CN104420455A - Permeability test device - Google Patents
Permeability test device Download PDFInfo
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- CN104420455A CN104420455A CN201410121695.9A CN201410121695A CN104420455A CN 104420455 A CN104420455 A CN 104420455A CN 201410121695 A CN201410121695 A CN 201410121695A CN 104420455 A CN104420455 A CN 104420455A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D1/00—Investigation of foundation soil in situ
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D1/00—Investigation of foundation soil in situ
- E02D1/02—Investigation of foundation soil in situ before construction work
- E02D1/027—Investigation of foundation soil in situ before construction work by investigating properties relating to fluids in the soil, e.g. pore-water pressure, permeability
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Abstract
The invention relates to a permeability test apparatus, composed of a cylindrical airtight water tank for water storage and measurement and openings being disposed at the lower end side of the airtight water tank and capable of being sealed. The airtight water tank is disposed in a base side test hole stored with a predetermined amount of water, and the openings at the lower end side act as Mariotte Siphon constant water level keeping pipes and water injection pipes, the permeability of a base as an object can be measured according to the decrease in the water level in the airtight water tank. As for the permeability test apparatus, the airtight water tank is formed by a plurality of cylindrical spaces of different volumes, the lower end sides of the cylindrical spaces are provided with the openings acting as the constant water level keeping pipes and the water injection pipes, any one of the plurality of the cylindrical spaces of different volume is selected and measured according to the permeability of the base as the object, and thus, the permeability can be measured in an appropriate time corresponding to the permeability of a base to be measured.
Description
Technical field
The present application relates to and efficiency can measure the formation of the apparatus for permeability test of the water permeability of the various grounds making water permeability different well.
Background technology
For the embankment structure (levee body) of reservoir bulwark or rivers and creeks bulwark etc., as one of function that it is important, require the safety of soaking into for rainwater when fluctuation of water table and rainfall.What arrange this hydraulic safety is the water permeability of ground, manages to suitably carry out this and checks, needs precision can measure the apparatus for permeability test of the water permeability of this ground well easily.
Recently, as such apparatus for permeability test, there is provided following apparatus for permeability test: the airtight tank be made up of the cylinder becoming device body, the opening that can seal of the feed water inlet that can seal being located at the upper end side of this airtight tank and the lower end side being located at above-mentioned airtight tank is formed, the airtight tank of this formation is arranged in the ground side test hole of the water storing given amount, the opening of above-mentioned airtight tank lower end side is worked as the constant water level holding tube of Marriot syphon (Mariotte Siphon) formula and water injection pipe, thus, according to be provided with above-mentioned test hole ground water permeability and the water level amount in above-mentioned airtight tank is reduced, water permeability is measured (such as according to the minimizing degree of this water level amount, with reference to patent document 1).
According to such device, be located at the opening of the lower end side of the airtight tank becoming device body, work as the constant water level holding tube of existing Marriot siphon apparatus for permeability test and water injection pipe, do not need the constant water level holding tube as existing or water injection pipe.
As a result, in the apparatus, device is made up of 1 cylinder that diameter is less substantially, reduces costs widely.In addition, carrying is also convenient, as long as by the test hole of this device insertion objects ground and to be flatly arranged on the rubble be filled in this test hole first-class, thus has determination test operation and also becomes the large advantage such as easy significantly.
Prior art document
Patent document 1: Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication 2012-127673 publication (5th ~ 7 pages, manual, Fig. 1 ~ Fig. 3).
Summary of the invention
The problem that invention will solve
When above-mentioned apparatus for permeability test, the airtight tank as the cartridge body configuration of device body is 1, how to have nothing to do with the water permeability of object ground, is stored in by mensuration water in 1 airtight tank overall all the time, carries out permeability test.Therefore, usually, the cylindrical shell volume settings of this airtight tank is the corresponding large volume of the ground high with water permeabilitys such as grit layers.
Therefore, if for the water permeability using this device to carry out measurement example ground (impermeability ground) as extremely low in water permeabilitys such as argillic horizons, then because the water in test hole is to soaking into slowly in ground, the slippage of the water level thus in airtight tank is also few, there is the problem measuring the cost extremely long time (several hours ~ several days).
When wish basis also comprises the difference of the water permeability of the object ground of such impermeability ground and realizes suitable minute, as a method, consider to use the multiple airtight tank that such as large, medium and small volume (the mensuration water yield) is different to form multiple water permeable device.
, in such a situation, geological survey company etc. must buy multiple stage apparatus for permeability test and carry and go to, and not only funds go up but also measure operation itself also with numerous and diverse.
