CN104429473A - Planting method for cold region streamside flooding area wetland vegetation - Google Patents
Planting method for cold region streamside flooding area wetland vegetation Download PDFInfo
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- CN104429473A CN104429473A CN201410624244.7A CN201410624244A CN104429473A CN 104429473 A CN104429473 A CN 104429473A CN 201410624244 A CN201410624244 A CN 201410624244A CN 104429473 A CN104429473 A CN 104429473A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention relates to a planting method for streamside flooding area wetland vegetation, in particular to a planting method for cold region streamside flooding area wetland vegetation. The planting method aims to resolve the problems that vegetation is planted parallel with the river bank in the recovery process of cold region streamside flooding area wetland vegetation, so that a large number of floating objects are wound on the vegetation when the river has a flood, the vegetation is rolled and beaten down by the flood and drift ice and even fully buried or pulled from the roots, and the primarily recovered wetland vegetation is catastrophically damaged. The planting method includes the steps that firstly, the planting direction of the vegetation is determined; secondly, plants are planted, and the planting method for the cold region streamside flooding area wetland vegetation is finished. The flood overflowing direction and the plant row direction are organically combined, a close planting method is adopted in each plant strip area, floating and suspension objects carried by the river flood can be effectively intercepted, the water quality of the river is improved, the interspecific competitive capacity in the recovery period of the plants is improved, and the recovery effect is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the cultivation method of a kind of streamside inundation band muskeg.
Background technology
Riparian wetlands belongs to land and water zone of transition, is the habitat of water plants, wildlife, migrates up and down along the river and provides ecology corridor, play an important role for child care and biometric safeguard diversity for biology.Meanwhile, the purification function of wetland is the important embodiment of Function of Wetland, flood period river to overflow to riparian wetlands be also the nature in river, during spring flood, floating ice disembarkation is piled up is then the endemism of cold region river.The purification function making full use of riparian wetlands effectively improves the green of water quality of river, economic method.
Streamside inundation band is that river and flood plain wetland carry out material and energy exchange is the most concentrated, place the most frequently, is the main region that riparian wetlands (Riparian Wetland) tackles floating thing in river, suspension.Advantage: during flood, (spring flood, summer floods) floating ice and river wrap up in a large amount of floating things (crops straw, plastic products, house refuse etc.), suspension and the silt taken, these floating things, suspension are many to be made up of organic substance, will produce a large amount of oxygen consumption organic and toxic organic compound after decomposition; And sweep along a large number of nutrients and other pollutant.Floating thing is generally in strip and block and ribbon (length is much larger than width), and under river flow action, the flow direction of its major axis and flood is consistent.Due to the existence of angular force-Coriolis force that earth rotation produces, during specific section inundation, river overflows to flow to and there is certain angle with riverbank, causes river, Northern Hemisphere right bank to wash away more serious.The purification mechanism of riparian wetlands comprises mechanical interception and filtration, adsorption by soil and plant absorption several respects.Wetland plant and soil can be tackled by physical action, the floating thing filtered in flood, suspended particulate substance (mainly silt), soil particle can adsorb suspended particulate in flood and colloid, dissolved pollutant, the particularly nutritive salt such as nitrogen, phosphorus in wetland plant, microorganism Absorbable rod flood.In engineer applied, more attention is tree species collocation and the hydrology connectedness of riparian buffers or riparian wetlands, plant recovery direction design concept is dull, mostly be based on beautification of landscape theory along riverbank ribbon layout, usual way is parallel rivers water front lining out.Such as, after riverine wetland suffers that hydraulic engineering construction, cultivation etc. destroy, method conventional during ecological recovery is first along arbors such as riverbank planting belt shape willows, makes it become forest land, in order to avoid again reclaimed; Natural deduction is relied on progressively to recover muskeg again.If but the configuration direction of the plant that embarks on journey is vertical with river inundation direction, the crosspiece resistance that floating thing is subject to vegetation is maximum, a large amount of floating thing is wrapped on vegetation, not only vegetation is lodged by flood and floating ice spreading, even completely buried or uproop, the going to wreck property of wetland plant of recovery is destroyed.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to solve parallel riverbank plantation when existing Han Qu streamside inundation band muskeg recovers, when causing river inundation, a large amount of floating thing is wrapped on vegetation, vegetation is lodged by flood and floating ice spreading, even completely buried or uproop, the problem that the going to wreck property of wetland plant tentatively recovered is destroyed, provides the cultivation method of a kind of Han Qu streamside inundation band muskeg.
