CN104480950A - Strong draining and seepage-based upstream type tailings pond fill dam and damming technology thereof - Google Patents
Strong draining and seepage-based upstream type tailings pond fill dam and damming technology thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a strong draining and seepage-based upstream type tailings pond fill dam. The strong draining and seepage-based upstream type tailings pond fill dam is built by an upstream type damming method on the basis of a two-level dam structure of a tailings pond, wherein the two-level dam structure comprises a primary dam and a seepage-prevention dam; fine-grain tailings are piled up in an upper pond of the seepage-prevention dam, and coarse-grain tailings are piled up in a lower pond between the primary dam and the seepage-prevention dam; a tailings pond bearing body is formed by the coarse-grain tailings under the action of hydraulic classification; the seepage-prevention dam is taken as a dividing line for the upper pond and the lower pond, and the seepage lines of the upper pond and the lower pond intersect on the seepage-prevention dam. The damming technology of the tailings pond fill dam comprises the following steps: firstly, constructing to build the seepage-prevention dam to cause the upper pond to form a coarse-grain tailings depositing beach; then, constructing the primary dam in the downstream area of the seepage-prevention dam, respectively piling up the fine-grain tailings and the coarse-grain tailings in the upper pond and the lower pond, and lifting the fine-grain tailings to the upper pond by a pump ship in a temporary stagnant area in the upstream area out of the depositing beach; finally, the tailings are piled to a final elevation by an upstream type damming method. The strong draining and seepage based upstream type tailings pond fill dam is favorable for further improving the safety and the economy of the tailings pond by combining with the advantages of the upstream type damming method.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Tailings Dam fill dam and technique of building a dam thereof, particularly relate to and a kind ofly ooze based on forced-ventilated the Tailings Dam fill dam and technique of building a dam thereof that upstream type builds a dam.
Background technology
In order to store metal, non-metal mine carries out the place that ore sorts the mine tailing of rear discharge becomes Tailings Dam, and tailing dam is then the Tailings Dam outlying structure of mine tailing and water of blocking, and is often referred to the overall of initial dam and tailing dam.Initial dam refers to and builds up with soil, stone material etc., ooze as the row of tailing dam or the dam of supporter.Tailing dam refers in manufacturing process with the dam that mine tailing is piled up.
Tailings reservoir preliminary dam is mainly as the basic dam of middle and later periods Tailings Dam fill dam, and it plays a supportive role to the mine tailing accumulation body in later stage, is also equivalent to huge water seepage drainage prism simultaneously.Tailings reservoir preliminary dam builds period in Tailings Dam capital construction, and the Tailings Dam fill dam that the later stage presents is piled year by year to build by unit of operation to form in whole manufacturing process.Fill dam refers to the mine tailing accumulation body in whole Tailings Dam, and this is also the main body of tailings impoundment.Tailings Dam fill dam is in Tailings Dam running, utilizes the natural sediment rule of mine tailing itself and progressively increases the dam body of formation.The design of Tailings Dam is exactly according to the suitable damming method of the selecting factors such as place topographic and geologic condition, Tailings characteristis, productive prospecting, select rational tailings reservoir preliminary dam dam type simultaneously, carry out the design of overall fill dam, construction and operation, and then make production unit carry out building a dam of later stage and operation management by designing requirement, guarantee the stability and security of Tailings Dam fill dam entirety.
Build in process that dam crest axis is relative to the moving direction of tailings reservoir preliminary dam position according to tailings warehouse dam body heap, the Tailings Dam mode of building a dam is divided into upstream type to build a dam, downstream formula is built a dam and center line formula is built a dam; Be applied to engineering practice the earliest be disposablely to build a dam, upstream type builds a dam, start subsequently to occur that downstream formula is built a dam and center line formula is built a dam, after 21 century, because mine develops rapidly, occurred the multiple method such as tailing dry-heaping, lotion discharge.
Upstream type is built a dam, and (abbreviation upper reaches method) refers to: when in storehouse, mine tailing deposition beach face rises to conventional initial dam 21 dam crest, sand is got nearby in deposition beach, parallel initial dam axis is upstream piled and is built sub-dam 14, form new ore drawing space, ore drawing pipe is moved on to sub-dam 14 dam crest and continue ore drawing, when mine tailing deposition beach face is raised to sub-dam 14 dam crest, then the heap carrying out the sub-dam 14 of next stage is built (see Fig. 1).Fill dam 4 by deposition beach 11 beach face gradually upstream direction heap build propelling, until later stage accumulation body reaches final accumulation absolute altitude.During upstream type is built a dam, be characterized in that position, sub-dam 14 is constantly upstream passed.For reducing phreatic line, major part upstream type is built a dam and is all designed with Horizontal drainage of infiltrate water system, oozed by Horizontal drainage of infiltrate water french drain 9 and aqueduct 10 row, there is certain effect, but because dam body is formed by the tailings particles natural sediment in flowing ore pulp, often containing more thin interburden layer in deposition beach, reduce its vertical permeability coefficient, therefore upstream type phreatic line 22 water level of building a dam is general higher, dam stability is poor, and the 4 sections of phreatic lines of the fill dam particularly near conventional initial dam 21 are the principal elements affecting dam stabilization.
For solving the upstream type deficiency of building a dam, Zhao Hui and Zhang Mingjian proposes oneself improved though respectively.
