CN104482783A - Shell-and-tube heat exchanger - Google Patents
Shell-and-tube heat exchanger Download PDFInfo
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- CN104482783A CN104482783A CN201410829795.7A CN201410829795A CN104482783A CN 104482783 A CN104482783 A CN 104482783A CN 201410829795 A CN201410829795 A CN 201410829795A CN 104482783 A CN104482783 A CN 104482783A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a shell-and-tube heat exchanger, and relates to the technical field of heat exchange. The shell-and-tube heat exchanger can solve the technical problem that a solid medium is easily deposited in the heat exchanger. A first spiral passage is formed in a shell of the heat exchanger, a shell side fluid flows into the first spiral passage from a shell side inlet, and the shell side fluid in the first spiral passage flows out from a shell side outlet; the first spiral passage is formed by a baffle plate in the shape of a whole curved surface; or, the first spiral passage is formed by overlapping at least two first baffle plates in sequence in an inclined mode. According to the heat exchanger, the dead volume of a shell side can be reduced, and the risk of shell side blockage caused by solid deposition is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of heat exchangers, particularly relate to a kind of shell-and-tube heat exchanger.
Background technology
Along with fast development that is economic and industry, countries in the world are faced with energy starved problem, so how efficiency utilization has the focus that the energy is various countries people growing interest.Wherein, heat exchanger is a kind of energy-saving equipment realizing heat transmission between material between two or more fluid of different temperatures, the heat of fluid higher for temperature is passed to the lower fluid of temperature, is one of capital equipment improving energy utilization rate.At present, application more widely heat exchanger is shell-and-tube heat exchanger, to be enclosed in the dividing wall type heat exchanger of wall as heat-transfer area of housing inner tube bundle.
Shell-and-tube heat exchanger is generally made up of parts such as housing, heating surface bank, tube sheet, deflection plate (baffle plate) and bobbin carriages.Housing mostly is cylindrical shape, and tube bank is placed in enclosure interior, and tube bank two ends are fixed on tube sheet.Deflection plate is placed in housing, is used for improving the individual heat transfer coefficient of extratubal fluid, improves shell-side fluid speed, forces fluid by regulation distance repeatedly laterally across tube bank, enhance fluid turbulence level.Wherein, the fluid carrying out heat exchange has two kinds, and one is at heat exchange Bottomhole pressure, is called shell-side fluid; Another kind flows outward at heat exchanger tube, is called shell-side fluid.Fluid is often once called a tube side by tube bank, is often once called a shell side by housing.And in traditional shell-and-tube heat exchanger, when entering the fluid solid content in heat exchanger in medium and being higher, heat exchanger long-play easily makes solid dielectric form local deposits in heat exchanger, fluid-pressure drop increases, thus causes heat exchange efficiency to decline.Can heat exchanger be blocked when solid dielectric deposition is serious, cause whole equipment scrapping, thus lose exchange capability of heat.
Summary of the invention
Embodiments of the invention provide a kind of shell-and-tube heat exchanger, can solve the technical problem that deposition easily occurs solid dielectric in heat exchanger.
For achieving the above object, embodiments of the invention adopt following technical scheme:
A kind of shell-and-tube heat exchanger, be provided with the first helical duct in the housing of described heat exchanger, shell-side fluid flow in described first helical duct from shell side inlet, and the shell-side fluid in described first helical duct is flowed out by shell-side outlet; Described first helical duct is formed by the deflection plate of overall curve form; Or, described first helical duct by least two the first deflection plates in turn tilt overlap joint formed.
Further, described first deflection plate is sector structure.
Further, the inclination angle scope of described first deflection plate is 5 ~ 45 °.
Further, along described shell-side fluid flow direction, the radius edge at described first baffle end place is extended with dividing plate forward or backward.
Further, described dividing plate is rectangle, trapezoidal or triangular structure.
Further, the edge of the described dividing plate flow through by fluid is set to smooth flat, waveform curved surface or zigzag curved-surface structure.
Further, described dividing plate is provided with through hole.
Further, the angular range of described dividing plate and described first deflection plate is 90 ~ 150 °.
Further, the interior height of weir of described dividing plate and the ratio range of described first deflection plate radius are 0.05 ~ 0.25, and the outer height of weir of described dividing plate and the ratio range of described interior height of weir are 0 ~ 1.
