Collagen protein of fish skin casing and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to casing processing technique field, especially relate to a kind of collagen protein of fish skin casing and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Casing be a class in order to prepare the shaped packaging material of the meat products such as sausage, Petaso, natural casing and people can be divided into by raw material
Making casing two class, artificial casing can be divided into again edibility and non-edibility casing two kinds.In edibility casing, generally to feed
Breast animal dermis layer (double-layer fur) is raw material, uses and either physically or chemically obtains insoluble collagen fiber, then is added by interpolation
Add agent, through the mechanically or chemically modified casing product obtained, referred to as Collagent casing for sausages.It is equal that Collagent casing for sausages has thickness
Even, bore adjustable, intensity is high, without natural casing unfavorable bending, the advantages such as continuous production can be realized, be the most domestic and international
The based packaging material that coloclysis based article is most popular.
Whole world Collagent casing for sausages all mainly forms with the corium of pig, cattle animal for Raw material processing at present.But occur in recent years
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy and some religions beliefs such as Islam, Hinduism etc. oppose/resist with cattle or pig the food as raw material, and countries in the world are special
The succedaneum of mammalian source collagen is urgently found by Bie Shi European countries.Additionally, due to leather industry is also with pig, Niu Dengdong
The skin of thing is organized as raw material, and the leather leftover bits and pieces of rubbing of leather also tends to, easily by unlawfully for producing casing, cause potential safety
Hidden danger.
Along with developing rapidly of aquatic products processing industry, quality can be produced during Fish division processing and account for the 40%~50% of fish body weight
Leftover bits and pieces, the most about 10% is fish skin.In fish skin, collagen content is up to 60%, is a kind of good collagen sources.
Therefore, derive from the skin tissue of the aquatic animal of ocean, rivers, all possess alternative from safety, resource are ready availability
The potentiality of mammal.
The collagen protein such as current aquatic animal fish skin, fish scale are often used to produce gelatin, collagen polypeptide, amino acids oral-liquor and egg
The food such as white beverage.Collagen protein of fish skin has the performance such as good filming performance and degradable, resistance oxygen, antioxidation, and China is specially
Profit document CN101942204B, CN102504302B also disclose that the technical scheme utilizing collagen protein of fish skin to prepare edible film,
But edible film all has bigger difference from the form of material, preparation, purposes and function with casing: edible film form is mainly sheet material,
Purposes mostly is parcel or the covering of food surface, such as candy wrapping, the purposes such as fresh-keeping, the choke of more reinforced film in its performance
Hindering wet or controlled atmosphere function, part considers mechanical performance;And casing need there is stronger toughness and intensity, can stand high temperature steaming,
Fried bakings etc. are processed, and therefore the two whether also or all will necessarily exist in preparation technology thinking in concrete technology parameter
Significant difference.Specific in preparation method, edible film can produce by simple liquid spreading or the tape casting, and casing must be made
The specific jelly of standby one-tenth, then extruded by jacketed equipment.Thus, the processing of edible film is prepared with collagen protein of fish skin
Difficulty is well below the difficulty of processing preparing casing with fish skin, it is impossible to uses for reference simply, apply mechanically the technique preparing edible film for making
Standby collagen protein of fish skin casing.
