CN104487064B - 用于治疗肌萎缩性侧索硬化症的新组合物 - Google Patents
用于治疗肌萎缩性侧索硬化症的新组合物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104487064B CN104487064B CN201380011310.7A CN201380011310A CN104487064B CN 104487064 B CN104487064 B CN 104487064B CN 201380011310 A CN201380011310 A CN 201380011310A CN 104487064 B CN104487064 B CN 104487064B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- baclofen
- salt
- medicine
- acamprosate
- als
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 206010002026 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 138
- 229960004047 acamprosate Drugs 0.000 claims description 63
- 229960000794 baclofen Drugs 0.000 claims description 59
- AFCGFAGUEYAMAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N acamprosate Chemical compound CC(=O)NCCCS(O)(=O)=O AFCGFAGUEYAMAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 58
- KPYSYYIEGFHWSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Baclofen Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(CN)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 KPYSYYIEGFHWSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 51
- 229960004181 riluzole Drugs 0.000 claims description 45
- WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N L-glutamic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(O)=O WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 claims description 41
- 229930195712 glutamate Natural products 0.000 claims description 40
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 39
- FTALBRSUTCGOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Riluzole Chemical compound C1=C(OC(F)(F)F)C=C2SC(N)=NC2=C1 FTALBRSUTCGOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 38
- 229960005461 torasemide Drugs 0.000 claims description 35
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 29
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 claims description 28
- NGBFQHCMQULJNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Torsemide Chemical compound CC(C)NC(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C1=CN=CC=C1NC1=CC=CC(C)=C1 NGBFQHCMQULJNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 210000002161 motor neuron Anatomy 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000003405 delayed action preparation Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 208000005264 motor neuron disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 14
- 201000011240 Frontotemporal dementia Diseases 0.000 claims description 12
- 206010033799 Paralysis Diseases 0.000 claims description 12
- 208000032319 Primary lateral sclerosis Diseases 0.000 claims description 12
- 206010046298 Upper motor neurone lesion Diseases 0.000 claims description 12
- 201000010901 lateral sclerosis Diseases 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 201000000196 pseudobulbar palsy Diseases 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003252 repetitive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 210000003478 temporal lobe Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003694 hair properties Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 26
- 238000011284 combination treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 50
- 229960003315 cinacalcet Drugs 0.000 description 37
- VDHAWDNDOKGFTD-MRXNPFEDSA-N cinacalcet Chemical compound N([C@H](C)C=1C2=CC=CC=C2C=CC=1)CCCC1=CC=CC(C(F)(F)F)=C1 VDHAWDNDOKGFTD-MRXNPFEDSA-N 0.000 description 33
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 31
- 239000000651 prodrug Substances 0.000 description 28
- 229940002612 prodrug Drugs 0.000 description 28
- 241000699666 Mus <mouse, genus> Species 0.000 description 24
- 208000035475 disorder Diseases 0.000 description 24
- 229960003404 mexiletine Drugs 0.000 description 24
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 24
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 24
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 23
- -1 derivative Substances 0.000 description 23
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 23
- VLPIATFUUWWMKC-SNVBAGLBSA-N (2r)-1-(2,6-dimethylphenoxy)propan-2-amine Chemical compound C[C@@H](N)COC1=C(C)C=CC=C1C VLPIATFUUWWMKC-SNVBAGLBSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000013270 controlled release Methods 0.000 description 15
- 210000002569 neuron Anatomy 0.000 description 15
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000003826 tablet Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 10
- 230000004224 protection Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 8
- 102000019197 Superoxide Dismutase Human genes 0.000 description 7
- 108010012715 Superoxide dismutase Proteins 0.000 description 7
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 7
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 206010044565 Tremor Diseases 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000003501 co-culture Methods 0.000 description 6
- 210000003414 extremity Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000002633 protecting effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000002560 therapeutic procedure Methods 0.000 description 6
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000000540 analysis of variance Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000002648 combination therapy Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000001054 cortical effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000001976 improved effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000030214 innervation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002207 metabolite Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000002232 neuromuscular Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000825 pharmaceutical preparation Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 210000000278 spinal cord Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- WMBWREPUVVBILR-WIYYLYMNSA-N (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-o-gallate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1CC2=C(O)C=C(C=C2O[C@@H]1C=1C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=1)O)C(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 WMBWREPUVVBILR-WIYYLYMNSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-monostearoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- WMBWREPUVVBILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N GCG Natural products C=1C(O)=C(O)C(O)=CC=1C1OC2=CC(O)=CC(O)=C2CC1OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 WMBWREPUVVBILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920000168 Microcrystalline cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 241000699670 Mus sp. Species 0.000 description 4
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000008186 active pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002552 dosage form Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229940088679 drug related substance Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229940030275 epigallocatechin gallate Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 239000002502 liposome Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003094 microcapsule Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000019813 microcrystalline cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000008108 microcrystalline cellulose Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229940016286 microcrystalline cellulose Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 210000002241 neurite Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 4
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 238000001374 small-angle light scattering Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- DWNBOPVKNPVNQG-LURJTMIESA-N (2s)-4-hydroxy-2-(propylamino)butanoic acid Chemical class CCCN[C@H](C(O)=O)CCO DWNBOPVKNPVNQG-LURJTMIESA-N 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000001856 Ethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical compound CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 3
- HSHXDCVZWHOWCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N N'-hexadecylthiophene-2-carbohydrazide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCNNC(=O)c1cccs1 HSHXDCVZWHOWCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229930182555 Penicillin Natural products 0.000 description 3
- JGSARLDLIJGVTE-MBNYWOFBSA-N Penicillin G Chemical compound N([C@H]1[C@H]2SC([C@@H](N2C1=O)C(O)=O)(C)C)C(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 JGSARLDLIJGVTE-MBNYWOFBSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000011831 SOD1-G93A transgenic mouse Methods 0.000 description 3
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000000133 brain stem Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000034994 death Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004064 dysfunction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002255 enzymatic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000019325 ethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229920001249 ethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229940014259 gelatin Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000017 hydrogel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010979 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000001866 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920003088 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000007943 implant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 210000000936 intestine Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 238000007918 intramuscular administration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001990 intravenous administration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 201000000585 muscular atrophy Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000035772 mutation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 210000005036 nerve Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000004770 neurodegeneration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002674 ointment Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006072 paste Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008506 pathogenesis Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229940049954 penicillin Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229920001592 potato starch Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000000664 rectum Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 235000015424 sodium Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229940032147 starch Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 210000002784 stomach Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000000829 suppository Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000375 suspending agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003442 weekly effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+/-)-1,3-Butanediol Chemical compound CC(O)CCO PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LNAZSHAWQACDHT-XIYTZBAFSA-N (2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-dimethoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-3-[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5-trimethoxy-6-(methoxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6r)-4,5,6-trimethoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxane Chemical compound CO[C@@H]1[C@@H](OC)[C@H](OC)[C@@H](COC)O[C@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](OC)[C@@H](OC)[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](OC)[C@H](OC)O[C@@H]2COC)OC)O[C@@H]1COC LNAZSHAWQACDHT-XIYTZBAFSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QMNWXHSYPXQFSK-XCUBXKJBSA-N (6r)-6-n-propyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1,3-benzothiazole-2,6-diamine;dihydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.Cl.C1[C@H](NCCC)CCC2=C1SC(N)=N2 QMNWXHSYPXQFSK-XCUBXKJBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N (±)-α-Tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2OC(CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-diazinane-5-carboximidamide Chemical compound CN1CC(C(N)=N)C(=O)NC1=O IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VOXZDWNPVJITMN-ZBRFXRBCSA-N 17β-estradiol Chemical compound OC1=CC=C2[C@H]3CC[C@](C)([C@H](CC4)O)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 VOXZDWNPVJITMN-ZBRFXRBCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UEJJHQNACJXSKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione Chemical compound O=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)N1C1CCC(=O)NC1=O UEJJHQNACJXSKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YFGHCGITMMYXAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(diphenylmethyl)sulfinyl]acetamide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(S(=O)CC(=O)N)C1=CC=CC=C1 YFGHCGITMMYXAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000215068 Acacia senegal Species 0.000 description 2
- 101001011741 Bos taurus Insulin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000004219 Brain-derived neurotrophic factor Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000715 Brain-derived neurotrophic factor Proteins 0.000 description 2
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Carbamate Chemical compound NC([O-])=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 102100035882 Catalase Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010053835 Catalase Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 229920000858 Cyclodextrin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UGJMXCAKCUNAIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gabapentin Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1(CN)CCCCC1 UGJMXCAKCUNAIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108010072051 Glatiramer Acetate Proteins 0.000 description 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycine Chemical compound NCC(O)=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108010017080 Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102100039619 Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor Human genes 0.000 description 2
- ZRALSGWEFCBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Guanidine Chemical compound NC(N)=N ZRALSGWEFCBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000084 Gum arabic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 108090000723 Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102100037852 Insulin-like growth factor I Human genes 0.000 description 2
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010056677 Nerve degeneration Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 102000008763 Neurofilament Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010088373 Neurofilament Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 241001416149 Ovis ammon Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- RJKFOVLPORLFTN-LEKSSAKUSA-N Progesterone Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H](C(=O)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2 RJKFOVLPORLFTN-LEKSSAKUSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000700159 Rattus Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000700157 Rattus norvegicus Species 0.000 description 2
- 108700013394 SOD1 G93A Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 229920001800 Shellac Polymers 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000005392 Spasm Diseases 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MUMGGOZAMZWBJJ-DYKIIFRCSA-N Testostosterone Chemical compound O=C1CC[C@]2(C)[C@H]3CC[C@](C)([C@H](CC4)O)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 MUMGGOZAMZWBJJ-DYKIIFRCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102000005789 Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010019530 Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000010489 acacia gum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000205 acacia gum Substances 0.000 description 2
- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000783 alginic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960001126 alginic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 150000004781 alginic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010171 animal model Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000037058 blood plasma level Effects 0.000 description 2
