CN104404209B - Diamond-type solid quenching medium and preparation method and application - Google Patents
Diamond-type solid quenching medium and preparation method and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN104404209B CN104404209B CN201410766360.2A CN201410766360A CN104404209B CN 104404209 B CN104404209 B CN 104404209B CN 201410766360 A CN201410766360 A CN 201410766360A CN 104404209 B CN104404209 B CN 104404209B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/56—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering characterised by the quenching agents
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- Cooling Or The Like Of Semiconductors Or Solid State Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of diamond solid quenching medium, include by weight: granularity is diamond 20-60 part of 1 micron, granularity is copper powder 10-25 part of 1 micron, granularity is aluminium powder 10-25 part of 1 micron, granularity is argentum powder 5-20 part of 1 micron, and granularity is graphite particle 10-20 part of 1 micron.Preparation method, first, by the micro powder granule of diamond, copper, aluminum, silver and machining graphite to required granularity；Secondly, according to ratio requirement, copper and/or aluminum and/or silver are mixed by different proportion with diamond particles；Finally, graphite particle is pressed different proportion to mix homogeneously with the compound of previous step.Described diamond-type solid quenching medium is applied in the quenching cooling of metal parts.This cooling medium can meet the requirement of metal parts mechanical performance and deformation accuracy.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of diamond-type solid quenching medium and preparation method and application.
Background technology
The various parts overwhelming majority of composition mechanized equipment are required for just possessing the physics required by people, chemistry and mechanical property through quenching and tempering process.
Quenching process is that steel-iron components is heated to high temperature (> 850 DEG C) carry out austenitizing, then it is immediately placed in cooling medium (water, oil), wish, in very short time (0～several seconds), high temperature (850 DEG C～1050 DEG C) metal parts is cooled to about 300 DEG C, to avoid the austenite transformation to non-martensite；Below 300 DEG C, it is desirable to be cooled to room temperature with cooling rate more slowly, deformation that structural stress during to avoid from austenite to martensite transfor mation and thermal stress cause and cracking.Only meet such condition, the mechanical performance being just satisfied with most and the parts of minimal deformation.
Traditional liquid quenching medium generally has the water base or big class of mineral oils two, and this type of hardening media will occur states of matter to change with temperature reduction in cooling procedure, thus has obvious inflexion point on its cooling towers group.Water-based quenching medium is with simple tap water or the tap water containing additive；Mineral oils hardening media is usually simple mineral oil or the mineral oil containing various additives.
The cooling characteristics of water is: not enough in hot stage (steam blanket) cooling capacity, too high in cold stage cooling capacity, therefore, handled part had both easily produced soft spots, has again very big deformation, even ftractures.After adding various additive in water, this situation makes moderate progress, but effect is unsatisfactory.And in use, additive therein is susceptible to chemical reaction and changes character thus changing the characteristic of water-based hardening liquid, thus in use needs its aged deterioration situation of close tracking and monitoring, uses and manages relatively costly.
The shortcoming of water and water-based hardening liquid:
High temperature section cooling rate is slow, and low-temperature zone cooling rate is fast, causes part soft spots and strain cracking, and percent defective is significantly high.Various water-based hardening liquids easily produce to go bad, aging, poisonous, irritant, have pollution etc..It addition, the cooling characteristics of water and water-based hardening liquid is too sensitive to the change of water temperature, this is the key factor causing being deformed with the part of step, groove and hole class and ftractureing.
The cooling characteristics of oil is: compare cooling characteristics slowly although having at cold stage, but is also significantly less than the expected value of people in the cooling capacity of hot stage.Little at the parts quenching deformation ratio water of oil quenching, but there is lower hardness, the defect that quench-hardened case is shallower.After adding various additive in oil, this situation makes moderate progress, but effect is unsatisfactory.And in use, additive therein is susceptible to chemical reaction and changes character thus changing the characteristic of oil base quenching liquid, thus in use needs its aged deterioration situation of close tracking and monitoring, uses and manages relatively costly.
Problem on deformation produced by aforesaid liquid cooling medium can be tolerated reluctantly for the part that some precision are relatively low, and for modern substantial amounts of precision manufactureing, owing to the material property of traditional liquid cooling medium is determined, no matter add the particular attribute which kind of additive is also difficult to change its liquid substance when cooling, thus its quenching cooling characteristics and stress deformation effect are difficult to reach gratifying effect, although its deficiency is made moderate progress by various additives, but simultaneously with side effect.
