CN104448635B - 一种抽油杆接箍外衬材料及其生产方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及到一种抽油杆接箍外衬材料及其生产方法。本发明采用聚四氟乙烯为原料,通过填充纳米莫来石获得具有良好耐摩擦磨损、耐温、耐腐蚀、耐溶胀性能的,能外衬到抽油杆接箍并有效降低抽油井杆管偏磨的聚四氟乙烯复合材料。本发明通过向的聚四氟乙烯微粉中填充适量的经过偶联处理的纳米莫来石得到均匀混合的聚四氟乙烯复合材料,该复合材料由于纳米莫来石良好的强度、耐温、耐腐蚀,以及其优异的填充增强性能、成核效应、物理交联作用,经模压成型后的产品能有外衬到抽油杆接箍,并具有良好的耐高温、耐腐蚀溶胀和耐摩擦磨损性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及到一种抽油杆接箍外衬材料及其生产方法。
背景技术
在陆上油田的有杆抽油系统中,由于井眼曲线复杂性造成了抽油杆和油管的在杆管之间的相对运动时不同轴,从而形成了一对摩擦副,引起了抽油管和抽油杆的之间的偏磨,特别是在井眼曲线的曲率较大的部位。非连续的抽油杆是通过接箍连接的,而抽油杆的接箍的尺寸比抽油杆的尺寸要大约2倍,所以,当抽油杆在油管内做往复运动时,抽油杆接箍一般优先和油管接触并和油管对磨和偏磨。
通过使用具有良好机械性能的抽油杆合金接箍或其他金属接箍,可以提高抽油杆及其接箍的在役寿命。由于抽油杆和抽油管为一对摩擦副,强度提高的抽油杆金属或合金接箍的寿命虽然可以增加,但是却对油管柱造成了较大的磨损,甚至引起漏失。通过摩擦学理论可以知道,金属和塑料之间的摩擦磨损要远低于金属和金属之间的摩擦磨损。因此,如果在油管柱内壁或抽油杆及其接箍的外壁衬上一层耐磨的工程塑料,将会大大地减缓杆管偏磨,延长油井的检修周期。
油管内衬高密度聚乙烯、超高分子量聚乙烯等工程塑料已经在一些油田使用。通过在油管柱内壁内衬适当的工程塑料,特别是在井眼曲线曲率较大的部位的油管柱内衬工程塑料,可以有效地减缓杆管偏磨。但是,由于在整个油管内衬工程塑料,施工难度大、成本高。由于抽油杆接箍一般优先和油管接触并和油管对磨和偏磨,如果在抽油杆接箍上外衬一层耐磨耐高温材料,将能有效地降低杆管偏磨。
能外衬到抽油杆接箍的非金属材料包括陶瓷、工程塑料等。陶瓷具有较好的耐温性能和耐磨性能。但是,陶瓷在施工作业时和生产过程中容易由于碰撞而破碎,韧性极差。如果使用工程塑料将会有效解决此类问题。能用在抽油杆接箍的塑料包括高密度聚乙烯、尼龙、超高分子量聚乙烯等。高密度聚乙烯的耐磨耐温性能较差。超高分子量聚乙烯在温度不高时具有较好的耐磨性能,但是,当使用温度超高其玻璃化温度(80-90摄氏度)时,材料变软,耐摩擦磨损性能急剧下降,不能使用。尼龙具有良好的耐温性能,但是聚酰胺类聚合物吸水率高、耐磨性相对较差。
聚四氟乙烯具有良好的耐温性能、较低的摩擦系数和良好的自润滑性能。然而,纯的聚四氟乙烯的在摩擦磨损过程中磨耗高,不能直接用作抽油杆接箍的外衬材料。莫来石又称莫乃石,是铝硅酸盐在高温下生成的矿物,也是Al2O3-SiO2系中唯一稳定的二元化合物。莫来石是一种优质的耐火材料,它具有膨胀均匀、热震稳定性极好、荷重软化点高、高温蠕变值小、硬度大、抗化学腐蚀性好等特点。
本发明采用聚四氟乙烯为原料,通过填充纳米莫来石获得具有良好耐摩擦磨损、耐温、耐腐蚀、耐溶胀性能的,能外衬到抽油杆接箍并有效降低抽油井杆管偏磨的聚四氟乙烯复合材料。本发明通过向的聚四氟乙烯微粉中填充适量的经过偶联处理的纳米莫来石得到均匀混合的聚四氟乙烯复合材料,该复合材料由于纳米莫来石良好的强度、耐温、耐腐蚀,以及其优异的填充增强性能、成核效应、物理交联作用,经模压成型后的产品能有外衬到抽油杆接箍,并具有良好的耐高温、耐腐蚀溶胀和耐摩擦磨损性能。
发明内容
一种抽油杆接箍外衬材料,该材料由聚四氟乙烯微粉和作为填充剂的偶联纳米莫来石经搅拌混合均匀后模压、烧结成型。其中聚四氟乙烯的微粉的粒径为20-30微米,纳米莫来石的粒径为40-60纳米,比质量百分含量为10-30%。
上述及四氟乙烯复合材料的上产方法如下:
1)将聚四氟乙烯和经偶联处理的纳米莫来石以100:10~30的质量比在高速搅拌器中共混8~10min,制成混配料;
2)将上述混配料放入模具的模腔中,然后在250~280℃预热10~20min,再在10~20MPa的压力下保压10~20min定型,然后卸压,取得半成品毛坯;
3)将半成品毛坯放入烧结炉中,在350~390℃进行烧结0.5~2h,然后冷压10~30min,即制成用于抽油杆接箍的针状硅灰石改性氟树脂。
上述纳米莫来石的偶联处理方法如下:
将质量为纳米莫来石质量的1%的KH-560溶解在丙酮中,得质量含量为0.5%KH-560丙酮溶液,然后将干燥的纳米莫来石投加到上述溶液中,充分搅拌,在120摄氏度将溶剂挥发,得干燥的偶联纳米莫来石。
具体实施方式
实施例1:
按质量比用100份的聚四氟乙烯微粉和10份的偶联纳米莫来石充分混合,在250℃下压制成型,压力控制在14MPa左右,保压10min,然后将压制成型的坯料和模具一起放入马弗炉中,在370℃下烧1h,然后冷压20min,取出。样品在在60N的载荷下,摩擦3000r,拉伸性能按GB1040-2006测定。其摩擦系数和磨耗见表1.
