CN104428917A - 用于具有电力推进的车辆的电能存储并具有通过u形刚性连接元件彼此并联和串联连接的圆柱化学电池的系统 - Google Patents

用于具有电力推进的车辆的电能存储并具有通过u形刚性连接元件彼此并联和串联连接的圆柱化学电池的系统 Download PDF

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CN104428917A
CN104428917A CN201380029581.5A CN201380029581A CN104428917A CN 104428917 A CN104428917 A CN 104428917A CN 201380029581 A CN201380029581 A CN 201380029581A CN 104428917 A CN104428917 A CN 104428917A
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chemical cell
connecting element
electrical connecting
storage system
cell
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CN104428917B (zh
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F.发瓦雷托
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Intelligent Energy Ltd
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Intelligent Energy Ltd
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    • H01M10/486Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for measuring temperature
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Abstract

一种用于具有电力推进的车辆(1)的电能存储的系统(14);该存储系统(14)提供有:一组化学电池(19),该组化学电池(19)中的每一个具有具有中心对称轴(21)的圆柱形状,并在一端呈现正极以及在相对的端呈现负极;电池被布置在至少一行(22)中,其中该行(22)的所有化学电池(19)彼此并联并且以预定间距一个接一个地被布置;并且具有用于连接同一行(22)的化学电池(19)的极的多个电连接元件(31),以便创建化学电池(19)的集合(32),其中化学电池(19)彼此并联连接,并且以便将化学电池(19)的集合(32)彼此串联连接。

Description

用于具有电力推进的车辆的电能存储并具有通过U形刚性连接元件彼此并联和串联连接的圆柱化学电池的系统
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于具有电力推进的车辆的电能存储的系统。
本发明被有利地应用于具有混合动力推进的道路车辆,下列描述将明确提及该混合动力推进而不失一般性。
现有技术
混合动力车辆包括:通过提供有变速箱的传动装置将驱动扭矩传动到驱动轮的内燃热机,以及机械地连接到驱动轮并且电连接到用于电能存储的系统的至少一个电机。通常,用于电能存储的系统包括一组彼此串联和并联连接的化学电池。
专利申请IT2012BO00056描述一种用于具有电力推进的车辆的电能存储的系统;该存储系统提供有彼此串联和并联连接的一组化学电池,该组化学电池中的每一个具有具有中心对称轴的圆柱形状,并提供有各自的电化学电池。化学电池被布置在由塑料材料制成的支撑基体中,该支撑基体给化学电池本身提供机械支撑。