Chinese patent application CN201310206266 discloses a kind of hydrophilic diamond suspension grinding and polishing liquid and preparation method thereof.A kind of hydrophilic diamond suspension grinding and polishing liquid, described hydrophilic diamond suspension grinding and polishing liquid includes: diamond dust 0.05%-15% (weight ratio), suspending agent 0.005%-15% (weight ratio), surfactant 0.005%-12% (weight ratio), friction improver 0.05%-60% (weight ratio), acidity-basicity regulator 0.0005%-5% (weight ratio) surplus is disperse medium.Hydrophilic diamond suspension grinding and polishing liquid stable for extended periods of time uniform state provided by the present invention, any precipitation, chromatography and failure phenomenon will not be produced；Suspension media, except playing the effect of suspending carrier, also has cooling, lubrication and anti-dandruff effect in the process of grinding and polishing.
Diamond except there is the title that in natural world, hardness is the highest, it or a kind of outstanding semiconductor electronic information and optical information functional material.But, diamond is fabricated to semiconductor electronic information and optical information functional device must use the diamond of large volume, and artificially synthesizing diamond can only synthesize 0.4 millimeter of particles below and diadust thereof technically at present, therefore, as industrial applications, use (lowermost level that this usage of diamond is diamond uses) only with this characteristic of maximum hardness of diamond as grinding materials and grinding tool both at home and abroad at present.In recent decades, diamond polishing (liquid, cream, agent) abrasive material commonly uses in a large number in countries in the world, can be found everywhere, is seen everywhere.Diamond yield the first in the world of China！In China, almost the diamond of 100% is all used for doing (such as diamant, the cutter heads of cutting stone material saw blade such as polishing fluid, antiscuffing paste, polishing agent and some cutting blade.) diamond saw blade or skive or diamond polishing wheel are when being used for cutting or polishing stone material, 100% is required for carrying out incessantly with water cooling down and lubricating.In use, its contained liquid inherently has cooling and lubrication for various diamond polishing liquids, antiscuffing paste, polishing agent, and this is a common sense not needing Professional knowledge.Diamond described in CN201310206266 utilizes the maximum hardness of diamond to play abrasive material effect, and " cooling " described in literary composition is the liquid cooling to diamond, and diamond here is cooled material.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to as overcoming above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of diamond-type solid quenching medium and preparation method and application are provided, adopt this diamond-type solid quenching medium can meet metal parts, the especially requirement of high precision metallic element mechanical performance and deformation accuracy.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical proposals:
A kind of diamond-type solid quenching medium, includes: granularity is 90 parts of the diamond of 0.01 micron by weight, and granularity is the graphite particle 10 parts of 1 micron.
Preferably, including by weight: granularity is 80 parts of the diamond of 1 micron, granularity is the copper powder 10 parts of 1 micron, and granularity is the graphite particle 10 parts of 1 micron.
Preferably, including by weight: granularity is diamond 20-60 part of 1 micron, granularity is copper powder 10-25 part of 1 micron, and granularity is aluminium powder 10-25 part of 1 micron, and granularity is argentum powder 5-20 part of 1 micron, and granularity is graphite particle 10-20 part of 1 micron.
Preferably, including by weight: granularity is 90 parts of the diamond of 10 microns, granularity is the copper powder 10 parts of 1 micron.
Preferably, including by weight: granularity is 90 parts of the diamond of 10 microns, granularity is the aluminium powder 10 parts of 1 micron.
Preferably, including by weight: granularity is 90 parts of the diamond of 1 micron, granularity is 10 parts of the argentum powder of 1 micron.
Preferably, including by weight: granularity is 90 parts of the diamond of 100 microns, granularity is the copper powder 10 parts of 100 microns.
Preferably, including by weight: granularity is 90 parts of the diamond of 500 microns, granularity is the graphite particle 10 parts of 500 microns.
Further, the preparation method of any of the above-described technical scheme,
First, by the micro powder granule of diamond, copper, aluminum, silver and machining graphite to required granularity；
Secondly, according to ratio requirement, copper and/or aluminum and/or silver are mixed by different proportion with diamond particles；
Finally, graphite particle is pressed different proportion to mix homogeneously with the compound of previous step.
Further, the diamond-type solid quenching medium any of the above-described technical scheme prepared is applied in the quenching cooling of metal parts.