参比例1
作为对比,将纯的聚四氟乙烯微粉在250℃下压制成型,压力控制在14MPa左右,保压10min,然后将压制成型的坯料和模具一起放入马弗炉中,在370℃下烧1h,然后冷压20min,取出。样品在在60N的载荷下,摩擦3000r,拉伸性能按GB1040-2006测定。其摩擦系数和磨耗见表1.
实施例2:
按质量比用100份的聚四氟乙烯微粉和15份的偶联纳米莫来石充分混合,在250℃下压制成型,压力控制在14MPa左右,保压10min,然后将压制成型的坯料和模具一起放入马弗炉中,在370℃下烧1h,然后冷压20min,取出。样品在在60N的载荷下,摩擦3000r,拉伸性能按GB1040-2006测定。其摩擦系数和磨耗见表1.
实施例3:
按质量比用100份的聚四氟乙烯微粉和20份的偶联纳米莫来石充分混合,在250℃下压制成型,压力控制在14MPa左右,保压10min,然后将压制成型的坯料和模具一起放入马弗炉中,在370℃下烧1h,然后冷压20min,取出。样品在在60N的载荷下,摩擦3000r,拉伸性能按GB1040-2006测定。其摩擦系数和磨耗见表1.
实施例4:
按质量比用100份的聚四氟乙烯微粉和30份的偶联纳米莫来石充分混合,在250℃下压制成型,压力控制在14MPa左右,保压10min,然后将压制成型的坯料和模具一起放入马弗炉中,在370℃下烧1h,然后冷压20min,取出。样品在在60N的载荷下,摩擦3000r,拉伸性能按GB1040-2006测定。其摩擦系数和磨耗见表1.
表1 改性聚四氟乙烯的摩擦磨损性能和力学性能
样品 | 参比 | 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | 实施例4 |
摩擦参数 | 0.167 | 0.218 | 0.208 | 0.216 | 0.220 |
磨耗(mg) | 26.5 | 5.8 | 1.6 | 1.2 | 1.2 |
拉伸强度(MPa) | 25.2 | 23.0 | 25.5 | 19.7 | 16.4 |
拉伸模量(MPa) | 348 | 416 | 427 | 495 | 656 |
Claims (1)
1.一种抽油杆接箍外衬材料,其特征在于:由聚四氟乙烯微粉和作为填充剂的偶联纳米莫来石经搅拌混合均匀后模压、烧结成型;所述聚四氟乙烯的微粉的粒径为20-30微米;所述纳米莫来石的质量百分含量为10-30%;所述纳米莫来石的粒径为40-60纳米;
所述一种抽油杆接箍外衬材料的生产方法,具体步骤为:
1)将聚四氟乙烯和经偶联处理的纳米莫来石以100:10~30的质量比在高速搅拌器中共混8~10min,制成混配料;
2)将上述混配料放入模具的模腔中,然后在250~280℃预热10~20min,再在10~20MPa的压力下保压10~20min定型,然后卸压,取得半成品毛坯;
3)将半成品毛坯放入烧结炉中,在350~390℃进行烧结0.5~2h,然后冷压10~30min,即制成用于抽油杆接箍的纳米莫来石改性氟树脂;
所述纳米莫来石的偶联处理方法为:将质量为纳米莫来石质量的1%的KH-560溶解在丙酮中,得质量含量为0.5%KH-560丙酮溶液,然后将干燥的纳米莫来石投加到上述溶液中,充分搅拌后在120摄氏度将溶剂挥发蒸干,得干燥的偶联纳米莫来石。
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