Zhao Hui proposed in 1998 " the dual-dyke safety embanking method of a kind of tailing dam and ash dyke " (see Fig. 2), be characterized in two low initial dam as initial dam, in interior initial dam 32, by tradition heap dam method on the basis of outer initial dam 31, or wide gool method, many gools method or concentrate discharge ore pulp and mortar, one after the other heap dam in two initial dam, raise gradually, in interior initial dam 32, foundation surface between outer initial dam 31 establishes bottom anti-filter row infiltration layer 36, outer slope row infiltration layer 33 is set up at the outer dam slope of interior initial dam 32, and arrange infiltration layer 36 with bottom anti-filter and be connected, ooze with reinforced platoon.
This improved though improves conventional upstream type to a certain extent and to build a dam the deficiency of method, accelerate mine tailing drainage consolidation, reduce the phreatic line 37 of dam body, enhance its stability, but due to the existence on two-stage dam, also following drawback is introduced: first, two initial dam are ore drawing before conventional dam, but because the storehouse body length of outer dam body 34 is limited, general only coarse grain mine tailing can deposit, most of fine tailings then can form settling section at afterbody, interior dam body 35 is general higher than outer dam body 34, it is domatic that this settling section directly soaks interior dam body 35, form mud district, the normal ore drawing of dam body 35 in impact, also internally the stability of dam body 35 constitutes threat simultaneously, second, the key of this thinking is the phreatic line reducing outer dam body 34, but what adopt due to outer dam body 34 is hydraulic classiciation, there is a large amount of thin interburden layer, vertical permeability coefficient is low, row's infiltration rate degree is slow, and because dam seepage line cannot decline fast in addition, mine tailing drainage is slower, be difficult to produce a desired effect, particularly in heavy rain situation, rain infiltration speed is slow, affects the drainage consolidation of mine tailing.
Zhang Mingjian proposed " a kind of tailing dam of building piles two dams upper reaches method of building a dam " in nineteen ninety-five, and it is set up upper and lower two initial dam that its engineering is formed, and the ground between two dam bodys is arranged anti-filter drain system system.Tailings pile building method is that mine tailing grading station is established in either side above upper initial stage dam abutment or both sides; early stage, the classified Tailings Slurry underflow concentrated discharged at the up stream slope of upper initial dam, lower initial dam; to form the strong sedimentary deposit of permeability; protect the anti-filter drain system system of ground between the up stream slope of upper and lower dam body and two dams, behind the dry beach of certain length to be formed and area, proceed to normal step emission operation.The overflow of classification of concentrating then can first deposit in another pond, and the later stage directly enters in storehouse.
This improved though is structurally basically identical with the thinking of Zhao Hui, structurally all have employed the form on two-stage dam, the ground simultaneously between two initial dam is established anti-filter arrange infiltration layer, oozes with the row strengthening this district's mine tailing.Then different in ore drawing technique, have employed mine tailing grading station and carry out classification in early stage, therefore mine tailing permeability is relatively better.But the program also exists following shortcoming: the first, the program adds the capital investment of grading station, and grading station brings a lot of trouble to production again, and the movement as grading station is inconvenient, operational administrative difficulty is large, operation and maintenance cost is high; Mine tailing between second, two dam bodys is only provided with bottom row and oozes, and water seepage drainage effect is comparatively limited, is difficult to quick, the abundant drainage guaranteeing this district's mine tailing.
Therefore, although existing upstream type is built a dam, method and improvement thereof possess some superiority, but still come with some shortcomings, corrective measure is perfect still not, the main material of its fill dam is unsaturated soil, and the correlative study of unsaturated soil is also immature, particularly its Seepage problems, its seepage parameters and computational methods all need further research and analysis demonstration.Therefore, to build a dam the advantage of method to play upstream better, compensating its defect, we are necessary to be improved further the upstream method of building a dam and to optimize, to ensure the stable of Tailings Dam better, make cost of investment control at zone of reasonableness simultaneously, and ensure easy for operation.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention overcomes the deficiencies in the prior art, one is provided fully to build a dam method three advantage in conjunction with existing upstream type build a dam method and center line of method, downstream of building a dam, and greatly can improve the Tailings Dam fill dam oozing upstream type based on forced-ventilated of the safety of Tailings Dam operation, stability and economy, the also corresponding technique of building a dam that this Tailings Dam fill dam is provided.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical scheme that the present invention proposes is a kind of Tailings Dam fill dam oozing upstream type based on forced-ventilated, this Tailings Dam fill dam is based on Tailings Dam two-stage dam structure, adopt upstream type method heap of building a dam to build and form, described Tailings Dam two-stage dam structure comprises the initial dam that is laid in Tailings Dam downstream and is laid in cutting of initial dam upstream oozes dam, and described section oozes dam and be preferably permeable loose rock dam; Described section of reservoir area, upstream of oozing dam is the upper storehouse (or claiming fine grained forever to pile warehousing) of mainly storing up fine tailings, described initial dam and section reservoir area of oozing between dam are the lower storehouse (or claiming coarse granule deposition storehouse) of mainly storing up coarse grain mine tailing, lower storehouse utilizing the hydraulic classiciation effect of waterpower alluvial process that coarse granule mine tailing is first deposited in lower storehouse, forming Tailings Dam supporting mass through successively piling up coarse grain mine tailing again, lower storehouse be mainly the deposition beach of coarse grain mine tailing and face, storehouse without tailing water settling section; Described Shang Ku and lower storehouse with cut ooze dam center line for boundary, and Shang Ku and lower storehouse merge the Tailings Dam fill dam forming and have overall fixed slope; To ooze Ba Suoquyuchu crossing cutting for the lower storehouse phreatic line in the upper storehouse phreatic line in described upper storehouse and lower storehouse.