The present application is made to solve such problem, its object is to, there is provided such apparatus for permeability test: be made up of the airtight tank in this device multiple barrel spaces that volume is different, the opening worked as constant water level holding tube and water injection pipe is provided with in the lower end side of those each barrel spaces, according to the water permeability of ground becoming object, select and measure any one of the different multiple barrel spaces of this volume, thereby, it is possible to measure water permeability with the suitable minute corresponding with the water permeability of the ground for measuring.
For solving the scheme of problem
The present application possesses following effective problem solution for this reason and forms.
(1) the problem solution of the invention of claim 1
Problem solution of the present invention is, a kind of apparatus for permeability test, be made up of with the opening that can seal of the lower end side being located at this airtight tank the airtight tank of the cartridge body configuration storing mensuration water, the above-mentioned airtight tank of this formation is arranged in the ground side test hole of the water storing given amount, and, the opening of above-mentioned lower end side is worked as the constant water level holding tube of Marriot siphon and water injection pipe, the water permeability of the ground becoming object is measured according to the minimizing of the water level amount in above-mentioned airtight tank, it is characterized in that, above-mentioned airtight tank is formed by multiple barrel spaces that volume is different, the opening worked as above-mentioned constant water level holding tube and water injection pipe is provided with in the lower end side of those each barrel spaces, according to the water permeability of ground becoming object, select and measure any one of the different multiple barrel spaces of this volume, thus, water permeability can be measured with the suitable minute corresponding with the water permeability of the ground for measuring.
According to such formation, store mensuration water and become the airtight flume section of the cartridge body configuration of device body, the multiple barrel spaces different by volume are formed, in the lower end side of those each barrel spaces, be provided with separately as the constant water level holding tube of Marriot siphon and water injection pipe and the opening worked.
Therefore, according to the water permeability of ground becoming object, with such as when carrying out the mensuration of the high ground of water permeability for capacious barrel space and when carrying out the mensuration of the low ground of water permeability for the mode of the little barrel space of volume, at random select and measure the barrel space of the volume space of the best of the different multiple barrel spaces of volume, thereby, it is possible to measure water permeability with suitable minute respectively.And, if make the difference in volume that the difference in volume in this situation becomes fully large, then also effectively can tackle the mensuration of above-mentioned impermeability ground, minute can be shortened widely.
In this case, become multiple barrel spaces that volume in the airtight tank of the cartridge body configuration of said apparatus body is different, also can be formed by the multiple barrel space becoming volume different the interior separation of such as 1 cylindrical shell, also can by many different for volume cylindrical shell integrations be formed.
(2) the problem solution of the invention of claim 2
Problem solution of the present invention, is characterized in that, in the problem solution of the invention of the claims 1, about multiple barrel spaces that volume is different, make the height of above-below direction identical, make internal diameter or the section area difference of barrel, thus, make volume different.
According to such formation, even if when water permeability is certain, internal diameter or the section area of barrel space are less, more can increase the variable quantity of water level decreasing.Therefore, if when the ground that water permeability is low, select internal diameter or the little barrel space of section area and loaded by water and measure, then correspondingly can increase and accelerate the variable quantity of the water level corresponding with level scale, minute itself also can shorten effectively.
In addition, when such formation, each barrel space makes the height of above-below direction identical and forms, and between each cylindrical shell, thus jointly can use level scale, there is no need to arrange multiple level scale.
The effect of invention
Above result is, according to the apparatus for permeability test of the present application, when the impermeability ground that the water permeability as argillic horizon is extremely low, also effectively can increase and accelerate the change of the water level amount in airtight tank portion, correctly can measure water permeability with minute shorter compared with existing far away.
As a result, in this apparatus for permeability test, just can be corresponding with high accuracy widely and measure to extremely low situation from the high situation of the water permeability of object ground with an experimental rig.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the front view of the experimental rig body of the formation of the apparatus for permeability test involved by embodiment 1 that the present application is shown.
Fig. 2 is the plan view of this experimental rig body.
Fig. 3 is the longitudinal section (sectional view of the A-A line cutting portion of Fig. 2) at the fore-and-aft direction central portion place of this experimental rig body.
Fig. 4 is the horizontal sectional view (sectional view of the B-B line cutting portion of Fig. 1) at the lower end side water filling port part place of this experimental rig body.
Fig. 5 is the amplification sectional view of the major part of the formation of the 2nd water filling port part of the lower end side that this experimental rig body is shown.
Fig. 6 is the key diagram (figure of the permeability test state of the impermeability ground of the intrinsic 2nd barrel space S2 of application apparatus) that the formation this experimental rig body being arranged at experimental rig body in the test hole of the ground side of determination object and under actual state of carrying out permeability test and ground side test hole is shown.