A cultivation method for Han Qu streamside inundation band muskeg, specifically completes according to the following steps:
One, determine the plantation direction of vegetation: by the lodging direction of plant or crop after on-site inspection and monitoring flood, determine the flow direction that on low alluvial flat, flood overflows, flowing to that plantation direction and the flood on the low alluvial flat of Han Qu of vegetation overflow is identical;
Two, serike: the flow direction of overflowing according to flood on the low alluvial flat of Han Qu, build wetland plant band at streamside inundation band, the spacing between every two wetland plant bands is 2m ~ 5m; Serike 3 row ~ 10 row in every bar wetland plant band; Line-spacing and spacing in the rows are 10cm ~ 20cm, namely complete the cultivation method of Han Qu streamside inundation band muskeg.
Advantage of the present invention:
One, flowing to that plantation direction and the flood on cold district alluvial flat of vegetation of the present invention overflow is identical, and the crosspiece resistance that floating thing is subject to vegetation is minimum, and floating thing can float to the far-end of riparian wetlands with flash flood;
Two, object of the present invention is intended to strengthen the purification function of wetland, and the present invention to combination, makes floating thing by overflowed by the flood flow direction and plant row, suspension is effectively tackled, thus improved the water quality of river;
Three, the width of floating ice ice cube when the length of floating thing and spring flood when the spacing between plant band of the present invention is greater than summer floods, decreases floating thing and the congested probability of floating ice, makes floating thing and the floating ice far-end floating to riparian wetlands as much as possible;
Four, planting plants of the present invention adopts dense planting, has both alleviated the interspecies competition recovering plant and pionner, improves survival rate; Can ensure that again in water-break process, plant is to effective interception rate of floating thing, the purification efficiency of strengthening riparian wetlands;
Five, the present invention selects the floristics with resistance to long-term waterflooding, and herbaceous plant and shrub are taken into account, and these plants have respiratory root or well developed root system, and stem stalk is strong, and branches and leaves are luxuriant, and biomass is large, perennial feature;
Six, plant lodging orientation measurement of the present invention is simple, and plant setting direction is determined easily.
The present invention can obtain the cultivation method of a kind of Han Qu streamside inundation band muskeg.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Plant lodging direction schematic diagram when Fig. 1 is extraodinary flood in test one, in Fig. 1,1 flows to for river, and 2 to lodge the angle of direction and water front for plant;
The channel zapping figure of plant lodging direction and riverbank angle when Fig. 2 is extraodinary flood in test one;
Fig. 3 is the floor map of the cultivation method of streamside, test one syncope due to pathogenic cold district inundation band muskeg; In Fig. 3,1 is that river flows to, 2 flow directions of overflowing for flood, and 3 is bank line, and 4 is the natural pond willow of cuttage, and the angle between 5 flow directions of overflowing for flood and riverbank, 6 is natural pond wicker band.
Embodiment
Embodiment one: present embodiment is the cultivation method of a kind of Han Qu streamside inundation band muskeg, specifically completes according to the following steps:
One, determine the plantation direction of vegetation: by the lodging direction of plant or crop after on-site inspection and monitoring flood, determine the flow direction that on low alluvial flat, flood overflows, flowing to that plantation direction and the flood on the low alluvial flat of Han Qu of vegetation overflow is identical;
Two, serike: the flow direction of overflowing according to flood on the low alluvial flat of Han Qu, build wetland plant band at streamside inundation band, the spacing between every two wetland plant bands is 2m ~ 5m; Serike 3 row ~ 10 row in every bar wetland plant band; Line-spacing and spacing in the rows are 10cm ~ 20cm, namely complete the cultivation method of Han Qu streamside inundation band muskeg.
Under the effect according to Coriolis force-Coriolis force in present embodiment step one, river overflows and has the principle of certain directionality, by the lodging direction of plant or crop after on-site inspection and monitoring flood, determine the flow direction that on low alluvial flat, flood overflows, flowing to that the plantation direction of vegetation and flood on the low alluvial flat of Han Qu are overflowed is identical.
In present embodiment, in wetland plant band, the plant of plantation is natural pond willow, reed or cattail; They can use in recovery district simultaneously, also can use separately, but can only plant a Plants, to avoid interspecies competition in every bar wetland plant band.