Further, described shell side inlet or/and shell-side outlet place described housing in be provided with guide shell, be provided with the second helical duct in described guide shell, described second helical duct by several second deflection plate in turn tilt overlap joint formed.
Further, the inclination angle scope of described second deflection plate is 15 ~ 40 °.
Further, the inclination angle of described second deflection plate is greater than the inclination angle of described first deflection plate.
Further, the pitch of described second helical duct and the ratio range of described guide shell internal diameter are 0.2 ~ 0.5.
Further, the outer wall of described housing is provided with ultrasonic transducer, and the operating frequency of described ultrasonic transducer is 8 ~ 40kHz, and amplitude is 10 ~ 80 μm.
The shell-and-tube heat exchanger that the embodiment of the present invention provides is provided with helical duct, namely generates the first helical duct by the deflection plate of overall curve form or at least two the first deflection plates.Shell-side fluid flow in the first helical duct by shell side inlet, and then shell-side fluid will flow in this first helical duct, and helically formula flow forward, finally flow out housing through shell-side outlet.When shell-side fluid flows in this first helical duct, rely on the centrifugal action of helical flow, the dead volume of shell side can be reduced, reduce the risk of the shell side blocking caused because of deposition of solid, thus ensure the heat exchange efficiency of heat exchanger.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the perspective view of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger described in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the perspective view of the first deflection plate being provided with dividing plate in Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the vertical section syndeton schematic diagram of Fig. 2 median septum and the first deflection plate;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger being provided with ultrasonic transducer in Fig. 1.
Reference numeral:
1, housing, the 2, first deflection plate, 3, tube sheet, 4, shell side inlet, 5, shell-side outlet,
6, heat exchanger tube installing hole, 7, dividing plate, 8, guide shell, the 9, second deflection plate,
10 ultrasonic transducers, 11, crashproof hole.
The radius of R-the first deflection plate;
The interior height of weir of a-dividing plate;
The outer height of weir of b-dividing plate;
Angle between θ-the first deflection plate and dividing plate;
The flow direction of F-shell-side fluid.
Detailed description of the invention
In the embodiment of the present invention, explanatory notes is as described below.
The angle of inclination of the first deflection plate: after referring to that the first deflection plate rotates along its radius, the angle between its plane and housing axis.
The angle of inclination of the second deflection plate: after referring to that the second deflection plate rotates along its radius, the angle between its plane and housing axis.
Interior height of weir: the separator edge height depending on nearly heat exchanger shell axis place.
Outer height of weir: the separator edge height depending on nearly heat exchanger shell place.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the shell-and-tube heat exchanger described in the embodiment of the present invention is described in detail.
The present embodiment is a kind of shell-and-tube heat exchanger, is installed with the first helical duct in the housing 1 of this heat exchanger, and shell-side fluid flow in this first helical duct from shell side inlet 4, and the shell-side fluid in this first helical duct is flowed out by shell-side outlet 5; Wherein, the first helical duct is formed by the deflection plate of overall curve form; Or, the first helical duct by least two the first deflection plates 2 in turn tilt overlap joint formed.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the first helical duct can be generated by the deflection plate of overall curve form or by least two the first deflection plates.Shell-side fluid flow in the first helical duct by shell side inlet 4, and shell-side fluid will flow in this first helical duct, and helically formula flow forward, finally flow out housing 1 through shell-side outlet 5.When shell-side fluid flows in this first helical duct, rely on the centrifugal action of helical flow, the dead volume of shell side can be reduced, reduce the risk of the shell side blocking caused because of deposition of solid, thus ensure the heat exchange efficiency of heat exchanger.
In the present embodiment, the generation type of the first helical duct can be: first deflection plate 2 forms at least one pitch of the first helical duct; Or at least two the first deflection plates 2 form a pitch of the first helical duct, as shown in Figure 1, such as: the first helical duct (or single pitch) can be formed by first deflection plates 2 such as 2,3,4,5,6 overlap joint in turn that tilts.
Wherein, when the first helical duct is formed by least two the first deflection plates 2 overlap joints, then the first deflection plate 2 can be plane sector structure or three-dimensional sector structure, when the first deflection plate 2 adopts plane sector structure, it designs, process, assemble, to open and inspect etc. the difficulty of process can decline greatly, is easy to industrialization promotion.In addition, the first deflection plate 2 can also adopt the deflection plate of other shapes.
