CN104476863B - 由热熔黏性扁纱编织而成的扁纱编织布和复合板材 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种由热熔黏性扁纱编织而成的扁纱编织布和复合板材,扁纱编织布包括复合扁纱,复合扁纱编织成具有经纬结构的扁纱编织布,加热到100~160摄氏度的经纱和纬纱在编织成扁纱编织布后经纱和纬纱的重叠区域热熔粘接固定,在经纱和纬纱的重叠区域中经纱的热熔粘接层和纬纱的热熔粘接层粘接成一体,经纱和纬纱相接处形成透气孔,扁纱编织布的上表面和下表面分别形成一热熔粘接层。复合板材由若干扁纱编织布热压复合而成。扁纱编织布和复合板材的粘接强度高,不破坏扁纱的内部纤维拉伸配向,大幅度提高拉伸强度和抗冲击强度,具有较好的透气性和透水性。大幅度提高拉伸强度和抗冲击强度。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及扁纱编织布及复合板材技术领域,尤其是涉及由热熔黏性扁纱编织而成的扁纱编织布以及由扁纱编织布复合而成的复合板材。
背景技术
现有技术中,扁纱编织布是扁纱编织而成,扁纱编织布一般选用经纬编织结构。为提高其拉伸强度,使扁纱编织布能够使用于更多的环境和领域中,尤其是将扁纱编织布与其它材料层粘合成一复合型布材或复合型板材。
扁纱编织布的扁纱选用聚丙烯和聚乙烯等类型的无极性材料,扁纱编织布在织布后还在进行后段加工,将经纬扁纱固定住,后段加工往往会破坏扁纱各方面的物理性能。目前扁纱编织布的后段加工仍然存在一些技术瓶颈,其中最大的问题包括,如何提高扁纱的热熔黏性并使扁纱的内部纤维拉伸配向保持一致,另一个问题是如何提高扁纱编织布与其它材料的粘接强度。
扁纱的内部纤维拉伸配向保持一致才能具有较高的拉伸强度,在温度高于160摄氏度的环境下,扁纱的内部纤维拉伸配向被破坏,扁纱的内部纤维拉伸配向变得混乱无序,扁纱的拉伸强度大幅度下降,扁纱各方面的物理性能也随之下降,在温度低于160摄氏度的环境下,扁纱及扁纱编织布无法实现热熔粘接。因此,织布的后段加工就受到非常大的局限,如和其他织物、板材或缓冲材粘着不牢,因此限制了这类扁纱织布材料的使用。
目前所遭遇的问题如下。
1、在扁纱编织成扁纱编织布后,为了固定经纬扁纱,通常会做1层至2层淋膜将之固定,因此会造成扁纱编织布不透气和不透水。
2、淋膜后的粘接强度也不强,膜层容易剥离和脱层。
3、与其它复合材做成复合材料的粘接强度也不足。
4、为提高粘接强度,必须将淋膜温度提高到200-260摄氏度,结果造成扁纱的内部纤维拉伸配向被破坏,导致扁纱编织布的强度下降,根据实际测试,淋模温度超过200摄氏度,测得其冲击强度约65Kj/m2,如果使用180摄氏度以下温度淋膜,带有热熔胶,则冲击强度可达140Kj/m2。
5、如果要提高无极性材料的扁纱编织布的黏着强度,需先对扁纱及扁纱编织布做预处理,再使用特殊胶水,因此成本高而且有苯残留的问题。
目前有若干专利公开了多层结构的扁纱以及由该扁纱编织而成的编织物,如中国专利号为“01107272.5”、专利名称为“复合高强度单向拉伸定向的聚合物扁丝及其生产方法”的中国发明专利所示,以及中国专利号为“201320754379.6”、专利名称为“一种柔性集装袋基布”的中国实用新型专利所示,虽然其公开的扁丝有三层或多层结构,但它们所采用的技术方案不是要解决本发明所要解决的技术问题,它们也无法解决本发明所要解决的技术问题。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的不足,本发明的目的是提供一种扁纱编织布,它的经纱和纬纱热熔粘接成一体,粘接强度高,不破坏扁纱的内部纤维拉伸配向,大幅度提高拉伸强度和抗冲击强度,具有较好的透气性和透水性。