- IXIBAKNTJSCKJM-BUBXBXGNSA-N bovine insulin Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@H]1CSSC[C@H]2C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=3C=CC(O)=CC=3)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=3C=CC(O)=CC=3)C(=O)N[C@@H](CSSC[C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=3C=CC(O)=CC=3)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=3NC=NC=3)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)CNC1=O)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(O)=O)=O)CSSC[C@@H](C(N2)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)CN)[C@@H](C)CC)C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(C)C)C1=CN=CN1 IXIBAKNTJSCKJM-BUBXBXGNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000011010 calcium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000004203 carnauba wax Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013869 carnauba wax Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000003710 cerebral cortex Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- RRGUKTPIGVIEKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cilostazol Chemical compound C=1C=C2NC(=O)CCC2=CC=1OCCCCC1=NN=NN1C1CCCCC1 RRGUKTPIGVIEKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960004588 cilostazol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940038717 copaxone Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- CVSVTCORWBXHQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N creatine Chemical compound NC(=[NH2+])N(C)CC([O-])=O CVSVTCORWBXHQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DDRJAANPRJIHGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N creatinine Chemical compound CN1CC(=O)NC1=N DDRJAANPRJIHGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007850 degeneration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000005911 diet Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- QLTXKCWMEZIHBJ-PJGJYSAQSA-N dizocilpine maleate Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O.C12=CC=CC=C2[C@]2(C)C3=CC=CC=C3C[C@H]1N2 QLTXKCWMEZIHBJ-PJGJYSAQSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960004242 dronabinol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229940000406 drug candidate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- QELUYTUMUWHWMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N edaravone Chemical compound O=C1CC(C)=NN1C1=CC=CC=C1 QELUYTUMUWHWMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003623 enhancer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009505 enteric coating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002702 enteric coating Substances 0.000 description 2
- NUVBSKCKDOMJSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylparaben Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 NUVBSKCKDOMJSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000004051 gastric juice Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 2
- UHUSDOQQWJGJQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycerol 1,2-dioctadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(CO)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC UHUSDOQQWJGJQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940075507 glyceryl monostearate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 2
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000338 in vitro Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001727 in vivo Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 2
- AGBQKNBQESQNJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lipoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC1CCSS1 AGBQKNBQESQNJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229960005321 mecobalamin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000004292 methyl p-hydroxybenzoate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010270 methyl p-hydroxybenzoate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- JEWJRMKHSMTXPP-BYFNXCQMSA-M methylcobalamin Chemical compound C[Co+]N([C@]1([H])[C@H](CC(N)=O)[C@]\2(CCC(=O)NC[C@H](C)OP(O)(=O)OC3[C@H]([C@H](O[C@@H]3CO)N3C4=CC(C)=C(C)C=C4N=C3)O)C)C/2=C(C)\C([C@H](C/2(C)C)CCC(N)=O)=N\C\2=C\C([C@H]([C@@]/2(CC(N)=O)C)CCC(N)=O)=N\C\2=C(C)/C2=N[C@]1(C)[C@@](C)(CC(N)=O)[C@@H]2CCC(N)=O JEWJRMKHSMTXPP-BYFNXCQMSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 235000007672 methylcobalamin Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011585 methylcobalamin Substances 0.000 description 2
- LXCFILQKKLGQFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylparaben Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 LXCFILQKKLGQFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229960001165 modafinil Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000001788 mono and diglycerides of fatty acids Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010172 mouse model Methods 0.000 description 2
- QNTASHOAVRSLMD-GYKMGIIDSA-N n-[(8s,9s,10r,13r,14s,17r)-10,13-dimethyl-17-[(2r)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-1,2,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ylidene]hydroxylamine Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=NO)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2 QNTASHOAVRSLMD-GYKMGIIDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GOQYKNQRPGWPLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-heptadecyl alcohol Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GOQYKNQRPGWPLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001537 neural effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000005044 neurofilament Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000004751 neurological system process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000000715 neuromuscular junction Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- HCZKYJDFEPMADG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nordihydroguaiaretic acid Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C(O)=CC=1CC(C)C(C)CC1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 HCZKYJDFEPMADG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000004940 nucleus Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000012346 open field test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008823 permeabilization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940023488 pill Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000006187 pill Substances 0.000 description 2
- HYAFETHFCAUJAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N pioglitazone Chemical compound N1=CC(CC)=CC=C1CCOC(C=C1)=CC=C1CC1C(=O)NC(=O)S1 HYAFETHFCAUJAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- ULWHHBHJGPPBCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-1,1-diol Chemical class CCC(O)O ULWHHBHJGPPBCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UDEWPOVQBGFNGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl benzoate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 UDEWPOVQBGFNGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KIDHWZJUCRJVML-UHFFFAOYSA-N putrescine Chemical compound NCCCCN KIDHWZJUCRJVML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001397 quillaja saponaria molina bark Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012744 reinforcing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930182490 saponin Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000007949 saponins Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- HFHDHCJBZVLPGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N schardinger α-dextrin Chemical compound O1C(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(O)C2O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC2C(O)C(O)C1OC2CO HFHDHCJBZVLPGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004208 shellac Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZLGIYFNHBLSMPS-ATJNOEHPSA-N shellac Chemical compound OCCCCCC(O)C(O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O.C1C23[C@H](C(O)=O)CCC2[C@](C)(CO)[C@@H]1C(C(O)=O)=C[C@@H]3O ZLGIYFNHBLSMPS-ATJNOEHPSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940113147 shellac Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000013874 shellac Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000010413 sodium alginate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000661 sodium alginate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940005550 sodium alginate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920001027 sodium carboxymethylcellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007909 solid dosage form Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FDDDEECHVMSUSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanilamide Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(S(N)(=O)=O)C=C1 FDDDEECHVMSUSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940124530 sulfonamide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007916 tablet composition Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008685 targeting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229960003433 thalidomide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 231100001274 therapeutic index Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 2
- DCXXMTOCNZCJGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tristearoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC DCXXMTOCNZCJGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 2
- HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N α-D-glucopyranosyl-α-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(CO)O1 HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KTGRHKOEFSJQNS-BDQAORGHSA-N (1s)-1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-3h-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile;oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O.C1([C@]2(C3=CC=C(C=C3CO2)C#N)CCCN(C)C)=CC=C(F)C=C1 KTGRHKOEFSJQNS-BDQAORGHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZUHIXXCLLBMBDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-iodo-5-nitrophenyl)-[1-[(1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)methyl]indol-3-yl]methanone Chemical compound CN1CCCCC1CN1C2=CC=CC=C2C(C(=O)C=2C(=CC=C(C=2)N(=O)=O)I)=C1 ZUHIXXCLLBMBDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZEQAPQNFHVYDEL-SGMGOOAPSA-N (2s)-1-[(2s)-3-(1h-imidazol-5-yl)-2-[[(2s)-5-oxopyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]propanoyl]-3,3-dimethylpyrrolidine-2-carboxamide Chemical compound NC(=O)[C@@H]1C(C)(C)CCN1C(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H]1NC(=O)CC1)CC1=CN=CN1 ZEQAPQNFHVYDEL-SGMGOOAPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SFVLTCAESLKEHH-WKAQUBQDSA-N (2s)-6-amino-2-[[(2s)-2-[[(2r)-2-amino-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoyl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylphenyl)propanoyl]amino]-n-[(2s)-1-amino-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]hexanamide Chemical compound CC1=CC(O)=CC(C)=C1C[C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](N)CCCN=C(N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@H](C(N)=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 SFVLTCAESLKEHH-WKAQUBQDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LJRDOKAZOAKLDU-UDXJMMFXSA-N (2s,3s,4r,5r,6r)-5-amino-2-(aminomethyl)-6-[(2r,3s,4r,5s)-5-[(1r,2r,3s,5r,6s)-3,5-diamino-2-[(2s,3r,4r,5s,6r)-3-amino-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-hydroxycyclohexyl]oxy-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl]oxyoxane-3,4-diol;sulfuric ac Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O.N[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](CN)O[C@@H]1O[C@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](N)C[C@@H](N)[C@@H]2O)O[C@@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)N)O[C@@H]1CO LJRDOKAZOAKLDU-UDXJMMFXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SGEIEGAXKLMUIZ-ZPTIMJQQSA-N (3e)-n-[(2r)-2-hydroxy-3-piperidin-1-ylpropoxy]-1-oxidopyridin-1-ium-3-carboximidoyl chloride Chemical compound C([C@H](O)CN1CCCCC1)O\N=C(\Cl)C1=CC=C[N+]([O-])=C1 SGEIEGAXKLMUIZ-ZPTIMJQQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SUHQNCLNRUAGOO-KQCZLNONSA-N (4s,5r,6r,7s,8r)-4,6,7,8,9-pentahydroxy-5-[(2-hydroxyacetyl)amino]-2-oxononanoic acid Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](NC(=O)CO)[C@@H](O)CC(=O)C(O)=O SUHQNCLNRUAGOO-KQCZLNONSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QZGBZPCDCMUFCW-FRVIMOPGSA-N (8s,10s,13s,14s,17s)-17-[2-[4-(2,6-dipyrrolidin-1-ylpyrimidin-4-yl)piperazin-1-yl]acetyl]-10,13-dimethyl-6,7,8,12,14,15,16,17-octahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one;methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O.O=C([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3C([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)=CC[C@@]21C)CN(CC1)CCN1C(N=1)=CC(N2CCCC2)=NC=1N1CCCC1 QZGBZPCDCMUFCW-FRVIMOPGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KQJSQWZMSAGSHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N (9beta,13alpha,14beta,20alpha)-3-hydroxy-9,13-dimethyl-2-oxo-24,25,26-trinoroleana-1(10),3,5,7-tetraen-29-oic acid Natural products CC12CCC3(C)C4CC(C)(C(O)=O)CCC4(C)CCC3(C)C2=CC=C2C1=CC(=O)C(O)=C2C KQJSQWZMSAGSHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MIOPJNTWMNEORI-GMSGAONNSA-N (S)-camphorsulfonic acid Chemical compound C1C[C@@]2(CS(O)(=O)=O)C(=O)C[C@@H]1C2(C)C MIOPJNTWMNEORI-GMSGAONNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108091032973 (ribonucleotides)n+m Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229940058015 1,3-butylene glycol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylsulfonylpiperidin-4-one Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)N1CCC(=O)CC1 RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BAXOFTOLAUCFNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-indazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=NNC2=C1 BAXOFTOLAUCFNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VILCJCGEZXAXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,2-tetramine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCN VILCJCGEZXAXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UQNAFPHGVPVTAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-Dihydroxy-6-nitro-7-sulfamoyl-benzo(f)quinoxaline Chemical compound N1C(=O)C(=O)NC2=C1C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C1=C2C=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)N UQNAFPHGVPVTAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WCOXQTXVACYMLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-bis(12-hydroxyoctadecanoyloxy)propyl 12-hydroxyoctadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCC(O)CCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC(O)CCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC(O)CCCCCC WCOXQTXVACYMLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZZIZZTHXZRDOFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-ethoxyphenoxy)ethyl-[1-(4-methoxy-3-sulfamoylphenyl)propan-2-yl]azanium;chloride Chemical compound Cl.CCOC1=CC=CC=C1OCCNC(C)CC1=CC=C(OC)C(S(N)(=O)=O)=C1 ZZIZZTHXZRDOFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FNLNSQHJKVQCBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-sulfanylpropyl)pentanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC(C(O)=O)CCCS FNLNSQHJKVQCBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VIDGYCPCUAITDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[2-[2-[carboxymethyl-[2-(2-dodecoxyethoxy)-2-oxoethyl]amino]phenoxy]ethoxy]-n-[2-(2-dodecoxyethoxy)-2-oxoethyl]anilino]acetic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOCCOC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)C1=CC=CC=C1OCCOC1=CC=CC=C1N(CC(O)=O)CC(=O)OCCOCCCCCCCCCCCC VIDGYCPCUAITDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YJIYWYAMZFVECX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[N-[2-(acetyloxymethoxy)-2-oxoethyl]-2-[2-[2-[bis[2-(acetyloxymethoxy)-2-oxoethyl]amino]phenoxy]ethoxy]anilino]acetic acid acetyloxymethyl ester Chemical compound CC(=O)OCOC(=O)CN(CC(=O)OCOC(C)=O)C1=CC=CC=C1OCCOC1=CC=CC=C1N(CC(=O)OCOC(C)=O)CC(=O)OCOC(C)=O YJIYWYAMZFVECX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JJBCTCGUOQYZHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-acetyloxybenzoate;(5-amino-1-carboxypentyl)azanium Chemical compound OC(=O)C(N)CCCC[NH3+].CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O JJBCTCGUOQYZHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HABROHXUHNHQMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxy-5-[[2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methylamino]benzoic acid Chemical compound C1=C(O)C(C(=O)O)=CC(NCC=2C(=C(F)C(=C(F)C=2F)C(F)(F)F)F)=C1 HABROHXUHNHQMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WLAMNBDJUVNPJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbutyric acid Chemical compound CCC(C)C(O)=O WLAMNBDJUVNPJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AZSNMRSAGSSBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 22,23-dihydroavermectin B1a Natural products C1CC(C)C(C(C)CC)OC21OC(CC=C(C)C(OC1OC(C)C(OC3OC(C)C(O)C(OC)C3)C(OC)C1)C(C)C=CC=C1C3(C(C(=O)O4)C=C(C)C(O)C3OC1)O)CC4C2 AZSNMRSAGSSBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SNKZJIOFVMKAOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-Aminopropanesulfonate Chemical compound NCCCS(O)(=O)=O SNKZJIOFVMKAOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXPZIVKEZRHGAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-benzyl-5-[(2-nitrophenoxy)methyl]oxolan-2-one Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC=C1OCC1OC(=O)C(CC=2C=CC=CC=2)C1 AXPZIVKEZRHGAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIAGMCDKSXEBJQ-IBGZPJMESA-N 3-o-(2-methoxyethyl) 5-o-propan-2-yl (4s)-2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate Chemical compound COCCOC(=O)C1=C(C)NC(C)=C(C(=O)OC(C)C)[C@H]1C1=CC=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1 UIAGMCDKSXEBJQ-IBGZPJMESA-N 0.000 description 1