In order to form the helical duct being unfavorable for deposition of solid, the scope at the inclination angle of the first deflection plate in overlap joint process is 5 ~ 45 °.
Along shell-side fluid flow direction in housing 1, the radius edge of the first deflection plate 2 end is extended with dividing plate 7 forward or backward, namely the radius edge place of the first deflection plate 2 end is provided with dividing plate 7, and dividing plate 7 protrudes from this first deflection plate 2 forward or backward, as shown in Figures 2 and 3.Concrete, dividing plate 7 can be rectangle, trapezoidal or triangular structure, certainly, also can adopt other non-regular shape structures.Wherein, when the shape of dividing plate 7 is trapezoidal, using two limits at inside and outside height of weir place as trapezoidal upper base and can go to the bottom, long as trapezoidal waist using the radius edge of the first deflection plate 2.The arranging can reduce even to eliminate between adjacent first deflection plate 2 of dividing plate 7 overlaps gap, thus reduces the incidence occurring deposition containing rheid housing 1 in.
When dividing plate 7 protrudes from forward first deflection plate 2 at its place, in the flow process of shell-side fluid, when shell-side fluid flows through dividing plate 7, shell-side fluid needs a slight process risen, next block first deflection plate 2 just can be flow to after walking around this dividing plate 7, in this process one on the other, part or all of shell-side fluid can be made just to stride across the gap of adjacent first deflection plate 2, thus reduce the incidence of this gap location leakage current phenomenon, and then reduce the incidence of the solid dielectric depositional phenomenon caused due to leakage current.In addition, shell-side fluid moves upward in process in the stop being subject to dividing plate 7, enhances the turbulence level of fluid, must reduce the incidence of deposition of solid.
When dividing plate 7 protrudes from first deflection plate 2 at its place backward, in the flow process of shell-side fluid, when shell-side fluid flows through dividing plate 7, shell-side fluid can along this dividing plate 7 directly to front flowing to next block first deflection plate 2, this dividing plate 7 has the effect of drainage, especially when this dividing plate 7 just in time connects with its front first deflection plate 2, the seamless process of whole helical duct can be realized, make the fluid in whole heat exchanger channels avoid the generation of leakage current phenomenon, thus also just avoid the generation of the deposition of solid phenomenon produced due to leakage current.
In the present embodiment, dividing plate 7 edge can flow through at fluid is arranged to smooth flat, waveform curved surface or zigzag curved-surface structure, also can be other non-regular shape structures.Especially, when this edge is zigzag curved-surface structure, fluid can be made to there will not be leakage current and cause deposition of solid, when flowing through first deflection plate 2 in dividing plate 7 front, fully can contact with the heat exchanger tube on this first deflection plate 2, carrying out sufficient heat exchange; And laciniation can also destroy the surface tension of fluid, reduce local resistance, reduce shell-side pressure drop, make the nowed forming of fluid more be tending towards rule, stablize, be more conducive to fluid flow and heat transfer, as shown in Figures 2 and 3.
Certain impulsive force can be applied to this dividing plate 7 when shell-side fluid flows through dividing plate 7, flow velocity this impulsive force larger is larger, the pressure drop of whole shell side is increased, heat exchanger is easily made to vibrate in the course of the work, therefore in order to reduce this impulsive force, heat exchanger is avoided to produce vibration, in the present embodiment, dividing plate 7 is provided with the through hole that several (at least one) runs through its front/rear end, i.e. crashproof hole 11, as shown in Figures 2 and 3, when shell-side fluid flows through dividing plate 7, there is segment fluid flow by crashproof hole 11 flow forward, thus reduce this impulsive force.
Concrete, the crashproof hole 11 on dividing plate 7 can be circular hole, square opening or other configured bore therethrough.When crashproof hole 11 is multiple, crashproof hole 11 can be located at the centre of dividing plate 7 height or position, upper middle be regular array, also can in be crisscross arranged up and down or other irregular forms are arranged.
In order to reduce the risk flowing through the first deflection plate 2 appearance deposition containing rheid, improving the exchange heat of heat transfer process simultaneously, and reducing system pressure drop, the angle theta between dividing plate 7 and the first deflection plate 2 is chosen as 90 ~ 150 °, being preferably 90 ~ 120 °.
