CN104480950B - The Tailings Dam fill dam and its technique of building a dam of upstream type are oozed based on forced-ventilated - Google Patents
The Tailings Dam fill dam and its technique of building a dam of upstream type are oozed based on forced-ventilated Download PDFInfo
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- CN104480950B CN104480950B CN201410778586.4A CN201410778586A CN104480950B CN 104480950 B CN104480950 B CN 104480950B CN 201410778586 A CN201410778586 A CN 201410778586A CN 104480950 B CN104480950 B CN 104480950B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/18—Making embankments, e.g. dikes, dams
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of Tailings Dam fill dam that upstream type is oozed based on forced-ventilated, which is based on Tailings Dam two-stage dam structure to be built and formed using upstream type method heap of building a dam, two-stage dam structure includes initial dam and cuts oozing dam, cut and ooze the upper storehouse on dam and store up fine tailings, initial dam and cut the lower storehouse oozed between dam and store up coarse grain mine tailing；Coarse granule mine tailing is made to form Tailings Dam supporting mass using hydraulic classiciation effect；Dam is oozed as boundary to cut in upper and lower storehouse, and the saturation in upper and lower storehouse oozes Ba Chu and intersects cutting.The technique of building a dam of the Tailings Dam fill dam includes：First construction cuts and oozes dam so as to which upper storehouse forms coarse grain mine tailing deposition beach；Ooze dam downstream and build initial dam cutting again, store up thin, coarse grain mine tailing in upper and lower storehouse respectively, by the supreme storehouse of pumping station lifting fine tailings in the layover area of the outer upstream in deposition beach；Mine tailing is stored up to final absolute altitude using the upstream type method of building a dam finally.The present invention is conducive to building a dam with reference to upstream type the advantage of method, further improves safety and the economy of Tailings Dam.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Tailings Dam fill dam and its technique of building a dam, more particularly to one kind is oozed upstream type based on forced-ventilated and is built
The Tailings Dam fill dam and its technique of building a dam on dam.
Background technology
Carry out Ore and sort the place of the mine tailing that heel row goes out becoming Tailings Dam, mine tailing to store metal, non-metal mine
Dam is then the Tailings Dam outlying structure of mine tailing and water of blocking, and is often referred to the totality of initial dam and tailing dam.Initial dam refers to
Be built up with soil, stone material etc., as tailing dam row ooze or supporter dam.Tailing dam refers to production process
The middle dam piled up with mine tailing.
Basic dam of the tailings reservoir preliminary dam primarily as middle and late stage Tailings Dam fill dam, its mine tailing accumulation body to the later stage
Play a supportive role, while also corresponding to huge water seepage drainage prism.Tailings reservoir preliminary dam was built in Tailings Dam capital construction period, then
The Tailings Dam fill dam that phase presents is that by unit of operation, heap is built and formed year by year in whole production process.Fill dam refers to whole
Mine tailing accumulation body in individual Tailings Dam, this is also the main body of tailings impoundment.Tailings Dam fill dam be in Tailings Dam running,
Progressively increase the dam body to be formed using the natural sediment rule of mine tailing itself.The design of Tailings Dam is exactly according to place landform ground
The suitable damming method of the selecting factors such as matter condition, Tailings characteristis, productive prospecting, while selecting rational tailings reservoir preliminary dam dam
Type, carries out design, construction and the operation of overall fill dam, and then makes production unit carry out building a dam and transporting for later stage by design requirement
Battalion's management, it is ensured that the overall stability and security of Tailings Dam fill dam.
Moving direction of the dam crest axis relative to tailings reservoir preliminary dam position, mine tailing during building according to tailings warehouse dam body heap
The storehouse mode of building a dam is divided into that upstream type is built a dam, downstream formula is built a dam and middle wire type is built a dam；Be applied to engineering practice earliest is disposable
Build a dam, upstream type is built a dam, then begin to downstream formula occur build a dam and build a dam with middle wire type, to after 21 century, due to mine it is rapid
Development, occurs in that various methods such as tailing dry-heaping, mastic discharge.
Upstream type build a dam (abbreviation upper reaches method) refer to：When in storehouse, mine tailing deposition beach face rises to conventional 21 dam crest of initial dam,
Take sand on deposition beach nearby, upstream heap builds sub- dam 14 to the parallel initial stage axis of dam, forms new ore drawing space, ore drawing pipe is moved
Continue ore drawing to 14 dam crest of sub- dam, when mine tailing deposition beach face is raised to sub- 14 dam crest of dam, then carries out the heap on the sub- dam of next stage 14 and build
(referring to Fig. 1).By the beach face on deposition beach 11, gradually upstream direction heap builds propulsion to fill dam 4, until later stage accumulation body reaches most
Whole accumulation absolute altitude.During upstream type is built a dam, it is characterized in that 14 position of sub- dam constantly upstream elapses.To reduce saturation, big portion
Building a dam horizontal row of be all designed with of point upstream type oozes system, is oozed by horizontal drainage blind ditch 9 and 10 row of aqueduct, has certain effect,
But as dam body is formed by the tailings particles natural sediment in flowing ore pulp, in deposition beach, often contain more thin mud interlayer,
Reduce its vertical permeability coefficient, therefore upstream type builds a dam that 22 water level of saturation is general higher, dam stability is poor, particularly
4 sections of saturations of fill dam near routine initial dam 21 are the principal elements for affecting dam stabilization.
To solve the deficiency that upstream type is built a dam, Zhao Hui and Zhang Mingjian proposes the improved though of oneself respectively.