在专利申请IT2012BO00056中,同一行的化学电池彼此并联连接,而不同行的化学电池彼此串联连接;特别地,每一行的化学电池具有正的电歧管,正的电歧管通过相应的正导体电连接到该行化学电池的所有正极,并且具有负的电歧管,负的电歧管通过相应的负导体电连接到该行化学电池的所有负极。然而,化学电池的上述电连接方法有一些缺点,因为它不允许通过彼此并联连接同一行的所有化学电池而在存储系统的端子处获得高的总电压,并且特别难以实现(并且因而昂贵)。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种用于具有电力推进的车辆的电能存储的系统,该存储系统摆脱了上述缺点,同时实现起来容易且效能成本合算。
根据本发明,根据所附权利要求提供一种用于具有电力推进的车辆的电能存储的系统。
附图说明
现在将参照附图描述本发明,附图示出它的非限制性的示例,其中:
·图1示出具有混合动力推进的道路车辆的示意平面图;
·图2示出图1中道路车辆的框架的示意平面图,具有用于根据突出的本发明实现的电能存储的系统;
·图3示出图2中框架的示意平面图,没有用于电能存储的系统;
·图4示出只是图2中用于电能存储的系统的示意平面、放大比例的视图;
·图5示出图2中组成用于电能存储的系统的化学电池的一些模块的示意透视图;
·图6示出图2中用于电能存储的系统的由塑料材料制成的支撑基体的示意透视图;
·图7示出图5中用于电能存储的系统的细节的示意剖面图;
·图8示出图5中用于电能存储的系统的细节的示意纵向剖面图;
·图9示出图2中组成用于电能存储的系统的化学电池的一些模块的示意透视图,具有在突出的化学电池之间的串联和并联的电连接;
·图10示出刚性U形连接元件的示意透视图,该刚性U形连接元件彼此串联和并联连接化学电池的两个并排集合;以及
·图11示出布线图,该布线示出一些行的化学电池的化学电池之间的串联和并联连接。
具体实施方式
在图1中,附图标记1总体上指示具有混合动力推进的道路车辆,其被提供有两个前轮2和两个后驱动轮3,两个后驱动轮3从混合电动机推进系统4接收驱动转矩。
车辆1具有平行于直线运动方向的纵向方向L(即平行于具有零转向角的运动方向)和垂直于纵向方向L的横向方向T。
混合电动机推进系统4包括内燃热机5,内燃热机5被布置在前方位置并提供有驱动轴6,将由内燃热机5生成的驱动扭矩传动到后驱动轮3的自动传动装置7,以及机械地连接到传动装置7并且可逆的电机8(即它能起到电动机的作用,吸收电能并生成机械驱动转矩,还起到发电机的作用,吸收机械能并生成电能)。
传动装置7包括驱动轴9,驱动轴9一方面成角度地是驱动轴6整体的一部分,而另一方面机械地连接到双离合器变速箱10,双离合器变速箱10被布置在后部位置并通过两个车轴11将运动传动到后驱动轮3,两个车轴11从差动齿轮12接收运动。主电机8机械地连接到变速箱10,并且特别地,它成角度地是变速箱10的主轴整体的一部分;关于将主电机8连接到双离合器变速箱10的方法将参考例如专利申请EP2325034A1的描述。
如图2和图3中所示,道路车辆1提供有包括底盘16(在图3中部分地和示意性地示出)的框架15,底盘16构成了隔室的下盘;在容纳存储系统14的底盘16(因此存储系统14位于底盘16之上)中获得两个壳体17(在图3中示出)。存储系统14包括两个容器18(典型地由导热和电绝缘的塑料材料制成),两个容器18中的每一个被插在相应的壳体17中,并且因此具有和壳体17本身相同的形状。
一组化学电池19被布置在每个容器18中,该化学电池彼此并联和串联连接,并且包括各自的电化学电池20(在图7和图8中示意性地示出),各自的电化学电池20适于将存储的化学能转化成电能,反之亦然。根据优选实施例,电化学电池20是锂离子(“Li-Ion”)电池。
如图5中所示,每个化学电池19具有具有中心对称轴21的圆柱形状,并且在一端具有正极,而在相对的端具有负极。存储系统14被成形,以便以这样一种方式被装在车辆1内,该方式是每个化学电池19的中心对称轴21不平行于车辆1的纵向方向L,也不平行于车辆1的横向方向T。