- DPEUWKZJZIPZKE-OFANTOPUSA-N 330936-69-1 Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(O)=O)[C@@H](C)O)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(N)=N)NC(=O)[C@H]1N(CCC1)C(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCSC)C1=CC=CC=C1 DPEUWKZJZIPZKE-OFANTOPUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HOZUXBLMYUPGPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[(6,7-dimethoxyquinazolin-4-yl)amino]phenol Chemical compound C=12C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC2=NC=NC=1NC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 HOZUXBLMYUPGPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940090248 4-hydroxybenzoic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VCUVETGKTILCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide Chemical compound CC1(C)CCC=[N+]1[O-] VCUVETGKTILCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCVGEOXPDFCNHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5,5-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-oxazolidine-3-carboxamide Chemical compound CC1(C)OC(=O)N(C(N)=O)C1=O QCVGEOXPDFCNHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JTDYUFSDZATMKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-(1,3-dioxo-2-benzo[de]isoquinolinyl)-N-hydroxyhexanamide Chemical compound C1=CC(C(N(CCCCCC(=O)NO)C2=O)=O)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 JTDYUFSDZATMKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JICJBGPOMZQUBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7-[(3-chloro-6-methyl-5,5-dioxido-6,11-dihydrodibenzo[c,f][1,2]thiazepin-11-yl)amino]heptanoic acid Chemical compound O=S1(=O)N(C)C2=CC=CC=C2C(NCCCCCCC(O)=O)C2=CC=C(Cl)C=C21 JICJBGPOMZQUBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SPBDXSGPUHCETR-JFUDTMANSA-N 8883yp2r6d Chemical compound O1[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@@H](OC)C[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](OC)C[C@H](O[C@@H]2C(=C/C[C@@H]3C[C@@H](C[C@@]4(O[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC4)C(C)C)O3)OC(=O)[C@@H]3C=C(C)[C@@H](O)[C@H]4OC\C([C@@]34O)=C/C=C/[C@@H]2C)/C)O[C@H]1C.C1C[C@H](C)[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)O[C@@]21O[C@H](C\C=C(C)\[C@@H](O[C@@H]1O[C@@H](C)[C@H](O[C@@H]3O[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@@H](OC)C3)[C@@H](OC)C1)[C@@H](C)\C=C\C=C/1[C@]3([C@H](C(=O)O4)C=C(C)[C@@H](O)[C@H]3OC\1)O)C[C@H]4C2 SPBDXSGPUHCETR-JFUDTMANSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000275 Adrenocorticotropic Hormone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010088751 Albumins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000009027 Albumins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 239000012103 Alexa Fluor 488 Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012109 Alexa Fluor 568 Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102100032047 Alsin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101710187109 Alsin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100034452 Alternative prion protein Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 102100022987 Angiogenin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 241000416162 Astragalus gummifer Species 0.000 description 1
- 108091003079 Bovine Serum Albumin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- QLMMOGWZCFQAPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N CGP-3466 Chemical compound C#CCN(C)CC1=CC2=CC=CC=C2OC2=CC=CC=C12 QLMMOGWZCFQAPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VBGLYOIFKLUMQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cannabinol Chemical compound C1=C(C)C=C2C3=C(O)C=C(CCCCC)C=C3OC(C)(C)C2=C1 VBGLYOIFKLUMQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- AQKDBFWJOPNOKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Celastrol Natural products CC12CCC3(C)C4CC(C)(C(O)=O)CCC4(C)CCC3(C)C2=CC=C2C1=CC(=O)C(=O)C2C AQKDBFWJOPNOKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102100021809 Chorionic somatomammotropin hormone 1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010005939 Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100031614 Ciliary neurotrophic factor Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 241000005787 Cistanche Species 0.000 description 1
- 108020004705 Codon Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010046288 Colivelin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102400000739 Corticotropin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101800000414 Corticotropin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000020406 Creutzfeldt Jacob disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- CMSMOCZEIVJLDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclophosphamide Chemical compound ClCCN(CCCl)P1(=O)NCCCO1 CMSMOCZEIVJLDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000000634 Cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000365 Cytochrome-c oxidases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920001353 Dextrin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004375 Dextrin Substances 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CYQFCXCEBYINGO-DLBZAZTESA-N Dronabinol Natural products C1=C(C)CC[C@H]2C(C)(C)OC3=CC(CCCCC)=CC(O)=C3[C@H]21 CYQFCXCEBYINGO-DLBZAZTESA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000002322 Egg Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010000912 Egg Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000792859 Enema Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000896 Ethulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001859 Ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- DBVJJBKOTRCVKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Etidronic acid Chemical compound OP(=O)(O)C(O)(C)P(O)(O)=O DBVJJBKOTRCVKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010015548 Euthanasia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000001308 Fasciculation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102100024785 Fibroblast growth factor 2 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000379 Fibroblast growth factor 2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000000795 Galectin 1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010001498 Galectin 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000034826 Genetic Predisposition to Disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108091010837 Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000034615 Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 239000004471 Glycine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010051696 Growth Hormone Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100021866 Hepatocyte growth factor Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101000895818 Homo sapiens Chorionic somatomammotropin hormone 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000956228 Homo sapiens Chorionic somatomammotropin hormone 2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101500025419 Homo sapiens Epidermal growth factor Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000898034 Homo sapiens Hepatocyte growth factor Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000988651 Homo sapiens Humanin-like 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001076408 Homo sapiens Interleukin-6 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000836337 Homo sapiens Probable helicase senataxin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000868152 Homo sapiens Son of sevenless homolog 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000664887 Homo sapiens Superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000775932 Homo sapiens Vesicle-associated membrane protein-associated protein B/C Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010000521 Human Growth Hormone Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000002265 Human Growth Hormone Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 239000000854 Human Growth Hormone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000663 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004354 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002153 Hydroxypropyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 102000006992 Interferon-alpha Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010047761 Interferon-alpha Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000000646 Interleukin-3 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010002386 Interleukin-3 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- PWWVAXIEGOYWEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isophenergan Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N(CC(C)N(C)C)C3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 PWWVAXIEGOYWEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WTDRDQBEARUVNC-LURJTMIESA-N L-DOPA Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 WTDRDQBEARUVNC-LURJTMIESA-N 0.000 description 1
- WTDRDQBEARUVNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N L-Dopa Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 WTDRDQBEARUVNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AGPKZVBTJJNPAG-WHFBIAKZSA-N L-isoleucine Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@H](N)C(O)=O AGPKZVBTJJNPAG-WHFBIAKZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000111 LD50 Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- GDBQQVLCIARPGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Leupeptin Natural products CC(C)CC(NC(C)=O)C(=O)NC(CC(C)C)C(=O)NC(C=O)CCCN=C(N)N GDBQQVLCIARPGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010000817 Leuprolide Proteins 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical class COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000881 Modified starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 208000026072 Motor neurone disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241001529936 Murinae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000699660 Mus musculus Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000007101 Muscle Cramp Diseases 0.000 description 1
- KCWZGJVSDFYRIX-YFKPBYRVSA-N N(gamma)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester Chemical compound COC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCCN=C(N)N[N+]([O-])=O KCWZGJVSDFYRIX-YFKPBYRVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone Chemical compound C=CN1CCCC1=O WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CHJJGSNFBQVOTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methyl-guanidine Natural products CNC(N)=N CHJJGSNFBQVOTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010025020 Nerve Growth Factor Proteins 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PHVGLTMQBUFIQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nortryptiline Chemical compound C1CC2=CC=CC=C2C(=CCCNC)C2=CC=CC=C21 PHVGLTMQBUFIQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005480 Olmesartan Substances 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QSLJIVKCVHQPLV-PEMPUTJUSA-N Oxandrin Chemical compound C([C@@H]1CC2)C(=O)OC[C@]1(C)[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H]2CC[C@](C)(O)[C@@]2(C)CC1 QSLJIVKCVHQPLV-PEMPUTJUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCQWOFVYLHDMMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxazole Chemical compound C1=COC=N1 ZCQWOFVYLHDMMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000131316 Panax pseudoginseng Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005035 Panax pseudoginseng ssp. pseudoginseng Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000003140 Panax quinquefolius Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001710 Polyorthoester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 208000035992 Postmortem Changes Diseases 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108091000054 Prion Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100027178 Probable helicase senataxin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005700 Putrescine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000035977 Rare disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 101100273635 Rattus norvegicus Ccn5 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- CDMGBJANTYXAIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N SB 203580 Chemical compound C1=CC(S(=O)C)=CC=C1C1=NC(C=2C=CC(F)=CC=2)=C(C=2C=CN=CC=2)N1 CDMGBJANTYXAIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 201000001880 Sexual dysfunction Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108020004459 Small interfering RNA Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100038803 Somatotropin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OUUQCZGPVNCOIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Superoxide Chemical class [O-][O] OUUQCZGPVNCOIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 102100036011 T-cell surface glycoprotein CD4 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- CYQFCXCEBYINGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N THC Natural products C1=C(C)CCC2C(C)(C)OC3=CC(CCCCC)=CC(O)=C3C21 CYQFCXCEBYINGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QJJXYPPXXYFBGM-LFZNUXCKSA-N Tacrolimus Chemical compound C1C[C@@H](O)[C@H](OC)C[C@@H]1\C=C(/C)[C@@H]1[C@H](C)[C@@H](O)CC(=O)[C@H](CC=C)/C=C(C)/C[C@H](C)C[C@H](OC)[C@H]([C@H](C[C@H]2C)OC)O[C@@]2(O)C(=O)C(=O)N2CCCC[C@H]2C(=O)O1 QJJXYPPXXYFBGM-LFZNUXCKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JACAAXNEHGBPOQ-LLVKDONJSA-N Talampanel Chemical compound C([C@H](N(N=1)C(C)=O)C)C2=CC=3OCOC=3C=C2C=1C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 JACAAXNEHGBPOQ-LLVKDONJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BHTRKEVKTKCXOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Taurochenodesoxycholsaeure Natural products OC1CC2CC(O)CCC2(C)C2C1C1CCC(C(CCC(=O)NCCS(O)(=O)=O)C)C1(C)CC2 BHTRKEVKTKCXOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001615 Tragacanth Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 102000004887 Transforming Growth Factor beta Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090001012 Transforming Growth Factor beta Proteins 0.000 description 1
- HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-WSWWMNSNSA-N Trehalose Natural products O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-WSWWMNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GLNADSQYFUSGOU-GPTZEZBUSA-J Trypan blue Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].C1=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C2C=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C(/N=N/C3=CC=C(C=C3C)C=3C=C(C(=CC=3)\N=N\C=3C(=CC4=CC(=CC(N)=C4C=3O)S([O-])(=O)=O)S([O-])(=O)=O)C)=C(O)C2=C1N GLNADSQYFUSGOU-GPTZEZBUSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 108010057266 Type A Botulinum Toxins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100032026 Vesicle-associated membrane protein-associated protein B/C Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 229930003427 Vitamin E Natural products 0.000 description 1
