CN104422492A - 具有多个热电偶的液位传感器以及测量液位的方法 - Google Patents

具有多个热电偶的液位传感器以及测量液位的方法 Download PDF

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CN104422492A
CN104422492A CN201410509680.XA CN201410509680A CN104422492A CN 104422492 A CN104422492 A CN 104422492A CN 201410509680 A CN201410509680 A CN 201410509680A CN 104422492 A CN104422492 A CN 104422492A
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liquid level
level sensor
thermopair
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CN104422492B (zh
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T·尼曼
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Hella GmbH and Co KGaA
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01MLUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M11/00Component parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01M1/00 - F01M9/00
    • F01M11/04Filling or draining lubricant of or from machines or engines
    • F01M11/0408Sump drainage devices, e.g. valves, plugs
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01FMEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
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    • G01F23/22Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water
    • G01F23/24Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring variations of resistance of resistors due to contact with conductor fluid
    • G01F23/246Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring variations of resistance of resistors due to contact with conductor fluid thermal devices
    • G01F23/247Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring variations of resistance of resistors due to contact with conductor fluid thermal devices for discrete levels
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    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01MLUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M11/00Component parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01M1/00 - F01M9/00
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01MLUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M11/00Component parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01M1/00 - F01M9/00
    • F01M11/10Indicating devices; Other safety devices
    • F01M11/12Indicating devices; Other safety devices concerning lubricant level
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01FMEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F23/00Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
    • G01F23/0007Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm for discrete indicating and measuring
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01FMEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F23/00Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
    • G01F23/22Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01FMEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F23/00Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
    • G01F23/22Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water
    • G01F23/24Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring variations of resistance of resistors due to contact with conductor fluid
    • G01F23/246Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring variations of resistance of resistors due to contact with conductor fluid thermal devices
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01FMEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F23/00Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
    • G01F23/22Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water
    • G01F23/24Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring variations of resistance of resistors due to contact with conductor fluid
    • G01F23/246Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring variations of resistance of resistors due to contact with conductor fluid thermal devices
    • G01F23/247Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring variations of resistance of resistors due to contact with conductor fluid thermal devices for discrete levels
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    • F01M11/00Component parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01M1/00 - F01M9/00
    • F01M11/04Filling or draining lubricant of or from machines or engines
    • F01M11/0408Sump drainage devices, e.g. valves, plugs
    • F01M2011/0416Plugs
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F01MLUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M11/00Component parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01M1/00 - F01M9/00
    • F01M11/04Filling or draining lubricant of or from machines or engines
    • F01M11/0408Sump drainage devices, e.g. valves, plugs
    • F01M2011/0416Plugs
    • F01M2011/0441Plugs for measuring the lubricant level
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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Abstract

利用一种具有多个热电偶、用于测量容器中的液体液位的液位传感器,应该实现一种特别稳健的、可靠的实施方式。这如此来实现:将所述热电偶相互平行地排列,并且使其自下而上地延伸。在此,所述热电偶具有不同的高度,从而与液位有关地淹没所述热电偶的一部分,并且不淹没一部分。可以由此得出关于液位的信息。