And compared with mammal dermal collagen casing, proline, hydroxyproline, valine, leucine content in fish skin collagen
The most on the low side relative to mammal, the gel strength that result in fish skin collagen is on the low side, is also susceptible to the hydrolysis of collagen peptide chain simultaneously
And cause its gel strength to decline, thus it is difficult to ensure that casing prepared by fish skin is true with mammal in shape, intensity, purposes
Collagen casing compares favourably.Additionally, the structure of fish skin has the biggest difference with composition and pig, the skin tissue of cattle: fish skin is relatively thin, nothing
Method complete fractionation of fatty layer, and easily entrain part meat when peeling off, cause fat increase;There is one layer of uneven color on fish skin surface
The calm layer of element, and mammal skin corium color and luster is shallower and uniform, therefore, fish skin needs to make desolventing technology;Collagen protein of fish skin
The intensity of fiber is strong not as pigs and cattle skin, is easier to degraded, if indiscriminately imitating the side of pigs and cattle collagen casing under acid-alkali salt and high temperature
Method carries out acid treatment, and the such as kind of acid, concentration select bad or treatment temperature, selection of time improper, and fish skin can be inhaled rapidly
Receive acid solution around and be expanded to the several times of own wt, easily causing collagen fiber to be destroyed, it is impossible to reach collagen casing institute
The requirement of strength needed, it is difficult to realize micelle molding.Therefore, the technical scheme being raw material production Collagent casing for sausages with fish skin,
Also cannot sum up, use for reference and obtain from the Collagent casing for sausages process technology of pigs and cattle skin directly or indirectly.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of with fish skin as raw material, use that special process is produced, there is good processing adapt to
Property, especially tensile strength hot-working strong, resistance to, the Collagent casing for sausages that safety simultaneously is high.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a kind of preparation method preparing edible collagen sausage-casing with fish skin for raw material.
The purpose of the present invention can be realized by following technical proposals:
One, the preparation method of collagen protein of fish skin casing, specifically includes following steps: will scale fish skin through include liming, deliming,
Expanded, the peeling fish skin surplus color film of acid, add adjuvant mix rub, aging in interior operation, then through extruded, cross-linking modified, dry
Dry, obtain casing product;Liming therein, deliming, peeling fish skin surplus color film, aging, extruded and drying process can be by
Technical staff combines material characteristic and selects voluntarily according to art technology general knowledge, but inventor finds, remaining acid is expanded, add
Add adjuvant mixed rub, these several procedures cross-linking modified due to closely related with material characteristic, and this upstream and downstream, a few road working procedure parameter
Between interrelated, influence each other and product made and performance parameter plays a decisive role, thus must want according to following technique
Ask and process:
Described acid is expanded, is to pull out the fish skin material processed through deliming to drain, and puts into immersion in acid solution and is expanded to expand front thing
2~3 times of material weight;Described acid solution be concentration be the phosphoric acid of 0.01~0.1mol/L, soaking temperature is not higher than 30 DEG C;
Described interpolation adjuvant is mixed to be rubbed, and is to add adjuvant in the fish skin gum base that previous step obtains to stir mixed rubbing, obtains uniform micelle;
The supplementary product kind added and addition include fish skin raw material weight 10~the hydroxypropyl of the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose of 20%, 1~5%
PASELLI EASYGEL and 1~the sodium tripolyphosphate of 7%;
Described cross-linking modified, it is through extruded casing surface sprinkling casing weight of material 1~the glycerol of 5% and 0.1~0.5%
Glutaraldehyde, and it is incubated 1~5min.
After tested, use the collagen protein of fish skin casing mechanical strength that such scheme prepares more than 40MPa, show that product has
Good tensile strength, meanwhile, this product digestion resistant, baking and fried, maturation process after-drawing intensity is all higher than 10MPa,
Suitably carry out industrialization processing.
Although additionally, above have been pointed out, described liming, deliming, peeling fish skin surplus color film, aging, extruded and dry
Technique can refer to prior art and selects voluntarily, and but, when these steps are respectively adopted following technological parameter, each processing step has
More preferably technological effect:
Described liming, preferably puts into fish skin raw material in lime cream and soaks 6~10 days;Lime cream used is fish skin raw material weight
3~7 times;
Described deliming, the fish skin material that preferably will process through liming puts in hydrochloric acid or ammonium chloride solution and processes, described hydrochloric acid with
Ammonium chloride solution is respectively 0.01~0.05mol/L and 0.005~0.05mol/L, and number of processes is 2~5 times, processes the time every time
It it is 10~30 minutes;Especially recommend the fish skin material that process through liming to be put into acid ammonium salt solution washs 2~5 times, each 10~
30 minutes, described acid ammonium salt solution contains hydrochloric acid and the ammonium chloride of 0.005~0.05mol/L of 0.01~0.05mol/L.This
The experiment of inventor finds, compared with conventional acid system deliming, uses hydrochloric acid solution and ammonium chloride solution to carry out deliming simultaneously, can
Reducing the concentration of hydrochloric acid, reduce the palliating degradation degree of collagen protein, the rate of release of insoluble calcium and the deliming of material are imitated simultaneously
Rate is also improved.