- HQVHOQAKMCMIIM-HXUWFJFHSA-N WIN 55212-2 Chemical compound C([C@@H]1COC=2C=CC=C3C(C(=O)C=4C5=CC=CC=C5C=CC=4)=C(N1C3=2)C)N1CCOCC1 HQVHOQAKMCMIIM-HXUWFJFHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc dication Chemical compound [Zn+2] PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PRPAGESBURMWTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[F] Chemical compound [C].[F] PRPAGESBURMWTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZUAAPNNKRHMPKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;butanedioic acid;methanol;propane-1,2-diol Chemical compound OC.CC(O)=O.CC(O)CO.OC(=O)CCC(O)=O ZUAAPNNKRHMPKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000021736 acetylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006640 acetylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011360 adjunctive therapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000004279 alanine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000003295 alanine group Chemical group N[C@@H](C)C(=O)* 0.000 description 1
- 230000029936 alkylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005804 alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- SHGAZHPCJJPHSC-YCNIQYBTSA-N all-trans-retinoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C SHGAZHPCJJPHSC-YCNIQYBTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-LIZSDCNHSA-N alpha,alpha-trehalose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-LIZSDCNHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OYTKINVCDFNREN-UHFFFAOYSA-N amifampridine Chemical class NC1=CC=NC=C1N OYTKINVCDFNREN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PECIYKGSSMCNHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N aminophylline Chemical compound NCCN.O=C1N(C)C(=O)N(C)C2=NC=N[C]21.O=C1N(C)C(=O)N(C)C2=NC=N[C]21 PECIYKGSSMCNHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003556 aminophylline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002870 angiogenesis inducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010072788 angiogenin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous glutaric acid Natural products OC(=O)CCCC(O)=O JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000692 anti-sense effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- DFYRUELUNQRZTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N apocynin Chemical compound COC1=CC(C(C)=O)=CC=C1O DFYRUELUNQRZTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013011 aqueous formulation Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229950011582 arimoclomol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000003376 axonal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003851 azoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 102000055104 bcl-X Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108700000711 bcl-X Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 235000013871 bee wax Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012166 beeswax Substances 0.000 description 1
- XIWFQDBQMCDYJT-UHFFFAOYSA-M benzyl-dimethyl-tridecylazanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 XIWFQDBQMCDYJT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000004071 biological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001574 biopsy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004204 blood vessel Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229940089093 botox Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940098773 bovine serum albumin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000000481 breast Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000019437 butane-1,3-diol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000010216 calcium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZTGXAWYVTLUPDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N cannabidiol Natural products OC1=CC(CCCCC)=CC(O)=C1C1C(C(C)=C)CC=C(C)C1 ZTGXAWYVTLUPDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003453 cannabinol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000007963 capsule composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000021523 carboxylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006473 carboxylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- VAAUVRVFOQPIGI-SPQHTLEESA-N ceftriaxone Chemical compound S([C@@H]1[C@@H](C(N1C=1C(O)=O)=O)NC(=O)\C(=N/OC)C=2N=C(N)SC=2)CC=1CSC1=NC(=O)C(=O)NN1C VAAUVRVFOQPIGI-SPQHTLEESA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004755 ceftriaxone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KQJSQWZMSAGSHN-JJWQIEBTSA-N celastrol Chemical compound C([C@H]1[C@]2(C)CC[C@@]34C)[C@](C)(C(O)=O)CC[C@]1(C)CC[C@]2(C)C4=CC=C1C3=CC(=O)C(O)=C1C KQJSQWZMSAGSHN-JJWQIEBTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RZEKVGVHFLEQIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N celecoxib Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1C1=CC(C(F)(F)F)=NN1C1=CC=C(S(N)(=O)=O)C=C1 RZEKVGVHFLEQIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000590 celecoxib Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000007910 cell fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000010980 cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006217 cellulose acetate butyrate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 210000003169 central nervous system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000002144 chemical decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013626 chemical specie Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007910 chewable tablet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940068682 chewable tablet Drugs 0.000 description 1
- OEYIOHPDSNJKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N choline Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CCO OEYIOHPDSNJKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001231 choline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ACTIUHUUMQJHFO-UPTCCGCDSA-N coenzyme Q10 Chemical compound COC1=C(OC)C(=O)C(C\C=C(/C)CC\C=C(/C)CC\C=C(/C)CC\C=C(/C)CC\C=C(/C)CC\C=C(/C)CC\C=C(/C)CC\C=C(/C)CC\C=C(/C)CCC=C(C)C)=C(C)C1=O ACTIUHUUMQJHFO-UPTCCGCDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000019771 cognition Effects 0.000 description 1
- PTTAQOYOJJTWFD-IBAOLXMASA-N colivelin Chemical compound N([C@@H](C)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(O)=O)[C@@H](C)O)C(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1C(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(N)=N)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CO)[C@@H](C)CC PTTAQOYOJJTWFD-IBAOLXMASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 210000003618 cortical neuron Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- IDLFZVILOHSSID-OVLDLUHVSA-N corticotropin Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1NC=NC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C2=CC=CC=C2NC=1)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CO)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IDLFZVILOHSSID-OVLDLUHVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000258 corticotropin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960003624 creatine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000006046 creatine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006196 deacetylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003381 deacetylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- FMGSKLZLMKYGDP-USOAJAOKSA-N dehydroepiandrosterone Chemical compound C1[C@@H](O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@H]3CC[C@](C)(C(CC4)=O)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CC=C21 FMGSKLZLMKYGDP-USOAJAOKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CYQFCXCEBYINGO-IAGOWNOFSA-N delta1-THC Chemical compound C1=C(C)CC[C@H]2C(C)(C)OC3=CC(CCCCC)=CC(O)=C3[C@@H]21 CYQFCXCEBYINGO-IAGOWNOFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019425 dextrin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- AAOVKJBEBIDNHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N diazepam Chemical compound N=1CC(=O)N(C)C2=CC=C(Cl)C=C2C=1C1=CC=CC=C1 AAOVKJBEBIDNHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003529 diazepam Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000037213 diet Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000378 dietary effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- HSUGRBWQSSZJOP-RTWAWAEBSA-N diltiazem Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1[C@H]1[C@@H](OC(C)=O)C(=O)N(CCN(C)C)C2=CC=CC=C2S1 HSUGRBWQSSZJOP-RTWAWAEBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004166 diltiazem Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- SWSQBOPZIKWTGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylaminoamidine Natural products CN(C)C(N)=N SWSQBOPZIKWTGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007884 disintegrant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003937 drug carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012912 drug discovery process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000857 drug effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002651 drug therapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229950009041 edaravone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000014103 egg white Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000000969 egg white Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000007920 enema Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940095399 enema Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960004341 escitalopram Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WSEQXVZVJXJVFP-FQEVSTJZSA-N escitalopram Chemical compound C1([C@]2(C3=CC=C(C=C3CO2)C#N)CCCN(C)C)=CC=C(F)C=C1 WSEQXVZVJXJVFP-FQEVSTJZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960005309 estradiol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019326 ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004403 ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010228 ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol Natural products OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940009626 etidronate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007717 exclusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000003754 fetus Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007888 film coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009501 film coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960004038 fluvoxamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CJOFXWAVKWHTFT-XSFVSMFZSA-N fluvoxamine Chemical compound COCCCC\C(=N/OCCN)C1=CC=C(C(F)(F)F)C=C1 CJOFXWAVKWHTFT-XSFVSMFZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229960002870 gabapentin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000005021 gait Effects 0.000 description 1
- WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-tocopherol Natural products CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC1CCC2C(C)C(O)C(C)C(C)C2O1 WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002496 gastric effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001035 gastrointestinal tract Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000007903 gelatin capsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000008434 ginseng Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000001362 glutamatergic neuron Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 150000002306 glutamic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZDXPYRJPNDTMRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N glutamine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCC(N)=O ZDXPYRJPNDTMRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FETSQPAGYOVAQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N glyceryl palmitostearate Chemical compound OCC(O)CO.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O FETSQPAGYOVAQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940046813 glyceryl palmitostearate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930182470 glycoside Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002338 glycosides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- OQAHHWOPVDDWHD-INIZCTEOSA-N gpi-1046 Chemical compound CCC(C)(C)C(=O)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)OCCCC1=CC=CN=C1 OQAHHWOPVDDWHD-INIZCTEOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940094952 green tea extract Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000020688 green tea extract Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000122 growth hormone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001475 halogen functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000010224 hepatic metabolism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000010726 hind limb paralysis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229940116978 human epidermal growth factor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 102000011854 humanin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 239000000416 hydrocolloid Substances 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019447 hydroxyethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010977 hydroxypropyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001863 hydroxypropyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940031704 hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920003132 hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002649 immunization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003053 immunization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010185 immunofluorescence analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- CBVCZFGXHXORBI-PXQQMZJSSA-N indinavir Chemical compound C([C@H](N(CC1)C[C@@H](O)C[C@@H](CC=2C=CC=CC=2)C(=O)N[C@H]2C3=CC=CC=C3C[C@H]2O)C(=O)NC(C)(C)C)N1CC1=CC=CN=C1 CBVCZFGXHXORBI-PXQQMZJSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001936 indinavir Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000021005 inheritance pattern Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940076264 interleukin-3 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QRWOVIRDHQJFDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutyl cyanoacrylate Chemical compound CC(C)COC(=O)C(=C)C#N QRWOVIRDHQJFDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000310 isoleucine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- AGPKZVBTJJNPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoleucine Natural products CCC(C)C(N)C(O)=O AGPKZVBTJJNPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002418 ivermectin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108010074060 lecithinized superoxide dismutase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229960004942 lenalidomide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GOTYRUGSSMKFNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N lenalidomide Chemical compound C1C=2C(N)=CC=CC=2C(=O)N1C1CCC(=O)NC1=O GOTYRUGSSMKFNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JMPOIZCOJJMTHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N leteprinim Chemical compound C1=CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C1NC(=O)CCN1C(NC=NC2=O)=C2N=C1 JMPOIZCOJJMTHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950011566 leteprinim Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 231100000636 lethal dose Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- GDBQQVLCIARPGH-ULQDDVLXSA-N leupeptin Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@H](NC(C)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@H](C=O)CCCN=C(N)N GDBQQVLCIARPGH-ULQDDVLXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010052968 leupeptin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- GFIJNRVAKGFPGQ-LIJARHBVSA-N leuprolide Chemical compound CCNC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1C(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(N)=N)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1C2=CC=CC=C2NC=1)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1N=CNC=1)NC(=O)[C@H]1NC(=O)CC1)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 