Fig. 7 is a part of otch plan view of the formation (water level decreasing promotes pad laying state) of peripheral part in the ground side test hole under the permeability test state of Fig. 6 that this experimental rig body of use is shown.
Fig. 8 be illustrate this experimental rig body is arranged at ground side test hole in and the key diagram (figure of the permeability test state of the usual ground of the 1st barrel space S1 of application apparatus base side) of the formation of experimental rig body under actual state of carrying out permeability test and ground side test hole.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 ~ Fig. 8 illustrates the formation of the apparatus for permeability test of the ground involved by the embodiment of the present application and uses the embodiment of permeability test of this experimental rig.
The formation > of < apparatus for permeability test body
First, Fig. 1 ~ Fig. 5 illustrates the device body portion of this apparatus for permeability test and the formation of this device body each several part respectively.
Namely, apparatus for permeability test 10 involved by present embodiment 1, such as, as shown in Fig. 1 ~ Fig. 4, be made up of following parts: the 1st cylindrical shell (cylinder) 10a, its be by material allyl resin that transparency is high and the length of entirety (highly) be h1, internal diameter is that the cylinder of Φ 1 is formed, and is formed with the 1st barrel space S1 in inner side; 2nd cylindrical shell (semicylindrical body) 14, it is located at inside the barrel of the 1st cylindrical shell 10a, is h1 and the semicylindrical body that the diameter of inside is Φ 2 is formed by the length of entirety, is formed with the 2nd barrel space S2 in inner side; Formed above-mentioned 1st, the 2nd cylindrical shell 10a, 14 the thickness t1 of bottom and discoideus bottom parts 10b; And formed above-mentioned 1st, the 2nd cylindrical shell 10a, 14 the thickness t2 of cap and the discoideus cover 10c that can load and unload.
It is all throughout the cylindrical shell of equal diameter from lower end side to the entirety of upper end side that above-mentioned 1st, the 2nd cylindrical shell 10a, 14 becomes internal diameter, external diameter.In addition, above-mentioned bottom parts 10b and cover 10c is all formed as the parts of the diameter of given dimensional larger than the external diameter of above-mentioned 1st cylindrical shell 10a.And, in the set height and position h2 part of the bottom parts 10b side end of above-mentioned 1st cylindrical shell 10a, 1st, the 2nd, the 3rd, the 4th, the 5th, the 6th water filling port 11a, 11b, 11c, 11d, 11e, 11f such as, to separate set interval (in this embodiment, the interval of 60 degree: with reference to Fig. 2, Fig. 4) in the circumferential direction and the through state to outside is arranged from the inner side of radial direction.These the 1st ~ 6th water filling port 11a ~ 11f make identical and arrange to the height and position h2 of opening portion upper end side (corresponding with constant water level described later) from the upper surface of above-mentioned bottom parts 10b respectively, and, at each of those water filling ports, be respectively equipped with the water filling bolt (omitting diagram) that can insert or unload as sealing mechanism.
In these the 1st ~ 6th water filling port 11a ~ 11f the except the 2nd water filling port 11b the 1st, the 3rd ~ 6th water filling port 11a, 11c ~ 11f, be formed as the more bigbore water filling port that such as bore is about 14mm, formed towards radial direction foreign side straight line (level) from cental axial position.On the other hand, only the 2nd water filling port 11b is arranged accordingly with the 2nd barrel space S2 in the 2nd above-mentioned cylindrical shell 14, its bore is formed as being equivalent to the small-bore of about 3 ~ 5mm, such as, as Fig. 5 illustrates in detail, in the 2nd barrel space S2 side of the 2nd cylindrical shell 14 to inner side of the outer peripheral face side opening portion from above-mentioned 1st cylindrical shell 10a, there is set up-wards inclination angle θ and formed.
This up-wards inclination angle θ, as described later, consider the surface tension of injected water, by becoming small-bore as above, thus reduction surface tension, thus, the diameter of the bubble during water filling produced in the mensuration water of reduction in above-mentioned 2nd barrel space S2, successfully produce continuous print numerous air-bubble, the inflow of efficient air, the outpouring of water can be carried out, and the further response of this water filling effect is followed the water level decreasing in test hole 2 described later well and carries out, and is set as the value of the contact angle about 20 degree of such as water.