The advantage of present embodiment:
One, in present embodiment, flowing to of overflowing of plantation direction and the flood on cold district alluvial flat of vegetation is identical, and the crosspiece resistance that floating thing is subject to vegetation is minimum, and floating thing can float to the far-end of riparian wetlands with flash flood;
Two, the object of present embodiment is intended to strengthen the purification function of wetland, and present embodiment to combination, makes floating thing by overflowed by the flood flow direction and plant row, suspension is effectively tackled, thus improved the water quality of river;
Three, the width of floating ice ice cube when the length of floating thing and spring flood when the spacing between present embodiment plant band is greater than summer floods, decreases floating thing and the congested probability of floating ice, makes floating thing and the floating ice far-end floating to riparian wetlands as much as possible;
Four, present embodiment planting plants adopts dense planting, has both alleviated the interspecies competition recovering plant and pionner, improves survival rate; Can ensure that again in water-break process, plant is to effective interception rate of floating thing, the purification efficiency of strengthening riparian wetlands;
Five, present embodiment selects the floristics with resistance to long-term waterflooding, and herbaceous plant and shrub are taken into account, and these plants have respiratory root or well developed root system, and stem stalk is strong, and branches and leaves are luxuriant, and biomass is large, perennial feature;
Six, present embodiment plant lodging orientation measurement is simple, and plant setting direction is determined easily.
Present embodiment can obtain the cultivation method of a kind of Han Qu streamside inundation band muskeg.
Embodiment two: present embodiment and embodiment one difference are: the plant described in step 2 is shrub or herbaceous plant; Described shrub is natural pond willow; Described herbaceous plant is reed or cattail.Other steps are identical with embodiment one.
Embodiment three: one of present embodiment and embodiment one or two difference is: cuttage 5 row natural pond willow in described every bar wetland plant band; The spacing of every two wetland plant bands is 5m, and the natural pond willow line-spacing in wetland plant band is 15cm, and spacing in the rows is 15cm.Other steps are identical with embodiment one or two.
Embodiment four: one of present embodiment and embodiment one to three difference is: transplant 10 row reeds in described every bar wetland plant band; The spacing of every two wetland plant bands is 3m, and the reed line-spacing in wetland plant band is 10cm, and spacing in the rows is 10cm.His step is identical with embodiment one to three.
Embodiment five: one of present embodiment and embodiment one to four difference is: transplant 10 in described every bar wetland plant band and to hold or participate in a prayer service at a temple Pu; The spacing of every two wetland plant bands is 3m, and the cattail line-spacing in wetland plant band is 10cm, and spacing in the rows is 10cm.His step is identical with embodiment one to four.
Adopt following verification experimental verification advantage of the present invention:
Test one: corn field river, Fujin, downstream, Song Hua River section alluvial flat having the reclamation of wasteland, streamside recovers to have planted a large amount of poplar seedlings in wetland.When downstream, Song Hua River in 2013 meets with a-hundred-year extraodinary flood, corn, poplar seedlings lodging direction channel zapping as shown in Figure 2.Plant lodging direction schematic diagram when Fig. 1 is extraodinary flood in test one, in Fig. 1,1 flows to for river, and 2 to lodge the angle of direction and water front for plant; The channel zapping figure of plant lodging direction and riverbank angle when Fig. 2 is extraodinary flood in test one; As can be seen from Figure 2, during flood, on the section alluvial flat of river, Fujin, plant lodging direction and riverbank average angle are 41.28 °.
Jiang Duan streamside, Fujin, downstream, Song Hua River degraded wetland is when within 2014, spring recovers, and the cultivation method of Han Qu streamside inundation band muskeg completes according to the following steps:
One, flowing to that plantation direction and the flood on alluvial flat of vegetation overflow is identical, and the direction that on alluvial flat, flood overflows and the angle on riverbank are 41.28 °;
Two, serike: the flow direction of overflowing according to flood on the low alluvial flat of Han Qu, build wetland plant band at streamside inundation band, the spacing between every two wetland plant bands is 5m; Serike 5 row in every bar wetland plant band; Line-spacing and spacing in the rows are 15cm, namely complete the cultivation method of Han Qu streamside inundation band muskeg;
Described plant is shrub; Described shrub plant is natural pond willow.
Fig. 3 is the floor map of the cultivation method of streamside, test one syncope due to pathogenic cold district inundation band muskeg; In Fig. 3,1 is that river flows to, 2 flow directions of overflowing for flood, and 3 is bank line, and 4 is the natural pond willow of cuttage, and the angle between 5 flow directions of overflowing for flood and riverbank, 6 is natural pond wicker band.