Zhao Hui proposed " the dual-dyke safety embanking method of a kind of tailing dam and ash dyke " (referring to Fig. 2) in 1998, and which is special
Point is, with double low initial dams as initial dam, traditional heap dam method, or wide canal to be pressed on the basis of interior initial dam 32, outer initial dam 31
Channel process, many gool methods concentrate discharge ore pulp and mortar, and in two initial dams, one after the other heap dam, gradually rises, interior first
Foundation surface between phase dam 32, outer initial dam 31 sets bottom anti-filter row's infiltration layer 36, sets up outer in the outer dam slope of interior initial dam 32
Domatic row's infiltration layer 33, and be connected with bottom anti-filter row's infiltration layer 36, oozed with reinforced platoon.
This improved though improves conventional upstream type to a certain extent and builds a dam the deficiency of method, accelerates mine tailing drainage solid
Knot, reduces the saturation 37 of dam body, enhances its stability, but due to the presence on two-stage dam, be also introduced into following drawback：
First, two initial dams are ore drawing before conventional dam, but as the storehouse body length of outer dam body 34 is limited, normally only coarse grain mine tailing can
Deposition, and most of fine tailings then can form settling section in afterbody, interior dam body 35 is generally greater than outer dam body 34, and this settling section is straight
Connect dam body 35 in soaking domatic, form mud area, affect the normal ore drawing of interior dam body 35, while the also stability of internal dam body 35
Constitute threat；Second, this thinking it is critical only that the saturation for reducing outer dam body 34, but as outer dam body 34 uses water
Power is classified, and there are a large amount of thin mud interlayers, and vertical permeability coefficient is low, and row's infiltration rate degree is slow, thus outer dam seepage line cannot quickly under
Drop, mine tailing drainage are slower, it is difficult to produce a desired effect, and particularly in the case of heavy rain, rain infiltration speed is slow, affects mine tailing
Drainage is consolidated.
Zhang Mingjian proposes " a kind of to build double dam upper reaches methods that tailing dam heap is built a dam " in nineteen ninety-five, and it is to build that its engineering is constituted
Upper and lower two initial dams are found, anti-filter drain system system is set on the ground between two dam bodys.Tailing heap building method was at the upper initial stage
Either side or both sides above dam abutment sets mine tailing grading station, the Tailings Slurry underflow of early stage Jing classification concentration upper initial dam, it is lower just
The up stream slope on phase dam is discharged, the sedimentary strong to form permeability, between the up stream slope and two dams of the upper and lower dam body of protection
Normal step emission operation is proceeded to behind the dry beach of the anti-filter drain system system of base, certain length to be formed and area.Concentration classification
Another pond then can be first deposited in overflow, and the later stage is directly discharged in storehouse.
This improved though is basically identical with the thinking of Zhao Hui in structure, all employs the shape on two-stage dam in structure
Formula, while anti-filter row's infiltration layer is set on the ground between two initial dams, is oozed with the row for strengthening area's mine tailing.Then have in ore drawing technique
Institute is different, and employing mine tailing grading station carries out early stage classification, therefore mine tailing permeability is relatively preferable.But, the program there is also
Following shortcoming：First, the program increased the capital expenditure of grading station, and grading station brings many troubles to production again, such as
The mobile inconvenience of grading station, operation management difficulty is big, operation and maintenance cost is high etc.；Second, the mine tailing between two dam bodys is only arranged
Bottom row ooze, and water seepage drainage effect is relatively limited, it is difficult to guarantee quick, the abundant drainage of area's mine tailing.
Therefore, although existing upstream type is built a dam, method and its improvement possess some superiority, but still there are some not
Foot, corrective measure is still not perfect enough, and the main material of its fill dam is unsaturated soil, and the correlational study of unsaturated soil also not into
It is ripe, its Seepage problems is particularly, its seepage parameters and computational methods all need further research and analysis demonstration.Therefore, in order to
Preferably play upstream to build a dam the advantage of method, compensate its defect, we be necessary to be improved further the upstream method of building a dam and
Optimization, to better ensure that stablizing for Tailings Dam, while making cost of investment control in zone of reasonableness, and ensures the side of operating with
Just.
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, there is provided one kind can fully combine existing upstream
Method is built a dam and center line is built a dam method three's advantage in build a dam method, downstream of formula, and can greatly improve the safety of Tailings Dam operation, stability
With the Tailings Dam fill dam that upstream type is oozed based on forced-ventilated of economy, the technique of building a dam of the Tailings Dam fill dam is correspondingly provided.
To solve above-mentioned technical problem, technical scheme proposed by the present invention is a kind of Tailings Dam that upstream type is oozed based on forced-ventilated
Fill dam, the Tailings Dam fill dam are based on Tailings Dam two-stage dam structure to be built and formed using upstream type method heap of building a dam, described
Tailings Dam two-stage dam structure includes the initial dam for being laid in Tailings Dam downstream and is laid in cutting for initial dam upstream oozing dam, described section
Ooze dam and be preferably permeable rock-fill dams；Described section of upstream reservoir area for oozing dam is that the upper storehouse for mainly storing up fine tailings (or claims fine grained
Permanent heap warehousing), the initial dam and to cut the reservoir area oozed between dam be that the lower storehouse for mainly storing up coarse grain mine tailing (or claims coarse granule to sink
Product storehouse), lower storehouse be using the hydraulic classiciation effect of waterpower alluvial process make coarse granule mine tailing first in lower storehouse deposition, Jing is successively again
Pile up coarse grain mine tailing and form Tailings Dam supporting mass, lower storehouse is mainly the deposition beach and storehouse face of coarse grain mine tailing without tailing water settling section；
The Shang Ku and lower storehouse are to cut the center line for oozing dam as boundary, and Shang Ku and lower storehouse merge mine tailing of the composition with overall fixed slope
Storehouse fill dam；The lower storehouse saturation in the upper storehouse saturation in the upper storehouse and lower storehouse oozes Ba Suoquyuchu and intersects cutting.