By many experiments, the present inventor obtains two kinds of Suitable commercial produce, the technical side of preferred peeling fish skin surplus color film
Case, specifically can use filter press technique or heating and filtering method;Described filter press technique be by material under 100~500Pa pressure by 50~
80 mesh screens;Described heating and filtering method is that material is heated to 35~45 DEG C, then by 200~300 mesh screens.Use this
Two kinds of technical schemes, both can get rid of traditional chemical routes (oxidation-reduction method) decolouring hidden danger to casing edible safety, also ensure
The color and luster of final products and transparency.
Described aging, preferably the mixed material rubbed is put in 4~10 DEG C of freezers and store 4~8 hours.
Described extruded can be by annular die extrusion molding, obtain tubular film casing.
Described dry, it is preferably 35~45 DEG C of hot-air seasonings of material.
Two, collagen protein of fish skin casing
Collagen protein of fish skin casing of the present invention is i.e. to use above-mentioned collagen protein of fish skin casing preparation method to be prepared.
From the foregoing, it will be observed that the present invention utilizes aquatic products processing leftover bits and pieces fish skin to be raw material, can prepare have good flexibility (adaptability) of operation,
Especially tensile strength is strong, heat resistance processability, the Collagent casing for sausages that safety simultaneously is high.Technical solution of the present invention also has
Following characteristics and advantage:
1, with Fish processing fent fish skin as primary raw material, both can make up the mammalian collagen casing such as pig, cattle and easily be subject to
The defect of the factor such as Animal diseases, religions belief impact, can improve again the added value of Fish processing fent;
2, the preparation method of the collagen protein of fish skin casing that the present invention provides is by (containing with acid to bulking process, expand volume and work
Skill temperature) precise and appropriate selection, it is achieved the uncoiling of collagen protein of fish skin appropriateness, keep tropocollagen molecule chain the most to greatest extent simultaneously
Integrity so that material easily forms micelle (otherwise, easily because the reason of fish skin material itself is modulated after adjuvant adds mixed rubbing
Become to stick with paste);The selected adjuvant being simultaneously equipped with interpolation not only improves color and luster and the viscosity of micelle, and the ductility of micelle and intensity
It is further strengthened, thus obtains the micelle that plasticity is more preferable, be more conducive to extrusion molding, crosslinked modified, finally prepare
The hot-working strong, resistance to of Collagent casing for sausages tensile strength, can meet daily coloclysis requirement.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with detailed description of the invention and test data of experiment, the present invention is described in detail.
One, embodiment
1, first embodiment
Key step: first by the fish skin liming scaled through pre-treatment, clean, deliming, expanded, the peeling fish skin surplus color film of acid,
To thick collagen fiber;Then add adjuvant mixed rub, aging, make material shape uniformly micelle;Extrude the material into type, crosslinking again
Modified, dry, i.e. obtain casing product.Liming therein, deliming, peeling fish skin surplus color film, aging, extruded and dry
Drying process can be combined material characteristic by one of ordinary skill in the art and select with reference to routine techniques, and acid is expanded, it is mixed to add adjuvant
Rub, cross-linking modified technique needs to process according to following technological requirement:
Described acid is expanded, drains after specifically being pulled out by the fish skin material processed through deliming, and putting into concentration is 0.01~0.1mol/L
Phosphoric acid solution in soak be expanded to expand 2~3 times of front weight of material, soaking temperature is not higher than 30 DEG C;
Described interpolation adjuvant is mixed to be rubbed, and is to add adjuvant in the fish skin gum base that previous step obtains to stir mixed rubbing, is allowed to be formed uniformly
Micelle;The supplementary product kind added and addition are respectively as follows: fish skin raw material weight 10~the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose of 20%, 1~5%
Hydroxypropyl PASELLI EASYGEL and 1~the sodium tripolyphosphate of 7%;
Described cross-linking modified, it is through extruded casing surface sprinkling casing weight of material 1~the glycerol of 5% and 0.1~0.5%
Glutaraldehyde, and it is incubated 1~5min.