When within 2014, summer floods rise, a large amount of maize straw has floated in riparian wetlands with flood, is obstructed and is detained when arriving at Hlgh-bed; By the stop of the plantation natural pond willow that embarks on journey during water-break, most of maize straw is intercepted in the wetland of riverine recovery.According to actual monitoring and estimation, the stalk amount every km section dry weight retained is about 9t; Prove that the method for this test can effectively tackle the floating thing overflowed in flood, alleviate the organic loading in the river of downstream, Song Hua River.
Claims (5)
1. the cultivation method of streamside, a Zhong Han district inundation band muskeg, is characterized in that the cultivation method of a kind of Han Qu streamside inundation band muskeg, specifically completes according to the following steps:
One, determine the plantation direction of vegetation: by the lodging direction of plant or crop after on-site inspection and monitoring flood, determine the flow direction that on low alluvial flat, flood overflows, flowing to that plantation direction and the flood on the low alluvial flat of Han Qu of vegetation overflow is identical;
Two, serike: the flow direction of overflowing according to flood on the low alluvial flat of Han Qu, build wetland plant band at streamside inundation band, the spacing between every two wetland plant bands is 2m ~ 5m; Serike 3 row ~ 10 row in every bar wetland plant band; Line-spacing and spacing in the rows are 10cm ~ 20cm, namely complete the cultivation method of Han Qu streamside inundation band muskeg.
2. the cultivation method of a kind of Han Qu streamside according to claim 1 inundation band muskeg, is characterized in that the plant described in step 2 is shrub or herbaceous plant; Described shrub is natural pond willow; Described herbaceous plant is reed or cattail.
3. the cultivation method of a kind of Han Qu streamside according to claim 2 inundation band muskeg, is characterized in that cuttage 5 row natural pond willow in described every bar wetland plant band; The spacing of every two wetland plant bands is 5m, and the natural pond willow line-spacing in wetland plant band is 15cm, and spacing in the rows is 15cm.
4. the cultivation method of a kind of Han Qu streamside according to claim 2 inundation band muskeg, is characterized in that transplanting 10 row reeds in described every bar wetland plant band; The spacing of every two wetland plant bands is 3m, and the reed line-spacing in wetland plant band is 10cm, and spacing in the rows is 10cm.
5. the cultivation method of a kind of Han Qu streamside according to claim 2 inundation band muskeg, is characterized in that transplanting in described every bar wetland plant band 10 and to hold or participate in a prayer service at a temple Pu; The spacing of every two wetland plant bands is 3m, and the cattail line-spacing in wetland plant band is 10cm, and spacing in the rows is 10cm.
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| CN201410624244.7A CN104429473B (en) | 2014-11-06 | 2014-11-06 | Planting method for cold region streamside flooding area wetland vegetation |
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| CN201410624244.7A CN104429473B (en) | 2014-11-06 | 2014-11-06 | Planting method for cold region streamside flooding area wetland vegetation |
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Cited By (5)
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| CN104756725A (en) * | 2015-04-15 | 2015-07-08 | 北京林业大学 | Method for planting river bank water-land ecotone vegetation |
| CN105417712A (en) * | 2015-12-01 | 2016-03-23 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Construction method of ecological river branch in floodplain wetland in plain area |
| CN108444838A (en) * | 2018-03-21 | 2018-08-24 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of trees evaluation method for early warning resistant to lodging |
| CN109042112A (en) * | 2018-07-11 | 2018-12-21 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | A kind of quick recovery method of song-Nen plain degeneration Marsh Wetland Phragmites communis population rhizome |
| CN115968700A (en) * | 2022-12-12 | 2023-04-18 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Planting method of cold region riverside buffer spotted blocky willow cluster |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104756725A (en) * | 2015-04-15 | 2015-07-08 | 北京林业大学 | Method for planting river bank water-land ecotone vegetation |
| CN105417712A (en) * | 2015-12-01 | 2016-03-23 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Construction method of ecological river branch in floodplain wetland in plain area |
| CN108444838A (en) * | 2018-03-21 | 2018-08-24 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of trees evaluation method for early warning resistant to lodging |
| CN108444838B (en) * | 2018-03-21 | 2020-07-24 | 大连理工大学 | Tree lodging resistance evaluation early warning method |
| CN109042112A (en) * | 2018-07-11 | 2018-12-21 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | A kind of quick recovery method of song-Nen plain degeneration Marsh Wetland Phragmites communis population rhizome |
| CN109042112B (en) * | 2018-07-11 | 2020-08-14 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Rapid recovery method for reed population rootstocks of degenerated swamp wetland in tender plain |
| CN115968700A (en) * | 2022-12-12 | 2023-04-18 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Planting method of cold region riverside buffer spotted blocky willow cluster |
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