The technical scheme of the invention described above is mainly based on following principle: first; the mine tailing that mine tailing is generally coarse granule, fine grained mixing is discharged in ore dressing plant; due to the impact by fine grained mine tailing; not only consolidation is slow, intensity is low for the mine tailing accumulation body of this thick, fine grained mixing, and is unfavorable for the stable of accumulation body.Therefore, the present invention is based on existing upstream type to build a dam the advantage of method, first the two-stage dam structure dividing upper and lower storehouse is adopted, lower storehouse is made to deposit storehouse as coarse granule, in lower storehouse, utilize the hydraulic classiciation effect of waterpower alluvial process that coarse granule mine tailing is first deposited in lower storehouse, form Tailings Dam supporting mass after successively piling up, and make the abundant consolidation of supporting mass; Upper storehouse is then as fine grained tailings pile warehousing, and the tailing water in upper storehouse can be oozed dam and dams by cutting of middle part, and then discharges outside Tailings Dam, fully ensures the drainage effect of support edges body in the operation security of Tailings Dam and lower storehouse.
Above-mentioned oozes in the Tailings Dam fill dam of upstream type based on forced-ventilated, the mine tailing of building a dam on method deposition beach due to upstream type is just relatively thick, if mine tailing granularity entirety is comparatively thin, phreatic line water level still may be higher, for more effectively reducing phreatic line, can solve by strengthening water seepage drainage facility.Such as, ooze dam be set to permeable loose rock dam by described section, make it collect the reverse seepage flow of storehouse seepage flow and lower storehouse, described section of bottom of oozing dam is provided with seepage flow fairlead, infiltration is entered flood drainage system in storehouse.
Above-mentioned oozes in the Tailings Dam fill dam of upstream type based on forced-ventilated, the described section of dam crest oozing dam is also preferably provided with cut-off wall, cut-off wall oozes dam and is connected with cutting, cut-off wall with cut ooze dam total and cut and ooze height (from seepage flow fairlead to the height on cut-off wall top) and preferably cover 1/2 ~ 2/3 of mine tailing piling height herein, the thickness of cut-off wall is preferably 2m ~ 5m.More fully can block infiltration in upper storehouse by arranging cut-off wall, strengthening seepage preventing effect, the mine tailing consolidation in acceleration in storehouse.
Above-mentioned oozes in the Tailings Dam fill dam of upstream type based on forced-ventilated, and preferably, described fine tailings mainly refers to the tailings particles of particle size range at below 0.037mm; Described coarse grain mine tailing mainly refers to the tailings particles of particle size range at more than 0.032mm.
Above-mentioned oozes in the Tailings Dam fill dam of upstream type based on forced-ventilated, and because lower Kuku body length is limited and do not have settling section, basic is deposition beach, preferably, can preferably arrange forced-ventilated and ooze system in described lower storehouse.Preferred, the described forced-ventilated system of oozing comprises the radiant type row being positioned at lower storehouse Tailings Dam supporting mass and oozes french drain, collection seepage well and reverse aqueduct; Described radiant type row is oozed french drain and is communicated with collection seepage well, and dam is oozed on upstream section of reverse aqueduct slope, and the infiltration that collection seepage well is collected imports the seepage flow fairlead cutting and ooze in dam by reverse aqueduct.Lower storehouse need the special reinforcement initial stage arrange ooze, Zhong Paishen direction, lower storehouse changed into cause to cut by the preferred forced-ventilated of the present invention system of oozing and ooze dam, cause osmotic pressure reverse, can realize like this beach face seepage flow upstream cut ooze dam flowing, thus can sliding force be reduced, cut down the osmotic pressure of whole dam body, favourable to dam stability.Arrange the infiltration that each layer radiant type row of vertical collection seepage well receivability oozes french drain, what radiant type row oozed french drain arranges length, comprehensively can determine according to the osmotic control length in lower storehouse and the permeation effects radius piling up mine tailing.
Above-mentioned oozes in the Tailings Dam fill dam of upstream type based on forced-ventilated, preferred, described upper storehouse 13 can be provided with conventional Horizontal drainage of infiltrate water system, specifically comprise Horizontal drainage of infiltrate water french drain and aqueduct, the parallel axis of dam of Horizontal drainage of infiltrate water french drain is arranged, aqueduct is arranged perpendicular to the axis of dam, and is connected with Horizontal drainage of infiltrate water french drain, and it is that Horizontal drainage of infiltrate water french drain is to aqueduct that its row oozes path.
Above-mentioned oozes in the Tailings Dam fill dam of upstream type based on forced-ventilated, cut effective length depositing beach in the determination and lower storehouse of oozing dam and initial dam distance relevant, effective deposition beach is that Tailings Dam expert Wang Yeping teaches the concept proposed the seventies in last century, effective deposition beach of quoting herein refers in heap dam, upstream method, the dry beach part that in mine tailing deposition beach, fineness ratio is comparatively thick, water permeability is comparatively strong, have initial supporting capacity, its macroscopical presentation effectively deposits beach end longitudinal gradient to slow down amplitude greatly and continuously.Segmentation statistics can be carried out by granularity or supporting capacity in effective deposition beach, it is generally acknowledged that Dominant particle consists of more than 0.02mm, in grittiness material stacking, from the basis of supporting mass forming tailings dam, can to get granularity be 0.037mm or 0.074mm is the deposition beach of primary particle size composition.In order to the layover district not clarifying tailing water and entrained with fine tailings can be formed better, avoid occurring in lower storehouse tailing water clarification so that thin tailings (silt) sinks to the bottom, simultaneously in order to make the pumping station in heap dam process better fine tailings can be promoted to upper storehouse, described section oozes the distance of dam apart from initial dam is preferably established at total height of dam (total height of dam refers to the final discrepancy in elevation of piling up between absolute altitude and original ground of Tailings Dam design) according to orographic condition 2 ~ 3 times, should carry out specific design during specific design according to conditions such as the grating of mine tailing, place landform.
