵子12份;墓头回12份;朦石4.5份;白花蛇舌草12份;石首鱼鳔8份。
上述治疗食道癌的清热解毒剂稠膏剂的制备方法,步骤如下:
(1)将朦石置坩埚内,在无烟的炉火中煅至红透呈金黄色,取出,放凉,除去沙石,将礞石研碎;
(2)将石首鱼鳔洗净,沥干,用香油炸至酥脆,取出,研成粉末,过160目筛;
(3)在锅内铺好表芯纸,加水润湿,将急性子、蜣螂和蒲葵子铺在表芯纸上,文火加热至纸干起烟接近焦枯时,开始不断翻动急性子、蜣螂和蒲葵子25分钟,停止加热,冷却,粉碎,过120目筛;
(4)将瓦楞子打碎,置于砂锅中,煎煮50分钟,加入步骤(1)所得物、步骤(3)所得物、蒲公英、半枝莲、长春花、葛根、墓头回和白花蛇舌草,继续煎煮两次,每次煎煮30分钟,两次滤液合并;
(5)将步骤(4)所得滤液浓缩至原体积的1/2,加入步骤(2)所得物,混匀,加入山梨酸,浓缩(25℃)至相对密度为1.25的稠膏,无菌封装。
服用方法:每次10-15g,用35-40℃的温开水冲服,每日3次,20天一个疗程。
试验例:针对实施例4所得治疗食道癌的清热解毒剂稠膏剂的疗效检测,我们做了毒性试验和临床试验,具体情况如下:
毒性试验急性毒性试验 选用SPF级昆明小鼠,饲养在方形透明鼠笼中,保证充足的饮水和食物,实验前饲养2-3天,以适应实验环境,并观察其正常生长活动和健康状况。饲养前需要对小鼠的饲养房、笼具、饮水瓶等进行消毒,给药前禁食不禁水12小时。选用正常健康的小鼠20只,雌雄各半,体重18-22g,保证雌性未产、无孕。使用灌胃针对小鼠进行灌胃:将实施例4所得治疗食道癌的清热解毒剂稠膏剂用温水融化,将灌胃针由动物口角插入,一般进针深度2.5-3cm,每只小鼠灌胃0.3ml药液,给药后密切观察小鼠的反应,观察15天,试验动物未发现中毒表现、无死亡,解剖未明显异常,判断本发明治疗食道癌的清热解毒剂对小鼠急性毒性属实际无毒级。
长期毒性试验 选用SPF级昆明小鼠,饲养在方形透明鼠笼中,保证充足的饮水和食物,实验前饲养2-3天,以适应实验环境,并观察其正常生长活动和健康状况。饲养前需要对小鼠的饲养房、笼具、饮水瓶等进行消毒。给药前禁食不禁水12小时。选用正常健康的小鼠20只,雌雄各半,体重18-22g,同样保证雌性未产、无孕。服用实施例4所得治疗食道癌的清热解毒剂稠膏剂用温水融化,每只小鼠每天控制给药量1g,连续用药7周,停药3周后观察,给药期间每周称体重一次,可观察到饮水量食量均正常,体重增加,无死亡或濒死动物,小鼠的毛发、行为、大小便、脏器重量、血象、肝肾功能、血糖、血脂等指标均无明显影响,脏器肉眼没有发现异样变化。组织学检查结果表明,用药7周及停药3周后,小鼠各脏器均无明显改变,说明本发明治疗食道癌的清热解毒剂对小鼠长期用药后毒性非常小,停药后也没有异样反应,应用安全。
临床试验:为了验证实施例4所得的治疗食道癌的清热解毒剂稠膏剂的疗效,我们进行了对比试验。试验筛选食道癌患者200人(其中早期患者22人,中期患者75人、晚期患者103人),随机地分为对照组和实验组,其中实验组有150人,对照组有50人。实验组:服用实施例4所得治疗食道癌的清热解毒剂稠膏剂,每次10-15g,用35-40℃的温开水冲服,每日3次,20天一个疗程;对照组:采用其他治疗方案,比如手术或化疗等。我们每天同等时间,同等情况下用药,并同时观察、记录每小组病人的身体状况。疗效情况判定标准:显效:5个疗程后,疼痛消失,肿瘤消失或明显减小,食欲正常,精力充沛,恢复正常的工作和生活。好转:5个疗程后,疼痛明显减轻,食欲增加,精神状态有所恢复,肿瘤有所减小,但仍需继续治疗。无效:5个疗程后,症状未有任何改善,病情继续发展。其中有效包括显效和好转。对照组和实验组的疗效对比,具体情况如表1所示:
表1
疗效分析:从表1可以看出,无论是对于食道癌早期患者、食道癌中期患者还是食道癌晚期患者,服用本发明实施例4所得治疗食道癌的清热解毒剂稠膏剂的疗效远都比使用其他治疗方式的疗效好。其中,从有效率来看,对于早期患者,服用实施例4所得治疗食道癌的清热解毒剂稠膏剂高达93.8%,而使用其他治疗方式的仅为66.7%;对于中期患者,服用实施例4所得治疗食道癌的清热解毒剂稠膏剂的有效率高达94.7%,而使用其他治疗方式的仅为73.6%;对于晚期患者,服用实施例4所得治疗食道癌的清热解毒剂稠膏剂的有效率高达94.9%,而使用其他方式的仅为72%。而且服用实施例4所得治疗食道癌的清热解毒剂稠膏剂的显效率和好转率也比采用其他治疗方式的显效率和好转率高。实验表明服用实施例4所得治疗食道癌的清热解毒剂稠膏剂与采用其他治疗方式相比,其疗效大幅度提高,且治愈率高,无效率低。