In the material that it has been found that at present and utilize, diamond has the maximum capacity of heat transmission.
The heat conductivity of various materials
| Material | Heat conductivity w/mk |
| Diamond | 3320--4200 |
| Silver | 429 |
| Copper | 401 |
| Aluminum | 237 |
| Gold | 317 |
| Water | 0.54 |
| Transformer oil | 0.128 |
| Diesel oil | 0.12 |
By numerical value in above table it can be seen that the capacity of heat transmission of diamond is 9 times of silver, 9 times of copper, 16 times of aluminum, 12 times of gold, more than 6500 times of water, more than 27000 times of oil.
It is known that the cooling procedure of cooled material is actually the heat exchanging process of cooling medium and cooled material, namely the heat of cooled material gives cooling medium by heat exchange mechanism transmission.By physics it can be seen that the heat conductivity of cooling medium is more big, namely heat conductivity is more good, then cold more fast of cooled material, and namely the cooling capacity of cooling medium is more good.In all substances that nature has been observed that at present and is utilized, diamond has the strongest capacity of heat transmission, and namely diamond has maximum heat conductivity.
Owing to diamond is solid-state fine grained state, when using as quenching medium, its cooling mechanism is thermal conduction mechanism, and at hot stage, owing to the temperature difference between part to be cooled and diamond is very big, therefore, high temperature cooling rate is very big；At cold stage, owing to the temperature difference between part to be cooled and diamond is only small, therefore, low temperature cooling rate is only small.This feature height meets metal parts optimal cooling characteristics requirement when quenching cooling.Owing to having characteristics that, diamond can meet all metal parts for cooling of quenching, the especially requirement of high precision metallic element mechanical performance and deformation accuracy.
In order to meet cooling performance requirement to different materials, difformity parts, during preparation, adopt the materials such as adding the metallic aluminium of different proportion, copper, silver and graphite particle can sensitive adjustment cooling towers group.
Diamond solid cooling medium is except above-mentioned major advantage, it also has various advantages in use and management aspect, such as: production process is almost without consumption, processed workpiece non-oxidation decarburization, surface of the work cleaning bright, not aging, pollution-free, work situation is quite superior, be truly realized no consumption, without discharge production process.
The present invention utilizes the hardness property of diamond, but utilizes diamond to have maximum thermal conduction characteristic, and using diamond as cooling medium (not being cooled material), machine components are only cooled material.Diamond of the present invention and the diamond described in CN201310206266 no matter from physical concept, act on main body, be applied object and principle, purposes, purpose, result are entirely without common factor, be completely self-contained two problems.Therefore, the present invention is not possessed any enlightenment effect by CN201310206266.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is this diamond cooling characteristics figure；
Fig. 2 is 35 millimeter of 45 steel of Ф, 500 times of heart portion metallographic structure photo after diamond solid cooling medium quenches；
Fig. 3 is 40 millimeter of 45 steel of Ф, 500 times of heart portion metallographic structure photo after diamond solid cooling medium quenches；
Fig. 4 is 500 times of the heart portion metallographic structure photo after 35 millimeter of 45 steel of Ф cools down in traditional liquid hardening media.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further described.
The formula such as following table (each composition is that granularity unit is micron by weight configuration) of different embodiments:
| Embodiment | Bortz powder | Copper powder | Aluminium powder | Argentum powder | Graphite particle |
| 1 | 100 parts, 0.01 micron | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| 2 | 90 parts, 0.01 micron | 10 parts, 1 micron | |||
| 3 | 80 parts, 1 micron | 10 parts, 1 micron | 0 | 0 | 10 parts, 1 micron |
| 4 | 60 parts, 1 micron | 10 parts, 1 micron | 10 parts, 1 micron | 10 parts, 1 micron | 10 parts, 1 micron |
| 5 | 90 parts, 10 microns | 10 parts, 1 micron | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 6 | 90 parts, 10 microns | 0 | 10 parts, 1 micron | 0 | 0 |
| 7 | 90 parts, 1 micron | 0 | 0 | 10 parts, 1 micron | 0 |
| 8 | 20 parts, 1 micron | 20 parts, 1 micron | 20 parts, 1 micron | 20 parts, 1 micron | 10 parts, 1 micron |
| 9 | 30 parts, 1 micron | 25 parts, 1 micron | 25 parts, 1 micron | 5 parts, 1 micron | 15 parts, 1 micron |
| 10 | 40 parts, 1 micron | 15 parts, 1 micron | 15 parts, 1 micron | 5 parts, 1 micron | 20 parts, 1 micron |
| 11 | 100 parts, 100 microns | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 12 | 100 parts, 500 microns | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 13 | 90 parts, 100 microns | 10 parts, 100 microns | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 14 | 90 parts, 500 microns | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 parts, 500 microns |
The manufacture method of each embodiment is:
First, by the micro powder granule of diamond, copper, aluminum, silver and machining graphite to required granularity；
Secondly, according to ratio requirement, copper and/or aluminum and/or silver are mixed by different proportion with diamond particles；
Finally, graphite particle is pressed different proportion to mix homogeneously with the compound of previous step.