The technical scheme of the invention described above is based primarily upon following principle：First, ore dressing plant discharge mine tailing be generally coarse granule,
The mine tailing of fine grained mixing, due to being affected by fine grained mine tailing, the mine tailing accumulation body of this thick, fine grained mixing is not only consolidated
Slowly, low intensity, and it is unfavorable for stablizing for accumulation body.Therefore, the advantage of method of being built a dam based on existing upstream type of the invention, first
Using the two-stage dam structure for dividing upper and lower storehouse, lower storehouse is made to deposit storehouse as coarse granule, using waterpower alluvial process in lower storehouse
Hydraulic classiciation effect makes coarse granule mine tailing first deposit in lower storehouse, forms Tailings Dam supporting mass, and make supporting mass after successively piling up
Fully consolidate；And upper storehouse is then as fine grained tailing heap warehousing, the tailing water in upper storehouse can be oozed dam and be dammed by cutting for middle part, and then
Discharge outside Tailings Dam, fully ensure that the drainage effect of the operation security and support edges body in lower storehouse of Tailings Dam.
In the above-mentioned Tailings Dam fill dam that upstream type is oozed based on forced-ventilated, due to upstream type build a dam method deposition beach on mine tailing
Simply relatively thick, if mine tailing granularity is overall relatively thin, saturation water level still may be higher, is more effectively to reduce saturation,
Can be solved by strengthening water seepage drainage facility.For example, dam is oozed by described section and be set to permeable rock-fill dams so as to collect storehouse seepage flow
And the reverse seepage flow in lower storehouse, the described section of bottom for oozing dam is provided with seepage flow fairlead, so that infiltration is entered flood drainage system in storehouse.
In the above-mentioned Tailings Dam fill dam that upstream type is oozed based on forced-ventilated, the described section of dam crest for oozing dam is also preferably equipped with cutting and oozes
Wall, cut-off wall ooze dam and are connected with cutting, cut-off wall with cut total the cutting of oozing dam and ooze height (from seepage flow fairlead to cut-off wall top
The 1/2～2/3 of overlying mine tailing piling height herein is preferably highly), the thickness of cut-off wall is preferably 2m～5m.Cut by arranging
The infiltration that wall more fully can be blocked in storehouse is oozed, strengthens seepage preventing effect, the mine tailing consolidation in acceleration in storehouse.
In the above-mentioned Tailings Dam fill dam that upstream type is oozed based on forced-ventilated, it is preferred that the fine tailings are primarily referred to as grain
Tailings particles of the footpath scope in below 0.037mm；The coarse grain mine tailing is primarily referred to as mine tailing of the particle size range in more than 0.032mm
Granule.
In the above-mentioned Tailings Dam fill dam that upstream type is oozed based on forced-ventilated, as lower Kuku body length is limited, and not clear
Clear area, essentially deposits beach, it is preferred that forced-ventilated is preferably arranged in the lower storehouse and oozes system.It is furthermore preferred that the forced-ventilated oozes and is
System includes supporting internal radiant type drainage blind ditch, collection seepage well and reverse aqueduct positioned at lower storehouse Tailings Dam；The radiant type row
Ooze french drain to connect with collection seepage well, dam is oozed on upstream section of reverse aqueduct slope, the infiltration for collecting seepage well collection passes through reverse aqueduct
Import and cut the seepage flow fairlead oozed in dam.Lower storehouse needs special reinforcement initial stage row to ooze, and oozes system by currently preferred forced-ventilated
Lower storehouse Zhong Paishen directions are changed to cause cut and ooze dam, cause osmotic pressure reversely, so achievable beach face seepage flow upstream cuts and oozes
Dam flows, and so as to reduce sliding force, cuts down the osmotic pressure of whole dam body, favourable to dam stability.Arrange vertical collection to ooze
Well can receive the infiltration of each layer radiant type drainage blind ditch, and the setting length of radiant type drainage blind ditch can be according to the seepage flow in lower storehouse
The permeation effects radius of control length and accumulation mine tailing comprehensively determines.
In the above-mentioned Tailings Dam fill dam that upstream type is oozed based on forced-ventilated, it is furthermore preferred that the upper storehouse 13 can be provided with routine
Horizontal row ooze system, specifically include horizontal drainage blind ditch and aqueduct, the parallel axis of dam arrangement of horizontal drainage blind ditch, aqueduct
Arrange perpendicular to the axis of dam, and be connected with horizontal drainage blind ditch, it is horizontal drainage blind ditch to aqueduct that its row oozes path.
In the above-mentioned Tailings Dam fill dam that upstream type is oozed based on forced-ventilated, cut and dam is oozed with initial dam determination of distance and lower storehouse
In effectively deposition beach length it is related, effectively deposition beach be Tailings Dam expert Wang Yeping professors propose the seventies in last century it is general
Read, during herein cited effective deposition beach refers to upstream heap dam method, in mine tailing deposition beach, fineness ratio is relatively thick, water penetration is relatively strong,
There is a dry beach part of initial bearing capacity, its macroscopical presentation is that effectively to deposit the beach end longitudinal gradient amplitude that slows down big and continuous.Effectively
Deposition beach can carry out segmentation statistics by granularity or bearing capacity, it is considered that Dominant particle consists of more than 0.02mm, in sand
Property material stacking, from for the basis of supporting mass for forming tailings dam, it is main that can take granularity for 0.037mm or 0.074mm
The deposition beach of particle diameter composition.In order to be able to preferably form the layover area for not clarifying tailing water and entrained with fine tailings, keep away
Exempt from mine tailing clarification of water occurs in lower storehouse so that thin tailings (silt) sinks to the bottom, while in order that the pumping station during heap dam can be preferably
Fine tailings are promoted to into upper storehouse, and described section oozes distance of the dam away from initial dam and (always total height of dam be preferably established at according to orographic condition
Height of dam refers to the final discrepancy in elevation piled up between absolute altitude and original ground of Tailings Dam design) 2～3 times, should basis during specific design
The conditions such as the level of mine tailing is matched somebody with somebody, place landform carry out specific design.