The ratio range of height of weir a in dividing plate 7 and the first deflection plate 2 radius R is chosen as 0.05 ~ 0.25, is preferably 0.1 ~ 0.2; The outer height of weir b of dividing plate 7 and the ratio range of interior height of weir a are chosen as 0 ~ 1, are preferably 0.2 ~ 0.8.As b/a=0, represent outer height of weir b=0, namely the shape of dividing plate 7 is triangle.
In industry practical application engineering, national relevant specification followed by the needs that arrange of heat exchanger, shell side inlet 4 and shell-side outlet 5 have certain distance apart from tube sheet 3, especially when this heat exchanger is in high-temperature and high-pressure conditions, this kind of vibrational power flow is necessary, but the region that this structure easily causes shell side inlet 4 and shell-side outlet 5 points to be clipped between corresponding adjacent tube sheet 3 forms dead volume, thus makes the heat exchanger tube in this region not have the effect of heat exchange.In order to avoid the generation of this region dead volume phenomenon, with the housing 1 at shell side inlet 4 place in be provided with guide shell 8, the second helical duct is provided with in guide shell 8, second helical duct by least two the second deflection plates 9 in turn tilt overlap joint formed, second deflection plate 9 at this place can select the deflection plate of segmental baffle or other structures, as shown in Figure 4.
Equally, can also with the housing 1 at shell-side outlet 5 place in be provided with guide shell 8, the second helical duct is provided with in guide shell 8, second helical duct by least two the second deflection plates 9 in turn tilt overlap joint formed, second deflection plate 9 at this place can select the deflection plate of segmental baffle or other structures, as shown in Figure 4.Now, first shell-side fluid flows through the gap between guide shell 8 herein and housing 1 by shell side inlet 4, then successively by the second helical duct in the guide shell 8 at the first helical duct between the second helical duct in the guide shell 8 at shell side inlet 4 place, two guide shells 8, shell-side outlet 5 place, finally flow through the gap between the guide shell 8 at shell-side outlet 5 place and housing 1, flow out housing 1 by shell-side outlet 5.
In the flow process of shell-side fluid in heat exchanger, in order to effectively reduce system pressure drop and the blocking risk of heat exchanger further, heat exchanger also can change vertical placement into by horizontal positioned.Shell-side fluid can flow from the bottom up or flow from top to bottom.Wherein, by the effect of solid particle gravity, more can be conducive to fluid flowing, reduce or avoid the incidence of deposition of solid in housing when shell-side fluid flows from top to bottom.
Concrete, the inclination angle scope of the second deflection plate 9 is chosen as 15 ~ 40 °.Wherein, first deflection plate 2 can be identical with the inclination angle of both the second deflection plates 9, also can differently arrange, but, under normal circumstances, the inclination angle being greater than the first deflection plate 2 is arranged at the inclination angle of the second deflection plate 9, and during to ensure that fluid flows through guide shell 8, pressure drop can be less, thus ensure fluid smoothly by guide shell 8.In addition, the pitch of the second helical duct generated described in the second deflection plate 9 and the ratio range of guide shell 8 internal diameter are 0.2 ~ 0.5.
In order to improve in heat exchanger shell 1 and the level of disruption of heat exchanger tube inner fluid, the turbulence level of strengthening fluid, reduces the deposition risk of solid particle further, can be provided with ultrasonic transducer 10, as shown in Figure 4 at the outer wall of the housing 1 of heat exchanger.This ultrasonic transducer 10 can be arranged on bottom, the top or side etc. of housing 1 outer wall, can at right angle setting or certain angle that tilts.This is the characteristic that make use of ultrasonic wave itself, ultrasonic wave be a kind of high-frequency (under normal circumstances, higher than 20kHz) sound wave, its good directionality, penetration capacity is strong, be easy to obtain the acoustic energy comparatively concentrated, in water transmission distance, can be used for finding range, test the speed, clean, weld, rubble, sterilizing etc.In the present embodiment, this ultrasonic transducer 10 is exactly have employed this high-frequency, short arc ultrasonic wave, and its operating frequency is 8 ~ 40kHz, and amplitude is 10 ~ 80 μm.