最后应说明的是,实施例只是本发明最优的具体实施方式而已,并不用于限制本发明,尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.治疗食道癌的清热解毒剂,其特征是,取下述重量配比的主要原料制备而成:蒲公英20-30份;半枝莲15-25份;长春花3-6份;急性子10-20份;蜣螂9-16份;瓦楞子15-30份;葛根20-40份;蒲葵子8-16份;墓头回9-15份;朦石3-6份;白花蛇舌草8-15份;石首鱼鳔6-10份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的治疗食道癌的清热解毒剂,其特征是,取下述重量配比的主要原料制备而成:蒲公英23-27份;半枝莲18-22份;长春花4-5份;急性子13-17份;蜣螂11-14份;瓦楞子20-25份;葛根25-35份;蒲葵子11-13份;墓头回11-13份;朦石4-5份;白花蛇舌草10-13份;石首鱼鳔7-9份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的治疗食道癌的清热解毒剂,其特征是,取下述重量配比的主要原料制备而成:蒲公英25份;半枝莲20份;长春花4.5份;急性子15份;蜣螂12份;瓦楞子22份;葛根30份;蒲葵子12份;墓头回12份;朦石4.5份;白花蛇舌草12份;石首鱼鳔8份。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一所述的治疗食道癌的清热解毒剂,其特征在于,将该治疗食道癌的清热解毒剂制成药学上可接受的丸剂,制备方法是:
(1)将朦石置坩埚内,在无烟的炉火中煅至红透呈金黄色,取出,放凉,除去沙石,将礞石研碎;
(2)将石首鱼鳔洗净,沥干,用香油炸至酥脆,取出,研成粉末,过140-180目筛(优选的,过150-170目筛,更加优选的,过160目筛);
(3)在锅内铺好表芯纸,加水润湿,将急性子、蜣螂和蒲葵子铺在表芯纸上,文火加热至纸干起烟接近焦枯时,开始不断翻动急性子、蜣螂和蒲葵子20-30分钟(优选的,不断翻动急性子、蜣螂和蒲葵子23-27分钟,更加优选的,不断翻动急性子、蜣螂和蒲葵子25分钟),停止加热,冷却,粉碎,过100-140目筛(优选的,过110-130目筛,更加优选的,过120目筛);
(4)将瓦楞子打碎,置于砂锅中,煎煮40-60分钟(优选的,煎煮45-55分钟,更加优选的,煎煮50分钟),加入步骤(1)所得物、步骤(3)所得物、蒲公英、半枝莲、长春花、葛根、墓头回和白花蛇舌草,继续煎煮两次,每次煎煮20-40分钟(优选的,每次煎煮25-35分钟,更加优选的,每次煎煮30分钟),两次滤液合并,将所得滤液浓缩至原体积的1/2,加入步骤(2)所得物,混匀,浓缩(45℃)至相对密度为1.10-1.20(优选的,浓缩至相对密度为1.13-1.17,更加优选的,浓缩至相对密度为1.15),加入淀粉,混匀,制成手捏成团压之即散的软材,过80-120目筛(优选90-110目筛,更加优选100目筛),烘干,粉碎,得药粉;
(5)将蜂蜜置于锅内,用文火熬炼,等蜂蜜熬至粘稠状,掺入步骤(4)所得的药粉,充分拌匀成药膏,按中医传统制丸方法制成药丸(优选的,药丸的直径为3-5mm,更加优选的,药丸的直径为4mm),即得丸剂。
5.根据权利要求4所述的治疗食道癌的清热解毒剂的制备方法,其特征是:步骤(5)蜂蜜的用量是药粉质量的10%-20%(优选的,蜂蜜的用量是药粉质量的15%)。
6.根据权利要求1-3任一所述的治疗食道癌的清热解毒剂,其特征在于,将该治疗食道癌的清热解毒剂制成药学上可接受的汤剂,制备方法是:
(1)将朦石置坩埚内,在无烟的炉火中煅至红透呈金黄色,取出,放凉,除去沙石,将礞石研碎;
(2)将石首鱼鳔洗净,沥干,用香油炸至酥脆,取出,研成粉末,过140-180目筛(优选的,过150-170目筛,更加优选的,过160目筛);
(3)在锅内铺好表芯纸,加水润湿,将急性子、蜣螂和蒲葵子铺在表芯纸上,文火加热至纸干起烟接近焦枯时,开始不断翻动急性子、蜣螂和蒲葵子20-30分钟(优选的,不断翻动急性子、蜣螂和蒲葵子23-27分钟,更加优选的,不断翻动急性子、蜣螂和蒲葵子25分钟),停止加热,冷却,粉碎,过100-140目筛(优选的,过110-130目筛,更加优选的,过120目筛);