If make to reduce bore in this wise and the capillary water filling port 11b reducing water tilts in the mode dropping to outlet opening side from introducing port side according to the contact angle of water further, then path-length itself is elongated, but produce the difference of the height between introducing port and outlet opening, the glassware for drinking water at introducing port part place has potential energy, the pressure that this water is subject to measuring water also moves to outlet opening side and declines simultaneously, thus, kinetic energy is made to increase and flow out simultaneously gradually.In addition, the surface tension of the water at above-mentioned introducing port part place, minimum when the above-mentioned tiltangleθ at this part place being set to the contact angle about 20 degree of water.
Therefore, according to this formation, also improve tracing ability, the response of the decline of the water level (constant water level) to test hole 2 side described later widely, even if reduce the bore of water filling port 11b as described above, also can follow the fluctuation of water table of test hole 2 side fully.
In addition, at the 2nd water filling port 11b, the water filling bolt same with above-mentioned 1st, the 3rd ~ 6th water filling port 11a, 11c ~ 11f is also provided with.
Above-mentioned cover 10c, relative to above-mentioned 1st cylindrical shell 10a upper end side opening portion and with the state that can load and unload be fitted together to, under the state inserting above-mentioned 1st, the 3rd ~ 6th water filling port 11a, 11c ~ 11f from the dismounting of the upper end of above-mentioned 1st cylindrical shell 10a and by water filling bolt, if water permeability is measured use water (mensuration water) W2 and is loaded to full water position by the 1st barrel space S1 part in above-mentioned 1st cylindrical shell 10a, be then fitted together to subsequently.In addition, in the upper surface part central authorities of above-mentioned cover 10c, the level gauge 12 of level when being provided with in the test hole 2 for confirming this device to be arranged at ground 1 side described later, uses the level that this level gauge 12 correctly confirms when arranging.
Above-mentioned 1st, the 3rd ~ 6th water filling port 11a, 11c ~ 11f, corresponding with the size of the water permeability of the usual ground (ground except except impermeability ground) for determination object, adjust its open state (quantity by inserted water filling bolt pulls out).
Namely, when the 1st cylindrical shell 10a using above-mentioned internal diameter large is thus to carry out permeability test, according to the size (difference) of the water permeability of the ground 1 as determination object, corresponding with the decline of the water level in test hole 2, the water injection rate (waterflood injection rate) that can be filled within the unit interval in test hole 2 is adjusted to optimum value (explanation with reference to Fig. 8 described later).
Like this, in formation preferably, circumferential direction along above-mentioned 1st cylindrical shell 10a is provided with multiple water filling port 11a, 11c ~ 11f, select its quantity, thus, in certain scope, basis becomes the water permeability of the ground of object, namely the adjustment carried out to the water injection rate (waterflood injection rate) in test hole 2 from test hole 2 described later to the difference of the amount of the water measured in unit interval of infiltrating in ground 1, can carry out according to the water permeability of measured ground suitably and mensuration in the good minute of efficiency.
; in this case; if only have those; even if then in a way can be corresponding with the difference of the water permeability of ground 1; the airtight tank used also is only the 1st barrel space S1 in the 1st cylindrical shell 10a; its volume, internal diameter, section area itself is certain, how to have nothing to do with the water permeability of determination object ground 1, is stored in by mensuration water W2 overall in the 1st barrel space S1 all the time and carries out permeability test.Therefore, the volume of the 1st barrel space S1, internal diameter, section area are set as large volume, internal diameter, section area that the ground high with water permeabilitys such as usual grit layers is corresponding.
Therefore, if for the water permeability only using the 1st barrel space S1 to carry out measurement example impermeability ground as extremely low in water permeabilitys such as argillic horizons, then because the water in test hole 2 is extremely slow to soaking in ground 1, the slippage of the water level thus in the 1st barrel space S1 also terrifically less (such as, 1mm in several hours), measure the time (several hours ~ several days) that cost is extremely long.That is, the problem of the existing example set forth is left over.
When realizing suitable (practicality) minute in the difference for the water permeability according to such determination object ground 1, as set forth, consider, the multiple apparatus for permeability test that production example is as different in large, medium and small cylindrical shell volume, cylinder internal diameter, uses the device of the best in them to carry out permeability test., in such a situation, geological survey company etc. must buy multiple stage apparatus for permeability test and carry and go to, and has not only funds and goes up but also measure operation itself also with considerable numerous and diverse shortcoming.