GFIJNRVAKGFPGQ-LIJARHBVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004338 leuprorelin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HPHUVLMMVZITSG-ZCFIWIBFSA-N levetiracetam Chemical compound CC[C@H](C(N)=O)N1CCCC1=O HPHUVLMMVZITSG-ZCFIWIBFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004002 levetiracetam Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940054157 lexapro Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000865 liniment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940040145 liniment Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019136 lipoic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004807 localization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006210 lotion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003141 lower extremity Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 206010025482 malaise Diseases 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- OAWZTKNCHQQRKF-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(3+);4-[10,15,20-tris(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin-22,24-diid-5-yl]benzoic acid Chemical compound [Mn+3].C1=CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C1C(C1=CC=C([N-]1)C(C=1C=CC(=CC=1)C(O)=O)=C1C=CC(=N1)C(C=1C=CC(=CC=1)C(O)=O)=C1C=CC([N-]1)=C1C=2C=CC(=CC=2)C(O)=O)=C2N=C1C=C2 OAWZTKNCHQQRKF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000000873 masking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- INWLQCZOYSRPNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N mepivacaine Chemical compound CN1CCCCC1C(=O)NC1=C(C)C=CC=C1C INWLQCZOYSRPNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002409 mepivacaine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002503 metabolic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000037323 metabolic rate Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940117841 methacrylic acid copolymer Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920003145 methacrylic acid copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940098779 methanesulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NXMXPVQZFYYPGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate;methyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C.COC(=O)C(C)=C NXMXPVQZFYYPGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004005 microsphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- DYKFCLLONBREIL-KVUCHLLUSA-N minocycline Chemical compound C([C@H]1C2)C3=C(N(C)C)C=CC(O)=C3C(=O)C1=C(O)[C@@]1(O)[C@@H]2[C@H](N(C)C)C(O)=C(C(N)=O)C1=O DYKFCLLONBREIL-KVUCHLLUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004023 minocycline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003068 molecular probe Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000663 muscle cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000004118 muscle contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003387 muscular Effects 0.000 description 1
- PWDYHMBTPGXCSN-VCBMUGGBSA-N n,n'-bis[3,5-bis[(e)-n-(diaminomethylideneamino)-c-methylcarbonimidoyl]phenyl]decanediamide Chemical compound NC(N)=N/N=C(\C)C1=CC(C(=N/N=C(N)N)/C)=CC(NC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(=O)NC=2C=C(C=C(C=2)C(\C)=N\N=C(N)N)C(\C)=N\N=C(N)N)=C1 PWDYHMBTPGXCSN-VCBMUGGBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OHDXDNUPVVYWOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methyl-1-(2-naphthalen-1-ylsulfanylphenyl)methanamine Chemical compound CNCC1=CC=CC=C1SC1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12 OHDXDNUPVVYWOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000003928 nasal cavity Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000032405 negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- GVUGOAYIVIDWIO-UFWWTJHBSA-N nepidermin Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C2=CC=CC=C2NC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C2=CC=CC=C2NC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(O)=O)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CS)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CS)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)NC(=O)[C@H](CCSC)NC(=O)[C@H](CS)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1NC=NC=1)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CS)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1NC=NC=1)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H]1N(CCC1)C(=O)[C@H](CS)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(N)=O)C(C)C)[C@@H](C)CC)C(C)C)C(C)C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 GVUGOAYIVIDWIO-UFWWTJHBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000003061 neural cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 208000015122 neurodegenerative disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000000626 neurodegenerative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000926 neurological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000016273 neuron death Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004112 neuroprotection Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- HYWYRSMBCFDLJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N nimesulide Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)NC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1OC1=CC=CC=C1 HYWYRSMBCFDLJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000715 nimodipine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013546 non-drug therapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- VIKNJXKGJWUCNN-XGXHKTLJSA-N norethisterone Chemical compound O=C1CC[C@@H]2[C@H]3CC[C@](C)([C@](CC4)(O)C#C)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 VIKNJXKGJWUCNN-XGXHKTLJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001158 nortriptyline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000474 nursing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003883 ointment base Substances 0.000 description 1
- KVWDHTXUZHCGIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N olanzapine Chemical compound C1CN(C)CCN1C1=NC2=CC=CC=C2NC2=C1C=C(C)S2 KVWDHTXUZHCGIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960005017 olanzapine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QNTASHOAVRSLMD-FCARAQADSA-N olesoxime Chemical compound C1CC2=C\C(=N/O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2 QNTASHOAVRSLMD-FCARAQADSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950001051 olesoxime Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004006 olive oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000008390 olive oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VTRAEEWXHOVJFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N olmesartan Chemical compound CCCC1=NC(C(C)(C)O)=C(C(O)=O)N1CC1=CC=C(C=2C(=CC=CC=2)C=2NN=NN=2)C=C1 VTRAEEWXHOVJFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960005117 olmesartan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960000464 oxandrolone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002638 palliative care Methods 0.000 description 1
- CWODDUGJZSCNGB-HQNRRURTSA-N palytoxin Chemical compound O([C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CCCCC[C@H](C)C[C@@H]2[C@@]3(C)C[C@H](C)C[C@@](O3)(CCCCCCC[C@H](O)C[C@@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@](O)(C[C@H](O)[C@@H](C)\C=C\[C@@H](O)CC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]4O[C@H](C[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)C[C@@H]5[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C[C@H](O)\C=C/C=C/C[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)C\C=C/C(=C)CC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](C)C[C@@H]6[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](\C=C/[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)C[C@H]7O[C@H]8C[C@H](O[C@@H]8CC[C@@H]8[C@@H](C[C@@H](CN)O8)O)C7)O6)O)O5)O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)C4)O3)O)O2)[C@H](C[C@H](O)[C@H](O)C(\C)=C\[C@H](O)C[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)C(=O)N\C=C\C(=O)NCCCO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O CWODDUGJZSCNGB-HQNRRURTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960005548 palytoxin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940014662 pantothenate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019161 pantothenic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011713 pantothenic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N papa-hydroxy-benzoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003950 pathogenic mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001575 pathological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007170 pathology Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003961 penetration enhancing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960001639 penicillamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940124531 pharmaceutical excipient Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002974 pharmacogenomic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960005095 pioglitazone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000036470 plasma concentration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011505 plaster Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000729 poly(L-lysine) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000747 poly(lactic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001610 polycaprolactone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940100467 polyvinyl acetate phthalate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000013641 positive control Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960003089 pramipexole Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FASDKYOPVNHBLU-ZETCQYMHSA-N pramipexole Chemical compound C1[C@@H](NCCC)CCC2=C1SC(N)=N2 FASDKYOPVNHBLU-ZETCQYMHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950010601 pramipexole dihydrochloride monohydrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- XOFYZVNMUHMLCC-ZPOLXVRWSA-N prednisone Chemical compound O=C1C=C[C@]2(C)[C@H]3C(=O)C[C@](C)([C@@](CC4)(O)C(=O)CO)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 XOFYZVNMUHMLCC-ZPOLXVRWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035935 pregnancy Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000000186 progesterone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960003387 progesterone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 201000002241 progressive bulbar palsy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000008752 progressive muscular atrophy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000011321 prophylaxis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004040 pyrrolidinones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LOUPRKONTZGTKE-LHHVKLHASA-N quinidine Chemical compound C([C@H]([C@H](C1)C=C)C2)C[N@@]1[C@H]2[C@@H](O)C1=CC=NC2=CC=C(OC)C=C21 LOUPRKONTZGTKE-LHHVKLHASA-N 0.000 description 1
- RUOKEQAAGRXIBM-GFCCVEGCSA-N rasagiline Chemical compound C1=CC=C2[C@H](NCC#C)CCC2=C1 RUOKEQAAGRXIBM-GFCCVEGCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000245 rasagiline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000011514 reflex Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930002330 retinoic acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 108010074523 rimabotulinumtoxinB Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960000371 rofecoxib Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RZJQGNCSTQAWON-UHFFFAOYSA-N rofecoxib Chemical compound C1=CC(S(=O)(=O)C)=CC=C1C1=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C(=O)OC1 RZJQGNCSTQAWON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MEZLKOACVSPNER-GFCCVEGCSA-N selegiline Chemical compound C#CCN(C)[C@H](C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 MEZLKOACVSPNER-GFCCVEGCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003946 selegiline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950011005 semapimod Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002073 sertraline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VGKDLMBJGBXTGI-SJCJKPOMSA-N sertraline Chemical compound C1([C@@H]2CC[C@@H](C3=CC=CC=C32)NC)=CC=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1 VGKDLMBJGBXTGI-SJCJKPOMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000002966 serum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 231100000872 sexual dysfunction Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005573 silicon-containing polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 210000003491 skin Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000002460 smooth muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000001057 smooth muscle myoblast Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910001467 sodium calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960004532 somatropin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000002320 spinal muscular atrophy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- HJSQVJOROCIILI-UHFFFAOYSA-N ssr-180,575 Chemical compound O=C1C=2N(C)C3=CC(Cl)=CC=C3C=2C(CC(=O)N(C)C)=NN1C1=CC=CC=C1 HJSQVJOROCIILI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011550 stock solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007920 subcutaneous administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229960005137 succinic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002511 suppository base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009182 swimming Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000946 synaptic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960001967 tacrolimus Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QJJXYPPXXYFBGM-SHYZHZOCSA-N tacrolimus Natural products CO[C@H]1C[C@H](CC[C@@H]1O)C=C(C)[C@H]2OC(=O)[C@H]3CCCCN3C(=O)C(=O)[C@@]4(O)O[C@@H]([C@H](C[C@H]4C)OC)[C@@H](C[C@H](C)CC(=C[C@@H](CC=C)C(=O)C[C@H](O)[C@H]2C)C)OC QJJXYPPXXYFBGM-SHYZHZOCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950004608 talampanel Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012222 talc Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960003198 tamsulosin hydrochloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BHTRKEVKTKCXOH-LBSADWJPSA-N tauroursodeoxycholic acid Chemical compound C([C@H]1C[C@@H]2O)[C@H](O)CC[C@]1(C)[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H]2CC[C@H]([C@@H](CCC(=O)NCCS(O)(=O)=O)C)[C@@]2(C)CC1 BHTRKEVKTKCXOH-LBSADWJPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003604 testosterone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZRKFYGHZFMAOKI-QMGMOQQFSA-N tgfbeta Chemical compound C([C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(N)=N)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCSC)C(C)C)[C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(O)=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 ZRKFYGHZFMAOKI-QMGMOQQFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002663 thioctic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960005138 tianeptine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013271 transdermal drug delivery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011830 transgenic mouse model Methods 0.000 description 1
- IUCJMVBFZDHPDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N tretamine Chemical compound C1CN1C1=NC(N2CC2)=NC(N2CC2)=N1 IUCJMVBFZDHPDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001124 trientine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000004291 uterus Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000001215 vagina Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000028973 vesicle-mediated transport Effects 0.000 description 1