Through repeatedly testing, the collagen protein of fish skin casing mechanical strength using said method to prepare is all higher than 40MPa, and,
After 90 DEG C of steaming and decoctings 10 minutes product remain to keep original form and tensile strength more than 10MPa, and anti-tensile after 70 DEG C of bakings 2 hours
Intensity is more than 15MPa.
2, the second embodiment
Grass carp skin 100kg through scaling, cleaning is put in 300kg lime cream and soak 10 days, take out clear water and rinse well, put into
Concentration be 0.05mol/L ammonium chloride solution in clean 3 times, each 20 minutes not occasional agitation;Taking-up drains, and adds concentration
For in the phosphoric acid solution of 0.1mol/L soak (soaking temperature is not higher than 30 DEG C), treat skin material expand become expand before weight of material 2~
3 times, take out;By 40 DEG C of water-baths, material is heated to semifluid shape, filters to remove fish skin surplus color film with 200 mesh screens,
Obtain fish skin gum base;15kg sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 3kg hydroxypropyl PASELLI EASYGEL and 3kg trimerization is added in fish skin gum base
Sodium phosphate, stirring is mixed rub uniformly after put into Cool Room 4 DEG C and deposit 8h and carry out aging;Then take out micelle and be preheated to 30 DEG C, putting
Enter in screw extruder, obtain tubular film casing by annular die extrusion molding;Toward tubular film casing surface spraying casing
The glycerol of weight of material 3% and the glutaraldehyde of 0.3%, and it is incubated 3min;Finally dry 3h with 40 DEG C of hot blasts to be dried, wrap after folding
Dress gets product.
After tested, the collagen protein of fish skin casing mechanical strength using this programme to prepare is more than 40MPa, and, through 90 DEG C of steamings
After boiling 10 minutes, product remains to keep original form and tensile strength more than 10MPa, and after 70 DEG C of bakings 2 hours, tensile strength is more than
15MPa。
3, the 3rd embodiment:
Being put into by Java tilapia skin 100kg through scaling, cleaning in 680kg lime cream and soak 6 days, taking out and putting into concentration is 0.03mol/L
Hydrochloric acid solution in clean 3 times, each 10 minutes not occasional agitation;Taking-up drains, and adding concentration is the phosphoric acid of 0.02mol/L
Solution soaks (soaking temperature is not higher than 30 DEG C), treats that skin material expansion becomes 2~3 times of the front weight of material of expansion, take out;Will
Material uses 60 mesh screens to filter to remove fish skin surplus color film under 200Pa pressure, obtains fish skin gum base;Add in fish skin gum base
Enter to be pre-mixed uniform 10kg sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 3.5kg hydroxypropyl PASELLI EASYGEL and 4.5kg sodium tripolyphosphate, stir
Put into Cool Room 4 DEG C after mixing mixed rubbing uniformly and deposit 6h;Then take out micelle and be preheated to 35 DEG C, putting into screw extruder, pass through ring
Shape mould extrusion molding obtains tubular film casing;Toward tubular film casing surface spraying casing weight of material 1.5% glycerol and
The glutaraldehyde of 0.25%, and it is incubated 3min;Finally with 35 DEG C of hot-air seasonings, packed products after folding.