如图5中所示,化学电池5被彼此平行地布置在行22中,并且被布置在单个层上(即没有化学电池19具有在它本身的上方或下方布置的另一个化学电池19);根据未示出的不同实施例,该组化学电池19具有一个在另一个上方布置的两层或更多层的化学电池19。在每行22中,行22的所有化学电池19彼此平行,并且以这样一种方式以预定间距一个接一个地被布置,该方式是行22与化学电池19的中心对称轴21垂直地展开。
如图5和图6中所示,存储系统14包括由塑料材料制成的支撑基体23,化学电池19被布置在该支撑基体23内部。特别地,支撑基体23具有具有多个通孔24的矩形平行六面体的形状,多个通孔24中的每一个适于接收和包含被轴向地插入到通孔24中的相应的化学电池19。在本实施例中,只有每个化学电池19的中心部分由支撑基体23啮合(即被布置在相应的通孔24中的支撑基体23中),而每个化学电池19的两个端部(其中布置两个正电极和负电极)从支撑基体23突出。与化学电池19分离地和独立地实现支撑基体23(“空”的支撑基体23看上去如图6中所示),并且化学电池19在稍后的时间被插入到先前已被实现的支撑基体23的通孔24中。每个化学电池19的两个端部从支撑基体23突出;因此,在将化学电池19插入到支撑基体23中后,实现化学电池19的电连接和安全连接,因为每个化学电池19的端部完全可从外部访问。
根据图5中所示的优选实施例,支撑基体23不是承载该组电池的所有化学电池19的单个主体,而是通过彼此接近地布置支撑基体23的多个模块而以模块化的方式实现,多个模块中的每一个承载预定数量的化学电池19(在图5和6中所示的示例中的六个化学电池19)。换句话说,支撑基体23是由多个模块的联合以模块化的方式组成,所述多个模块彼此相同且各自承载相同数量的化学电池19(作为替代方案,可提供彼此有区别的不同类型的模块,而不是单个类型的模块)。这样,容易将支撑基体23的整体形状适应存储系统14的容器18的(通常是不规则的)形状。
如图7和图8中所示,支撑基体23的底面位于底盘16的底板25之上。每个化学电池19包括:具有圆柱形状的电化学电池20,以及外壳26,外壳26具有圆柱形状,在其内部容纳保持电化学电池20自身被压缩的电化学电池20,并且由具有高机械强度的材料制成。每个化学电池19提供有安全阀27(即排气或过压阀),安全阀27被布置在外壳26的基座上,并在进到外壳26中的压力超过预定的安全压力时被调节以打开;换句话说,安全阀27是机械最大压力阀,当进入到外壳26中的压力太高以不能防止外壳26本身的剧烈爆炸时,机械最大压力阀打开。每个化学电池19提供有排出道28,排出道28将安全阀27连接到通过底盘16的底板25获得的疏散开口28;优选地,每个疏散开口29由调节的塞30关闭,存在大于预定阈值的压力时,调节的塞30被设置为脱落。
图11示出在存储系统14的情况下并联和串联连接的布线图,其中化学电池19被分布在三行22上(在图11中,三行22是有区别的,即第一行较短,并且由六个化学电池19组成,而其它两行较长,并且各自由12个化学电池19组成)。提供多个电连接元件31,用于连接同一行22的化学电池19的极,以便创建化学电池19的集合32的序列(在附图中,由三个化学电池19组成),其中化学电池19彼此串联连接;换句话说,在化学电池19的每个集合32(在附图中,由三个化学电池19组成)中,化学电池19彼此并联连接,而化学电池19的各种集合32彼此串联连接。优选地,如图11中所示,化学电池19的行22彼此串联连接,但是替代地,化学电池19的行22也可以(全部或部分地)彼此并联连接。
如图9和图10中所示,每个电连接元件31由导电体材料(典型地是金属材料,诸如铜或铝)制成的刚性体组成,是U形的,并且包括第一头板33,该第一头板33电连接到相同的化学电池19的第一集合32中的化学电池19的正极,第二头板33,该第二头板33电连接到临近于化学电池19的第一集合32的相同的化学电池19的第二集合32中的化学电池19的负极,以及架接板34,该架接板34通过在化学电池19的两个集合32中的化学电池19上方(根据未示出的不同实施例,或者在下方)延伸而彼此连接两个头板33。因此,每个电连接元件31的架接板34位于支撑基体23的壁之上(顶部或底部)。
根据优选实施例,在每个电连接元件31中,至少一个头板33具有贯通开口35,贯通开口35被布置在相应的化学电池19的安全阀27处;贯通开口35的功能是防止头板33和相应的化学电池19的安全阀27之间的机械干扰。