The diamond-type solid quenching medium any of the above-described proportioning prepared is applied in the quenching cooling of metal parts.
The capacity of heat transmission of diamond is 9 times of silver, 9 times of copper, 16 times of aluminum, 12 times of gold, more than 6500 times of water, more than 27000 times of oil.
It is known that the cooling procedure of cooled material is actually the heat exchanging process of cooling medium and cooled material, namely the heat of cooled material gives cooling medium by heat exchange mechanism transmission.By physics it can be seen that the heat conductivity of cooling medium is more big, namely heat conductivity is more good, then cold more fast of cooled material, and namely the cooling capacity of cooling medium is more good.Nature at present it have been found that in all substances diamond there is the strongest capacity of heat transmission, namely diamond has bigger heat conductivity, as shown in Figure 1.
Owing to diamond is solid-state fine grained state, when using as quenching medium, its cooling mechanism is thermal conduction mechanism, and at hot stage, owing to the temperature difference between cooled material and diamond is very big, therefore, high temperature cooling rate is very big；At cold stage, owing to the temperature difference between cooled material and diamond is only small, therefore, low temperature cooling rate is only small.
This feature height meets metal parts optimal cooling characteristics requirement when quenching cooling.Owing to having characteristics that, diamond can meet all metal parts for cooling of quenching, the especially requirement of high precision metallic element mechanical performance and deformation accuracy.
In order to meet cooling performance requirement to different materials, difformity parts, during preparation, adopt the materials such as adding the metallic aluminium of different proportion, copper, silver can sensitive adjustment cooling towers group.
Diamond solid quenching medium is except above-mentioned major advantage, diamond solid quenching medium also has various advantages in use and management aspect, such as: production process is almost without consumption, processed workpiece non-oxidation decarburization, surface of the work cleaning bright, not aging, pollution-free, work situation is quite superior, be truly realized no consumption, without discharge production process.
Fig. 2 is 35 millimeter of 45 steel of Ф, 500 times of heart portion metallographic structure photo after diamond solid cooling medium quenches.Its heart portion visible is entirely martensitic structure, does not occur non-martensite to change in cooling procedure.
Fig. 3 is 40 millimeter of 45 steel of Ф, 500 times of heart portion metallographic structure photo after diamond solid cooling medium quenches.Its heart portion visible is entirely martensitic structure, does not occur non-martensite to change in cooling procedure.
Fig. 4 is 500 times of the heart portion metallographic structure photo after 35 millimeter of 45 steel of Ф cools down in traditional liquid hardening media.Its heart portion visible occurs proeutectoid ferrite soma in a large number, illustrates occur that in cooling procedure a large amount of non-martensite changes.
Being contrasted by Fig. 2 and Fig. 4, two test specimen sizes used are identical, it is seen that amount of ferrite occurs in its heart portion of sample processed with traditional liquid hardening media, and this is not allowed in actual production.
Being contrasted by Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, be equally all 45 steel, Fig. 3 is that after 40 millimeters of samples of Ф process in diamond solid hardening media, its heart portion does not occur non-martensite to change；And Fig. 4 sample is when being Ф 35 millimeters, after processing in traditional liquid hardening media, its heart portion has occurred that substantial amounts of non-martensite changes, and this is not allowed in actual production.
Visible through above-mentioned contrast, the cooling capacity of diamond solid quenching medium is significantly greater than traditional liquid quenching medium.