Description

具有多个热电偶的液位传感器以及测量液位的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有多个热电偶的液位传感器,可用于测定在一种容器中的液体的液位,尤其可用于检测在一种机动车的油底壳中的机油的液位。本发明还涉及一种用于容纳一种液体的容器,尤其是在机动车中用于容纳机油的油底壳,并且还涉及一种用于测量一种液体的液位的方法。
背景技术
例如由DE 20 2006 002 674 U1已知这样一种液位传感器,所述液位传感器用于测量在机动车的油箱中的燃油的液位。所述热电偶依次串联,并且共同形成纵长延伸的热电柱。
发明内容
本发明的任务在于,提供一种结构特别简单并且耐用地构造的、上述类型的液位传感器。本发明的任务还在于提供一种用于容纳液体的容器,尤其是机动车中用于容纳发动机油的油底壳,能够以特别简单而且可靠的方式测定所述容器的液位。此外,本发明还提供一种利用上述液位传感器来测量在一种容器中的液体的液位的方法。
在一种用于测量容器中的液体的液位的、尤其是用于检测机动车的容纳容器中的液体的液位的、具有多个热电偶的液位传感器中根据本发明实质上如此进行设置:所述热电偶自下而上地延伸,所述热电偶具有不同的高度,并且将所述热电偶设计成热电的发电器。可以利用这种液位传感器来实现特别简单而且稳健的液位测量。能够以特别好的效果来检测完全地处在液体中的热电偶。在这些热电偶中,产生了通过塞贝克效应所引起的最大电压。各个热电偶相互独立地布置,并且自下而上地基本上垂直地延伸。所谓“基本上垂直”指的是:与垂线的偏差可以直至30°,尤其是直至10°。尤其是,所述热电偶在液位传感器的区域内不重叠、不交叉,尤其没有接触。在一个平面内放入所述热电偶时,则尤其应当如此。如果所述热电偶通过相应的保护层和外壳而相互交叉,但是在此时仍然相互热地并且尤其是电地相互无关,那么这也在本发明的范围内。优选将所有热电偶布置在用作“冷侧”的容器底部上。所述热电偶终止于不同的高度,从而可以针对不同的高度来分别确定所述热电偶是否被淹没。因此,所述测量或者测量精度取决于热电偶的数量以及不同热电偶的上端相互间的距离。将所述热电偶设计成热电发电器或者温差发电器,就可以放弃外部的供电装置。在此,充份利用“在对于其温度高于其环境的液体进行测量时被液体所覆盖的热电偶在其末端具有温差”这一点。通过所述塞贝克效应,因此在这些热电偶中产生了一种电压,该电压除了进行所述测量之外,也可以将其用来给所述液位传感器供电。因此,可以使得所述液位传感器独立于外部的电源进行工作。
在本发明的一种优选的实施方式中,所述液位传感器具有用于无线地传输测量数据的发射装置。例如该发射装置具有可用来传输所述测量数据的无线通信装置。在此可以使用不同的无线通信标准。由于通过热电的发电器自主供电,因此可以放弃所述液位传感器的所有布线。这样就能以极其简单而且因此节省时间和成本的方式装配所述液位传感器。
优选使得所有热电偶通向所述容器的底部,并且在这里在“冷侧”处具有其触点。该液位传感器尤其适合用来测量温热的或高温的液体的液位。该液位传感器特别是在测量机油液位时具有特殊的优点,因为在这里所述温差特别明显。在此所述“冷侧”可以具有30℃范围内的温度,而在机油中的热电偶的对置一端处则大约为100℃,并且在比较低的油位的情况下,也就是当热电偶的上端在空气中时,这里大约为60℃。
在本发明的一种优选的实施方式中,所述液位传感器具有基体,所述热电偶设置在该基体上。优选将所述热电偶基本平行地设置在该基体上,也就是相互间的角度小于30℃,优选小于10℃地进行布置。优选使得所述基体向上略微变窄地构成,从而使得布置于所述基体上的热电偶并非绝对平行,而是以上述角度相互倾斜。在本发明的一种优选的实施方式中,所述热电偶相互平行地布置。优选使得所述热电偶不相互重叠,尤其是没有接触。
将所述热电偶压印在所述基体上。此外还适宜在所述基体中设置一些能在其中容纳所述热电偶的凹进部分。可以在这些凹进部分中压印所述热电偶,或者以其它方式放入所述热电偶。
在本发明的另一种优选的实施方式中,使用一种保护层来遮盖所述热电偶。这里所述的也可以是一种封闭层。如果将所述热电偶布置在所述凹进部分之中,那么该保护层的层厚度最好如此之厚:足以使得所述保护层与所述基体的表面齐平。所述保护层的厚度优选至少为所述热电偶厚度的50%。
在本发明的一种优选实施方式中,所述液位传感器具有至少五个不同高度的热电偶。尤其适宜采用至少七个、特别适宜采用九个热电偶。
在本发明的一种优选的实施方式中,所述液位传感器具有至少一个储能装置,用于至少暂时地储存由热电偶所产生的电能。所述储能装置例如可以是蓄电池或者也可以是电容器,它们均可以储存源自所述热电偶的能量,然后例如可将其用来给所述发射装置供电。
本发明还涉及一种用于容纳液体的容器,尤其是机动车中用于容纳发动油的油底壳,其中将上面描述的液位传感器配置于所述的容器。