- OGWKCGZFUXNPDA-XQKSVPLYSA-N vincristine Chemical compound C([N@]1C[C@@H](C[C@]2(C(=O)OC)C=3C(=CC4=C([C@]56[C@H]([C@@]([C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@]7(CC)C=CCN([C@H]67)CC5)(O)C(=O)OC)N4C=O)C=3)OC)C[C@@](C1)(O)CC)CC1=C2NC2=CC=CC=C12 OGWKCGZFUXNPDA-XQKSVPLYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004528 vincristine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- OGWKCGZFUXNPDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N vincristine Natural products C1C(CC)(O)CC(CC2(C(=O)OC)C=3C(=CC4=C(C56C(C(C(OC(C)=O)C7(CC)C=CCN(C67)CC5)(O)C(=O)OC)N4C=O)C=3)OC)CN1CCC1=C2NC2=CC=CC=C12 OGWKCGZFUXNPDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019165 vitamin E Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940046009 vitamin E Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011709 vitamin E Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- WJJYZXPHLSLMGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N xaliproden Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=CC=CC(C=2CCN(CCC=3C=C4C=CC=CC4=CC=3)CC=2)=C1 WJJYZXPHLSLMGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004664 xaliproden Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UZBODILCSLUHQR-JLMRSGIVSA-N zenvia Chemical compound C([C@@H]12)CCC[C@]11CCN(C)[C@H]2CC2=CC=C(OC)C=C21.C1C([C@H](C2)C=C)CCN2[C@H]1[C@@H](O)C1=CC=NC2=CC=C(OC)C=C21 UZBODILCSLUHQR-JLMRSGIVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940032912 zephiran Drugs 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/13—Amines
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/13—Amines
- A61K31/135—Amines having aromatic rings, e.g. ketamine, nortriptyline
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/13—Amines
- A61K31/135—Amines having aromatic rings, e.g. ketamine, nortriptyline
- A61K31/137—Arylalkylamines, e.g. amphetamine, epinephrine, salbutamol, ephedrine or methadone
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/13—Amines
- A61K31/135—Amines having aromatic rings, e.g. ketamine, nortriptyline
- A61K31/138—Aryloxyalkylamines, e.g. propranolol, tamoxifen, phenoxybenzamine
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/13—Amines
- A61K31/155—Amidines (), e.g. guanidine (H2N—C(=NH)—NH2), isourea (N=C(OH)—NH2), isothiourea (—N=C(SH)—NH2)
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/16—Amides, e.g. hydroxamic acids
- A61K31/165—Amides, e.g. hydroxamic acids having aromatic rings, e.g. colchicine, atenolol, progabide
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/185—Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/185—Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
- A61K31/19—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
- A61K31/192—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having aromatic groups, e.g. sulindac, 2-aryl-propionic acids, ethacrynic acid
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/185—Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
- A61K31/19—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
- A61K31/195—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having an amino group
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/185—Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
- A61K31/19—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
- A61K31/195—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having an amino group
- A61K31/197—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having an amino group the amino and the carboxyl groups being attached to the same acyclic carbon chain, e.g. gamma-aminobutyric acid [GABA], beta-alanine, epsilon-aminocaproic acid or pantothenic acid
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/185—Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
- A61K31/19—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
- A61K31/195—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having an amino group
- A61K31/197—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having an amino group the amino and the carboxyl groups being attached to the same acyclic carbon chain, e.g. gamma-aminobutyric acid [GABA], beta-alanine, epsilon-aminocaproic acid or pantothenic acid
- A61K31/198—Alpha-amino acids, e.g. alanine or edetic acid [EDTA]
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/21—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates
- A61K31/215—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids
- A61K31/216—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids of acids having aromatic rings, e.g. benactizyne, clofibrate
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/21—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates
- A61K31/215—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids
- A61K31/235—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids having an aromatic ring attached to a carboxyl group
- A61K31/24—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids having an aromatic ring attached to a carboxyl group having an amino or nitro group
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/21—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates
- A61K31/27—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carbamic or thiocarbamic acids, meprobamate, carbachol, neostigmine
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/335—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin
- A61K31/34—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having five-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. isosorbide
- A61K31/343—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having five-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. isosorbide condensed with a carbocyclic ring, e.g. coumaran, bufuralol, befunolol, clobenfurol, amiodarone
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/335—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin
- A61K31/35—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/352—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. methantheline
- A61K31/353—3,4-Dihydrobenzopyrans, e.g. chroman, catechin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/40—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil
- A61K31/403—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. carbazole
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/40—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil
- A61K31/403—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. carbazole
- A61K31/404—Indoles, e.g. pindolol
- A61K31/4045—Indole-alkylamines; Amides thereof, e.g. serotonin, melatonin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
- A61K31/415—1,2-Diazoles
- A61K31/416—1,2-Diazoles condensed with carbocyclic ring systems, e.g. indazole
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
- A61K31/4164—1,3-Diazoles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
- A61K31/4164—1,3-Diazoles
- A61K31/4178—1,3-Diazoles not condensed 1,3-diazoles and containing further heterocyclic rings, e.g. pilocarpine, nitrofurantoin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
- A61K31/4164—1,3-Diazoles
- A61K31/4184—1,3-Diazoles condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. benzimidazoles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
- A61K31/42—Oxazoles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
- A61K31/42—Oxazoles
- A61K31/421—1,3-Oxazoles, e.g. pemoline, trimethadione
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
- A61K31/425—Thiazoles
- A61K31/428—Thiazoles condensed with carbocyclic rings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
- A61K31/4402—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof only substituted in position 2, e.g. pheniramine, bisacodyl
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
- A61K31/4422—1,4-Dihydropyridines, e.g. nifedipine, nicardipine
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
- A61K31/445—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
- A61K31/445—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine
- A61K31/4458—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine only substituted in position 2, e.g. methylphenidate
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
- A61K31/445—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine
- A61K31/4523—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine containing further heterocyclic ring systems
- A61K31/4525—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a five-membered ring with oxygen as a ring hetero atom
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/47—Quinolines; Isoquinolines
- A61K31/48—Ergoline derivatives, e.g. lysergic acid, ergotamine
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/47—Quinolines; Isoquinolines
- A61K31/485—Morphinan derivatives, e.g. morphine, codeine
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
- A61K31/505—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
- A61K31/505—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim
- A61K31/506—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim not condensed and containing further heterocyclic rings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
- A61K31/505—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim
- A61K31/519—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic rings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/55—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having seven-membered rings, e.g. azelastine, pentylenetetrazole
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/55—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having seven-membered rings, e.g. azelastine, pentylenetetrazole
- A61K31/551—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having seven-membered rings, e.g. azelastine, pentylenetetrazole having two nitrogen atoms, e.g. dilazep
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/55—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having seven-membered rings, e.g. azelastine, pentylenetetrazole
- A61K31/551—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having seven-membered rings, e.g. azelastine, pentylenetetrazole having two nitrogen atoms, e.g. dilazep
- A61K31/5513—1,4-Benzodiazepines, e.g. diazepam or clozapine
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/64—Sulfonylureas, e.g. glibenclamide, tolbutamide, chlorpropamide
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及用于治疗肌萎缩性侧索硬化症的组合物和方法。更具体而言,本发明涉及用于治疗肌萎缩性侧索硬化症或相关障碍的新颖的组合疗法。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及用于治疗肌萎缩性侧索硬化症及相关障碍的组合物与方法。更具体而言,本发明涉及用于治疗肌萎缩性侧索硬化症及相关障碍的新型组合疗法。
发明背景
肌萎缩性侧索硬化症(ALS),也称为路格里克氏病,是最常见的成人运动神经元疾病。该病由法国神经专家Jean-Martin Charcot在1869年首次描述。这种疾病的特征是运动神经元的退化与死亡,导致全身乏力和肌肉萎缩。疾病的进程是无情地渐进的,50%的患者在发病的3年内死亡。ALS表现为一种罕见的疾病,患病率每年每100000人4-6例,发病率每年每100000人1-2例。
大多数病例(90%)分类为偶发ALS(SALS),其余10%是遗传的,称为家族性ALS(FALS),具有孟德尔遗传模式。从临床的角度来看,家族(FALS)和偶发(SALS)病例彼此无法区分,除了SALS的平均发病年龄比FALS晚10年(56岁对46岁)[1]。大多数ALS病例的原因未知,临床病程高度可变,表明多个因素构成疾病机理的基础。个别治疗方法是可用的。
这种疾病的标志是位于脑干、运动神经皮层和脊髓中的运动神经元的选择性死亡,导致随意肌麻痹。这种麻痹局灶性开始并以表明退化在连续的运动神经元池中扩展的模式扩散。当隔膜控制变弱并丧失呼吸能力时,通常导致死亡。
ALS的特征在于下运动神经元和上运动神经元的功能障碍的进行性表现。下运动神经元将脑干和脊髓连接到肌肉纤维。其功能障碍导致肌肉萎缩、痉挛和肌束震颤(小的、局部的不随意肌收缩)。上运动神经元源于大脑皮质或脑干的运动区域,运载运动信息至直接响应的运动神经元以刺激目标肌肉。它们的功能障碍导致痉挛(干扰步态、运动和语音的持续的肌肉收缩)和病理反射[2]。其它相关的运动神经元疾病通常通过受损的神经细胞的类型来区分,即上运动神经元或下运动神经元:它们被称为原发性侧索硬化症(PLS)、进行性肌萎缩症(PMA)、假延髓病型麻痹和进行性延髓性麻痹(PBP)。
ALS的诊断基于临床症状,由神经科医生基于病史、神经元缺失的分布以及某些特征细胞学变化的发现来建立。但是,并无可用的ALS的明确诊断测试。临床特征根据受影响的神经区域(其为延髓、颈和腰椎)划分。
如已经提到的那样,ALS的退化主要影响运动系统。但是,最近也报道了认知和行为以及感觉的症状[3,4],并且存在额颞叶痴呆(FTD)与ALS之间在临床与病理上重叠的证据[17]。
一些弱的证据表明,ALS发病可能由推定的环境因素触发[5-6]。
已经报道了几种突变的基因或基因组区域引发或使得易患ALS以及ALS及额颞叶痴呆(FTD)[7-9]。例如,所有FALS病例的大约20至25%和SALS病例的大约1%因超氧化物歧化酶SOD1的突变而发生[10]。用不一定会造成均匀表型的相同SOD1突变获得了在同一家庭中的多种临床表现。在酶活性、临床进展与疾病表型之间没有明显的相关性。但是,无论突变是什么,疾病的周期是类似的。在历史上,发现SOD1突变导致ALS的第一动物模型的产生。它们开发了非常类似于人类ALS的运动神经元疾病[11-12]。在涉及ALS或相关运动神经元疾病发展的其它基因中,可以提到以下基因:alsin,一种Rab5A的交换因子[13],senataxin,可能涉及RNA加工,调节囊泡运输的VAPB蛋白,主要的轴突逆行马达蛋白——动力蛋白激活蛋白,细胞色素C氧化酶和异亮氨酸tRNA合成酶的线粒体基因[14-15],血管生成调节剂VEGF和血管生成素[16]。
ALS是一种复杂的疾病,具有多种成因并且涉及该疾病发病机理的确切机理尚未解决。这对于发现有效的药物疗法形成了挑战。临床试验表明,在ALS中通过利鲁唑可以适度延长生存而非功能[18]。尽管如此,利鲁唑目前是唯一批准的药物和唯一已知的ALS疗法。关于疾病的严重程度,因此将其作为疾病修饰化合物施用于所有患有ALS的患者。
WO 2009/133128、WO 2009/133141、WO 2009/133142、WO 2011/054759、WO 2009/068668和WO 2009/153291公开了几种神经退行性疾病,尤其是ALS的潜在治疗方法。
首次试图建立对非药物疗法的指导方针。但是,标准仍基于专家意见并在各国之间存在差异。
因此,在本领域仍然强烈需要用于治疗肌萎缩性侧索硬化症的新颖有效的疗法。
发明概述
本发明提供了用于治疗ALS及相关障碍的新颖的组合物与方法。本发明尤其源于识别向患有ALS的对象提供改善的治疗效果和临床益处的药物组合。
更特别地,本发明的目的涉及一种用于治疗ALS或相关障碍的组合物,包含选自阿坎酸、巴氯芬、西那卡塞、美西律、磺胺异噁唑和托拉塞米,或其任意化学纯度的盐、前药、衍生物,或缓释制剂的至少两种药物。
本发明的又一目的是用于治疗需要其的对象的ALS或相关障碍的方法,包括向该对象施用至少两种药物,所述药物选自阿坎酸、巴氯芬、西那卡塞、美西律、磺胺异噁唑和托拉塞米、或其任意化学纯度的盐、前药、衍生物,或缓释制剂。
用于本发明的药物组合的优选实例包括例如巴氯芬和阿坎酸;托拉塞米和巴氯芬;巴氯芬和西那卡塞;托拉塞米和磺胺异噁唑;美西律和西那卡塞;或巴氯芬和阿坎酸和托拉塞米。
在本发明的特定实施方案中,该组合物进一步包含利鲁唑,或其任意化学纯度的盐、前药、衍生物,或缓释制剂。
本发明的组合物可以进一步包含一种或几种可药用载体或赋形剂,并且它们可以重复施用给对象。优选的组合物是口服给药的。此外,该药物可以一起、单独地或相继地配制或给药。
本发明适于治疗在疾病的任何阶段的任何哺乳动物对象,特别是人类对象的ALS。本发明可用于延缓疾病的发展,减轻、延迟或预防麻痹、运动神经元退化和/或疼痛,和/或提高存活率。
附图说明
图1:巴氯芬与阿坎酸组合疗法针对谷氨酸盐对神经元皮层细胞的毒性的效果。通过巴氯芬(400nM)和阿坎酸(1.6nM)的组合显著防止了谷氨酸盐中毒,然而,在那些浓度下,单独的巴氯芬和阿坎酸对中毒没有显著效果。*:p<0.001,显著不同于谷氨酸盐中毒;(ANOVA+Dunnett Post-Hoc试验)。
图2:巴氯芬与阿坎酸组合疗法针对在神经-肌肉细胞共培养模型中对运动单位的数量(A)、面积(B)和神经突长度(C)的谷氨酸盐(GLU)毒性的效果。无论所考虑的终点如何,通过巴氯芬(BCL,80nM)和阿坎酸(ACP,0.32nM)的组合显著防止了谷氨酸盐中毒,然而,在那些浓度下,单独的巴氯芬和阿坎酸对中毒没有显著效果。*:p<0.05,显著不同于谷氨酸盐中毒;(ANOVA+Dunnett Post-Hoc试验)。
图3:西那卡塞与美西律组合疗法针对谷氨酸盐对神经元皮层细胞的毒性的效果。通过西那卡塞(64pM)和美西律(25.6pM)的组合显著防止了谷氨酸盐中毒,然而,在那些浓度下,单独的西那卡塞和美西律对中毒没有显著效果。*:p<0.001,显著不同于谷氨酸盐中毒;(ANOVA+Dunnett Post-Hoc试验)。
图4:磺胺异噁唑与托拉塞米组合疗法针对谷氨酸盐对神经元皮层细胞的毒性的效果。通过磺胺异噁唑(6.8nM)和托拉塞米(400nM)的组合显著防止了谷氨酸盐中毒,然而,在那些浓度下,单独的西那卡塞和美西律对中毒没有显著效果。*:p<0.001,显著不同于谷氨酸盐中毒;(ANOVA+Dunnett Post-Hoc试验)。
图5:巴氯芬(BCL)与阿坎酸(ACP)组合充当针对在神经-肌肉细胞共培养模型中对运动单位的数量(A)、面积(B)和神经突长度(C)的谷氨酸盐(GLU)毒性的利鲁唑(RIL)保护效果的增强剂。与对ACP(0.32nM)BCL(80nM)获得的效果相比时,使用低至ACP(0.14nM)BCL(36nM)的浓度时观察到明显更强的增强效果。
图6:巴氯芬(BCL)和阿坎酸(ACP)与利鲁唑一起协同作用于在神经-肌肉共培养模型中针对谷氨酸盐毒性保护神经肌肉接头。当测量运动单位的数量、面积以及神经突长度时观察到保护的重要改善。A)对ACP(0.14nM)BCL(36nM)混合物观察到端点由2至5%的改善;当单独使用利鲁唑(0.04μM)时为12至16%;然而三种药物的组合导致由39至43%的改善。B)对ACP(0.14nM)BCL(36nM)混合物观察到端点由2至5%的改善;当使用利鲁唑5μM时为70至188%;然而三种药物的组合导致由131至165%的改善。(*:p<0.001,显著不同于谷氨酸盐中毒;◇:p<0.001,显著不同(ANOVA+Dunnett Post-Hoc试验))。
发明详述
本发明提供了用于治疗ALS或相关障碍的新的治疗方法。更特别地,本发明公开了能够有效校正此类疾病并可用于任何哺乳动物对象的新颖的组合疗法。
在本发明的上下文中,障碍的“治疗”一词包括治疗、防止、预防、延迟或减少由该障碍引起的疼痛。术语治疗特别包括控制疾病进展和相关症状。关于ALS,术语治疗还描述了延迟或延缓麻痹的开始,减少或防止运动神经元退化,减少疼痛,和/或提高存活率。
术语“ALS相关障碍”是指运动神经元障碍,如原发性侧索硬化症(PrimaryLateral Sclerosis,PLS)、进行性肌萎缩症(Progressive Muscular Atrophy,PMA)、假延髓病型麻痹和进行性延髓性麻痹(Pseudobulbar Palsy and Progressive Bulbar Palsy,PBP),以及额颞叶痴呆(Fronto Temporal Dementia,FTD)。
术语“组合或组合治疗/疗法”是指其中至少两种或多种药物共同施用于对象以引起生物效应的治疗。在本发明的组合疗法中,该至少两种药物可以一起或单独地,同时或依次给施用。此外,该至少两种药物可以通过不同的路线和方案施用。因此,尽管它们可以一起配制,但组合的药物也可以单独配制。
如上所述,本发明涉及用于治疗需要其的对象的ALS或相关障碍的药物组合物和方法。
更特别地,本发明涉及用于治疗肌萎缩性侧索硬化症(ALS)或相关障碍的组合物,该组合物包含至少两种药物,所述药物选自阿坎酸、巴氯芬、西那卡塞、美西律、磺胺异噁唑和托拉塞米,或其任意化学纯度的盐或前药或衍生物,或缓释制剂。
本发明人惊讶地发现,组合在一起的这些化合物表现出针对谷氨酸盐毒性的保护性活性,在ALS的体外模型中,所述谷氨酸盐毒性是神经元死亡的原因之一。
更特别地,本发明显示,本发明的药物在运动神经元上施加了针对谷氨酸盐毒性(其为ALS中神经退化的致病原因之一)的令人惊讶的保护性活性。此外,本发明人已经观察到,这些化合物在低剂量下协同作用以有效地保护运动单位。这是特别显著的优点,避免了任何潜在的副作用。此外,如试验部分所示,这些组合疗法可以在ALS的动物模型中在体内延缓麻痹的发作,并延长寿命。这些组合疗法因此在ALS对象的治疗中表现出显著的改进。
因此,本发明涉及一种用于治疗肌萎缩性侧索硬化症(ALS)或相关障碍的组合物,包含至少两种药物,所述药物选自阿坎酸、巴氯芬、西那卡塞、美西律、磺胺异噁唑和托拉塞米,或其任意化学纯度的盐或前药或衍生物,或缓释制剂。
本发明还涉及用于治疗需要其的对象的肌萎缩性侧索硬化症(ALS)或相关障碍的方法,包括向该对象施用至少两种药物,所述药物选自阿坎酸、巴氯芬、西那卡塞、美西律、磺胺异噁唑和托拉塞米,或其任意化学纯度的盐或前药或衍生物,或缓释制剂。
本发明还涉及选自阿坎酸、巴氯芬、西那卡塞、美西律、磺胺异噁唑和托拉塞米,或其任意化学纯度的盐或前药或衍生物,或缓释制剂的化合物与至少一种选自阿坎酸、巴氯芬、西那卡塞、美西律、磺胺异噁唑和托拉塞米,或其任意化学纯度的盐或前药或衍生物,或缓释制剂的第二化合物结合通过结合、单独或相继施用于需要其的对象以便治疗肌萎缩性侧索硬化症(ALS)或相关障碍。
用于本发明的优选组合包含用于同时、相继或单独施用的下列药物组合的至少一种:
-巴氯芬和西那卡塞,
-西那卡塞和阿坎酸,
-巴氯芬和阿坎酸,
-巴氯芬和阿坎酸和托拉塞米,
-美西律和西那卡塞,
-托拉塞米和巴氯芬,或
-托拉塞米和磺胺异噁唑,
或其任意化学纯度的盐或前药或衍生物,或缓释制剂,用于治疗ALS或相关障碍。包含此类组合的组合物也代表本发明的特定目的。
本文中所用的术语“前药”指的是本发明的化合物的任何功能性衍生物(或前体),其当施用于生物系统时因例如自发化学反应、酶催化化学反应和/或代谢化学反应而生成所述化合物。与所得药物相比,前药通常是无活性或活性较低,并可例如用于改善药物的生理化学性质、将药物靶向特定组织、改善药物的药代学和药动学性质和/或减少不合意的副作用。顺从前药设计的一些常见官能团包括但不限于羧基、羟基、胺、磷酸/膦酸根和羰基。通常经由这些基团的修饰所制得的前药包括但不限于酯、碳酸酯、氨基甲酸酯、酰胺和磷酸酯。用于选择合适前药的具体技术指南是公知常识(19-23)。此外,前药的制备可以通过本领域技术人员已知的常规方法完成。在大量关于该主题的综述(20;24-30)中描述了可用于合成其它前药的方法。例如,在ChemID plus Advance数据库(http://chem.sis.nlm.nih.gov/chemidplus/)中列举了普阿氯芬,并且普阿氯芬是公知的巴氯芬的前药(31-32)。在Hanafi等人,2011(33)中给出了巴氯芬前药的具体实例,特别是巴氯芬酯及巴氯芬酯氨基甲酸酯,其特别可用于CNS靶向。因此,此类前药特别适于本发明的组合物。上文提及的普阿氯芬也是公知的前药,并因此可用于替代本发明的组合物中的巴氯芬。巴氯芬的其他前药可以在下列专利申请中找到:WO2010102071、US2009197958、WO2009096985、WO2009061934、WO2008086492、US2009216037、WO2005066122、US2011021571、WO2003077902、WO2010120370。
阿坎酸的可用前药,如泛酸酯新戊基磺酰基酯、阿坎酸的新戊基磺酰基酯前药或遮蔽的羧化新戊基磺酰基酯前药都显著地列举在以下专利申请中:WO2009033069、WO2009033061、WO2009033054、WO2009052191、WO2009033079、US 2009/0099253、US 2009/0069419、US 2009/0082464、US 2009/0082440和US 2009/0076147。
化合物的“衍生物”一词包括与所述化合物在功能和/或结构上相关的任何分子,如此类化合物的酸、酰胺、酯、醚、乙酰化变体、羟基化变体或烷基化(C1-C6)变体。术语衍生物还包括失去一个或多个如上列举的取代基的结构上相关的化合物。例如,高牛磺酸是阿坎酸的去乙酰化衍生物。化合物的优选衍生物是具有如通过已知的方法测定的显著程度的与所述化合物的相似性的分子。类似化合物连同它们与母体分子的相似性指数可以在许多数据库中找到,如PubChem(http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/search/)或DrugBank(http://www.drugbank.ca/)。在更优选的实施方案中,衍生物应具有与母体药物的大于0.4、优选大于0.5、更优选大于0.6、甚至更优选大于0.7的谷本(Tanimoto)相似性指数。Tanimoto相似性指数广泛用于测量两种分子之间的结构相似性的程度。Tanimoto相似性指数可以通过可在线获得(http://www.ebi.ac.uk/thornton-srv/software/SMSD/)的软件如the Small Molecule Subgraph Detector(34-35)来计算。优选的衍生物应当在结构和功能上与母体化合物相关,即它们还应保留至少部分母体药物活性,更优选它们应当对运动单位表现出针对谷氨酸盐毒性的保护活性(如试验部分中所例示的那样)。