So, in this embodiment, in order to solve such problem, as mentioned above, be configured to, in the inner side of above-mentioned 1st cylindrical shell 10a, in 1st barrel space S1, the length (highly) being provided with above-below direction and 2nd cylindrical shell 14 of cross section semi-circular shape that internal diameter than above-mentioned 1st cylindrical shell 10a far away less identical with above-mentioned 1st cylindrical shell 10a, by the both ends 14a of the 2nd cylindrical shell 14, 14b engages integrated with the inner peripheral surface of above-mentioned 1st cylindrical shell 10a, thus, at length (highly) h1 being provided with above-below direction each other and volume identical with above-mentioned 1st barrel space S1 and internal diameter (section area) the 2nd barrel space S2 less far away than above-mentioned 1st barrel space S1, in the height and position h2 part that the lower end side of the 2nd barrel space S2 is set, be provided with the 1st of bore and above-mentioned 1st barrel space S1 the, 3rd ~ 6th water filling port 11a, 11c ~ 11f compare and quite little and in above-mentioned 2nd barrel space S2 with set angle θ up-wards inclination (if watched in reverse direction, then decline inclination) and the 2nd water filling port 11b as Fig. 5 of open communication, use those the 2nd barrel space S2 and the 2nd water filling port 11b to measure water permeability, thus, ground 1 for measuring is argillic horizon etc., water permeability is extremely low, if use above-mentioned 1st barrel space S1 and the 1st, 3rd ~ 6th water filling port 11a, 11c ~ 11f measures, so, suppose the 1st, the water filling port 11a of the 3rd ~ 6th, the most water filling port of 11c ~ 11f arranges water filling bolt, even if then all only arrange 1, mensuration also needs several little of several days, under these circumstances, be configured to also can measure rapidly as much as possible.
And, in this embodiment, at the outer peripheral face of above-mentioned 1st cylindrical shell 10a, be provided with for when mensuration water W2 being loaded from its lower end side to upper end side the permeability test in above-mentioned 1st barrel space S1, read the water yield scale (level scale) 13 of the changes delta W2 of the water yield of the mensuration water W2 reduced, but this water yield scale 13 is to arrange with the state that connects of end 14b part on the left of the front view of above-mentioned 2nd cylindrical shell 14, jointly dual-purpose (with reference to mensuration state diagram 6 described later and Fig. 8) in above-mentioned 1st, the 2nd barrel space.
The apparatus for permeability test 10 formed in this wise, via its bottom parts 10b part, as shown in such as Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 or Fig. 8, is arranged on vertical state and uses with in existing same test hole 2.
At this, first, Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 illustrates the mensuration state (situation that use internal diameter, the 2nd barrel space S2 that section area is less than the 1st barrel space S1 measure) of the situation of such impermeability ground far away: extremely low as the water permeability of the ground 1 of determination object, if the 1st barrel space S1 using above-mentioned internal diameter, section area large measures, then excessive spended time and impracticable.
Then, Fig. 8 illustrates the mensuration state of such situation: as the ground 1 of determination object water permeability and extreme is low, even if use the 1st above-mentioned barrel space S1, also can measure with more common minute.
The order of the mensuration in < Fig. 6 and Fig. 7: the mensuration > of the situation of the impermeability ground that water permeability is extremely low
(1) generation of test hole
As an example, such as, as shown in Figure 6, on the ground 1 becoming determination object, excavate the test hole (constant water level groove) 2 of the bottomed cylindrical that diameter is about 0.3m, the degree of depth is about about 0.3m of the benchmark based on the meeting of ground engineering, measure the radius of reality, the degree of depth from ground surface that record the test hole 2 excavated.
(2) filling of rubble
In above-mentioned test hole 2, from bottom surface to the height of about about 2/3, be paved with many rubbles (particle diameter about 10mm) 3,3 through washing ... form the installation surface of above-mentioned apparatus for permeability test 10, further, the absolute magnitude being stored in the mensuration water in test hole 2 reduces as much as possible.
In this case, according to measuring the rubble 3,3 after terminating ... taking-up, in addition, the easness of operation, the stability etc. of installation surface of storage when arranging, as shown in the figure, use rubble 3,3 ... the rubble of mesh bag is accommodated in finely divided state.
(3) water of given amount is to the injection in test hole 2
Test hole 2 works as constant water level groove.So, use bucket etc. to be injected in this test hole 2 by the water W1 of given amount.Then, temporarily separate a period of time, wait for the water W1 that injects with soak into a certain degree to ground 1, the minimizing degree of water W1 injected diminish, store in stable condition.
(4) to the water supply in the 2nd barrel space S2 of apparatus for permeability test 10
During this period, carry out measuring water W2 to the water supply in the 2nd barrel space S2 of above-mentioned apparatus for permeability test 10.This water supply proceeds to end haply.In this condition, water filling bolt is inserted above-mentioned 2nd water filling port 11b.