针对现有技术存在的不足,本发明的另一目的是提供一种复合板材,它粘接强度高,不易剥离或分层,不破坏扁纱的内部纤维拉伸配向,大幅度提高拉伸强度和抗冲击强度,具有较好的透气性和透水性。
为了实现上述目的,本发明所采用的技术方案是。
由热熔黏性扁纱编织而成的扁纱编织布,包括通过共挤成型工艺成型为一体的具有若干材料层的复合扁纱,复合扁纱编织成具有经纬结构的扁纱编织布,复合扁纱的中间层包括至少一主材料层,复合扁纱的上层和下层分别复合有一具有热熔黏性的热熔粘接层,扁纱编织布中的复合扁纱按经纬结构区分形成经纱和纬纱,加热到100~160摄氏度的经纱和纬纱在编织成扁纱编织布后经纱和纬纱的重叠区域热熔粘接固定,在经纱和纬纱的重叠区域中经纱的热熔粘接层和纬纱的热熔粘接层粘接成一体,经纱和纬纱相接处形成透气孔,扁纱编织布的上表面和下表面分别形成一热熔粘接层。
进一步的技术方案中,所述主材料层选用热塑性塑料,热熔粘接层选用改性热塑性塑料,改性热塑性塑料包括与主材料层相同的热塑性塑料和1~10%重量比的增黏剂。
进一步的技术方案中,所述热塑性塑料选用PP、PE、PS、PET、PA、PC或EVA,所述增黏剂选用松香类树脂、聚萜烯类树脂、达玛树脂、石油树脂、古马隆-茚树脂、聚苯乙烯类树脂、酚醛树脂、二甲苯树脂、季戊四醇萜烯树脂、碳五或碳九。
本发明提供的第二种技术方案,复合板材,包括上述由热熔黏性扁纱编织而成的扁纱编织布和外层板,扁纱编织布与外层板经过100~160摄氏度的热压加工后复合成一体,外层板的内表面与扁纱编织布表面的热熔粘接层热熔粘接成一体,扁纱编织布的一面或两面复合有一外层板。
进一步的技术方案中,所述外层板选用塑料膜层、塑料板、金属板或织物层。
本发明提供的第三种技术方案,复合板材,包括上述由热熔黏性扁纱编织而成的扁纱编织布,其特征在于:两个以上的扁纱编织布上下重叠并经过100~160摄氏度的热压加工后,相邻的两个扁纱编织布的相接面的热熔粘接层热熔粘接成一体,各扁纱编织布重叠粘接形成一具有若干编织布层的复合板材。
进一步的技术方案中,所述相邻的两个扁纱编织布上的透气孔连通形成透气通道,复合板材形成若干透气通道。
进一步的技术方案中,所述复合板材一面或两面复合有一外层板,外层的扁纱编织布的外表面与外层板经过100~160摄氏度的热压加工后复合成一体,外层的扁纱编织布的热熔粘接层与外层板的内表面热熔粘接成一体。
进一步的技术方案中,所述外层板选用塑料膜层、塑料板、金属板或织物层。
采用上述结构后,本发明和现有技术相比所具有的优点是:本发明的扁纱编织布的经纱和纬纱在编织后热熔粘接成一体,粘接强度高,不破坏扁纱的内部纤维拉伸配向,大幅度提高拉伸强度和抗冲击强度,具有较好的透气性和透水性。
本发明的复合板材的各个层粘接强度高,不易剥离或分层,不破坏扁纱的内部纤维拉伸配向,大幅度提高拉伸强度和抗冲击强度。
附图说明
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进一步说明。
图1是本发明实施例一的扁纱编织布的结构示意图。
图2是本发明实施例一的经纱和纬纱粘接的结构示意图。
图3是本发明实施例一的复合扁纱的结构示意图。
图4是本发明实施例二的复合板材的结构示意图。
图5是本发明实施例三的复合板材的结构示意图。
图6是本发明实施例四的复合板材的结构示意图。
图中:
1、复合扁纱 11、主材料层 12、热熔粘接层;
2、透气孔;
3、外层板。
具体实施方式
以下所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,并不因此而限定本发明的保护范围。