Above-mentioned oozes in the Tailings Dam fill dam of upstream type based on forced-ventilated, and the height of described initial dam should need decide according to Tailings Dam entirety, mainly according to aggregate storage capacity need determine, because the height of initial dam has obvious impact to formation aggregate storage capacity.In the present invention, the height of initial dam also can ooze according to row and need to determine, one-level drainage debris dam when generally building a dam higher than middle collimation method or downstream formula.And cut the height oozing dam and can determine by the mine tailing amount of storing up half a year to one year.
As a total technical conceive, the present invention also provides a kind of above-mentioned technique of building a dam of oozing the Tailings Dam fill dam of upstream type based on forced-ventilated, comprises the following steps:
(1) according to the design addressing of described Tailings Dam two-stage dam structure, first cut described in the corresponding location construction of design and ooze dam, and cut ooze upstream, dam formed upper storehouse in store up mine tailing in the usual way, make storehouse form described coarse grain mine tailing deposition beach near cutting in the region of oozing dam, this mainly all piles up fine tailings and causes seepage flow condition bad in order to avoid upper storehouse;
(2) store up in the process of mine tailing in upper storehouse, start cutting the downstream position construction initial dam of oozing dam, make described initial dam and cut to ooze between dam to form lower storehouse; The construction of lower storehouse initial dam slightly can be later than cutting of upstream and ooze dam, and the concrete construction time can be determined according to service condition; Centering, small-scale tailing ponds only need utilize lower storehouse once to form the condition of support edges body, generally can build 1 ~ 2 year evening and use;
(3) after the accumulation absolute altitude of mine tailing in upper storehouse exceedes and cuts and ooze dam dam crest absolute altitude, start simultaneously in Shang Ku and lower storehouse, to pile up mine tailing, and coarse grain mine tailing is mainly stored up in lower storehouse, in upper storehouse, mainly store up fine tailings, coarse grain mine tailing in lower storehouse deposits in its effectively deposition beach, upstream region beyond effective deposition beach is arranged to the layover district not clarifying tailing water and entrained with fine tailings: through our research repeatedly and experiment, tailing water settling section should not be reserved in the storehouse of the coarse granule crystallizing field in lower storehouse, but change the ore pulp district (i.e. layover district) that several small size is set in the position of oozing downstream, dam toe near described section into, to hold the fine tailings not clarifying tailing water and entrained with thereof, so just, can be the later separation fine grained mine tailing gone out in lower storehouse and space, corresponding place is provided, also large area can be avoided to soak the downstream dam slope in upper storehouse, pumping station (or dredge boat) is set in described layover district, makes pumping station that the fine tailings in this region is promoted to upper storehouse and store up, the working method of building a dam that this kind of pumping station promotes mine tailing still belongs to the first time in Tailings Dam field application, there is originality, its advantageous exists: pumping station can move to floating with the continuous rising of water level in layover district, this not only effectively instead of original cyclone classification mode, and thoroughly solve the technical barrier that original cyclone classification mode needs constantly upwards to move cyclone classification equipment, enormously simplify follow-up heap dam and operation process, reduce equipment investment cost,
(4) mine tailing instantly in storehouse in the accumulation absolute altitude of mine tailing and upper storehouse piles up absolute altitude when being decreased to setting height, cancel and layover district is set before this, remove pumping station, the upstream type starting to follow conventional lines method of building a dam stores up mine tailing in described Tailings Dam two-stage dam structure, until heap dam is to the final absolute altitude of Tailings Dam fill dam, and upper water flat raft of successively constructing oozes system (such as french drain, aqueduct etc.); The seepage flow now going up storehouse oozes dam and the discharge of Horizontal drainage of infiltrate water system by cutting, and can not flow into lower storehouse, blocked the seepage flow supply source of time storehouse accumulation body, lower storehouse gradually becomes drainage accumulation body, has increased substantially the stability of Tailings Dam fill dam.As calculated, the phreatic line under the later stage in storehouse, only a little more than earth's surface, is very favorable for the stable of Tailings Dam fill dam.
Above-mentioned technique of building a dam, in described step (4), in upper storehouse, the accumulation absolute altitude of mine tailing exceedes and cuts the concrete height oozing dam dam crest absolute altitude and be preferably 10m ~ 20m.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) the present invention is based on Tailings Dam fill dam that forced-ventilated oozes upstream type to remain existing upstream type and to build a dam every advantage of method, such as technique is simple, equipment is simple, bookkeeping is convenient, operating cost is low with construction cost, side slope relative fixing, runtime can prevent the exposed and airborne dust of side slope.
(2) the present invention is based on forced-ventilated to ooze in the Tailings Dam fill dam of upstream type and be provided with initial dam, its major function is to pile up the mine tailing compared with coarseness, and formed whole Tailings Dam solid supporting mass (this be not requirement initial dam formed lower storehouse in all store up coarse grain mine tailing, general need form relatively large support edges body), this just substantially increases the stability of dam body and the safety of Tailings Dam.In addition, the present invention takes full advantage of the hydraulic classiciation characteristic of mine tailing, although its granularity is slightly thin, but its deposition rule is clearer, consolidation condition is clear and definite, is convenient to computational analysis, and its pile up aspect general with slip circle face close to orthogonal, be a kind of imponderable safety stock, this adopts cyclone classification or grading station classification to be difficult to realize.