(5) apparatus for permeability test 10 is to the setting in test hole 2
If through the set time, the minimizing degree of the water W1 in test hole 2 diminishes, and stores in stable condition, then such as shown in Figure 6, the apparatus for permeability test 10 being incorporated with said determination water W2 inserts in test hole 2, is arranged at above-mentioned rubble 3,3 ... on face.In this placed state, use above-mentioned level gauge 12 to adjust, thus reliably become the state of level.
Then, afterwards state is set under, as shown in the figure, the upper end of the 2nd water filling port 11b is maintained the water yield level (constant water level) of the degree of flooding., even if in this case, the absolute water yield in this test hole 2 is fewer, and the minimizing of the water in test hole 2 is faster, and the decline of the water level in the 2nd barrel space S2 of water permeable device 10 side also accelerates.
So, in this embodiment, such as, as shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7, around the upper surface side of the lower end side bottom parts 10b of set water permeable device 10, have only by the rubble 3,3 in above-mentioned test hole 2 for presenting ... upper portion about 1/3 the water water level decreasing that stores the fan-shaped block structure of the volume (thickness and width) of space sealing promote pad 4,4 ... such as keeping gap 4a, 4a of water filling each other ... state under fill, thus, reduce the absolute magnitude of the water W1 be reserving in test hole 2 as far as possible.
In this case, above-mentioned water level decreasing promotes pad 4,4 ... can certainly be formed by the elastomeric material etc. being submerged in water, be formed with gap 4a, 4a ...In addition, the clay excavated can also be made to become same form and use.
(6) the water filling bolt of the 2nd water filling port 11b is pulled out
Subsequently, the water filling bolt of above-mentioned 2nd water filling port 11b is pulled out, release the mensuration water W1 in above-mentioned 2nd barrel space S2, under the state opening the 2nd water filling port 11b, the water level of the water W1 in above-mentioned test hole 2 is reliably in stable condition with illustrated constant water level (with reference to imaginary line).
(7) this test
And, subsequently, when measuring water W2 and stopping to the outflow in above-mentioned test hole 2 from above-mentioned 2nd barrel space S2, start determination test.
In determination test, carry out the reading of the process of about 3 times regular hours (unit interval) and variable quantity (reduction) the Δ W2 as the mensuration water level in the 2nd barrel space S2 of airtight tank.Then, based on their average, judge the permeable degree of this ground 1.
Certainly, in this case, when 1 exception in the read value of above-mentioned 3 times, again test, repeatedly test, until the value of 3 times becomes roughly the same value.
The order of the mensuration in < Fig. 8: water permeability the situation > of the mensuration of the low usual ground 1 of extreme
(1) generation of test hole
As an example, such as, as shown in Figure 8, on the ground 1 becoming determination object, excavate the test hole (constant water level groove) 2 of the bottomed cylindrical that diameter is about 0.3m, the degree of depth is about about 0.3m of the benchmark based on the meeting of ground engineering, measure the radius of reality, the degree of depth from ground surface that record the test hole 2 excavated.
(2) filling of rubble
In above-mentioned test hole 2, from bottom surface to the height of about about 2/3, be paved with many rubbles (particle diameter about 10mm) 3,3 through washing ..., form the installation surface of above-mentioned apparatus for permeability test 10, further, the absolute magnitude being stored in the mensuration water in test hole 2 is less.
In this case, according to measuring the rubble 3,3 after terminating ... taking-up, in addition, the easness of operation, the stability etc. of installation surface of storage when arranging, as shown in the figure, use rubble 3,3 ... the rubble of mesh bag is accommodated in finely divided state.
(3) water of given amount is to the injection in test hole 2
Test hole 2 works as constant water level groove.So, use bucket etc. to be injected in this test hole 2 by the water W1 of given amount.Then, temporarily separate a period of time, wait for the water W1 that injects with soak into a certain degree to ground 1, the minimizing degree of water W1 injected diminish, store in stable condition.
(4) to the water supply in the 1st barrel space S1 of apparatus for permeability test 10
During this period, carry out measuring water W2 to the water supply in the 1st barrel space S1 of above-mentioned apparatus for permeability test 10.This water supply proceeds to end haply.In this condition, water filling bolt is all inserted above-mentioned multiple water filling port 11a, 11c ~ 11f.
(5) apparatus for permeability test 10 is to the setting in test hole 2
If through the set time, the minimizing degree of the water in test hole 2 diminishes, and stores in stable condition, then such as shown in Figure 8, the apparatus for permeability test 10 being incorporated with said determination water W2 inserts in test hole 2, is arranged at above-mentioned rubble 3,3 ... on face.In this placed state, use above-mentioned level gauge 12 to adjust, thus reliably become the state of level.