实施例一
由热熔黏性扁纱编织而成的扁纱编织布,见图1至3所示,包括通过共挤成型工艺成型为一体的具有若干材料层的复合扁纱1,复合扁纱1编织成具有经纬结构的扁纱编织布4,复合扁纱1的中间层包括至少一主材料层11,复合扁纱1的上层和下层分别复合有一具有热熔黏性的热熔粘接层12,扁纱编织布4中的复合扁纱1按经纬结构区分形成经纱和纬纱,加热到100~160摄氏度的经纱和纬纱在编织成扁纱编织布4后,经纱和纬纱的重叠区域热熔粘接固定,在经纱和纬纱的重叠区域中经纱的热熔粘接层12和纬纱的热熔粘接层12粘接成一体,经纱和纬纱相接处形成透气孔2,扁纱编织布4的上表面和下表面分别形成一热熔粘接层12。
本发明不需要进行淋膜加工,不需要涂布胶水,不需要对扁纱进行预加工,经纱和纬纱在编织过程中热熔自粘,将全部经纱和纬纱都固定住,环保无污染。
主材料层11选用热塑性塑料,热熔粘接层12选用改性热塑性塑料,热塑性塑料选用PP、PE、PS、PET、PA、PC或EVA,改性热塑性塑料包括与主材料层11相同的热塑性塑料和1~10%重量比的增黏剂,增黏剂选用松香类树脂、聚萜烯类树脂、达玛树脂、石油树脂、古马隆-茚树脂、聚苯乙烯类树脂、酚醛树脂、二甲苯树脂、季戊四醇萜烯树脂、碳五或碳九。
例如,主材料层11选用PP,热熔粘接层12选用PP和1~10%重量比的增黏剂。主材料层11选用PE,热熔粘接层12选用PE和1~10%重量比的增黏剂。
目前有若干专利公开了多层结构的扁纱以及由该扁纱编织而成的编织物,如中国专利号为“01107272.5”、专利名称为“复合高强度单向拉伸定向的聚合物扁丝及其生产方法”的中国发明专利所示,以及中国专利号为“201320754379.6”、专利名称为“一种柔性集装袋基布”的中国实用新型专利所示,虽然其公开的扁丝有三层或多层结构,但它们所采用的技术方案不是要解决本发明所要解决的技术问题,它们也无法解决本发明所要解决的技术问题。本发明的技术方案与上述专利所公开的技术方案存在本质的区别,取得的技术效果也是不相同的。
在织布过程中因为是常温因此不会造成纺织问题,在做后段加工时因表面带有热熔粘接层12的复合扁纱1只要经过烘热温度为100~160摄氏度的烘箱烘热,再使用两辊对压,具有热熔黏性的经纱和纬纱就会自粘在一起,粘接强度极高,而且扁纱编织布4的透气和透水性也得到改善。如果再淋膜一层塑料薄膜,其粘接强度将大幅提高。
如果要制造多层织物板,将多个扁纱编织布热压加工成多层织物板,不需要对扁纱编织布进行预加工,不需要进行淋膜加工,不需要涂布胶水。只要把多层具有热熔黏性的扁纱编织布4放入烘箱中加热到100~160摄氏度,l优选的,扁纱编织布4放入烘箱中加热到100~139摄氏度,使用模具加压到一定的压力即可,冷却后形成多层织物板,由于加热温度是在160摄氏度以下,不破坏其分子链结构,不破坏内部纤维拉伸配向,所以其冲击强度和拉伸强度非常高。
实施例二
复合板材,见图1至4所示,包括实施例一所述的由热熔黏性扁纱编织而成的扁纱编织布,本实施例的扁纱编织布4的主要结构、原理以及功效与实施例一相同,这里不再赘述,其不同之处在于,两个以上的扁纱编织布4上下重叠并经过100~160摄氏度的热压加工后,相邻的两个扁纱编织布4的相接面的热熔粘接层12粘接成一体,各扁纱编织布4重叠粘接形成一具有若干编织布层的复合板材,本实施例的复合板材复合有四层扁纱编织布4。相邻的两个扁纱编织布4上的透气孔2连通形成透气通道,复合板材形成若干透气通道。复合板材粘接牢固,不易剥离或分层,具有透气性和透水性,抗冲击强度和拉伸强度均可提高1~5倍。
实施例三