In the above-mentioned Tailings Dam fill dam that upstream type is oozed based on forced-ventilated, the height of the initial dam should be whole according to Tailings Dam
Body is needed determining, mainly according to aggregate storage capacity it needs to be determined that, because the height of initial dam has obvious shadow to forming aggregate storage capacity
Ring.In the present invention, the height of initial dam can also be oozed according to row it needs to be determined that, when generally greater than middle collimation method or downstream formula are built a dam
One-level drainage debris dam.And cut and ooze the height on dam and can determine by the mine tailing amount of half a year to 1 year is stored up.
Used as a total technology design, the present invention also provides a kind of above-mentioned Tailings Dam for oozing upstream type based on forced-ventilated and piles up
The technique of building a dam on dam, comprises the following steps：
(1) the design addressing according to the Tailings Dam two-stage dam structure, first described in the corresponding location construction in design
Cut and ooze dam, and mine tailing is stored up in the usual way in the upper storehouse for oozing the formation of dam upstream is cut, close the cutting in storehouse is oozed in the region on dam
The coarse grain mine tailing deposition beach is formed, this causes seepage flow condition bad primarily to being avoided storehouse from all piling up fine tailings；
(2), during storing up mine tailing in upper storehouse, the downstream position construction initial dam on dam is oozed in beginning cutting, and makes institute
State initial dam and cut to ooze and formed between dam lower storehouse；The construction of lower storehouse initial dam can slightly be later than cutting for upstream and ooze dam, specific to construct
Construction-time can be determined according to use condition；Centering, small-scale tailing ponds need to only utilize lower storehouse once to form the condition of support edges body,
Typically can build in 1～2 year evening and use；
(3) when the accumulation absolute altitude of mine tailing in upper storehouse exceed cut ooze dam dam crest absolute altitude after, start simultaneously in Shang Ku and lower storehouse
Pile up mine tailing；And coarse grain mine tailing is mainly stored up in lower storehouse, fine tailings are mainly stored up in upper storehouse；Coarse grain mine tailing in lower storehouse
Deposit in its effectively deposition beach, effectively the upstream region beyond deposition beach is arranged to not clarify tailing water and entrained with particulate tail
The layover area of ore deposit：Through our research repeatedly and experiment, tail should not be reserved in the storehouse of the coarse granule crystallizing field in lower storehouse
Mineral water settling section, but the ore pulp area for being changed to arrange several small areas in the position that dam downstream toe is oozed near described section (faces
When stagnant area), do not clarify the fine tailings of tailing water and its entrained with to accommodate, so just can go out in lower storehouse for later separation
Fine grained mine tailing provides corresponding place space, can also avoid the downstream dam slope in the upper storehouse of large area immersion；In the layover
Pumping station (or dredger) is set in area, is made pumping station that the fine tailings in the region are promoted to upper storehouse and is stored up；This kind of pumping station is lifted
The working method of building a dam of mine tailing still belongs to the first time application in Tailings Dam field, and with originality, its advantageous exists：Pumping station can be with
The continuous rising of water level in layover area and to float move, this not only effectively instead of original cyclone classification mode, and
And thoroughly solve original cyclone classification mode and need constantly to migrate the technical barrier of cyclone classification equipment upwards, greatly simplify
Follow-up heap dam and operation process, reduce equipment investment cost；
(4), when in storehouse, the mine tailing piled up in absolute altitude and upper storehouse of mine tailing is piled up absolute altitude and is decreased to setting height instantly, cancel
Layover area is set before this, pumping station is removed, the upstream type for starting to follow conventional lines builds a dam method in the Tailings Dam two-stage dam structure
On store up mine tailing, until the final absolute altitude on heap dam to Tailings Dam fill dam, and successively construct that to ooze system (such as blind for upper water flat raft
Ditch, aqueduct etc.)；Now go up the seepage flow in storehouse and dam is oozed and horizontal row oozes system discharge by cutting, may not flow into lower storehouse, block
The seepage flow supply source of lower storehouse accumulation body, lower storehouse gradually become drainage accumulation body, and stablizing for Tailings Dam fill dam is greatly improved
Property.It is computed, the saturation under the later stage in storehouse is only slightly above earth's surface, for stablizing for Tailings Dam fill dam is very favorable.
Above-mentioned technique of building a dam, in the step (4), in upper storehouse, the accumulation absolute altitude of mine tailing oozes dam dam crest absolute altitude more than cutting
It is concrete highly preferred for 10m～20m.
Compared with prior art, it is an advantage of the current invention that：
(1) the Tailings Dam fill dam that the present invention oozes upstream type based on forced-ventilated remains existing upstream type and builds a dam the every excellent of method
Point, such as process is simple, equipment is simple, management easy to operate, operating cost and construction cost is low, side slope is relatively fixed, run
Phase can prevent side slope exposed and airborne dust.
(2) initial dam is provided with the Tailings Dam fill dam that upstream type is oozed based on forced-ventilated of the invention, its major function is heap
Product compared with coarseness mine tailing, and formed whole Tailings Dam solid supporting mass (this be not requirement initial dam formed lower storehouse in
Coarse grain mine tailing is stored up all, general only to form relatively large support edges body), this just substantially increases the stability of dam body
With the safety of Tailings Dam.In addition, the present invention takes full advantage of the hydraulic classiciation characteristic of mine tailing, although its granularity is slightly thin, but its
Deposition rule is clearer, and consolidation condition clearly, is easy to calculate analysis, and its accumulation aspect is typically close to orthogonal with slip circle face, is
A kind of imponderable safety stock, this is difficult to using cyclone classification or grading station classification.