Because hyperacoustic transmission degree of depth can be delivered to fluid media (medium) inside, and radially propagate with axial direction ecto-entad, what produce ultrasonic disturbance not only acts on housing 1 inwall directly contacted with ultrasonic transducer 10, also can be delivered in the heat exchanger tube tube bank of housing 1 inside, therefore, ultrasonic wave not only effectively can prevent housing 1 inwall not easily deposition of solid particle, the heat exchanger tube inner fluid (i.e. tube side fluid) of heat exchanger inside is same because hyperacoustic perturbation action vibrates in radial direction, and axially move along with the momentum of shell-side fluid flow direction, the effect of ultrasonic vibration equally also can be played to tube side fluid, and can conduct heat by strengthening process, being particularly useful for tube fluid is the situation containing rheid, now beneficial effect is more obvious, as shown in Figure 4.
In the description of this description, specific features, structure, material or feature can combine in an appropriate manner in any one or more embodiment or example.
The above; be only the specific embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, is anyly familiar with those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the present invention discloses; change can be expected easily or replace, all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should described be as the criterion with the protection domain of claim.
Claims (14)
1. a shell-and-tube heat exchanger, is characterized in that, is provided with the first helical duct in the housing of described heat exchanger, and shell-side fluid flow in described first helical duct from shell side inlet, and the described shell-side fluid in described first helical duct is flowed out by shell-side outlet; Described first helical duct is formed by the deflection plate of overall curve form; Or, described first helical duct by least two the first deflection plates in turn tilt overlap joint formed.
2. shell-and-tube heat exchanger according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described first deflection plate is sector structure.
3. shell-and-tube heat exchanger according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the inclination angle scope of described first deflection plate is 5 ~ 45 °.
4. shell-and-tube heat exchanger according to claim 1, is characterized in that, along described shell-side fluid flow direction, the radius edge at described first baffle end place is extended with dividing plate forward or backward.
5. shell-and-tube heat exchanger according to claim 4, is characterized in that, described dividing plate is rectangle, trapezoidal or triangular structure.
6. shell-and-tube heat exchanger according to claim 4, is characterized in that, the edge of the described dividing plate flow through by shell-side fluid is set to smooth flat, waveform curved surface or zigzag curved-surface structure.
7. shell-and-tube heat exchanger according to claim 4, is characterized in that, described dividing plate is provided with through hole.
8. shell-and-tube heat exchanger according to claim 4, is characterized in that, the angular range of described dividing plate and described first deflection plate is 90 ~ 150 °.
9. shell-and-tube heat exchanger according to claim 4, is characterized in that, the interior height of weir of described dividing plate and the ratio range of described first deflection plate radius are 0.05 ~ 0.25, and the outer height of weir of described dividing plate and the ratio range of described interior height of weir are 0 ~ 1.
10. the shell-and-tube heat exchanger according to any one of claim 1-9, it is characterized in that, described shell side inlet or/and shell-side outlet place described housing in be provided with guide shell, be provided with the second helical duct in described guide shell, described second helical duct by least two the second deflection plates in turn tilt overlap joint formed.
11. shell-and-tube heat exchangers according to claim 10, is characterized in that, the inclination angle scope of described second deflection plate is 15 ~ 40 °.
12. shell-and-tube heat exchangers according to claim 10, is characterized in that, the inclination angle of described second deflection plate is greater than the inclination angle of described first deflection plate.
13. shell-and-tube heat exchangers according to claim 10, is characterized in that, the pitch of described second helical duct and the ratio range of described guide shell internal diameter are 0.2 ~ 0.5.
14. shell-and-tube heat exchangers according to any one of claim 1-9, it is characterized in that, the outer wall of described housing is provided with ultrasonic transducer, and the operating frequency of described ultrasonic transducer is 8 ~ 40kHz, and amplitude is 10 ~ 80 μm.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410829795.7A CN104482783A (en) | 2014-12-26 | 2014-12-26 | Shell-and-tube heat exchanger |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201410829795.7A CN104482783A (en) | 2014-12-26 | 2014-12-26 | Shell-and-tube heat exchanger |
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| CN104482783A true CN104482783A (en) | 2015-04-01 |
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| CN201410829795.7A Pending CN104482783A (en) | 2014-12-26 | 2014-12-26 | Shell-and-tube heat exchanger |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TWI776162B (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2022-09-01 | 美商魯瑪斯科技有限責任公司 | Helically baffled heat exchanger and method of assembling a heat exchanger |
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| TWI776162B (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2022-09-01 | 美商魯瑪斯科技有限責任公司 | Helically baffled heat exchanger and method of assembling a heat exchanger |
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