(3) the present invention is based on upstream that forced-ventilated oozes dam in the early stage in the Tailings Dam fill dam of upstream type to be also provided with one section and to ooze dam, by to the rational deployment of Tailings Dam later stage water seepage drainage facility and setting, this section oozes dam also can be played and solve Shang Ku and lower storehouse row oozes the technique effect of problem simultaneously, makes the row in Xia Ku and upper storehouse ooze solidification problem and obtains overall, comprehensive consideration.
(4) store up by the fine tailings in lower storehouse being promoted to upper storehouse with pump or dredge boat in the preferred technical scheme of the present invention, this can not only increase the coarse grain Contents of Tailings as support edges body in lower storehouse, improve support edges body bearing strength, the water seepage drainage effect of support edges body can be strengthened simultaneously, jointly guarantee the stability of true tailings dam body.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the heap dam principle schematic that prior art middle and upper reaches formula is built a dam.
Fig. 2 is the dual-dyke safety embanking method principle schematic of a kind of tailing dam and ash dyke in prior art.
Fig. 3 is that the Tailings Dam fill dam oozing upstream type based on forced-ventilated in the embodiment of the present invention is built a dam the structural representation of 1 phase.
Fig. 4 is that the Tailings Dam fill dam oozing upstream type based on forced-ventilated in the embodiment of the present invention is built a dam the structural representation of 2 phases.
Fig. 5 is that the Tailings Dam fill dam oozing upstream type based on forced-ventilated in the embodiment of the present invention is built a dam the structural representation of 3 phases.
Fig. 6 is that the Tailings Dam fill dam oozing upstream type based on forced-ventilated in the embodiment of the present invention is built a dam the structural representation of 4 phases.
Fig. 7 is the structural representation of the Tailings Dam fill dam oozing upstream type in the embodiment of the present invention based on forced-ventilated.
Fig. 8 in an embody rule example routinely upstream type to build a dam stability calculation result figure (comparative example).
Fig. 9 is that the embodiment of the present invention is oozed upstream type based on forced-ventilated and to be built a dam stability calculation result figure in an embody rule example.
Marginal data:
1, initial dam; 2, cut and ooze dam; 3, cut-off wall; 4, fill dam; 5, radiant type row oozes french drain; 6, seepage well is collected; 7, reverse aqueduct; 8, seepage flow fairlead; 9, Horizontal drainage of infiltrate water french drain; 10, aqueduct; 11, beach is deposited; 12, Xia Ku; 13, Shang Ku; 14, Zi Ba; 15, layover district; 16, pumping station; 17, ore drawing pipe; 18, lower storehouse phreatic line; 19, upper storehouse phreatic line; 21, conventional initial dam; 22, upstream type is built a dam phreatic line; 31, outer initial dam; 32, interior initial dam; 33, outer slope row infiltration layer; 34, outer dam body; 35, interior dam body; 36, bottom anti-filter row infiltration layer; 37, phreatic line.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with Figure of description and concrete preferred embodiment, the invention will be further described, but protection domain not thereby limiting the invention.
Embodiment:
Certain Tailings Dam adopts the Tailings Dam fill dam oozing upstream type based on forced-ventilated of the present invention, as shown in Figure 7, this Tailings Dam fill dam is based on Tailings Dam two-stage dam structure, adopt upstream type method heap of building a dam to build and form, this Tailings Dam two-stage dam structure comprises the initial dam 1 that is laid in Tailings Dam downstream and is laid in cutting of initial dam 1 upstream oozes dam 2, cutting the reservoir area, upstream of oozing dam 2 is the upper storehouse 13 of mainly storing up fine tailings, and initial dam 1 and a section reservoir area of oozing between dam 2 are the lower storehouse 12 of mainly storing up coarse grain mine tailing; Lower storehouse 12 utilizes the hydraulic classiciation effect of waterpower alluvial process that coarse granule mine tailing is first deposited in lower storehouse, again through successively piling up coarse grain mine tailing formation Tailings Dam supporting mass.Lower storehouse 12 be mainly the deposition beach of coarse grain mine tailing and face, storehouse without tailing water settling section; Upper storehouse 13 and lower storehouse 12 with cut ooze dam 2 center line for boundary, upper storehouse 13 and lower storehouse 12 merge the Tailings Dam fill dam 4 that rear formation has overall fixed slope; To ooze region place, dam 2 crossing cutting for the lower storehouse phreatic line 18 in the upper storehouse phreatic line 19 in upper storehouse 13 and lower storehouse 12.Fine tailings mainly refers to the tailings particles of particle size range at below 0.037mm; Coarse grain mine tailing mainly refers to the tailings particles of particle size range at more than 0.032mm.
In the present embodiment, cut that to ooze dam 2 be permeable loose rock dam; Cut the bottom of oozing dam 2 and be provided with the seepage flow fairlead 8 be communicated with Tailings Dam flood drainage system.Cut the dam crest oozing dam 2 and be also provided with cut-off wall 3, cut-off wall 3 with section ooze dam 2 and be connected.The thickness of cut-off wall 3 is 2m ~ 5m, the height of cut-off wall 3 be herein on cover 2/3 (see Fig. 7) that mine tailing piles up height H.
In the present embodiment, lower storehouse is provided with forced-ventilated and oozes system, and this forced-ventilated system of oozing comprises many radiant type rows and oozes french drain 5; Radiant type row is oozed french drain 5 and is communicated with by vertical collection seepage well 6.The infiltration that collection seepage well 6 is collected imports the seepage flow fairlead 8 cutting and ooze in dam by reverse aqueduct 7.Upper storehouse 13 is provided with conventional Horizontal drainage of infiltrate water system, specifically comprise Horizontal drainage of infiltrate water french drain 9 and aqueduct 10, the parallel axis of dam of Horizontal drainage of infiltrate water french drain 9 is arranged, aqueduct 10 is arranged perpendicular to the axis of dam, and be connected with Horizontal drainage of infiltrate water french drain 9, it is Horizontal drainage of infiltrate water french drain 9 to aqueduct 10 that its row oozes path.