支撑基体23具有机械强度,该机械强度小于单个化学电池19的机械强度,并且在(剧烈)碰撞的情况下经调节以便变得变形。换句话说,支撑基体23大小适合于具有足够高的机械强度(具有足够的安全余量),以承受标准驱动的应力(或者由加速度引起或者由振动引起),但没有高到足以承受在碰撞的情况下(当然有一定严重性,例如不是以低速的简单的后部碰撞)发生的应力。在任何情况下,对于支撑基体23的机械强度来说,(显著地)小于单个化学电池19的机械强度是必要的,因为在严重碰撞的情况下,如果支撑基体23变得变形(通常是分裂)是容许的(或者是希望的),但结果是单个化学电池19完整。
同样地,每个头板33通过机械连接机械地连接到相应的化学电池19的极,该机械连接具有在碰撞的情况下经调节以便导致连接中断的机械强度,该碰撞导致存储系统14的变形以及因此导致如上所述的化学电池19的一部分从它们天然的座上位移(由于支承基体23的机械破裂);这样,化学电池19之间的电连续性被至少部分地中断,即被放置的化学电池19自动从电路断开,从而降低短路或电击的风险。因此,在碰撞之后,有许多不彼此连接的化学电池19,从而单独地具有中等电压。
根据可能的实施例,在每个电连接元件31中,两个头板33只位于相应的化学电池19的极之上;在本实施例中,优选地,在每个电连接元件31中,通过由电连接元件31的变形生成的弹性回复力将两个头板33压在相应的化学电池19的极上,电连接元件31的变形是在电连接元件31耦合到化学电池19时建立的。换句话说,当它耦合到化学电池19时,每个电连接元件31变得略微弹性变形,并且这种弹性变形生成将两个头板33推压化学电池19的极的弹性回复力。
根据替代实施例(其也可与上述的弹性压力组合),在每个电连接元件31中,通过具有低机械阻力的焊接材料(诸如通过锡)将两个头板33焊接到相应的化学电池19的极。
根据图9中所示的优选实施例,存储系统14包括:控制整个存储系统14的中央控制单元36,以及连接到中央控制单元36的多个局部控制设备37。每个局部控制设备37与化学电池19的相应的集合32相关联,控制化学电池19的操作,并且根据与中央控制单元36的主-从模式操作。优选地,在化学电池19的每个集合32中,局部控制设备37由相应的电连接元件31的架接板34机械地支撑。典型地,在化学电池19的每个集合32中,局部控制设备37为每个化学电池19(或者为化学电池19的每个集合32)确定在两个极的端处的电压、流过两个极的电流强度和/或相应的电化学电池20的温度。
根据可能的实施例,提供热耦合到电连接元件31的架接板34的冷却系统;事实上,电连接元件31通常由也是热导体的金属材料(铜或铝)制成。例如,冷却系统可包括由通过泵循环的冷却流体穿过并位于架接板34的顶部表面上的线圈;典型地,塑料材料的薄层被插入在冷却系统的线圈和架接板34之间,该塑料材料是电绝缘的并且是热导体。
用于电能存储的上述系统14具有几个优点。
首先,在用于电能存储的系统14中,通过电连接元件31的化学电池19的电连接方法允许在存储系统14的端子处获得高的总电压,因为和并联连接相比,串联连接(这加算单个电压)在同一行22中占优势。
此外,在用于电能存储的系统14中,通过电连接元件31的化学电池19的电连接方法作为元件部分和作为组件二者是非常简单和廉价的。事实上,电连接元件31彼此全部相等,并且具有很简单的形状;此外,在组装过程中,电连接元件31通过易于自动化的移动而几乎“榫接(joint-wise)”地耦合到相应的化学电池19。

Claims (13)

1.一种用于具有电力推进的车辆(1)的电能存储的系统(14),该存储系统(14)包括:
一组化学电池(19),该组化学电池(19)中的每一个具有具有中心对称轴(21)的圆柱形状,并在一端呈现正极以及在相对的端呈现负极;电池被布置在至少一行(22)中,其中该行(22)的所有化学电池(19)彼此并联并且以预定间距一个接一个地被布置,使得该行(22)垂直于化学电池(19)的中心对称轴(21)展开;以及