Then, afterwards state is set under, as shown in the figure, the upper end of those each water filling port 11a, 11c ~ 11f is maintained the water yield level (constant water level) of the degree of flooding.
In addition, in this case, when the mensuration of above-mentioned impermeability ground, the minimizing degree of the water W1 in test hole 2 is extremely low, thus in order to promote that water level decreasing is laid water level decreasing and promoted pad 4,4 ..., but when usual ground, owing to having sufficient water permeability, the minimizing degree of the water in test hole 2 is also high, does not thus need water level decreasing to promote pad 4,4 ...
But, in usual ground, particularly when the ground that water permeability is low, can also use as required.
(6) quantity of being pulled out by water filling bolt is adjusted
Subsequently, corresponding with the size (poor) of the water permeability of this determination object ground 1 itself, the quantity (object) that the water filling bolt be located in the 1st, the 3rd ~ 6th water filling port 11a, 11c ~ 11f of the lower end side of above-mentioned 1st barrel space S1 should pull out by adjustment, makes the water level of the water W1 be reserving in above-mentioned test hole 2 become necessarily (constant water level).
Namely, when the water permeabilitys such as sand ground are large, because the minimizing of the water in test hole 2 is also fast, thus correspondingly the water filling bolt of whole water filling port 11a, 11c of the 1st, the 3rd ~ 6th ~ 11f is pulled out and increases water injection rate, on the other hand, when contrary water permeability is relatively less, the water filling bolt of the water filling bolt of the 1st water filling port 11a or the 3rd water filling port 11c or only the 3rd water filling port 11c is pulled out, fine adjusts water injection rate.
(7) this test
And, subsequently, when measuring water W2 and stopping to the outflow in above-mentioned test hole 2 from above-mentioned 1st barrel space S1, start determination test.
In determination test, carry out the reading of the process of about 3 times regular hours (unit interval) and variable quantity (reduction) the Δ W2 as the mensuration water level in the 1st barrel space S1 of airtight tank.Then, based on their average, judge the permeable degree of this ground 1.
Certainly, in this case, when 1 exception in the read value of above-mentioned 3 times, again test, repeatedly test, until the value of 3 times becomes roughly the same value.
Features and action in the formation of < present embodiment and effect >
According to formation as described above, storing mensuration water and becoming the airtight flume section of the cartridge body configuration of device body, be provided with the 1st, the 2nd many barrel spaces S1, S2 that volume is different widely, these each barrel space S1, S2 work as airtight tank separately.And, in their lower end side, be provided with the air worked respectively as the constant water level holding tube of Marriot siphon and water injection pipe and flow into and discharge water filling port 11a, 11c of water ~ 11f, 11b accordingly with the inflow of air.
Therefore, according to the difference of water permeability of ground becoming object, with such as when carrying out the mensuration of the high ground of water permeability for the large barrel space S1 of volume, internal diameter, section area and when carrying out the mensuration of the extremely low ground of water permeability for the mode of volume, internal diameter, barrel space S2 that section area is little, at random select and measure the barrel space of the volume of the best of volume, internal diameter, section area different multiple barrel space S1, S2, internal diameter, section area, thereby, it is possible to measure water permeability with suitable minute respectively.
In addition, in above formation, about above-mentioned multiple barrel space S1, S2, make the height h1 of respective above-below direction identical, make internal diameter or section area (or their both sides) difference of barrel, thus, make respective volume different.
According to such formation, even if when water permeability is certain, internal diameter or the section area of barrel space S1, S2 are less, more can increase the variable quantity of water level decreasing.Therefore, if when grounds such as the argillic horizons that water permeability is extremely low, select internal diameter or the little especially barrel space S2 of section area and mensuration water W2 is loaded and measures, then correspondingly can increase and accelerate the variable quantity of the water level corresponding with level scale 13, minute itself also can shorten significantly.
In addition, when becoming such formation, each barrel space S1, S2 make the height of above-below direction identical and form, and thus mutually jointly can use level scale 13 each between barrel space S1, S2, also there is no need to arrange multiple level scale.
And in the case of this embodiment, the 2nd water filling port 11b arranged accordingly with the 2nd barrel space S2 in above-mentioned 2nd cylindrical shell 14 is configured to, and as mentioned above, be formed as the small-bore water filling port that its bore is equivalent to 3 ~ 5mm, surface tension diminishes as far as possible.
Therefore, the size of the bubble produced in barrel space S2 due to the inflow of air diminishes, and its quantity also becomes many, and the time interval of generation is also very short and continuous.As a result, the decline of water level is also promoted.