(3) present invention is oozed in the Tailings Dam fill dam of upstream type the upstream on dam in the early stage and is additionally provided with one section and oozed based on forced-ventilated
Dam, by the rational deployment to Tailings Dam later stage water seepage drainage facility and setting, this section ooze dam may also function as and meanwhile solve Shang Ku and under
Storehouse row oozes the technique effect of problem, makes Xia Ku ooze solidification problem with the row in upper storehouse and obtains overall, comprehensive consideration.
(4) by the fine tailings in lower storehouse are promoted to upper storehouse with pump or dredger in currently preferred technical scheme
Store up, this can not only increase the coarse grain Contents of Tailings in lower storehouse as support edges body, improve support edges body bearing strength, while
The water seepage drainage effect of support edges body can be strengthened, the stability of true tailings dam body is guaranteed jointly.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the heap dam principle schematic that prior art middle and upper reaches formula is built a dam.
Fig. 2 is the dual-dyke safety embanking method principle schematic of a kind of tailing dam and ash dyke in prior art.
Fig. 3 is that the Tailings Dam fill dam for oozing upstream type based on forced-ventilated in the embodiment of the present invention is built a dam the structural representation of 1 phase.
Fig. 4 is that the Tailings Dam fill dam for oozing upstream type based on forced-ventilated in the embodiment of the present invention is built a dam the structural representation of 2 phases.
Fig. 5 is that the Tailings Dam fill dam for oozing upstream type based on forced-ventilated in the embodiment of the present invention is built a dam the structural representation of 3 phases.
Fig. 6 is that the Tailings Dam fill dam for oozing upstream type based on forced-ventilated in the embodiment of the present invention is built a dam the structural representation of 4 phases.
Fig. 7 be the embodiment of the present invention in oozed based on forced-ventilated upstream type Tailings Dam fill dam structural representation.
Fig. 8 is that routinely upstream type is built a dam stability Calculation result figure (comparative example) in a concrete application example.
Fig. 9 is that the embodiment of the present invention in a concrete application example is oozed upstream type based on forced-ventilated and built a dam stability Calculation result
Figure.
Marginal data：
1st, initial dam；2nd, cut and ooze dam；3rd, cut-off wall；4th, fill dam；5th, radiant type drainage blind ditch；6th, collect seepage well；7th, reversely
Aqueduct；8th, seepage flow fairlead；9th, horizontal drainage blind ditch；10th, aqueduct；11st, deposit beach；12nd, lower storehouse；13rd, upper storehouse；14th, son
Dam；15th, layover area；16th, pumping station；17th, ore drawing pipe；18th, lower storehouse saturation；19th, upper storehouse saturation；21st, conventional initial dam；
22nd, upstream type is built a dam saturation；31st, outer initial dam；32nd, interior initial dam；33rd, outer slope row infiltration layer；34th, outer dam body；35th, interior dam
Body；36th, bottom anti-filter row infiltration layer；37th, saturation.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with Figure of description and concrete preferred embodiment, the invention will be further described, but not therefore and
Limit the scope of the invention.
Embodiment：
The Tailings Dam fill dam that based on forced-ventilated ooze upstream type of certain Tailings Dam using the present invention, as shown in fig. 7, the Tailings Dam
Fill dam is based on Tailings Dam two-stage dam structure to be built and formed using upstream type method heap of building a dam, Tailings Dam two-stage Ba Jiegoubao
Include the initial dam 1 for being laid in Tailings Dam downstream and dam 2 is oozed with cutting for 1 upstream of initial dam is laid in, cut based on the upstream reservoir area for oozing dam 2
The upper storehouse 13 stored up by fine tailings, initial dam 1 and section reservoir area oozed between dam 2 are the lower storehouse 12 for mainly storing up coarse grain mine tailing；
Lower storehouse 12 be using the hydraulic classiciation effect of waterpower alluvial process make coarse granule mine tailing first in lower storehouse deposition, again Jing successively pile up
Coarse grain mine tailing forms Tailings Dam supporting mass.Lower storehouse 12 is mainly the deposition beach and storehouse face of coarse grain mine tailing without tailing water settling section；On
Storehouse 13 and lower storehouse 12 are constituted with overall fixed slope after upper storehouse 13 and the merging of lower storehouse 12 with cutting the center line for oozing dam 2 as boundary
Tailings Dam fill dam 4；The lower storehouse saturation 18 in the upper storehouse saturation 19 in upper storehouse 13 and lower storehouse 12 is oozed at 2 region of dam cutting
It is intersecting.Fine tailings are primarily referred to as tailings particles of the particle size range in below 0.037mm；Coarse grain mine tailing is primarily referred to as particle size range
In the tailings particles of more than 0.032mm.
In the present embodiment, cut and dam 2 is oozed for a permeable rock-fill dams；Cut ooze dam 2 bottom be provided with and Tailings Dam flood drainage system connect
Logical seepage flow fairlead 8.Cut and ooze the dam crest on dam 2 and be additionally provided with cut-off wall 3, cut-off wall 3 with section ooze dam 2 and be connected.Cut-off wall 3
Thickness is 2m～5m, and the height of cut-off wall 3 is 2/3 (referring to Fig. 7) of overlying mine tailing piling height H herein.