用于连接同一行(22)的化学电池(19)的极的多个电连接元件(31),以便创建化学电池(19)的集合(32)的序列,其中化学电池(19)彼此并联连接,并且以便将化学电池(19)的集合(32)彼此串联连接;
存储系统(14)的特征在于:每个电连接元件(31)包括由导电体材料制成的刚性体组成,是U形的,并且包括第一头板(33),该第一头板(33)电连接到化学电池(19)的相同的第一集合(32)中的化学电池(19)的正极,第二头板(33),该第二头板(33)电连接到临近于化学电池(19)的第一集合(32)的化学电池(19)的相同的第二集合(32)中的化学电池(19)的负极,以及架接板(34),该架接板(34)通过在化学电池(19)的两个集合(32)中的化学电池(19)的上方或下方延伸而彼此连接两个头板(33)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的存储系统(14),其中:
每个化学电池(19)呈现安全阀(27),该安全阀(27)被布置接近化学电池(19)的极;以及
在每个电连接元件(31)中,至少一个头板(33)呈现贯通开口(35),对应于相应的化学电池(19)的安全阀(27)而布置该贯通开口(35)。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的存储系统(14),其中化学电池(19)的每个集合(32)包括局部控制设备(37),该局部控制设备(37)控制相应的化学电池(19)的操作。
4.根据权利要求3所述的存储系统(14),其中在化学电池(19)的每个集合(32)中,局部控制设备(37)由相应的电连接元件(31)的架接板(34)机械地支撑。
5.根据权利要求3或4所述的存储系统(14),其中在化学电池(19)的每个集合(32)中,局部控制设备(37)为每个化学电池(19)确定在两个极的端处的电压、流过两个极的电流强度和/或相应的电化学电池(20)的温度。
6.根据权利要求3、4或5所述的存储系统(14),并且包括:控制整个存储系统(14)的中央控制单元(36)连接到局部控制设备(37),并根据与局部控制设备(37)自身的主-从模式操作。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的存储系统(14),其中:
提供由塑料材料制成的支撑基体(23),在支撑基体(23)的内部布置化学电池(19);以及
每个电连接元件(31)的架接板(34)位于支撑基体(23)的壁之上。
8.根据权利要求7所述的存储系统(14),其中支撑基体(23)呈现机械强度,该机械强度比单个化学电池(19)的机械强度低,并且经调节以便在碰撞的情况下引起支撑基体(23)的变形。
9.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的存储系统(14),其中每个头板(33)通过机械连接机械地连接到相应的化学电池(19)的极,该机械连接呈现经调节以便在碰撞的情况下引起连接形变的机械强度。
10.根据权利要求9所述的存储系统(14),其中在每个电连接元件(31)中,两个头板(33)仅仅靠着相应的化学电池(19)的极。
11.根据权利要求10所述的存储系统(14),其中在每个电连接元件(31)中,通过由电连接元件(31)的变形生成的弹性回复力将两个头板(33)压在相应的化学电池(19)的极上,所述电连接元件(31)的变形是在电连接元件(31)耦合到化学电池(19)时建立的。
12.根据权利要求9所述的存储系统(14),其中在每个电连接元件(31)中,两个头板(33)被焊接到相应的化学电池(19)的极。
13.根据权利要求1至12中任一项所述的存储系统(14),并且包括冷却系统,该冷却系统热耦合到电连接元件(31)的架接板(34)。
CN201380029581.5A 2012-04-06 2013-04-05 用于具有电力推进的车辆的电能存储并具有通过u形刚性连接元件彼此并联和串联连接的圆柱化学电池的系统 Active CN104428917B (zh)

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