Although above-mentioned, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described; but not limiting the scope of the invention; one of ordinary skill in the art should be understood that; on the basis of technical scheme, those skilled in the art need not pay various amendments or deformation that creative work can make still within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. diamond-type solid quenching medium, is characterized in that, forms by following weight portion material: granularity is 90 parts of the diamond of 0.01 micron, and granularity is the graphite particle 10 parts of 1 micron.
2. diamond-type solid quenching medium, is characterized in that, forms by following weight portion material: granularity is 80 parts of the diamond of 1 micron, and granularity is the copper powder 10 parts of 1 micron, and granularity is the graphite particle 10 parts of 1 micron.
3. diamond-type solid quenching medium, it is characterized in that, form by following weight portion material: granularity is diamond 20-60 part of 1 micron, granularity is copper powder 10-25 part of 1 micron, granularity is aluminium powder 10-25 part of 1 micron, granularity is argentum powder 5-20 part of 1 micron, and granularity is graphite particle 10-20 part of 1 micron.
4. diamond-type solid quenching medium, is characterized in that, forms by following weight portion material: granularity is 90 parts of the diamond of 10 microns, and granularity is the copper powder 10 parts of 1 micron.
5. diamond-type solid quenching medium, is characterized in that, forms by following weight portion material: granularity is 90 parts of the diamond of 10 microns, and granularity is the aluminium powder 10 parts of 1 micron.
6. diamond-type solid quenching medium, is characterized in that, forms by following weight portion material: granularity is 90 parts of the diamond of 1 micron, and granularity is 10 parts of the argentum powder of 1 micron.
7. diamond-type solid quenching medium, is characterized in that, forms by following weight portion material: granularity is 90 parts of the diamond of 100 microns, and granularity is the copper powder 10 parts of 100 microns.
8. diamond-type solid quenching medium, is characterized in that, forms by following weight portion material: granularity is 90 parts of the diamond of 500 microns, and granularity is the graphite particle 10 parts of 500 microns.
9., such as the preparation method of claim 3 diamond-type solid quenching medium, it is characterized in that,
First, by the micro powder granule of diamond, copper, aluminum, silver and machining graphite to required granularity；
Secondly, according to ratio requirement, copper and aluminum are mixed by different proportion with diamond particles with silver；
Finally, graphite particle is pressed different proportion to mix homogeneously with the compound of previous step.
10. the application of diamond-type solid quenching medium as arbitrary in claim 1-8, is characterized in that, is applied to by described diamond-type solid quenching medium in the quenching cooling of metal parts.
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| FR2447968A1 (en) * | 1979-01-30 | 1980-08-29 | Celes Sa | Surface hardening of high carbon steels - which are induction heated and then quenched in fluidised bed or stream of particles, which may be heated for isothermal quenching |
| CA2343305A1 (en) * | 1998-09-18 | 2000-03-30 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Method and apparatus for heat treating steel |
| CN1944698A (en) * | 2006-10-24 | 2007-04-11 | 北京科技大学 | Super high heat conduction, low heat expansion coefficient composite material and its preparing method |
| CN101265516A (en) * | 2008-04-23 | 2008-09-17 | 浙江佰耐钢带有限公司 | Steel band quenching technique and cooling medium used for the same |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20020023733A1 (en) * | 1999-12-13 | 2002-02-28 | Hall David R. | High-pressure high-temperature polycrystalline diamond heat spreader |
| US7173334B2 (en) * | 2002-10-11 | 2007-02-06 | Chien-Min Sung | Diamond composite heat spreader and associated methods |
-
2014
- 2014-12-11 CN CN201410766360.2A patent/CN104404209B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2447968A1 (en) * | 1979-01-30 | 1980-08-29 | Celes Sa | Surface hardening of high carbon steels - which are induction heated and then quenched in fluidised bed or stream of particles, which may be heated for isothermal quenching |
| CA2343305A1 (en) * | 1998-09-18 | 2000-03-30 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Method and apparatus for heat treating steel |
| CN1944698A (en) * | 2006-10-24 | 2007-04-11 | 北京科技大学 | Super high heat conduction, low heat expansion coefficient composite material and its preparing method |
| CN101265516A (en) * | 2008-04-23 | 2008-09-17 | 浙江佰耐钢带有限公司 | Steel band quenching technique and cooling medium used for the same |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| 氧化锆/石墨复合型芯的制备及固态金属颗粒冷却能力的研究;赵伟;《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库 工程科技Ⅰ辑》;20080515(第5期);第34页 * |
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