In this case, further as shown in Figure 5, 2nd water filling port 11b is from the 2nd barrel space S2 side of outer peripheral face side opening portion the 2nd cylindrical shell 14 towards inner side of the 1st cylindrical shell 10a, there is set up-wards inclination angle θ and formed, if this up-wards inclination angle θ considers the capillary size that water has and be set as the value of the contact angle about 20 degree of water, then do not affect by capillary, by above-mentioned potential energy, the effect of kinetic energy and realize the inflow of air more smoothly, the outflow state of water, the consistent tiny bubble of particle diameter is produced admirably with short certain time interval efficiency.
Therefore, with as described above by water level decreasing promote pad 4,4 ... setting and promote that the water level decreasing in test hole 2 is combined with each other, efficiency follows this water level decreasing well and response will measure water W2 well injects.As a result, the water level in the 2nd barrel space S2 also response declines well, and minute shortens significantly.
These result is, according to this apparatus for permeability test, when the impermeability ground that the water permeability as argillic horizon is extremely low, also effectively can increase and accelerate the change of the water level amount in airtight tank portion, correctly can measure water permeability with minute shorter compared with existing far away.
As a result, in apparatus for permeability test in this embodiment, measure accordingly with high accuracy widely by the situation of impermeability ground that an experimental rig just can be extremely low from the situation that the water permeability of object ground is high.
Other embodiments of < >
When the present application, become multiple barrel space S1, S2 that the volume in the airtight tank of the cartridge body configuration of said apparatus body, internal diameter, section area are different, also can separate the inside as the 1st cylindrical shell 10a larger with the diameter of existing 1 same cylindrical shell by and the 2nd cylindrical shell 14 of the cross section semi-circular shape that internal diameter is less far away identical by height h1 and be formed as above-mentioned embodiment, but this also can be formed as 1 table apparatus by identical for such as height h1 and that internal diameter is different many cylindrical shells are engaged integration.
In addition, in the formation of above-mentioned embodiment, the 2nd cylindrical shell 14 of 1 above-mentioned cross section semi-circular shape is only set, but these cylindrical shells can also be made to be 2 ~ 3 many, formed respectively and make internal diameter or the different multiple barrel space S2 ~ S4 of section area.
Symbol description
1 is ground, and 2 is test holes, and 3 is rubbles, and 4 is that water level decreasing promotes pad, and 10 is apparatus for permeability test, and 10a is the 1st cylindrical shell, and 10b is bottom parts, and 10c is cover, and 11a ~ 11f is the 1st ~ 6th water filling port, and 12 is level gauges, and 13 is water yield scales.
Claims (2)
1. an apparatus for permeability test, be made up of with the opening that can seal of the lower end side being located at this airtight tank the airtight tank of the cartridge body configuration storing mensuration water, the described airtight tank of this formation is arranged in the ground side test hole of the water storing given amount, and, the opening of described lower end side is worked as the constant water level holding tube of Marriot siphon and water injection pipe, the water permeability of the ground becoming object is measured according to the minimizing of the water level amount in described airtight tank, it is characterized in that, described airtight tank is formed by multiple barrel spaces that volume is different, the opening worked as described constant water level holding tube and water injection pipe is provided with in the lower end side of those each barrel spaces, according to the water permeability of ground becoming object, select and measure any one of the different multiple barrel spaces of this volume, thus, water permeability can be measured with the suitable minute corresponding with the water permeability of the ground for measuring.
2. apparatus for permeability test according to claim 1, is characterized in that, about multiple barrel spaces that volume is different, makes the height of above-below direction identical, makes internal diameter or the section area difference of barrel, thus, makes volume different.
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| JP2013175866A JP5813066B2 (en) | 2013-08-27 | 2013-08-27 | Permeability test equipment |
| JP2013-175866 | 2013-08-27 |
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| CN109629547A (en) * | 2019-01-11 | 2019-04-16 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | A kind of great burying soil HYDRODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS parameter measurement system and method |
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| KR101610232B1 (en) | 2015-08-04 | 2016-04-07 | 주식회사 지오그린21 | Infiltrometer for infiltrating rate of rock and disposing method thereof |
| JP6953665B2 (en) * | 2017-06-19 | 2021-10-27 | 株式会社安藤・間 | Test water injection device and test water injection method |
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| JP2019199766A (en) * | 2018-05-17 | 2019-11-21 | ランデックス工業株式会社 | Ground permeability testing device |
| CN108918384B (en) * | 2018-07-18 | 2022-04-26 | 重庆大学 | Rainwater infiltration soil column seepage erosion experimental device and soil-water separation experimental method |
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| JP5813066B2 (en) | 2015-11-17 |
| JP2015045527A (en) | 2015-03-12 |
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