所述容器优选在底部区域中具有一种排放元件。在油底壳的情况下,该排放元件优选是放油螺塞。优选将所述液位传感器布置在所述排放元件上。这样就能以特别简单的方式装配和拆卸所述液位传感器。所述液位传感器的直径在此小于所述排放元件的直径。
按照本发明所述的方法,进行分析的优选方式是累加各个热电偶的电压,并且由所述如此获得的总电压直接地推测有多少热电偶也以其上端部被淹没。这样就能推断出所述液位。将所测定的电压与一种液位范围建立起联系。结果就是一种随着液位升高以阶梯函数形式上升的电压。也就是可以说明所述液位处在哪一个范围之内,其中通过相邻的热电偶的两个高度来定义所述范围。
在所述方法的一种改进实施方式中,将源自所述热电偶的电压至少部分地用来使所述液位传感器工作。在这种情况下,一方面在测量时将所述热电偶用来测定所述液位,另一方面通过塞贝克效应将该热电偶作为热电的发电器用于发电。例如可以利用所获得的电能使得所述液位传感器工作,从而可以实现自主供电的工作模式。仅当要被测量的液体具有比其环境更高的温度时,才能利用所述热电偶进行发电。
总而言之,所涉及的是一种特别有益的液位传感器,因为可以实现一种特别简单的构造,通过这种构造能够以稳健的、成本低廉的方式进行测量。不仅可以利用所述液位传感器进行一种静态的测量,而且也可以进行一种动态的测量。此外,测量误差在整个测量范围内是相同的。由于可以压印所述热电偶并且通过保护层来保护该热电偶,所以所述传感器和所有的感测区域均在介质之外。因此,所述传感器能耐受脏污和腐蚀性介质。所述液位传感器对于倾斜的安装也比较不敏感。因此测量本身没有问题。可以一如既往地进行略有误差的测量,所述误差由此而引起:由于倾斜的安装位置使得所述热电偶的高度并不恰好相应于预测的高度。
附图说明
以下将根据在附图中所示出的实施例对于本发明进行详细解释。示意性的示图详细地示出如下:
附图1一种容器与容纳于其中的液位传感器的示意性剖面侧视图;以及
附图2本发明所述的液位传感器的横断面。
具体实施方式
附图1所示为布置于容器2中的液位传感器1,该容器例如可以是机动车中的油底壳。液位传感器尤其具有基体10,将多个热电偶、优选将5=至10个热电偶布置在该基体上。在所示出的实施例中,绘出了三个热电偶4、5和6。每个热电偶均由一对热电偶构成,具有由第一金属构成的导体8和由第二金属构成的导体9。这两个导体8和9在两个自由端处相互连接。这里可看出由所述第一金属和第二金属构成的两个导体8、9的上触点7。该上触点7在所使用的热电偶4、5和6中有不同高度。这里不能看见所述第一导体8和第二导体9的下方的触点,因为这些触点布置在所述容器2底部3的区域之中。这里是将其布置在容纳着所述基体10的排放元件12之中。
在所示出的该实施方式中,所述基体10向上大致逐渐收尾地构造。相互独立地电地连接各个热电偶4、5和6。所述热电偶4、5和6基本上平行地排列,也就是说,在具有向上大致收尾的基体10的实施方式中,这些热电偶相互间的角度小于30°,优选小于10°。将所述热电偶4、5和6不相交或者不重叠地布置在基体10上。将所述基体10布置在一种排放元件12上。可以将该排放元件12设计成放油螺塞。这里示出了螺纹11,利用该螺纹将所述排放元件12旋入到所述容器2的底部3之中。设置一种环形的密封件13,利用该密封件使得所述排放元件12相对于容器2进行密封。
当所述容器2中没有液体时,所有触点7均在液体之外,并且所述热电偶4、5、6全部呈现相同的电压,因为在底部区域中的触点和上触点7之间存在全部相同的温差。当液位升高、并且在液体和周围空气之间的温度不同时,如果超过所述热电偶4的触点7,那么其输出电压就会变化。这样就能确定所述液位在范围B1之中,也就是在第一热电偶4的触点7和第二热电偶5的触点7之间。当液位继续升高并且超过所述第二热电偶5的触点7的高度时,就可以确定所述液位在范围B2之中。使用更多的热电偶就能扩大所述测量范围,并且/或者提高所述液位测量的精度。
按照本发明,以累加各个热电偶4、5和6电压的形式来进行所述测量。当超过各个热电偶的每个触点7时,所测定的总电压就会呈阶梯状或梯级状升高。将该升高幅度对应于一定范围B中的液位。
在附图2中示出了一种基体10的横断面,其中只有一个热电偶6布置在该横断面的范围内。在基体10中设置一个凹进部分15。将热电偶6放在该凹进部分15之中,尤其压在所述凹进部分15的底部上。将保护层16涂覆在所述热电偶6上。该保护层16就是封闭层。所述基体10优选由塑料制成。所述保护层16同样优选由塑料制成,优选由与基体10一样的塑料制成。热电偶6的厚度大于保护层16的厚度。但是保护层16的厚度仍然大于热电偶6的一半厚度。所述保护层16与基体10的顶面齐平封闭。
以上说明中和权利要求中所述的所有特征均可以任意选择地与独立权利要求的特征相结合,因此本发明的公开内容并不局限于所描述的或者所要求保护的特征组合,而是应该将本发明范围内所有合理的特征组合看成是公开内容。