复合板材,见图1至3和5所示,包括实施例一所述的由热熔黏性扁纱编织而成的扁纱编织布和外层板3,本实施例的扁纱编织布4的主要结构、原理以及功效与实施例一相同,这里不再赘述,其不同之处在于,扁纱编织布4与外层板3经过100~160摄氏度的热压加工后复合成一体,外层板3的内表面与扁纱编织布4表面的热熔粘接层12热熔粘接成一体,扁纱编织布4的一面复合有一外层板3。当然,也可以在扁纱编织布4的两面分别复合有一外层板3。外层板3选用塑料膜层、塑料板、金属板或织物层。复合板材粘接牢固,不易剥离或分层,抗冲击强度和拉伸强度均可提高1~3倍。
实施例四
复合板材,见图1至3和图6所示,包括实施例一所述的由热熔黏性扁纱编织而成的扁纱编织布和外层板3,本实施例的扁纱编织布4的主要结构、原理以及功效与实施例一相同,这里不再赘述,其不同之处在于,两个以上的扁纱编织布4上下重叠并经过100~160摄氏度的热压加工后,相邻的两个扁纱编织布4的相接面的热熔粘接层12粘接成一体,各扁纱编织布4重叠粘接形成一具有若干编织布层的复合板材。相邻的两个扁纱编织布4上的透气孔2连通形成透气通道,复合板材形成若干透气通道。复合板材的一面复合有一外层板3,当然,也可以在复合板材的两面分别复合有一外层板3。外层的扁纱编织布4的外表面与外层板3经过100~160摄氏度的热压加工后复合成一体,外层的扁纱编织布4的热熔粘接层12与外层板3的内表面热熔粘接成一体。外层板3选用塑料膜层、塑料板、金属板或织物层。复合板材粘接牢固,不易剥离或分层,具有透气性,抗冲击强度和拉伸强度均可提高2~6倍。
以上内容仅为本发明的较佳实施例,对于本领域的普通技术人员,依据本发明的思想,在具体实施方式及应用范围上均会有改变之处,本说明书内容不应理解为对本发明的限制。
Claims (4)
1.由热熔黏性扁纱编织而成的扁纱编织布,包括通过共挤成型工艺成型为一体的具有若干材料层的复合扁纱(1),复合扁纱(1)编织成具有经纬结构的扁纱编织布(4),其特征在于:复合扁纱(1)的中间层包括至少一主材料层(11),复合扁纱(1)的上层和下层分别复合有一具有热熔黏性的热熔粘接层(12),所述主材料层(11)选用热塑性塑料,热熔粘接层(12)选用改性热塑性塑料,改性热塑性塑料包括与主材料层(11)相同的热塑性塑料和1~10%重量比的增黏剂;
扁纱编织布(4)中的复合扁纱(1)按经纬结构区分形成经纱和纬纱,加热到100~160摄氏度的经纱和纬纱在编织成扁纱编织布(4)后经纱和纬纱的重叠区域热熔粘接固定,在经纱和纬纱的重叠区域中经纱的热熔粘接层(12)和纬纱的热熔粘接层(12)粘接成一体,经纱和纬纱相接处形成透气孔(2),扁纱编织布(4)的上表面和下表面分别形成一热熔粘接层(12);所述热塑性塑料选用PP、PE、PS、PET、PA、PC或EVA,所述增黏剂选用达玛树脂、石油树脂、古马隆-茚树脂或酚醛树脂。
2.复合板材,包括权利要求1所述的由热熔黏性扁纱编织而成的扁纱编织布,其特征在于:两个以上的扁纱编织布(4)上下重叠并经过100~160摄氏度的热压加工后,相邻的两个扁纱编织布(4)的相接面的热熔粘接层(12)热熔粘接成一体,各扁纱编织布(4)重叠粘接形成一具有若干编织布层的复合板材。
3.根据权利要求2所述的复合板材,其特征在于:所述复合板材的一面或者两面复合有一外层板(3),所述外层板(3)选用塑料膜层、塑料板、金属板或织物层。
4.根据权利要求2所述的复合板材,其特征在于:所述相邻的两个扁纱编织布(4)上的透气孔(2)连通形成透气通道,复合板材形成若干透气通道。
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