In the present embodiment, lower storehouse is provided with forced-ventilated and oozes system, and the forced-ventilated system of oozing includes a plurality of radiant type drainage blind ditch 5；Spoke
Penetrate formula drainage blind ditch 5 to connect by vertical collection seepage well 6.The infiltration that collection seepage well 6 is collected imports to cut by reverse aqueduct 7 oozes dam
Interior seepage flow fairlead 8.Upper storehouse 13 is provided with conventional horizontal row and oozes system, specifically includes horizontal drainage blind ditch 9 and aqueduct 10,
The 9 parallel axis of dam of horizontal drainage blind ditch arranges that aqueduct 10 is arranged perpendicular to the axis of dam, and is connected with horizontal drainage blind ditch 9, its
Row ooze path for horizontal drainage blind ditch 9 to aqueduct 10.
In the present embodiment, cutting and distance controlling of the dam 2 away from initial dam 1 being oozed in 325m, the height of initial dam 1 is 36.5m.
The Tailings Dam fill dam for oozing upstream type based on forced-ventilated of above-mentioned the present embodiment is built a dam and method for running, specifically includes
Following steps：
(1) as shown in figure 3, according to the design addressing of Tailings Dam two-stage dam structure, the first corresponding location construction in design is built
Make above-mentioned section and ooze dam 2, and the mine tailing based on fine grained is stored up in the upper storehouse 13 for oozing the formation of 2 upstream of dam is cut.Cut the dam crest for oozing dam 2
It is additionally provided with cut-off wall 3, cut-off wall 3 oozes dam 2 and is connected with cutting, and the thickness of cut-off wall 3 is 2m～5m.
(2) during mine tailing is stored up in upper storehouse 13, storehouse 13 is made to sink near formation coarse grain mine tailing in the region for oozing dam 2 is cut
Product beach.All piling up fine tailings in order to avoid upper storehouse 13 causes seepage flow condition bad, preferably first builds and first uses upper storehouse 13, make
The cutting of storehouse 13 also forms coarse grain mine tailing deposition beach before oozing dam 2, forms preferable seepage flow condition, is easy to reduce the leaching of storehouse fill dam
Profit line water level.
(3), during storing up mine tailing in upper storehouse 13, the downstream position construction initial dam 1 on dam 2 is oozed in beginning cutting,
Make initial dam 1 and cut to ooze formed between dam 2 lower storehouse 12.
(4) as shown in figure 4, oozing 2 dam crest absolute altitude of dam (about 10m or so) when the accumulation absolute altitude of mine tailing in upper storehouse 13 exceedes to cut
Afterwards, start to pile up mine tailing simultaneously in upper storehouse 13 and lower storehouse 12, ore drawing pipe 17 is moved on to into 14 dam crest of sub- dam step by step when piling up mine tailing
Ore drawing is carried out, and coarse grain mine tailing is mainly stored up in lower storehouse 12, fine tailings are mainly stored up in upper storehouse 13；It is thick in lower storehouse 12
Grain mine tailing is deposited in its effectively deposition beach, and effectively the upstream region beyond deposition beach is arranged to not clarify tailing water and entrained with
The layover area 15 of fine tailings：Pumping station 16 is set in layover area 15, pumping station 16 is made by the particulate tail in the region
Ore deposit is promoted to storehouse 13 and stores up；Now go up 13 sections of storehouse and ooze more than 2 dam crest of dam and piled up the stronger thicker mine tailing of water penetration, thereon again
Pile up the granularity mine tailing poor compared with thin, water penetration, its seepage flow can pass through to ooze under formed deposition beach is gradually vertical, major part meeting
The thicker mine tailing of 13 bottom of storehouse is deeply gone up, is likely to certainly to form suspension water, but is not typically interfered with dam stabilization；Shadow is produced such as
Ring, by the thick mine tailing layer that vertical drainage pipe connection bottom can be set, reduce saturation water level.
(5) as shown in Figure 5, Figure 6, in storehouse 12, the absolute altitude of piling up of mine tailing piles up absolute altitude reduction with the mine tailing in upper storehouse 13 instantly
During to setting height (about within 5m), cancel, remove pumping station 16, start the upstream for following conventional lines
Formula method of building a dam stores up mine tailing in Tailings Dam two-stage dam structure, ore drawing pipe 17 is moved on to sub- dam 14 dam crest step by step when piling up mine tailing and is entered
Row ore drawing, until the final absolute altitude on heap dam to Tailings Dam fill dam；The seepage flow for now going up storehouse 13 oozes dam and horizontal row by cutting
System discharge is oozed, lower storehouse 12 is may not flow into, the seepage flow supply source of lower storehouse accumulation body has been blocked, lower storehouse 12 gradually becomes drainage accumulation
Body, is greatly improved the stability of Tailings Dam fill dam.
In the step of the present embodiment (4), tail-rotor need to be taken out under water due to lifting pumping station, therefore selects draft less
Light-duty pumping station (dredger may also be employed if necessary).The position of pumping station should determine according to mine tailing deposition classification rule, can typically press
Determine more than the distributed areas boundary line of 0.037mm mine tailings, both can guarantee that the clarification distance of coarse grain mine tailing, prevent excessive mine tailing from entering
Enter layover area 15 (i.e. ore pulp area), fine tailings can be lifted again.Elevator pump should be ore slurry pump, if it is desired, also optional band
The ore slurry pump of splash bar.The demand that ore pulp area size should be balanced according to mine tailing wholegrain degree and thickness determines, in order to prevent excessive mine tailing
Into ore pulp area, the scope in ore pulp area is reduced, under possible condition, diving grid can be set in ore pulp area periphery.
Experiment shows that it is high that the tailing dam in the embodiment of the present invention based on two-stage upper reaches method can effectively reduce saturation
Degree, the saturation of lower storehouse supporting mass are only slightly above earth's surface, essentially drainage area, for stablizing for Tailings Dam fill dam is that have very much
Profit.