Claims (15)

1.用于测量在一种容器(2)中的液体的液位的液位传感器,具有多个热电偶(4,5,6),其特征在于,所述热电偶(4,5,6)从下向上地延伸,并且该热电偶(4,5,6)具有不同的高度,并且将该热电偶(4,5,6)构成为热电的发电器。
2.根据权利要求1所述的液位传感器,其特征在于,所述液位传感器(1)具有用于无线地传输测量数据的发射装置。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的液位传感器,其特征在于,所述热电偶(4,5,6)从容器(2)的底部(3)相互独立地向上延伸。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的液位传感器,其特征在于,所述液位传感器(1)具有基体(10),将所述热电偶(4,5,6)布置在该基体上。
5.根据权利要求4所述的液位传感器,其特征在于,将所述热电偶(4,5,6)压印在所述基体(10)上。
6.根据权利要求4或5中任一项所述的液位传感器,其特征在于,所述基体(10)具有凹进部分(15),在该凹进部分中容纳了所述热电偶(4,5,6)。
7.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的液位传感器,其特征在于,将保护层(16)涂覆在所述热电偶(4,5,6)上。
8.根据权利要求7所述的液位传感器,其特征在于,所述保护层(16)与所述基体(10)的表面齐平。
9.根据权利要求7或8中任一项所述的液位传感器,其特征在于,所述保护层(16)具有所述热电偶(6)的厚度的至少50%。
10.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的液位传感器,其特征在于,所述液位传感器(1)具有至少五个不同高度的热电偶(4,5,6)。
11.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的液位传感器,其特征在于,所述液位传感器(1)具有至少一个储能装置,用于至少暂时地储存由所述热电偶(4,5,6)所产生的电能。
12.用于容纳一种液体的容器,尤其是机动车中用于容纳机油的油底壳,其特征在于,所述容器(2)具有按照上述权利要求中任一项所述的液位传感器(1)。
13.根据权利要求12所述的容器,其特征在于,所述容器(2)在该容器(2)的底部(3)处具有一种排放元件(12),并且将所述液位传感器(1)布置在该排放元件(12)上。
14.利用按照权利要求1至11中任一项所述的液位传感器(1)来测量在一种容器(2)中的液体的液位用的方法,其特征在于,测定所有热电偶(4,5,6)的电压,并且将所述电压累加起来,并且使得所测定的电压与一种液位范围(B1,B2)建立起联系。
15.根据权利要求14所述的方法,其特征在于,将源自所述热电偶(4,5,6)的电压至少部分地用来使得所述液位传感器(1)工作。
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