In the present embodiment, cut and ooze the distance controlling of dam 2 apart from initial dam 1 at 325m, the height of initial dam 1 is 36.5m.
Above-mentioned the present embodiment ooze building a dam and method for running of the Tailings Dam fill dam of upstream type based on forced-ventilated, specifically comprise the following steps:
(1) as shown in Figure 3, according to the design addressing of Tailings Dam two-stage dam structure, first ooze dam 2 at above-mentioned section of the corresponding location construction of design, and ooze that to store up fine grained in upper storehouse 13 that upstream, dam 2 formed be main mine tailing cutting.Cut the dam crest oozing dam 2 and be also provided with cut-off wall 3, cut-off wall 3 with section ooze dam 2 and be connected, the thickness of cut-off wall 3 is 2m ~ 5m.
(2) storing up in the process of mine tailing in upper storehouse 13, making storehouse 13 form coarse grain mine tailing deposition beach near cutting in the region of oozing dam 2.All piling up fine tailings in order to avoid upper storehouse 13 causes seepage flow condition bad, first should build and first use upper storehouse 13, make storehouse 13 cut ooze dam 2 before also form coarse grain mine tailing deposition beach, form good seepage flow condition, be convenient to the phreatic line water level reducing upper storehouse fill dam.
(3) store up in the process of mine tailing in upper storehouse 13, start cutting the downstream position construction initial dam 1 of oozing dam 2, make initial dam 1 and cut to ooze between dam 2 to form lower storehouse 12.
(4) as shown in Figure 4, when the accumulation absolute altitude of mine tailing in upper storehouse 13 exceed cut ooze dam 2 dam crest absolute altitude (about about 10m) after, start in upper storehouse 13 and lower storehouse 12, to pile up mine tailing simultaneously, when piling up mine tailing, ore drawing pipe 17 is moved on to sub-dam 14 dam crest step by step and carry out ore drawing, and coarse grain mine tailing is mainly stored up in lower storehouse 12, in upper storehouse 13, mainly store up fine tailings; Coarse grain mine tailing in lower storehouse 12 deposits in its effectively deposition beach, upstream region beyond effective deposition beach is arranged to the layover district 15 not clarifying tailing water and entrained with fine tailings: in layover district 15, arrange pumping station 16, makes pumping station 16 fine tailings in this region is promoted to upper storehouse 13 and stores up; Now go up 13 sections, storehouse to ooze more than dam 2 dam crest and piled up the stronger thicker mine tailing of water permeability, it is piled up again the mine tailing that granularity is comparatively thin, water permeability is poor, its seepage flow can pass through formed deposition beach vertical gradually under ooze, major part deeply can go up the thicker mine tailing of storehouse 13 bottom, certainly also may form suspension water, but generally can not affect dam stabilization; As having an impact, the thick mine tailing layer that vertical drainage pipe can be established to be communicated with bottom can reduce phreatic line water level.
(5) as shown in Figure 5, Figure 6, instantly the mine tailing in storehouse 12 in the accumulation absolute altitude of mine tailing and upper storehouse 13 piles up absolute altitude when being decreased to setting height (about within 5m), cancel and layover district 15 is set before this, remove pumping station 16, the upstream type starting to follow conventional lines method of building a dam stores up mine tailing in Tailings Dam two-stage dam structure, when piling up mine tailing, ore drawing pipe 17 is moved on to sub-dam 14 dam crest step by step and carry out ore drawing, until heap dam is to the final absolute altitude of Tailings Dam fill dam; The seepage flow now going up storehouse 13 oozes dam and the discharge of Horizontal drainage of infiltrate water system by cutting, and can not flow into lower storehouse 12, blocked the seepage flow supply source of time storehouse accumulation body, lower storehouse 12 gradually becomes drainage accumulation body, has increased substantially the stability of Tailings Dam fill dam.
In the step (4) of the present embodiment, tail-rotor need be taken out under water owing to promoting pumping station, therefore select the light-duty pumping station (also can adopt dredge boat if desired) that draft is less.The position of pumping station should deposit classification rule according to mine tailing and determine, generally can determine by the boundary line, distributed areas being greater than 0.037mm mine tailing, the clarification distance of coarse grain mine tailing can be ensured, prevent too much mine tailing from entering layover district 15 (i.e. ore pulp district), can fine tailings be promoted again.Lift pump should be ore slurry pump, if needed, and the also ore slurry pump of optional band splash bar.Ore pulp district size should be determined according to the demand of mine tailing wholegrain degree and thickness balance, in order to prevent too much mine tailing from entering ore pulp district, reducing the scope in ore pulp district, under possible condition, can establish diving grid at ore pulp district periphery.
Experiment shows, can effectively reduce phreatic line height in the embodiment of the present invention based on the tailing dam of two-stage upper reaches method, and the phreatic line of lower storehouse supporting mass is only a little more than earth's surface, and being drainage district substantially, is very favorable for the stable of Tailings Dam fill dam.
Therefore, the Tailings Dam fill dam oozing upstream type based on forced-ventilated of the present invention to be built a dam and on the work operation mechanism of improved though and the basis of pros and cons analysing in depth upstream type, its advantage of abundant absorption proposes, not only mine tailing stacking sequence is comparatively clear, design parameters and relevant calculation condition comparatively clear and definite, and be form supporting mass with thicker mine tailing, and fixed slope is formed in heap dam process, this is for improving the safety in follow-up tailings pile dam process, prevent that side slope is exposed both provides important prerequisite and basis, avoid lower storehouse settling section to the impact of upper storehouse ore drawing simultaneously, the row strengthening lower storehouse is oozed, enhance stability.