(4)将瓦楞子打碎,置于砂锅中,煎煮40-60分钟(优选的,煎煮45-55分钟,更加优选的,煎煮50分钟),加入步骤(1)所得物、步骤(3)所得物、蒲公英、半枝莲、长春花、葛根、墓头回和白花蛇舌草,继续煎煮两次,每次煎煮20-40分钟(优选的,每次煎煮25-35分钟,更加优选的,每次煎煮30分钟),两次滤液合并;
(5)将步骤(4)所得滤液浓缩至原体积的1/2,加入步骤(2)所得物以及单糖浆,混匀,高温杀菌20-40分钟(优选的,高温杀菌25-35分钟,更加优选的,高温杀菌30分钟),无菌封装。
7.根据权利要求6所述的治疗食道癌的清热解毒剂的制备方法,其特征是:步骤(5)单糖浆的用量是浓缩液质量的6%-10%(优选的,单糖浆的用量是浓缩液质量的8%)。
8.根据权利要求1-3任一所述的治疗食道癌的清热解毒剂,其特征在于,将该治疗食道癌的清热解毒剂制成药学上可接受的散剂,制备方法是:
(1)将朦石置坩埚内,在无烟的炉火中煅至红透呈金黄色,取出,放凉,除去沙石,将礞石研碎;
(2)将石首鱼鳔洗净,沥干,用香油炸至酥脆,取出,研成粉末,过140-180目筛(优选的,过150-170目筛,更加优选的,过160目筛);
(3)在锅内铺好表芯纸,加水润湿,将急性子、蜣螂和蒲葵子铺在表芯纸上,文火加热至纸干起烟接近焦枯时,开始不断翻动急性子、蜣螂和蒲葵子20-30分钟(优选的,不断翻动急性子、蜣螂和蒲葵子23-27分钟,更加优选的,不断翻动急性子、蜣螂和蒲葵子25分钟),停止加热,冷却,粉碎,过100-140目筛(优选的,过110-130目筛,更加优选的,过120目筛);
(4)将瓦楞子打碎,置于砂锅中,煎煮40-60分钟(优选的,煎煮45-55分钟,更加优选的,煎煮50分钟),加入步骤(1)所得物、步骤(3)所得物、蒲公英、半枝莲、长春花、葛根、墓头回和白花蛇舌草,继续煎煮两次,每次煎煮20-40分钟(优选的,每次煎煮25-35分钟,更加优选的,每次煎煮30分钟),两次滤液合并,浓缩(45℃)至相对密度为1.10-1.20(优选的,浓缩至相对密度为1.13-1.17,更加优选的,浓缩至相对密度为1.15),加入淀粉,混匀,制成手捏成团压之即散的软材,过80-120目筛(优选90-110目筛,更加优选100目筛),烘干,粉碎,得药粉;
(5)将步骤(2)和步骤(4)所得物混匀,得散剂。
9.根据权利要求1-3任一所述的治疗食道癌的清热解毒剂,其特征在于,将该治疗食道癌的清热解毒剂制成药学上可接受的稠膏剂,制备方法是:
(1)将朦石置坩埚内,在无烟的炉火中煅至红透呈金黄色,取出,放凉,除去沙石,将礞石研碎;
(2)将石首鱼鳔洗净,沥干,用香油炸至酥脆,取出,研成粉末,过140-180目筛(优选的,过150-170目筛,更加优选的,过160目筛);
(3)在锅内铺好表芯纸,加水润湿,将急性子、蜣螂和蒲葵子铺在表芯纸上,文火加热至纸干起烟接近焦枯时,开始不断翻动急性子、蜣螂和蒲葵子20-30分钟(优选的,不断翻动急性子、蜣螂和蒲葵子23-27分钟,更加优选的,不断翻动急性子、蜣螂和蒲葵子25分钟),停止加热,冷却,粉碎,过100-140目筛(优选的,过110-130目筛,更加优选的,过120目筛);
(4)将瓦楞子打碎,置于砂锅中,煎煮40-60分钟(优选的,煎煮45-55分钟,更加优选的,煎煮50分钟),加入步骤(1)所得物、步骤(3)所得物、蒲公英、半枝莲、长春花、葛根、墓头回和白花蛇舌草,继续煎煮两次,每次煎煮20-40分钟(优选的,每次煎煮25-35分钟,更加优选的,每次煎煮30分钟),两次滤液合并;
(5)将步骤(4)所得滤液浓缩至原体积的1/2,加入步骤(2)所得物,混匀,加入山梨酸,浓缩(25℃)至相对密度为1.20-1.30的稠膏(优选的,浓缩至相对密度为1.23-1.27的稠膏,更加优选的,浓缩至相对密度为1.25的稠膏),无菌封装。
10.根据权利要求9所述的治疗食道癌的清热解毒剂的制备方法,其特征是:步骤(5)山梨酸的用量是浓缩液质量的0.02%-0.04%(优选的,山梨酸的用量是浓缩液质量的0.03%)。
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