Therefore, the Tailings Dam fill dam for oozing upstream type based on forced-ventilated of the present invention is built a dam in in-depth analysis upstream type
And its on the basis of the work operation mechanism and pros and cons of improved though, fully absorb what its advantage was proposed, not only mine tailing piles up rule
Rule is more clear, and design parameter and relevant design conditions are more clear and definite, and is to form supporting mass with thicker mine tailing, and on heap dam
During form fixed slope, this to improve safety during follow-up tailing heap dam, prevent that side slope is exposed to both provide weight
Premise and basis are wanted, while avoiding impact of the lower storehouse settling section to upper storehouse ore drawing, the row for strengthening lower storehouse is oozed, enhanced stable
Property.
The heap dam of follow-up Tailings Dam and operation during, instantly storehouse 12 pile up absolute altitude exceed cut ooze 2 dam crest absolute altitude of dam after,
Can the only tailing disposal in upper storehouse 13,13 seepage water of upper storehouse will be cut oozes dam 2 (wall) cut-out, does not enter lower storehouse 12, and this is suitable
In the main watering for eliminating lower storehouse support edges body seepage water, high degree reduces the lower storehouse saturation 18 in lower storehouse 12,
So that saturation 18 water level in storehouse is close to original ground under lower storehouse accumulation body, it is that the abundant consolidation of tailing dam supporting mass creates optimum
Condition, and form safe and reliable supporting mass for Tailings Dam and provide premise, be conducive to greatly improving the safety and stability of tailing dam
Performance, also to make full use of land resource and heap high dam to create condition.
We have carried out dam body in the concrete engineering of another employing the present embodiment Tailings Dam fill dam and its technique of building a dam
The concrete calculating of stability and relative analyses, dam foundation elevation 1390m in the embodiment, initial dam crest elevation 1440m, final heap
Product absolute altitude 1680m, reservoir level 1677m, material parameter are as shown in table 1 below, and routinely upstream type is built a dam and oozed by forced-ventilated of the present invention
The result of calculation of upstream type Tailing dam construction is respectively as shown in Figure 8 and Figure 9.
Table 1：Stability Calculation material parameter table in certain Application Example
From Fig. 8 and Fig. 9, according to saturation result of calculation, the leaching of upstream type Tailing dam construction is oozed based on forced-ventilated of the present invention
Profit line is built a dam significantly lower than conventional upstream type, and the saturation height of particularly supporting mass is substantially reduced, and is essentially close to earth's surface, base
This is drainage area.Due to cutting the presence for oozing dam, Tailings Dam posterior segment saturation declines quickly, increased between saturation and dam slope
Safe distance；Upstream type is built a dam, and slows down under its saturation, still higher to Tailings Dam hypomere, is unfavorable for dam stabilization.
According to static(al) stable conditions result of calculation, upstream type Tailing dam construction minimum safety factor is oozed based on the forced-ventilated of the present invention
2.50, upstream type is built a dam as 1.61, it is seen then that forced-ventilated of the present invention ooze upstream type Tailing dam construction be greatly improved dam stability and
Safety.Upstream type is built a dam, and gliding mass is sufficiently bulky, extends to dam bottom from dam bottom substantially, and forced-ventilated oozes upstream type mine tailing builds
, typically in Xia Ku, gliding mass volume is relatively small for dam slip circle, and the loss caused by after accident is also relatively small.
The present invention above-mentioned technical proposal be based on large-scale or important Tailings Dam propose, especially in, fine fraction tail
Ore deposit is built a dam, but equally applicable to small-scale tailing ponds, and the quantities that its quantities is built a dam with middle wire type or downstream formula is built a dam is close, but
Technique effect is significantly superior.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of technique of building a dam of the Tailings Dam fill dam that upstream type is oozed based on forced-ventilated, the Tailings Dam fill dam is with Tailings Dam two
Build and form using upstream type method heap of building a dam based on level dam structure, it is characterised in that：The Tailings Dam two-stage dam structure includes laying
In the initial dam in Tailings Dam downstream（1）Be laid in initial dam（1）Dam is oozed in cutting for upstream（2）, cut and ooze dam（2）Upstream reservoir area set
Mainly to store up the upper storehouse of fine tailings（13）, the initial dam（1）Dam is oozed with cutting（2）Between reservoir area be set to mainly to store up it is thick
The lower storehouse of grain mine tailing（12）, the upper storehouse（13）With lower storehouse（12）Dam is oozed to cut（2）Center line for boundary；The upper storehouse（13）In
Upper storehouse saturation（19）With lower storehouse（12）Lower storehouse saturation（18）Dam is oozed cutting（2）Intersect at region；It is described to build a dam
Technique specifically includes following steps：
（1）According to the design addressing of the Tailings Dam two-stage dam structure, first cut described in the corresponding location construction in design and ooze
Dam（2）, dam is oozed cutting（2）The upper storehouse that upstream is formed（13）In store up mine tailing, make storehouse（13）Dam is oozed near cutting（2）Region in
Form coarse grain mine tailing deposition beach；
（2）In Shang Ku（13）In store up mine tailing during, start cut ooze dam（2）Downstream position construction initial dam
（1）, make the initial dam（1）Dam is oozed with cutting（2）Between reservoir area be set to mainly store up the lower storehouse of coarse grain mine tailing（12）；Lower storehouse
（12）Be using the hydraulic classiciation effect of waterpower alluvial process make coarse granule mine tailing first in lower storehouse deposition, again Jing successively pile up slightly
Grain mine tailing forms Tailings Dam supporting mass；Lower storehouse（12）Predominantly the deposition beach and storehouse face of coarse grain mine tailing is without tailing water settling section；
（3）When upper storehouse（13）The accumulation absolute altitude of middle mine tailing oozes dam more than cutting（2）After dam crest absolute altitude, start simultaneously in Shang Ku（13）With
Lower storehouse（12）Middle accumulation mine tailing；And in Xia Ku（12）In mainly store up coarse grain mine tailing, in Shang Ku（13）In mainly store up particulate tail
Ore deposit；Lower storehouse（12）In coarse grain mine tailing deposit in its effectively deposition beach, effectively the upstream region beyond deposition beach is arranged to not
The layover area of clarification tailing water and entrained with fine tailings（15）：In the layover area（15）Interior setting pumping station
（16）, make pumping station（16）Fine tailings in the region are promoted to into upper storehouse（13）Store up；
（4）Instantly storehouse（12）The accumulation absolute altitude of middle mine tailing and upper storehouse（13）In mine tailing pile up absolute altitude when being decreased to setting height,
Cancel（15）, remove pumping station（16）, the upstream type for starting to follow conventional lines builds a dam method in the mine tailing
Mine tailing is stored up in storehouse two-stage dam structure, until the final absolute altitude on heap dam to Tailings Dam fill dam, upper storehouse（13）With lower storehouse（12）Jing
Merge and constitute the Tailings Dam fill dam with overall fixed slope.