术语衍生物还包括药物的代谢产物,例如,在施用于有机体后通常通过专门的酶促体系来自于所述药物的(生化)改性或加工,并显示或保留该药物的生物活性的分子。已经公开了代谢产物是母体药物大部分治疗作用的原由。在一个具体实施方案中,本文中所用的“代谢产物”指的是保留母体药物的至少部分活性的改性或加工药物,更优选它们应当对运动单位表现出针对谷氨酸盐毒性的保护活性(如试验部分中所例示的那样)。代谢产物的实例包括托拉塞米来自于该药物肝脏代谢的托拉塞米的羟基化形式(Drug bank数据库(36))。
术语“盐”指的是本发明的化合物的可药用和相对无毒的、无机或有机酸加成盐。药物盐的形成包括使酸性、碱性或两性离子药物分子与抗衡离子配对以生成该药物的盐形式。在中和反应中可以使用多种化学物类。本发明的可药用盐由此包括通过使充当碱的主要化合物与无机酸或有机酸反应以形成盐而获得的那些,所述盐例如乙酸、硝酸、酒石酸、盐酸、硫酸、磷酸、甲磺酸、樟脑磺酸、草酸、马来酸、琥珀酸或柠檬酸的盐。本发明的可药用盐还包括其中主要化合物充当酸并且与适当的碱反应以形成例如钠、钾、钙、镁、铵或胆碱盐的那些。尽管所给活性成分的大多数盐是生物等价物,但是其中一部分可以具有提高的溶解度或生物利用度性质。盐选择目前是药物开发过程中的普通标准操作,如由H.Stahl和C.G Wermuth在他们的手册(37)中所教导的那样。
在一个优选实施方案中,化合物的名称指的是描述化合物本身,以及其任何可药用盐、水合物、异构体或外消旋物。
下表1提供了用于本发明的化合物以及该化合物的盐、衍生物、代谢产物和/或前药的CAS号。
表1
更优选地,本发明的药物组合物包含2、3、4或5种不同的药物,甚至更优选2、3或4种不同的药物以便组合治疗需要其的对象的ALS或相关障碍。
在一个特定实施方案中,本发明涉及本身包含巴氯芬和西那卡塞、或阿坎酸和西那卡塞,或其任意化学纯度的盐或前药或衍生物,或缓释制剂的组合物。
在更特定的实施方案中,本发明涉及包含阿坎酸和西那卡塞(cinaclacet)或其任意化学纯度的盐或前药或衍生物,或缓释制剂的组合物以便其用于治疗ALS或相关障碍,其中阿坎酸的每日剂量等于或低于10毫克。
此外,在另一更特定的实施方案中,本发明的组合物与方法进一步使用利鲁唑,或其任意纯度的盐、前药、衍生物,或缓释制剂。呈现的结果事实上令人惊讶地表明,当与利鲁唑(CAS号1744-22-5)组合使用时,本发明的组合物可以显著地提高对患者的治疗的临床益处。
因此,本发明的特定目的是一种组合物,包含i)至少一种选自阿坎酸、巴氯芬、西那卡塞、美西律、磺胺异噁唑和托拉塞米的药物,和ii)利鲁唑,用于同时、单独或相继用于治疗ALS或相关障碍。
本发明的另一特定目的是一种如上公开的组合物,包含i)至少两种选自阿坎酸、巴氯芬、西那卡塞、美西律、磺胺异噁唑和托拉塞米的药物,ii)利鲁唑,用于同时、单独或相继用于治疗ALS或相关障碍。
本发明的一个优选目的是一种组合物,包含下列药物组合的至少一种:
-利鲁唑、巴氯芬和西那卡塞,
-利鲁唑、西那卡塞和阿坎酸,
-利鲁唑、巴氯芬和阿坎酸,
-利鲁唑、巴氯芬和阿坎酸和托拉塞米,
-利鲁唑、美西律和西那卡塞,
-利鲁唑、托拉塞米和巴氯芬,或
-利鲁唑、托拉塞米和磺胺异噁唑,
或其任意化学纯度的盐或前药或衍生物,或缓释制剂,用于同时、单独或相继用于治疗ALS或相关障碍。
可以与本发明的药物组合结合使用的其它附加疗法可以包括一种或多种改善ALS疾病的症状的药物、一种或多种可用于ALS疾病的姑息疗法的药物或一种或多种目前在治疗ALS疾病的临床试验框架中评估的药物。优选地,所述一种或多种药物选自AEOL 10150、Arimoclomol、AVP-923、B型肉毒毒素(肉毒杆菌素)、头孢三嗪、南蛇藤醇、塞来考昔、肉苁蓉总苷、辅酶Q10、克帕松(Copaxone)、肌酸、肌酸酐、屈大麻酚、促红细胞生成素、依他普仑(Lexapro)、醋酸格拉替雷、粒系集落刺激因子(G-CSF)、生长激素(Somatropin)、GSK1223249、印地那韦、胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-I)、IGF-1-AAV、KNS-760704、来普立宁、亮丙瑞林、左乙拉西坦、MCI-186、甲钴胺、米诺环素、莫达非尼、Naaladase抑制剂、N-乙酰半胱氨酸、NBQX、尼美舒利、尼莫地平、奥兰氮平、奥利索西(olesoxime)(TRO19622)、ONO-2506、oxepa、吡格列酮、R(+)普拉克索二盐酸盐一水合物、奥利索西、氧甲氢龙、奎尼定、丁酸苯酯、SB-509、Scriptaid、sNN0029、Somatropine、他仑帕奈、三苯氧胺、牛磺脱氧胆酸、TCH346、睾酮、沙利度胺(thalidomide,又称反应停)、海藻糖、维甲酸、维生素E、YAM80或选自17-β-雌二醇、2-MPPA(2-(3-巯基丙基)戊二酸)、3,4-二氨基吡啶、5-羟基色氨酸、7-硝基吲唑、α-硫辛酸、AM1241、氨茶碱、血管生成因子、抗人SOD1抗体、针对p75(NTR)的反义肽核酸、AP7、夹竹桃麻素、BAPTA-AM、BDNF、BN82451、大麻酚酸、心肌营养素-1、CD4抗体、CNTF、Colivelin、日粮铜、促肾上腺皮质素、环磷酰胺、Δ(9)-四氢大麻酚、DHEA、地西泮、日粮锌、地尔硫卓、DMPO、DP-109、DP-460、依达拉奉、EGCG、表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(epigallocatechin gallate,又称绿茶萃取抗氧化物)、依替膦酸钠、FeTCPP、氟伏沙明、叶酸、加巴喷丁、半乳糖凝集素-1、GDNF、人参、GPI-1046、胍、HGF、Humanin、IFN-α、白介素-3、伊佛霉素、L-745、870、左旋肉碱、L-DOPA、卵磷脂化SOD、来那度胺、亮肽酶素、LIF、L-NAME、赖氨酸乙酰水杨酸、褪黑素、甲哌卡因、脱氧麻黄碱、甲钴胺、MK-801、MnTBAP、莫达非尼、吗啡、Neu2000、NGF、去甲二氢愈创木酸、去甲替林、NT3、奥美沙坦、青霉胺、己酮可可碱、匹莫齐特、多胺修饰过氧化氢酶、普拉克索、泼尼松、孕酮、异丙嗪、腐胺修饰的过氧化氢酶、丙酮酸盐、雷沙吉兰、RK35、Ro 28-2653、罗非考昔、RPR 119990、RX77368、SB203580、司来吉兰、塞马莫德、舍曲林、SS-31、SSR180575、针对人Cu,Zn-超氧化物歧化酶(SOD1)的稳定化siRNA、他克莫司、盐酸坦洛新、TAT修饰的Bcl-X(L)、TGF-β2、噻萘普丁、曲恩汀、TRO19622、U-74389F、VEGF、长春新碱、WHI-P131、WIN55,212-2、WX-340、扎利罗登、ZK 187638和zVAD-fmk。
如上所述,本发明的优选疗法含有2、3、4或甚至更多种不同的活性化合物,其可以任选进一步与其它治疗结合或联合。在本发明的组合疗法中,该化合物或药物可以一起或单独配制,并一起、单独或相继地施用。
本发明还涉及治疗ALS疾病或相关障碍的方法,该方法包括向需要其的对象同时、单独相继施用如上文公开的药物组合。
本发明的药物或组合物可以重复施用于该对象。
本发明的组合物通常包含一种或几种可药用的载体或赋形剂。
本发明的又一目的涉及至少两种选自阿坎酸、巴氯芬、西那卡塞、美西律、磺胺异噁唑和托拉塞米的药物用于制造通过结合、单独或相继施用于需要其的对象来治疗ALS或相关障碍的药剂的用途。
本发明的又一目的涉及下列药物组合的至少一种的用途:
-巴氯芬和西那卡塞,
-西那卡塞和阿坎酸,
-巴氯芬和阿坎酸,
-巴氯芬和阿坎酸和托拉塞米,
-美西律和西那卡塞,
-托拉塞米和巴氯芬,或
-托拉塞米和磺胺异噁唑,
该药物组合用于制造通过结合、单独或相继施用于需要其的对象来治疗ALS或相关障碍的药剂。
在一个特定实施方案中,本发明还涉及至少一种选自阿坎酸、巴氯芬、西那卡塞、美西律、磺胺异噁唑和托拉塞米的药物与利鲁唑组合用于制造通过结合、单独或相继施用于需要其的对象来治疗ALS或相关障碍的药剂的用途。
另一实施方案涉及至少两种选自阿坎酸、巴氯芬、西那卡塞、美西律、磺胺异噁唑和托拉塞米的药物与利鲁唑组合用于制造通过结合、单独或相继施用于需要其的对象来治疗ALS或相关障碍的药剂的用途。
在一个更特定的实施方案中,本发明涉及下列药物组合的至少一种的用途:
-巴氯芬和西那卡塞,
-西那卡塞和阿坎酸,
-巴氯芬和阿坎酸,
-巴氯芬和阿坎酸和托拉塞米,
-美西律和西那卡塞,
-托拉塞米和巴氯芬,或
-托拉塞米和磺胺异噁唑,
该药物组合与利鲁唑组合用于制造通过结合、单独或相继施用于需要其的对象来治疗ALS或相关障碍的药剂。
本发明的又一目的是制备药物组合物的方法,该方法包括在合适的赋形剂或载体中混合上述化合物。
本发明的疗法可以在家中、医生办公室、诊所、医院的门诊部或医院提供,使得医生可以密切观察该疗法的效果并进行所需的任何调整。
该疗法的持续时间取决于该疾病的阶段、患者的年龄和状况、以及患者对该治疗的反应如何。
此外,具有产生附加神经性障碍的更高风险的人(例如有遗传倾向或患有例如糖尿病或正在接收肿瘤症状等等的治疗的人)可以接受预防性治疗以减轻或延缓最终的神经性反应。
各种药物的剂量、频率和施用方式可以独立控制。组合疗法可以按照包括休息期的间歇式循环提供,使得患者身体有机会从任何尚无法预知的副作用中恢复。该药物也可以配制在一起,以使得一次施用输送所有药物。
药物组合物的配制
该组合的各药物的施用可以通过导致该药物的浓度在与其它组分组合时能减轻患者症状的任何合适方式进行。
尽管该组合的活性成分有可能以纯化学品形式使用,但是优选以药物组合物形式提供,所述药物组合物在上下文中也称为药物制剂。可能的组合物包括适于口服、直肠、局部(包括经皮、含服和舌下),或肠胃外(包括皮下,肌肉内,静脉内和皮内)施用的那些。
这些药物制剂更通常以含有多个剂量单位的“患者包装”或以单个包装(通常为泡罩包装)在不同治疗期过程中使用的计量单位施用的其它方式为患者配药。患者包装具有超越传统处方(其中药剂师从大批供应的药物中分取患者的供应)的优势,在于患者总能获得包含在患者包装中的包装说明书,这在传统处方中通常是缺失的。包含包装说明书已经显示改善了患者与医师说明的相容性。因此,本发明进一步包括与适于所述制剂的包装材料结合的如前文中所述的药物制剂。在此类的患者包装中,用于组合治疗的制剂的预期应用可以通过说明书、设施、供应、改变和/或有助于使用最适用于治疗的制剂的其它方式推断得出。此类措施使得患者包装特别适于和适应于与本发明的组合一起的治疗的用途。
该药物可以以任何合适的量包含在任何合适的载体物质中,并且可以以该组合物总重量的1-99重量%的量存在。该组合物可以以适于口服、胃肠外(例如静脉内、肌内)、直肠、皮肤、鼻腔、阴道、吸入剂、皮肤(贴剂)或眼部给药路线的剂型提供。由此,该组合物可以是例如片剂、胶囊、丸剂、粉末、颗粒、混悬剂、乳剂、溶液、包括水凝胶的凝胶、糊剂、软膏、霜剂、油膏、灌液、等渗递送装置、栓剂、灌肠剂、注射剂、植入物、喷雾剂或气雾剂的形式。
该药物组合物可以根据常规医药实践来配制(参见例如Remington:The Scienceand Practice of Pharmacy(第20版),A.R.Gennaro编辑,Lippincott Williams&Wilkins,2000和Encyclopedia of Pharmaceutical Technology,J.Swarbrick与J.C.Boylan编辑,1988-1999,Marcel Dekker,New York)。
本发明的药物组合物可以配制成在施用时几乎立即释放该活性药物,或在施用后任何预定时间或时期释放该活性药物。
受控释放制剂包括(i)经延长的时期在身体中生成基本恒定浓度的药物的制剂;(ii)经延长的时期在身体中在预定延滞时间后生成基本恒定浓度的药物的制剂;(iii)通过在身体中保持相对、恒定、有效的药物水平并同时尽量减少与活性药物物质血浆水平的波动相关的不合意的副作用而在预定时期过程内经受药物作用的制剂;(iv)通过紧邻患病组织或器官或在患病组织或器官中空间放置受控释放组合物使药物作用局部化的制剂;和(v)通过使用载体或化学衍生物以便向特定靶标细胞类型输送药物以靶向药物作用的制剂。
以受控释放制剂形式的药物施用在以下情况下是尤其优选的:其中组合中的药物具有(i)狭窄的治疗指数(即导致有害副作用或毒性反应的血浆浓度和导致治疗效果的血浆浓度之间的差异较小;通常,治疗指数TI定义为半数致死量(LD50)对半数有效量(ED50)的比率);(ii)在胃肠道中的狭窄的吸收窗;或(iii)非常短的生物半衰期,使得在一天中需要频繁用药以便将血浆水平保持在治疗水平。
可以采取多种策略的任一种以获得这样的受控释放,其中释放的速率超过所研究的药物的代谢速率。受控释放可以通过适当选择各种制剂参数与成分来获得,包括例如各种类型的受控释放组合物与包衣。由此,该药物与适当的赋形剂一起配制成药物组合物,该药物组合物在施用时以受控方式释放该药物(单个或多个单位片剂或胶囊组合物、油溶液、混悬剂、乳剂、微胶囊、微球、纳米粒子、贴剂和脂质体)。
用于口服用途的固体剂型
西洛他唑和利鲁唑的优选给药路线是口服路线。用于口服用途的制剂包括与无毒药用赋形剂混合的含有该活性成分的片剂。这些赋形剂可以是例如惰性赋形剂或填料(例如蔗糖、微晶纤维素、包括土豆淀粉的淀粉、碳酸钙、氯化钠、磷酸钙、硫酸钙或磷酸钠);造粒剂和崩解剂(例如包括微晶纤维素的纤维素衍生物,包括土豆淀粉的淀粉,交联羧甲纤维素钠,藻酸盐或海藻酸);粘合剂(例如阿拉伯树胶、海藻酸、海藻酸钠、明胶、淀粉、预凝胶化淀粉、微晶纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钠、甲基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、乙基纤维素、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮或聚乙二醇);以及润滑剂、助流剂和抗粘连剂(例如硬脂酸、二氧化硅或滑石)。其他可药用赋形剂可以是着色剂、调味剂、增塑剂、保湿剂、缓冲剂等等。
该片剂可以是未包衣的,或者它们可以通过已知技术包衣,任选地延迟在胃肠道中的崩解与吸收,并由此提供在较长时间内的持续作用。包衣可以适于以预定模式释放活性药物物质(例如为了获得受控释放制剂)或其可以适于直到通过胃后才释放活性药物物质(肠溶衣)。该包衣可以是糖包衣、薄膜包衣(例如基于羟丙基甲基纤维素、甲基纤维素、甲基羟乙基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素、丙烯酸酯共聚物、聚乙二醇和/或聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮),或肠溶衣(例如基于甲基丙烯酸共聚物、纤维素乙酸邻苯二甲酸酯、羟丙基甲基纤维素邻苯二甲酸酯、羟丙基甲基纤维素乙酸琥珀酸酯、聚乙烯乙酸邻苯二甲酸酯、虫胶和/或乙基纤维素)。可以采用延时材料,如甘油单硬脂酸酯或甘油二硬脂酸酯。
该固体片剂组合物可以包括适于保护该组合物免于不希望的化学变化(例如在活性药物物质释放前的化学降解)的包衣。该包衣可以以与Encyclopedia ofPharmaceutical Technology中描述的类似方式施加在该固体剂型上。
该药物可以一起混合在片剂中,或可以隔开。例如,第一药物包含在片剂内部,而第二药物在外部,使得大部分的第二药物在第一药物释放前释放。
用于口服用途的制剂也可以呈现为咀嚼片剂,或其中活性成分与惰性固体稀释剂(例如土豆淀粉、微晶纤维素、碳酸钙、磷酸钙或高岭土)混合的硬明胶胶囊或其中活性成分与水或油介质如液体石蜡或橄榄油混合的软明胶胶囊。粉剂和粒剂可以以常规方式使用在片剂和胶囊情况下在上文中提及的成分来制备。
用于口服用途的受控释放组合物可以例如构造成通过控制活性药物物质的溶解和/或扩散而释放活性药物。
溶解或扩散受控释放可以通过药物的片剂、胶囊、丸剂或粒剂制剂的适当包衣来实现,或通过将药物混入适当基质来实现。受控释放包衣可以包括上面提及的包衣物质中的一种或多种,和/或例如虫胶、蜂蜡、三脂蜡、蓖麻蜡、加拿巴蜡、硬脂醇、甘油单硬脂酸酯、甘油二硬脂酸酯、甘油棕榈酰硬脂酸酯、乙基纤维素、丙烯酸树脂、dl-聚乳酸、纤维素乙酸丁酸酯、聚氯乙烯、聚醋酸乙烯酯、乙烯基吡咯烷酮、聚乙烯、聚甲基丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、2-羟基甲基丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酸酯水凝胶、1,3-丁二醇/甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯和/或聚乙二醇。在受控释放基质制剂中,该基质材料也可以包括例如水合甲基纤维素、加拿巴蜡和硬脂醇、卡波普934、硅酮、甘油三硬脂酸酯、丙烯酸甲酯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚氯乙烯、聚乙烯和/或卤代氟碳。
含有一种或多种所要求保护的组合的药物的受控释放组合物也可以为漂浮片剂或胶囊形式(即,在口服施用后,在胃内容物上方漂浮一定时间的片剂或胶囊)。药物的漂浮片剂制剂可以通过对药物与赋形剂和20-75重量%的水状胶体如羟乙基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素或羟丙基-甲基纤维素的混合物进行造粒来制备。随后将获得的颗粒压制成片剂。在与接触胃液时,该片剂在其表面周围形成基本上不透水的凝胶屏障。这种凝胶屏障帮助保持密度小于1,由此使得该片剂能够保持漂浮在胃液中。
用于口服施用的液体
适于通过添加水制备水性悬浮液的粉剂、可分散粉剂或粒剂是用于口服施用的方便剂型。混悬剂形式的制剂提供与分散剂或润湿剂、悬浮剂、以及一种或多种防腐剂混合的活性成分。合适的悬浮剂是例如羧甲基纤维素钠、甲基纤维素、海藻酸钠等等。
肠胃外组合物
尽管不那么优选,该药物组合物还可以通过注射、灌注或植入(静脉内、肌肉内、皮下等)在含有常规、无毒可药用载体与佐剂的剂型、制剂中或经由合适递送装置或植入物肠胃外施用。此类组合物的配制和制备是药物制剂领域的技术人员公知的。
用于肠胃外用途的组合物可以以单位剂型(例如,在单剂量安瓿中)或以含有多剂量的小瓶提供并且其中可以添加适当防腐剂(参见下文)。该组合物可以为溶液、悬浮液、乳液、灌注装置或用于植入的递送装置的形式,或它可以呈现为在使用前用水或其它合适介质重建的干燥粉末。除了活性药物外,该组合物可以包括适当的胃肠外可接受的载体和/或赋形剂。该活性药物可以混入微球、微胶囊、纳米粒子、脂质体等等中用于受控释放。该组合物可以包括悬浮剂、增溶剂、稳定剂、pH-调节剂和/或分散剂。
本发明的药物组合物可以是适于无菌注射的形式。为了制备此类组合物,将适当的活性药物溶解或悬浮在胃肠外可接受的液体媒介物中。其中可使用的媒介物和溶剂是水,通过添加适量盐酸、氢氧化钠或合适缓冲剂调节至合适pH的水、1,3-丁二醇、林格溶液和等渗氯化钠溶液。该水性制剂还可以含有一种或多种防腐剂(例如,对羟基苯甲酸甲酯、对羟基苯甲酸乙酯或对羟基苯甲酸正丙酯)。在其中该药物之一仅难溶或微溶于水的情况下,可以添加溶解增强剂或增溶剂,或者溶剂可以包括10-60重量%的丙二醇等等。
受控释放胃肠外组合物可以为含水悬浮液、微球、微胶囊、磁性微球、油溶液、油悬浮液或乳液的形式。或者,该活性药物可以结合在生物相容性载体、脂质体、纳米粒子、植入物或灌注装置中。用于制备微球和/或微胶囊的材料是例如生物可降解/生物可侵蚀聚合物如聚催乳激素、聚-(氰基丙烯酸异丁酯)、聚(2-羟乙基-L-谷氨酰胺)。配制受控释放胃肠外制剂时可以使用的生物相容性载体是碳水化合物(例如糊精)、蛋白质(例如白蛋白)、脂蛋白或抗体。用于植入物中的材料可以是非生物可降解的(例如聚二甲基硅氧烷)或生物可降解的(例如聚(己内酯)、聚(乙醇酸)或聚(原酸酯))。
替代路线
尽管较不优选且较不方便,但是可以考虑其它施用路线并因此考虑其它制剂。在这方面,对于直肠应用,用于组合物的合适剂型包括栓剂(乳剂或混悬剂类型)以及直肠明胶胶囊(溶液或混悬剂)。在典型的栓剂制剂中,该活性药物与适当的可药用栓剂基质如可可脂、酯化脂肪酸、甘油化明胶和各种水溶性或水分散性基质如聚乙二醇组合。可以结合各种添加剂、增强剂或表面活性剂。
该药物组合物还可以局部施用在皮肤上以便在含有常规无毒的可药用载体和赋形剂的剂型或制剂的经皮吸收,包括微球和脂质体。该制剂包括霜剂、软膏剂、洗剂、搽剂、凝胶、水凝胶、溶液、混悬剂、贴剂、喷雾剂、糊剂、硬膏剂和其它种类的透皮药物输送系统。可药用载体或赋形剂可以包括乳化剂、抗氧化剂、缓冲剂、防腐剂、保湿剂、穿透促进剂、胶凝剂、凝胶形成剂、软膏基质、芳香剂,和皮肤防护剂。
该乳化剂可以是天然存在的树胶(例如阿拉伯树胶或黄蓍树胶)。
防腐剂、保湿剂、穿透增强剂可以是对羟基苯甲酸类,如对羟基苯甲酸甲酯或对羟基苯甲酸丙酯,和苄烷铵、甘油、丙二醇、脲等。
上述用于在皮肤上局部施用的药物组合物也可以连同施用到要治疗的身体部分上或附近进行试验。该组合物可以适于直接施用或借助于特殊药物输送装置如敷料或硬膏剂、衬垫、海绵或其它形式的合适的柔性材料来施加。
治疗的剂量和持续时间
要理解的是,该组合的药物可以相伴地,在相同或不同药物制剂中施用,或相继施用。如果为相继施用,延迟施用活性成分之一不应使得丧失活性成分的组合的有效作用的益处。对于根据本说明书的组合的最低要求是所述组合应用于组合物使用,具有活性成分的组合的有效作用的益处。组合的预期用途可以通过设施、供应品、适应和/或其它装置推断以有助于使用根据本发明的组合。
西洛他唑的治疗有效量是适于防止或减少发展ALS疾病的风险和一旦其成为临床症状则停止或减缓ALS疾病进展的量。
本发明的剂量的优选实例是:
-美西律:每天大约6至120毫克、优选小于每天60毫克、更优选小于每天30毫克、甚至更优选小于每天15毫克,此类剂量特别适于口服,
-托拉塞米:每天大约0.05至4毫克、优选小于每天2毫克、更优选小于每天1毫克、甚至更优选小于每天0.5毫克,此类剂量特别适于口服,
-阿坎酸:每天1至1000毫克、优选小于每天400毫克、更优选小于每天200毫克、甚至更优选小于每天50毫克、或甚至小于每天10毫克,此类剂量特别适于口服,
-巴氯芬:每天0.01至150毫克、优选小于每天100毫克、更优选小于每天50毫克、甚至更优选小于每天30毫克,此类剂量特别适于口服,
-西那卡塞:每天大约0.3至150毫克、更优选小于每天100毫克、甚至更优选小于每天36毫克,此类剂量特别适于口服,
-磺胺异噁唑:每天大约20至800毫克,此类剂量特别适于口服,
-利鲁唑:每天大约0.01至100毫克、优选小于每天75毫克、更优选小于每天50毫克、甚至更优选小于每天25毫克,此类剂量特别适于口服。
要理解的是,实际施用的药物的量将由医师依照相关情形确定,所述相关情形包括要治疗的病症、要施用的确切组合物、个体患者的年龄、体重和反应、患者症状的严重程度以及所选的施用路线。此外,关于具体患者的药物基因组学(基因型对药代动力学,药效学或治疗效能分布曲线的影响)信息可能会影响使用的剂量。因此,以上剂量范围意在提供一般指导和对于本文中的教导的支持,但并非意在限制本发明的范围。
尽管本发明的活性药物可以以分开的剂量施用,例如每天两次或三次,但是组合中的各药物的单一每日剂量是优选的,其中单个药物组合物(单位剂型)中的所有药物的单一每日剂量是最优选的。术语“单位剂型”指的是物理上离散的单位(如胶囊、片剂、或加载的注射器筒体),适合作为单一剂量用于人类对象,各单位与所需药物载体联合含有计算产生所需治疗效果的预定量的活性材料。
施用可以是几天至几年内每日一次至几次,而甚至可以是患者的一生。大多数情况下指示长期或至少周期性重复的长期给药。
在最优选的实施方案中,本发明的组合用于与利鲁唑组合,其中所用药物口服施用。在此类方案中,利鲁唑优选重复施用,例如每天,更优选以每天0.01-100毫克的每日剂量,甚至更优选以每天0.1-100毫克的每日剂量,最优选每天0.1-50毫克,其它药物为上述剂量。
该药物可以同时施用,即大致在相同时间,尽管不一定恰好在同一时间或通过同一制剂施用。特别地,利鲁唑可以单独于其它药物配制并均在一天的大致相同时期内摄取,以确保它们可以组合存在于身体中并发挥作用。还有可能规定一种治疗方法,其中利鲁唑与包含至少两种选自阿坎酸、巴氯芬、西那卡塞、美西律、磺胺异噁唑和托拉塞米的药物的组合交错施用(例如一天施用利鲁唑,下一天施用所述组合物等等)。应当注意的是,各种方案可以由医师调节或决定,确保本发明的组合疗法对各患者最为有效。
为了例示的目的而非以任何方式限制,给出下列实施例。
实施例
药物组合物在ALS模型中的保护性效果
本发明的组合疗法在大鼠皮层细胞上,在神经-肌肉共培养模型中体外测试,并在ALS的小鼠模型中体内测试。本部分中给出了方案和结果。
所有动物实验根据National Institute of Health(NIH)对于护理与使用实验动物的指导方针进行,并经National Animal Experiment Board核准。
1.在神经细胞原代培养物中针对谷氨酸盐毒性的保护性效果。
谷氨酸盐毒性涉及ALS的发病机制。在该组试验中,测试候选化合物防止或减少谷氨酸盐对神经元细胞的有毒效果的能力。该药物首先单独测试,随后分析它们的组合作用。
神经元细胞制备
首先在原代皮质神经元细胞上评价本发明的药物组合的疗效。
由Singer等人所述(38)培养大鼠皮质神经元。简而言之,将15天孕期的怀孕雌大鼠通过颈椎脱位处死(Wistar大鼠)并且从子宫中取出胎儿。取出皮质并放置在含有2%的青霉素10.000U/ml和链霉素10mg/ml以及1%的牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的Leibovitz(L15)的冰冷介质中。皮层在37℃下(0.05%)通过胰蛋白酶离解20分钟。反应通过加入含有DNA酶1II级和10%的胎牛血清(FCS)的达尔伯克改良伊格尔培养基(DMEM)来终止。细胞然后通过3次连续通过10毫升移液管并在+4℃下以515×g离心10分钟来进行机械离解。将上清液弃去,并将细胞沉淀物重新悬浮在规定的培养基中,所述培养基由补充有B27(2%)的Neurobasal、L-谷氨酰胺(0.2mM)、2%的PS溶液和10纳克/毫升的BDNF组成。存活细胞使用台盼蓝不相容试验在Neubauer血细胞计数器中计数。细胞以30000细胞/孔的密度在96孔板中接种(该孔用聚-L-赖氨酸(10微克/毫升)预涂布)并在+37℃下在加湿空气(95%)/CO2(5%)气氛中进行培养。
谷氨酸盐毒性分析
化合物的神经保护作用通过量化特异性暴露谷氨酸能神经元的突触网络(神经丝蛋白免疫(NF))来进行评价。
在12天的神经元培养后,将候选组合的药物溶解于培养基介质(+0.1%DMSO)中。候选组合随后用神经元预培养1小时后进行谷氨酸盐伤害。在培养后1小时,在候选组合存在下经20分钟添加谷氨酸盐至40μM的最终浓度以避免进一步的药物稀释。在培养结束时,将介质换成含有候选组合而不含谷氨酸盐的介质。培养基在谷氨酸盐伤害后24小时固定。MK801(地卓西平马来酸氢盐,77086-22-7——20μM)用作阳性对照物。
采用皂角苷(Sigma)透化后,细胞用含10%的山羊血清的PBS阻断2小时,然后将该细胞用小鼠单克隆一抗针对神经丝抗体(NF,Sigma)进行培养。这种抗体用Alexa Fluor488山羊抗鼠lgG暴露。
细胞的细胞核用荧光标记物(Hoechst溶液,SIGMA)标记,并量化神经突网络。每种条件使用6孔以评价在3种不同的培养基中的神经元存活率。
结果
所有受试的药物组合均对于皮质神经细胞提供了针对谷氨酸盐毒性的保护性效果。结果显示在下表2中。
如图1、3和4中例示的那样,本发明的组合在上述实验条件下强烈保护神经元免受谷氨酸盐毒性。值得注意的是,使用单独使用的药物不具有显著保护效果或较低保护效果的药物浓度,可以留意到有效的保护。
事实上,如图3中所例示的那样,美西律-西那卡塞组合有效地保护的神经元细胞免受谷氨酸盐毒性,而通过单独的药物不能提供保护。巴氯芬-阿坎酸(图1)组合对皮质神经元细胞提供了针对谷氨酸盐毒性的保护效果。巴氯芬和阿坎酸的组合与单独的阿坎酸相比诱导超过200%的改善,与单独使用的巴氯芬相比诱导超过47%的改善。
表2
2.在神经-肌肉共培养的原代培养物中针对谷氨酸盐毒性的保护效果
神经和肌肉细胞的原代培养物
从健康对象的活体组织切片部分根据前述方法制备人类肌肉(39)。肌肉细胞从解离的细胞(每孔20000个细胞)中建立,在48孔板上铺板在明胶涂布的0.1%中,并在用谷氨酰胺2mM、牛胰岛素10微克/毫升、重组人表皮生长因子10纳克/毫升、重组人碱性成纤细胞生长因子2纳克/毫升、胎牛血清10%(FCS)和2%青霉素10000U/ml与链霉素(10毫克/毫升)补充的由75%的MEM培养基与25%的M199培养基组成的混合物的增殖培养基中生长。
在卫星细胞融合后立即将13天大的Wistar大鼠胚胎脊髓(附有4个背根神经节(DRG))的整个横切片放置在该肌肉单层上(每孔一个外植体,在中心区域中)。DRG对实现良好的神经支配比是必需的。神经支配的培养物保持在混合培养基(75%的MEM和25%的M199)中,用谷氨酰胺2mM、5%FCS、牛胰岛素5微克/毫升、和2%的青霉素10000U/ml与链霉素(10毫克/毫升)补充。
在24小时的共培养后,观察到神经突从脊髓外植体长出。它们形成与肌管的接触并在大约8天后诱发第一次收缩。之后快速地,位于该脊髓外植体附近的神经支配肌肉纤维肉眼可见地连续收缩。神经支配的纤维在形态和空间上区别于非神经支配的纤维并可以容易地对它们加以区分。
谷氨酸盐伤害
在第27天,共培养物用候选化合物、其组合或利鲁唑培养1小时,随后谷氨酸盐中毒(60μM)20分钟。随后,洗涤共培养物,并加入候选化合物、其组合、和/或利鲁唑另外的48小时。该培养时间后,未固定的共培养物在室温下用浓度为500纳摩尔/升的与Alexa 488偶联的α-银环蛇毒素培养15分钟。随后,共培养物通过PFA在室温下固定20分钟。在用0.1%的皂角甙透化后,共培养物用鼠单克隆抗神经丝抗体(NF,稀释1/400)培育。
这些抗体用Alexa Fluor 568山羊抗鼠IgG(Molecular探针,1/400稀释)检测,神经元的细胞核用荧光标记物(Hoechst溶液,1微克/毫升,在相同溶液中)标记。
端点是(1)总神经突长度、(2)运动单位数量、(3)总运动单位面积,其指示运动神经元存活与功能。
对每种条件,使用InCell AnalyzerTM 1000(GE Healthcare)以20倍方法每孔摄取2×10张照片。在相同条件下摄取所有图像。
用利鲁唑预先治疗的谷氨酸盐伤害
在第23天(即预治疗的第4天),将共培养物用利鲁唑培养。在4天后(即第27天),在加入谷氨酸盐前一小时加入药物组合,随后经20分钟加入谷氨酸盐(60μM)。共培养物随后进行处理以便进行如上所述的免疫荧光分析。
结果
当组合使用药物时,在单独使用时未观察到效果的浓度下,对所有三个端点观察到显著的保护。受试药物组合列举在表3中并例示在图2中。这种预料不到的协同效果能够以低到足以克服潜在的副作用的剂量使用药物。
表3
本发明的药物组合在体外模型中对三个端点提高了利鲁唑针对谷氨酸盐毒性的保护效果(表4)。
表4
本发明人已经发现,本发明的组合增强了在肌肉/神经共培养模型中的利鲁唑保护效果。事实上,巴氯芬-阿坎酸添加到利鲁唑治疗的谷氨酸盐中毒细胞中导致改善了赋予细胞的保护。此外,如图5中所示,本发明人已经能够确定药物浓度,在该药物浓度下这种提高效果特别重要(阿坎酸0.14nM和巴氯芬36nM)。
如图6中例示的那样,本发明的药物组合与利鲁唑协同作用以保护神经肌肉接头对抗谷氨酸盐毒性。值得注意的是,以几乎无效的剂量使用(巴氯芬和阿坎酸分别为36nM和0.14nM),在利鲁唑处理的细胞的培养介质中加入巴氯芬-阿坎酸混合物导致利鲁唑针对谷氨酸盐上海的保护效果几乎翻倍(或甚至更多)。
由此,本发明的组合物还特别有效地作为其它ALS治疗(更特别地,利鲁唑)的辅助治疗或ALS候选治疗。
3.组合疗法在ALS小鼠模型中有效
在该组试验中已经选择转基因杂合子小鼠B6SJL-Tg(SOD1-G93A)1Gur/J小鼠和WT小鼠(strain 1012,JAX)以模拟ALS。患病小鼠表达SOD1-G93A转基因,采用通过其内源性人SOD1启动子驱动的突变人SOD1基因(在密码子93处甘氨酸单氨基酸取代为丙氨酸)设计。
动物安置在标准温度(22℃±1℃)下在光控环境(早7点至晚8点照明)中,随意获得实物和水。在100天年龄时开始,所有G93ASOD1小鼠接受放置在笼中的湿粉状食品(混有水以形成糊的标准实验室饮食)和营养凝胶。此外,喷水嘴配有突起以便令小鼠容易从地面靠近。
药物施用
从出生后第60天直到小鼠达到150天年龄,小鼠用稀释在载体中的候选药物治疗投药。药物候选的稀释溶液用水在室温下在即将开始给药前制备。利鲁唑和药物组合口服施用。环糊精以5%的最终浓度用作载体,在室温下由储备溶液(环糊精20%)在水中稀释。用药物组合(10毫升/千克)和载体的治疗开始于60天年龄并持续直到小鼠达到150天年龄。药物组合于上午8-11点和下午4-7点每日两次口服施用。
小鼠的试验设置
在设置的研究组中(即治疗的测试或对照物品),转基因小鼠随机分组以使得整窝小鼠不会在单次测试中终结,从而避免对整体结果的“窝别效应”。此外,该组的雄性/雌性比例均等。
雌性小鼠以最多5个分组安置,雄性小鼠单独安置。在任何实验开始前令小鼠适应试验房间至少一小时。将小鼠从群居房转移到它们的家笼中的试验房。
体重
体重减轻已经证明与疾病的发展密切相关,并容易与疾病阶段联合评价。该小鼠在60-91天在每周的同一天(周一)进行每周一次的称重,在达到91天(13周)年龄后每周三次称重(周一-周三-周五)。
临床评分
描述SOD1-G93A小鼠产生的原始论文(40)报道了疾病的发病初期(约100天)和受到影响的小鼠平均在40天内到达末期的快速衰退(通常的存活期为130-150天)。因此,如下所述,使用如下所述的临床评分对小鼠进行仔细的检查,直到91天年龄为每周一次(周一),在达到91天年龄后为每周三次(周一-周三-周五)。
最早的临床症状是当通过其尾巴短暂地将小鼠悬挂在空气中时它们的肢体的震颤和摇晃。临床评分系统分为1至5级;1作为安乐死的端点,5作为极少具有发病症状或不具有发病症状的健康。通过由动物的尾巴根部将它们轻轻提起并观察它们的震颤、僵硬和伸展它们的肢体的能力来为动物打分。
评分系统:
●5=健康
●4–5=大多数健康,轻微震颤,非常活跃,所有肢体伸展
●4=可见轻微震颤,所有肢体伸展,非常活跃
●3–4=震颤,略微僵硬,非常活跃
●3=震颤,肢体僵硬,可能存在一些轻微的麻痹,活跃
●2–3=震颤,局部麻痹,僵硬,肢体伸展吃力,活跃
●2=麻痹,一定程度的活跃
●1–2=后肢麻痹,后肢无伸展,根据动物活力及其在30秒内自我恢复平稳的能力可以实施安乐死
●1=端点,动物无法自我恢复平稳。当计分达到4的疾病阶段时记录为疾病发作。
行为测试
所有行为测试在第20周龄时停止,当大约70%的载体组TG小鼠损失时。在该年龄后残存小鼠对运动测试而言太过脆弱,仅能施以体重测量、疾病阶段和存活评分。
旷场试验
在投药开始前(基线)和大约第90天(第13周龄)和第110天(第16周龄)进行旷场试验测量。2-4天内诞生的小鼠汇集用于旷场试验。活动室(Med Associates Inc,St Albans,VT;27×27×20.3厘米)装有IR光束。小鼠放置在该室的中心,在10分钟内记录它们的行为。记录移动的距离、垂直站立的次数和平均速度。
转棒试验
在投药开始前(基线)和大约第90天(第13周龄)和第110天(第16周龄)进行转棒试验:2-4天内诞生的小鼠汇集用于转棒试验。一天,一天单元包括在转棒装置(AccuScanInstruments,Columbus,USA)上4RPM下5分钟的训练试验。一小时后,对动物进行3次6分钟的连续加速试验的测试,速度经360秒由0变为40RPM,并且试验间隔为至少30分钟。记录从棒上落下的等待时间。留在棒上超过360秒的小鼠被取出,它们的时间记录为360秒。
结果
组合疗法在体内模型中在ALS方面有效。
对用本发明的药物组合治疗的患病动物观察到疾病的改善。值得注意的是,本发明的药物组合有效地改善了这些动物在疾病的不同阶段的过程中改善了临床得分(表5)并改善了在上述行为测试中的表现(表6)。
表5
药物组合 | 全球临床评分的改善 |
巴氯芬和西那卡塞 | + |
西那卡塞和阿坎酸 | + |
巴氯芬-托拉塞米 | + |
巴氯芬-阿坎酸-托拉塞米 | + |
美西律和西那卡塞 | + |
磺胺异噁唑和托拉塞米 | + |
巴氯芬和阿坎酸 | + |
表6
本发明的组合物还在改善临床评分方面和在利鲁唑治疗的动物中的疾病进程中有效(表7)。
表7
参考文献
1.Camu W,Khoris J,Moulard B,Salachas F,Briolotti V,Rouleau GA,Meininger V,Genetics of familial ALS and consequences for diagnosis.FrenchALS Research Group.J Neurol Sci.1999;165Suppl 1(S21-26)
2.Mitchell JD,Borasio GD,Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.Lancet 2007;369(9578):2031-41.