After tested, the collagen protein of fish skin casing mechanical strength using this programme to prepare is more than 40MPa, and, through 90 DEG C of steamings
After boiling 10 minutes, product remains to keep original form and tensile strength more than 10MPa, and after 70 DEG C of bakings 2 hours, tensile strength is more than
15MPa。
4, the 4th embodiment:
Dermis Cyprinus carpio 100kg through scaling, cleaning is put in 500kg lime cream and soak 8 days, take out and put into the mixed of hydrochloric acid and ammonium chloride
Closing and clean 3 times in solution, wherein the concentration of hydrochloric acid and ammonium chloride is respectively 0.01mol/L and 0.005mol/L, each 20 minutes,
Period uninterruptedly stirs;Taking-up drains, and adds in the phosphoric acid solution that concentration is 0.05mol/L and soaks (soaking temperature is not higher than 30 DEG C),
Treat that skin material expansion becomes 2~3 times of the front weight of material of expansion, take out;With 45 DEG C of water-baths, material is heated to semifluid shape, with 300
Mesh screen filters, and obtains fish skin gum base;Add in fish skin gum base and be pre-mixed uniform 20kg sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 1.5kg
Hydroxypropyl PASELLI EASYGEL and 2kg sodium tripolyphosphate, put into 6 DEG C of freezers and deposit 6h after stirring;Micelle is taken out and preheats
To 30 DEG C, put into screw extruder, by annular die extrusion molding obtain bore be 20~30mm, wall thickness be 0.5~1mm
Tubular film casing;Toward glycerol and the glutaraldehyde of 0.15% of tubular film casing surface spraying casing weight of material 2.5%, and protect
Temperature 5min, 45 DEG C of hot-air seasonings, packed products after folding.
One outstanding feature of this programme is simultaneously used hydrochloric acid solution and ammonium chloride solution when being deliming, and concentration all than
Relatively low.After tested, use the collagen protein of fish skin casing mechanical strength for preparing of this programme still greater than 40MPa, and, through 90 DEG C
After steaming and decocting 10 minutes, product remains to keep original form and tensile strength more than 10MPa, and after 70 DEG C of bakings 2 hours, tensile strength is big
In 15MPa.
Two, test data of experiment
1, the expansion rate of the expanded operation impact (seeing table 1) on micelle compression properties
Table 1, the expansion rate impact on micelle compression properties of expanded operation
Wherein expansion rate=expanded rear weight/expanded front weight * 100%
2, the selection of the expanded acid impact on fish skin expansion effect: use sensory evaluation method (Ranking)
Touchstone: 1. plasticity is good, uniformity is good, and ductility is good, elastic, toughness is low;2. material is heated by after the swelling
30min, plastic emitting is many, in sticky shape;Surplus skin is few, can be disperseed by mechanical force.
Assay: from 1., D > E > C > A > B, from 2., A > D > C > E > B, wherein lactic acid (A), hydrochloric acid (B),
Acetic acid (C), phosphoric acid (D), citric acid (E).To sum up, phosphoric acid (D) is selected.
Inventor compares several variable concentrations acidulated condition by experiment, and result shows: under same concentrations, the expanded effect of phosphoric acid
The most best.Therefore, the kind of acid is to determine expansion effect and the key of efficiency.
3, the phosphoric acid concentration impact (seeing table 2) on fish skin expansion effect
The impact on fish skin expansion effect of table 2, phosphoric acid concentration
Analyzing: under conditions of expansion rate identical (300%), reduce with phosphoric acid concentration, acidificatoin time increases.High-concentration phosphoric acid
Expanded fish skin speed is fast, and absorbent time is short, is unfavorable for producing control, has partial white to fail expanded fish skin in a heated condition
Granule, shows that fish skin is expanded uneven, is not reaching to the most expanded;Low concentration phosphoric acid needs the expanded time long, expanded inequality
Even, part fish skin occurs that in puffing process plastic emitting phenomenon, micelle fiber have portion fractures, and part is the most expanded.Work as concentration
During less than 0.01mol/L, fish skin expansion rate does not reaches 300%.To sum up, when phosphoric acid concentration is 0.01-0.1mol/L, can reach
To expansion effect, preferably after phosphoric acid concentration be 0.025-0.075mol/L, wherein when phosphoric acid is 0.05mol/L, expanded effect
Fruit is optimal.
Above content is only some better embodiment enumerated for introducing technical solution of the present invention, is not construed as limiting this
The form of implementation of invention.Equivalent variations that all one of ordinary skill in the art can make according to technical solution of the present invention and improvement, all should belong to
Within the covering scope of technical solution of the present invention.