In the heap dam and operation process of follow-up Tailings Dam, instantly storehouse 12 pile up absolute altitude exceed cut ooze dam 2 dam crest absolute altitude after, can only tailing disposal in upper storehouse 13, upper storehouse 13 seepage water will be cut oozes dam 2 (wall) cut-out, do not enter lower storehouse 12, this is equivalent to the main watering eliminating lower storehouse support edges body seepage water, high degree reduces the lower storehouse phreatic line 18 in lower storehouse 12, under making lower storehouse accumulation body, storehouse phreatic line 18 water level is close to original ground, for the abundant consolidation of tailing dam supporting mass creates optimal conditions, and provide prerequisite for Tailings Dam forms safe and reliable supporting mass, be conducive to the safety and stability performance greatly improving tailing dam, also condition is created for making full use of land resources and piling high dam.
We have carried out concrete calculating and the comparative analysis of dam stability in another concrete engineering adopting the present embodiment Tailings Dam fill dam and technique of building a dam thereof, dam foundation elevation 1390m in this embodiment, initial dam crest elevation 1440m, final accumulation absolute altitude 1680m, reservoir level 1677m, material parameter is as shown in table 1 below, and upstream type is built a dam and oozed the result of calculation of upstream type Tailing dam construction respectively as shown in Figure 8 and Figure 9 by forced-ventilated of the present invention routinely.
Table 1: stability calculation material parameter table in certain Application Example
From Fig. 8 and Fig. 9, according to phreatic line result of calculation, the phreatic line oozing upstream type Tailing dam construction based on forced-ventilated of the present invention is starkly lower than conventional upstream type and builds a dam, and particularly the phreatic line height of supporting mass obviously reduces, and substantially close to earth's surface, is drainage district substantially.Owing to cutting the existence of oozing dam, Tailings Dam posterior segment phreatic line declines very fast, adds the safe distance between phreatic line and dam slope; Upstream type is built a dam, and its phreatic line declines slow, still higher to Tailings Dam hypomere, is unfavorable for dam stabilization.
According to static(al) stable conditions result of calculation, ooze upstream type Tailing dam construction minimum safety factor 2.50 based on forced-ventilated of the present invention, it is 1.61 that upstream type is built a dam, visible, and forced-ventilated of the present invention oozes upstream type Tailing dam construction and increased substantially dam stability and safety.Upstream type is built a dam, and gliding mass volume is very large, and substantially extend at the bottom of dam at the bottom of dam, and forced-ventilated oozes upstream type Tailing dam construction slip circle generally at Xia Ku, gliding mass volume is relatively little always, and the loss caused after accident is also relatively little.
Technique scheme of the present invention proposes based on large-scale or important Tailings Dam, especially in, fine fraction Tailing dam construction, but applicable equally to small-scale tailing ponds, its engineering quantity is close with the engineering quantity that center line formula is built a dam or downstream formula is built a dam, but technique effect is obviously more excellent.
Claims (9)
1. one kind oozes the Tailings Dam fill dam of upstream type based on forced-ventilated, this Tailings Dam fill dam is based on Tailings Dam two-stage dam structure, adopt upstream type method heap of building a dam to build and form, it is characterized in that: this Tailings Dam two-stage dam structure comprises the initial dam (1) that is laid in Tailings Dam downstream and is laid in cutting of initial dam (1) upstream oozes dam (2), described section of reservoir area, upstream of oozing dam (2) is set to the upper storehouse (13) of mainly storing up fine tailings, described initial dam (1) and a section reservoir area of oozing between dam (2) are set to the lower storehouse (12) of mainly storing up coarse grain mine tailing, lower storehouse (12) utilizes the hydraulic classiciation effect of waterpower alluvial process that coarse granule mine tailing is first deposited in lower storehouse, again through successively piling up coarse grain mine tailing formation Tailings Dam supporting mass, lower storehouse (12) be mainly the deposition beach of coarse grain mine tailing and face, storehouse without tailing water settling section, described upper storehouse (13) He Xiaku (12) is boundary to cut the center line oozing dam (2), and upper storehouse (13) He Xiaku (12) is through merging the Tailings Dam fill dam forming and have overall fixed slope, to ooze dam (12) region place crossing cutting for lower storehouse phreatic line (18) of upper storehouse phreatic line (19) in described upper storehouse (13) and lower storehouse (12).
2. the Tailings Dam fill dam oozing upstream type based on forced-ventilated according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described section oozes dam (2) for permeable loose rock dam; Described section of bottom of oozing dam (2) is provided with seepage flow fairlead (8); The described section of dam crest oozing dam (2) is also provided with cut-off wall (3), and cut-off wall (3) oozes dam (2) and is connected with cutting.
3. the Tailings Dam fill dam oozing upstream type based on forced-ventilated according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: the thickness of described cut-off wall (3) is 2m ~ 5m, cut ooze dam (2) and cut-off wall (3) total and cut to ooze highly to click here and cover 1/2 ~ 2/3 of mine tailing piling height and determine.
4. the Tailings Dam fill dam oozing upstream type based on forced-ventilated according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described fine tailings mainly refers to the tailings particles of particle size range at below 0.037mm; Described coarse grain mine tailing mainly refers to the tailings particles of particle size range at more than 0.032mm.
5. the Tailings Dam fill dam oozing upstream type based on forced-ventilated according to any one of claim 2 ~ 4, is characterized in that: be provided with forced-ventilated in described lower storehouse (12) and ooze system.