2. technique of building a dam according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described section oozes dam（2）For permeable rock-fill dams；Described section
Ooze dam（2）Bottom be provided with seepage flow fairlead（8）；Described section oozes dam（2）Dam crest be additionally provided with cut-off wall（3）, cut-off wall（3）With
Cut and ooze dam（2）It is connected.
3. technique of building a dam according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The cut-off wall（3）Thickness be 2m～5m, cut ooze
Dam（2）With cut-off wall（3）Total cut 1/2～2/3 determination for oozing that height clicks here overlying mine tailing piling height.
4. technique of building a dam according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The fine tailings are primarily referred to as particle size range and exist
The tailings particles of below 0.037mm；The coarse grain mine tailing is primarily referred to as tailings particles of the particle size range in more than 0.032mm.
5. the technique of building a dam according to any one of claim 2～4, it is characterised in that：The lower storehouse（12）Inside it is provided with strong
Row oozes system.
6. technique of building a dam according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：The forced-ventilated system of oozing is included positioned at lower storehouse（12）Tail
Ore deposit storehouse supports internal radiant type drainage blind ditch（5）, collection seepage well（6）And reverse aqueduct（7）；The radiant type drainage blind ditch
（5）With collection seepage well（6）Connection, collects seepage well（6）The infiltration of collection passes through reverse aqueduct（7）Import and cut the seepage flow extraction oozed in dam
Pipe（8）.
7. the technique of building a dam according to any one of Claims 1 to 4, it is characterised in that：Described section oozes dam（2）Away from initial dam
（1）Distance determined at 2～3 times of total height of dam according to orographic condition.
8. the technique of building a dam according to any one of Claims 1 to 4, it is characterised in that：The step（3）In, upper storehouse
（13）The accumulation absolute altitude of middle mine tailing oozes dam more than cutting（2）The concrete height of dam crest absolute altitude is 10m～20m.
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| CN105672242A (en) * | 2015-12-31 | 2016-06-15 | 武汉大学 | Consolidating and water draining system and method for coal cinder yard of coal-fired power plant |
| CN105696518B (en) * | 2016-01-28 | 2017-09-19 | 中钢集团马鞍山矿山研究院有限公司 | A kind of fine tailings solidify dry heaping method |
| CN109137819A (en) * | 2018-07-12 | 2019-01-04 | 北京矿冶科技集团有限公司 | A kind of Tailings Dam movable type cyclone classification is built a dam system and implementation method |
| CN109826180B (en) * | 2019-03-21 | 2023-12-08 | 北京矿冶科技集团有限公司 | Tailing dam seepage-discharging reinforcing system |
| CN110318404B (en) * | 2019-07-09 | 2024-02-06 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Neutral line type tailing dam |
| CN111305210B (en) * | 2020-03-05 | 2021-05-25 | 中钢集团马鞍山矿山研究总院股份有限公司 | Ultra-fine grain tailing pond heightening and expanding heap-discharging structure adopting midline method for one-time dam building |
| CN113152386B (en) * | 2021-02-04 | 2023-03-21 | 南昌工学院 | Cable crane grading damming system of wet-process stockpiling tailing pond |
| CN114186307A (en) * | 2021-10-08 | 2022-03-15 | 南昌工学院 | Construction method for building dam by high-concentration ore discharge tailing pond upstream method |
| CN114892681A (en) * | 2022-06-17 | 2022-08-12 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Sand dam, tailing dam and medium-line tailing damming method |
| CN116090080B (en) * | 2023-04-07 | 2023-10-24 | 兰州有色冶金设计研究院有限公司 | Design method for stepped steeping structure of full-section infiltration line of tailing dam |
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| DE2747507A1 (en) * | 1977-10-22 | 1979-05-03 | Hoechst Ag | Hydraulic structure forming dam or dyke - consists of row of interlocking filled sacks of alternate circular and hollow dumb=bell form in horizontal section |
| CN1099083A (en) * | 1994-02-17 | 1995-02-22 | 张明鉴 | Double-dam upper reaches method for construction of tailings dam |
| CN1232130A (en) * | 1998-04-16 | 1999-10-20 | 赵晖 | Tails dyke and ash dyke dual-dyke safety embanking method |
| CN202117155U (en) * | 2011-06-11 | 2012-01-18 | 昆明有色冶金设计研究院股份公司 | Efficient leakage drainage device for inner slope of initial dam of tailing pond |
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