3.Phukan J,Pender NP,Hardiman O,Cognitive impairment in amyotrophiclateral sclerosis.Lancet Neurol.2007;6(11):994-1003.
4.Hammad M,Silva A,Glass J,Sladky JT,Benatar M,Clinical,electrophysiologic,and pathologic evidence for sensory abnormalities inALS.Neurology.2007;69(24):2236-42.
5.Yoshida S,Kihira T,Yase Y,Etiology of Kii ALS/PDC,featuring amineral hypothesis.Rinsho Shinkeigaku.2007;47(11):970-3.
6.Waring SC,Esteban-Santillan C,Reed DM,Craig UK,Labarthe DR,PetersenRC,Kurland LT,Incidence of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and of theparkinsonism-dementia complex of Guam,1950-1989.Neuroepidemiology.2004;23(4):192-200.
7.Sapp PC,Rosen DR,Hosler BA,Esteban J,McKenna-Yasek D,O'Regan JP,Horvitz HR,Brown RH Jr,Identification of three novel mutations in the genefor Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase in patients with familial amyotrophic lateralsclerosis.Neuromuscul Disord.1995;5(5):353-7.
8.Hentati A,Ouahchi K,Pericak-Vance MA,Nijhawan D,Ahmad A,Yang Y,Rimmler J,Hung W,Schlotter B,Ahmed A,Ben Hamida M,Hentati F,Siddique T,Linkage of a commoner form of recessive amyotrophic lateral sclerosis tochromosome 15q15-q22markers.Neurogenetics.1998;2(1):55-60.
9.Ruddy DM,Parton MJ,Al-Chalabi A,Lewis CM,Vance C,Smith BN,Leigh PN,Powell JF,Siddique T,Meyjes EP,Baas F,de Jong V,Shaw CE,Two families withfamilial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are linked to a novel locus onchromosome 16q.Am J Hum Genet.2003;73(2):390-6.
10.Pasinelli P,Brown RH,Molecular biology of amyotrophic lateralsclerosis:insights from genetics.Nat Rev Neurosci.2006;7(9):710-23.
11.Gurney ME,Transgenic-mouse model of amyotrophic lateralsclerosis.N Engl J Med.1994;331(25):1721-2.
12.Deng HX,Shi Y,Furukawa Y,Zhai H,Fu R,Liu E,Gorrie GH,Khan MS,HungWY,Bigio EH,Lukas T,Dal Canto MC,O'Halloran TV,Siddique T,Conversion to theamyotrophic lateral sclerosis phenotype is associated with intermolecularlinked insoluble aggregates of SOD1in mitochondria.Proc Natl Acad Sci U SA.2006;103(18):7142-7.
13.Cai H,Lin X,Xie C,Laird FM,Lai C,Wen H,Chiang HC,Shim H,Farah MH,Hoke A,Price DL,Wong PC,Loss of ALS2function is insufficient to trigger motorneuron degeneration in knock-out mice but predisposes neurons to oxidativestress.J Neurosci.2005;25(33):7567-74.
14.Comi GP,Bordoni A,Salani S,Franceschina L,Sciacco M,Prelle A,Fortunato F,Zeviani M,Napoli L,Bresolin N,Moggio M,Ausenda CD,Taanman JW,Scarlato G,Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I microdeletion in a patient withmotor neuron disease.Ann Neurol.1998;43(1):110-6.
15.Borthwick GM,Taylor RW,Walls TJ,Tonska K,Taylor GA,Shaw PJ,IncePG,Turnbull DM,Motor neuron disease in a patient with a mitochondrial tRNAIlemutation.Ann Neurol.2006;59(3):570-4.
16.Lambrechts D,Storkebaum E,Morimoto M,Del-Favero J,Desmet F,Marklund SL,Wyns S,Thijs V,Andersson J,van Marion I,Al-Chalabi A,Bornes S,Musson R,Hansen V,Beckman L,Adolfsson R,Pall HS,Prats H,Vermeire S,RutgeertsP,Katayama S,Awata T,Leigh N,Lang-Lazdunski L,Dewerchin M,Shaw C,Moons L,Vlietinck R,Morrison KE,Robberecht W,Van Broeckhoven C,Collen D,Andersen PM,Carmeliet P,VEGF is a modifier of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in mice andhumans and protects motoneurons against ischemic death.Nat Genet.2003;34(4):383-94.
17.Bigio EH,Lipton AM,White CL 3rd,Dickson DW,Hirano A.Frontotemporaland motor neurone degeneration with neurofilament inclusion bodies:additionalevidence for overlap between FTD and ALS.Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol.2003Jun;29(3):239-53.
18.Lacomblez L,Bensimon G,Leigh PN,Guillet P,Meininger V.Dose-rangingstudy of riluzole in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.Lancet1996;347:1425–1431.
19.Ettmayer P,Amidon GL,Clement B,Testa B,Lessons learned frommarketed and investigational prodrugs.J Med Chem,2004.47(10):p.2393-404.
20.Beaumont K,Webster R,Gardner I,Dack K Design of ester prodrugs toenhance oral absorption of poorly permeable compounds:challenges to thediscovery scientist.Curr Drug Metab,2003.4(6):p.461-85.
21.Yang CY,Dantzig AH,and Pidgeon C,Intestinal peptide transportsystems and oral drug availability.Pharm Res.1999.16(9):p.1331-43.
22.Steffansen,B.,Nielsen CU,Brodin B,Eriksson AH,Andersen R,FrokjaerS,Intestinal solute carriers:an overview of trends and strategies forimproving oral drug absorption.Eur J Pharm Sci,2004.21(1):p.3-16.
23.Heimbach T,Oh DM,Li LY,Rodríguez-Hornedo N,Garcia G,Fleisher D,Enzyme-mediated precipitation of parent drugs from their phosphateprodrugs.Int J Pharm,2003.261(1-2):p.81-92.
24.Stella,BORCHARDT R,HAGEMAN M,OLIYAI R,MAAG H,TILLEY J,Prodrugs:Challenges and Rewards.Vol.Vol.1–2.2007,New York:AAPS Press and Springer.
25.Wermuth CG,Designing prodrugs and bioprecursors,in The Practice ofMedicinal Chemistry,Hardbound,Editor.2003.
26.Pezron I,Mitra AK,Duvvuri S,Tirucherai GS,Prodrug strategies innasal drug delivery.Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents,2002.12(3):pp.331-340(10).
27.Stella,V.J.,Prodrugs as therapeutics Expert Opinion on TherapeuticPatents,2004.14(3):p.pp.277-280(4).
28.Higuchi T,Stella VJ,Prodrugs As Novel Drug Delivery Systems.ACSSymposium Series.,ed.A.C.Society.1975,Washington,DC.
29.Roche EB,Design of Biopharmaceutical Properties through Prodrugsand Analogs.1977,Washington,DC American Pharmaceutical Association.
30.Stella VJ,Nti-Addae KW,Prodrug strategies to overcome poor watersolubility.Adv Drug Deliv Rev,2007.59(7):p.677-94.
31.Lal R,Sukbuntherng J,Tai EH,Upadhyay S,Yao F,Warren MS,Luo W,Bu L,Nguyen S,Zamora J,Peng G,Dias T,Bao Y,Ludwikow M,Phan T,Scheuerman RA,Yan H,Gao M,Wu QQ,Annamalai T,Raillard SP,Koller K,Gallop MA,Cundy KC,Arbaclofenplacarbil,a novel R-baclofen prodrug:improved absorption,distribution,metabolism,and elimination properties compared with R-baclofen.J PharmacolExp Ther,2009.330(3):p.911-21.
32.Xu F,Peng G,Phan T,Dilip U,Chen JL,Chernov-Rogan T,Zhang X,Grindstaff K,Annamalai T,Koller K,Gallop MA,Wustrow DJ,Discovery of a novelpotent GABA(B)receptor agonist.Bioorg Med Chem Lett,2011.21(21):p.6582-5.
33.Hanafi R,Mosad S,Abouzid K,Niess R,Spahn-Langguth H.,Baclofenester and carbamate prodrug candidates:a simultaneous chromatographic assay,resolution optimized with DryLab.J Pharm Biomed Anal,2011.56(3):569-76.
34.Leach AR,Gillet VJ,An Introduction to Chemoinformatics.2007:Springer.
35.Rahman SA,Bashton M,Holliday GL,Schrader R,Thornton JM,SmallMolecule Subgraph Detector(SMSD)toolkit.J Cheminform,2009.1(1):p.12.
36.Wishart DS,Knox C,Guo AC,Cheng D,Shrivastava S,Tzur D,Gautam B,Hassanali M,DrugBank:a knowledgebase for drugs,drug actions and drugtargets.Nucleic Acids Res,2008.36(Database issue):p.D901-6.
37.Stahl,H.and C.G.Wermuth,Handbook of Pharmaceutical Salts:Properties,Selection,and Use.2ed.2011:Wiley-VCH.
38.Singer CA,Figueroa-Masot XA,Batchelor RH,and Dorsa DMMitogen-activated protein kinase pathway mediates estrogen neuroprotection afterglutamate toxicity in primary cortical neurons.J.Neuroscience,1999.19(7):2455–2463.
39.Braun S,Croizatb B,Lagrangec MC,Wartera JM,PoindronP.Neurotrophins increase motoneurons'ability to innervate skeletal musclefibers in rat spinal cord-human muscle cocultures.Volume 136,Issues 1–2,March1996,Pages 17–23.
40.Gurney M,Pu H,Chiu A,Dal Canto M,Polchow C,Alexander D,Caliendo J,Hentati A,Kwon Y,Deng H,Motor neuron degeneration in mice that express ahuman Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase mutation.Science.1994Jun 17;264(5166):1772-5.
Claims (17)
1.包含(i)阿坎酸或其盐和(ii)巴氯芬或其盐的组合物在制备用于治疗肌萎缩性侧索硬化症(ALS)或选自原发性侧索硬化症(PLS)、进行性肌萎缩症(PMA)、假延髓病型麻痹和进行性延髓性麻痹(PBP),以及额颞叶痴呆(FTD)的运动神经元障碍的药物中的用途。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其中所述组合物进一步包含托拉塞米或其盐。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的用途,其中所述组合物进一步包含利鲁唑或其盐。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的用途,其中所述组合物配制为缓释制剂。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的用途,其中所述组合物进一步包含可药用载体或赋形剂。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的用途,其中所述组合物中的化合物一起、单独或相继配制或施用。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的用途,其中所述组合物重复施用于对象。
8.根据权利要求3所述的用途,其中利鲁唑以每天0.01至50毫克的剂量施用。
9.根据权利要求1或2所述的用途,其中阿坎酸以小于每天50毫克的剂量施用。
10.根据权利要求9所述的用途,其中阿坎酸以小于每天10毫克的剂量施用。
11.根据权利要求1或2所述的用途,其中巴氯芬以小于每天30毫克的剂量施用。
12.根据权利要求1或2所述的用途,其中所述组合物口服施用。
13.根据权利要求1或2所述的用途,其中所述组合物口服施用并与利鲁唑交错地每隔一天重复施用。
14.根据权利要求1或2所述的用途,其中巴氯芬与阿坎酸的相对重量比为250:1。
15.阿坎酸或其盐与巴氯芬或其盐组合在制备用于治疗ALS或选自原发性侧索硬化症(PLS)、进行性肌萎缩症(PMA)、假延髓病型麻痹和进行性延髓性麻痹(PBP),以及额颞叶痴呆(FTD)的运动神经元障碍的药物中的用途。
16.阿坎酸或其盐与巴氯芬或其盐和利鲁唑或其盐组合在制备用于治疗ALS或选自原发性侧索硬化症(PLS)、进行性肌萎缩症(PMA)、假延髓病型麻痹和进行性延髓性麻痹(PBP),以及额颞叶痴呆(FTD)的运动神经元障碍的药物中的用途。
17.阿坎酸或其盐与巴氯芬或其盐组合在制备用于在患有ALS或选自原发性侧索硬化症(PLS)、进行性肌萎缩症(PMA)、假延髓病型麻痹和进行性延髓性麻痹(PBP),以及额颞叶痴呆(FTD)的运动神经元障碍的患者中保护运动神经元免受谷氨酸盐毒性的药物中的用途。
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201711431079.3A CN108057033A (zh) | 2011-03-01 | 2013-02-28 | 用于治疗肌萎缩性侧索硬化症的新组合物 |
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EPPCT/EP2012/053565 | 2012-03-01 | ||
PCT/EP2012/053570 WO2012117076A2 (en) | 2011-03-01 | 2012-03-01 | Baclofen and acamprosate based therapy of neurogical disorders |
EPPCT/EP2012/053570 | 2012-03-01 | ||
PCT/EP2012/053565 WO2012117073A2 (en) | 2011-03-01 | 2012-03-01 | New compositions for treating neurological disorders |
PCT/EP2013/054024 WO2013127917A1 (en) | 2011-03-01 | 2013-02-28 | New compositions for treating amyotrophic lateral sclerosis |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201711431079.3A Division CN108057033A (zh) | 2011-03-01 | 2013-02-28 | 用于治疗肌萎缩性侧索硬化症的新组合物 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN104487064A CN104487064A (zh) | 2015-04-01 |
CN104487064B true CN104487064B (zh) | 2018-01-26 |
Family
ID=52774771
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201711431079.3A Pending CN108057033A (zh) | 2011-03-01 | 2013-02-28 | 用于治疗肌萎缩性侧索硬化症的新组合物 |
CN201380011310.7A Active CN104487064B (zh) | 2011-03-01 | 2013-02-28 | 用于治疗肌萎缩性侧索硬化症的新组合物 |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201711431079.3A Pending CN108057033A (zh) | 2011-03-01 | 2013-02-28 | 用于治疗肌萎缩性侧索硬化症的新组合物 |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (2) | CN108057033A (zh) |
HK (1) | HK1203406A1 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN114716388B (zh) * | 2021-11-04 | 2024-02-13 | 江苏冠军科技集团股份有限公司 | 一种磺胺-银化合物及其制备方法 |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2000056301A2 (en) * | 1999-03-19 | 2000-09-28 | Synchroneuron, Llc | Treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder and related neuropsychiatric disorders |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101365451A (zh) * | 2005-11-21 | 2009-02-11 | 阿拉巴马大学董事会 | 使用小分子化合物用于神经保护的方法 |
EP3560496A1 (en) * | 2008-04-29 | 2019-10-30 | Pharnext | Combination compositions for treating alzheimer disease and related disorders with zonisamide and acamprosate |
EP2389371A4 (en) * | 2009-01-22 | 2012-09-12 | Neurotherapeutics Pharma Inc | ANALOGUES OF BUMETANIDE, FUROSEMIDE, PIRETANIDE, AZOSEMIDE AND TORSEMID, AND RELATED COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS OF USE |
PL2727588T3 (pl) * | 2011-03-01 | 2019-04-30 | Pharnext | Terapia zaburzeń neurologicznych oparta na baklofenie i akamprozacie |
-
2013
- 2013-02-28 CN CN201711431079.3A patent/CN108057033A/zh active Pending
- 2013-02-28 CN CN201380011310.7A patent/CN104487064B/zh active Active
-
2015
- 2015-04-29 HK HK15104145.9A patent/HK1203406A1/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2000056301A2 (en) * | 1999-03-19 | 2000-09-28 | Synchroneuron, Llc | Treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder and related neuropsychiatric disorders |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
Coactivation of GABAA and GABAB Receptor Results in Neuroprotection During In Vitro Ischemia;Cinzia Costa et al;《Stroke》;20040115;第35卷;第596-600页 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN108057033A (zh) | 2018-05-22 |
HK1203406A1 (zh) | 2015-10-30 |
CN104487064A (zh) | 2015-04-01 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP6416328B2 (ja) | 筋萎縮性側索硬化症の治療のための新規組成物 | |
US10682342B2 (en) | Compositions for treating amyotrophic lateral sclerosis | |
KR102014883B1 (ko) | 근위축성 측삭 경화증 치료용 신규 조성물 | |
US10434109B2 (en) | Compositions for treating neurological disorders | |
US9931326B2 (en) | Composition comprising torasemide and baclofen for treating neurological disorders | |
CN104487064B (zh) | 用于治疗肌萎缩性侧索硬化症的新组合物 | |
CN109069450A (zh) | 神经障碍的新的组合疗法 | |
EP2874617B1 (en) | Baclofen and acamprosate based therapy of macular degeneration disorders | |
CA2864008C (en) | New compositions for treating amyotrophic lateral sclerosis | |
JP6158234B2 (ja) | 筋萎縮性側索硬化症の治療のための新規組成物 | |
AU2018201400B2 (en) | New compositions for treating amyotrophic lateral sclerosis |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
C06 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
GR01 | Patent grant |