6. the Tailings Dam fill dam oozing upstream type based on forced-ventilated according to claim 5, is characterized in that: the described forced-ventilated system of oozing comprises the radiant type row being positioned at lower storehouse (12) Tailings Dam supporting mass and oozes french drain (5), collection seepage well (6) and reverse aqueduct (7); Described radiant type row is oozed french drain (5) and is communicated with collection seepage well (6), reverse aqueduct (7) slope aspect cuts and oozes dam (2), and the infiltration that collection seepage well (6) is collected imports the seepage flow fairlead (8) cutting and ooze in dam by reverse aqueduct (7).
7. the Tailings Dam fill dam oozing upstream type based on forced-ventilated according to any one of Claims 1 to 4, is characterized in that: described section oozes 2 ~ 3 times that dam (2) determines at total height of dam apart from the distance of initial dam (1) according to orographic condition.
8. according to any one of claim 1 ~ 7, ooze a technique of building a dam for the Tailings Dam fill dam of upstream type based on forced-ventilated, comprise the following steps:
(1) according to the design addressing of described Tailings Dam two-stage dam structure, first cut described in the corresponding location construction of design and ooze dam (2), and store up mine tailing cutting to ooze in upper storehouse (13) that dam (2) upstream formed, make storehouse (13) form described coarse grain mine tailing deposit beach near cutting in the region of oozing dam (2);
(2) store up in the process of mine tailing in Shang Ku (13), start cutting the downstream position construction initial dam (1) of oozing dam (2), make described initial dam (1) and cut to ooze between dam (12) to form lower storehouse (12);
(3), after the accumulation absolute altitude of mine tailing exceedes and cuts and ooze dam (2) dam crest absolute altitude in upper storehouse (13), start in Shang Ku (13) He Xiaku (12), to pile up mine tailing simultaneously; And coarse grain mine tailing is mainly stored up in Xia Ku (12), in Shang Ku (13), mainly store up fine tailings; Coarse grain mine tailing in lower storehouse (12) deposits in its effectively deposition beach, upstream region beyond effective deposition beach is arranged to the layover district (15) not clarifying tailing water and entrained with fine tailings: in described layover district (15), arrange pumping station (16), makes pumping station (16) fine tailings in this region is promoted to upper storehouse (13) and stores up;
(4) mine tailing instantly in storehouse (12) in the accumulation absolute altitude of mine tailing and Shang Ku (13) piles up absolute altitude when being decreased to setting height, cancel and layover district (15) is set before this, remove pumping station (16), the upstream type starting to follow conventional lines method of building a dam stores up mine tailing in described Tailings Dam two-stage dam structure, until heap dam is to the final absolute altitude of Tailings Dam fill dam.
9. technique of building a dam according to claim 8, is characterized in that: in described step (3), and in upper storehouse (13), the accumulation absolute altitude of mine tailing exceedes section concrete height oozing dam (2) dam crest absolute altitude is 10m ~ 20m.
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| CN105672242A (en) * | 2015-12-31 | 2016-06-15 | 武汉大学 | Consolidating and water draining system and method for coal cinder yard of coal-fired power plant |
| CN105696518A (en) * | 2016-01-28 | 2016-06-22 | 中钢集团马鞍山矿山研究院有限公司 | Curing and dry heaping method for fine grained tailings |
| CN109137819A (en) * | 2018-07-12 | 2019-01-04 | 北京矿冶科技集团有限公司 | A kind of Tailings Dam movable type cyclone classification is built a dam system and implementation method |
| CN109826180A (en) * | 2019-03-21 | 2019-05-31 | 北京矿冶科技集团有限公司 | Tailings dam drainage hardened system |
| CN110318404A (en) * | 2019-07-09 | 2019-10-11 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Middle wire type tailing dam |
| CN111305210A (en) * | 2020-03-05 | 2020-06-19 | 中钢集团马鞍山矿山研究总院股份有限公司 | Ultra-fine grain tailing pond heightening and expanding heap-discharging structure adopting midline method for one-time dam building |
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| CN105672242A (en) * | 2015-12-31 | 2016-06-15 | 武汉大学 | Consolidating and water draining system and method for coal cinder yard of coal-fired power plant |
| CN105696518A (en) * | 2016-01-28 | 2016-06-22 | 中钢集团马鞍山矿山研究院有限公司 | Curing and dry heaping method for fine grained tailings |
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| CN109826180B (en) * | 2019-03-21 | 2023-12-08 | 北京矿冶科技集团有限公司 | Tailing dam seepage-discharging reinforcing system |
| CN109826180A (en) * | 2019-03-21 | 2019-05-31 | 北京矿冶科技集团有限公司 | Tailings dam drainage hardened system |
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| CN110318404B (en) * | 2019-07-09 | 2024-02-06 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Neutral line type tailing dam |
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| CN111305210A (en) * | 2020-03-05 | 2020-06-19 | 中钢集团马鞍山矿山研究总院股份有限公司 | Ultra-fine grain tailing pond heightening and expanding heap-discharging structure adopting midline method for one-time dam building |
| CN113152386B (en) * | 2021-02-04 | 2023-03-21 | 南昌工学院 | Cable crane grading damming system of wet-process stockpiling tailing pond |
| CN113152386A (en) * | 2021-02-04 | 2021-07-23 | 南昌工学院 | Cable crane grading damming system for wet stockpiling tailing pond and implementation method |
| CN114186307A (en) * | 2021-10-08 | 2022-03-15 | 南昌工学院 | Construction method for building dam by high-concentration ore discharge tailing pond upstream method |
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