CN104404209A - Diamond type solid quenching medium and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Diamond type solid quenching medium and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN104404209A CN104404209A CN201410766360.2A CN201410766360A CN104404209A CN 104404209 A CN104404209 A CN 104404209A CN 201410766360 A CN201410766360 A CN 201410766360A CN 104404209 A CN104404209 A CN 104404209A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/56—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering characterised by the quenching agents
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- Cooling Or The Like Of Semiconductors Or Solid State Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a diamond type solid quenching medium. The diamond type solid quenching medium comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-60 parts of diamond with the grain size of 1 micrometer, 10-25 parts of copper powder with the grain size of 1 micrometer, 10-25 parts of aluminum powder with the grain size of 1 micrometer, 5-20 parts of silver powder with the grain size of 1 micrometer and 10-20 parts of graphite grains with the grain sizes of 1 micrometer. A preparation method of the diamond type solid quenching medium comprises the following steps: according to proportioning requirements, mixing copper and/or aluminum and/or silver with diamond grains according to different proportions to obtain a mixture, and finally uniformly mixing graphite grains with the mixture according to different proportions. The diamond type solid quenching medium is applied to quenching of metal components, and can meet the requirements of metal components on mechanical performances and deformation precision.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of diamond-type solid quenching medium and preparation method and application.
Background technology
The various component overwhelming majority of composition mechanized equipment needs just can possess physics, chemistry and mechanical property required by people through quenching and tempering process.
Quenching process steel-iron components is heated to high temperature (>850 DEG C) to carry out austenitizing, then heat-eliminating medium (water, oil) is placed in rapidly, wish, in very short time (0 ~ several seconds), high temperature (850 DEG C ~ 1050 DEG C) metal parts is cooled to about 300 DEG C, to avoid austenite to the transformation of non-martensite; Below 300 DEG C, it is desirable to be chilled to room temperature with cooling rate more slowly, the distortion caused to structural stress during martensitic transformation and thermal stresses to avoid austenite and cracking.Only has satisfied such condition, the mechanical property that just can be satisfied with most and the component of minimal deformation.
Traditional liquid quenching medium generally has the water base or large class of mineral oils two, and this type of quenchant reduces with temperature in process of cooling, and states of matter change all will occur, and thus on its cooling towers group, has obvious inflexion point.Water-based quenching medium is with simple tap water or the tap water containing additive; Mineral oils quenchant is generally simple mineral oil or the mineral oil containing various additive.
The cooling characteristic of water is: not enough in hot stage (steam film) cooling power, too high in cold stage cooling power, therefore, handled part both easily produced soft spots, had again very large distortion, even ftractureed.Add various additive in water after, this situation makes moderate progress, but effect is unsatisfactory.And in use, easily there is chemical reaction and change character thus change the characteristic of water-based hardening liquid in additive wherein, thus in use needs its aged deterioration situation of close tracking monitor, use and handling cost higher.
The shortcoming of water and water-based hardening liquid:
High temperature section cooling rate is slow, and low-temperature zone cooling rate is fast, and cause part soft spots and strain cracking, scrap rate is very high.Various water-based hardening liquid easily produce rotten, aging, poisonous, irritant, have pollution etc.In addition, the cooling characteristic of water and water-based hardening liquid is too responsive to the change of water temperature, and this is the important factor causing the part with step, groove and hole class to produce distortion and cracking.
The cooling characteristic of oil is: although have cooling characteristic more slowly at cold stage, be also significantly less than the expected value of people in the cooling power of hot stage.Little at the parts quenching deformation ratio water of oil quenching, but there is lower hardness, the defect that quench-hardened case is more shallow.Add various additive in oil after, this situation makes moderate progress, but effect is unsatisfactory.And in use, easily there is chemical reaction and change character thus the characteristic changing oil base hardening liquid in additive wherein, thus in use needs its aged deterioration situation of close tracking monitor, use and handling cost higher.
The problem on deformation that aforesaid liquid heat-eliminating medium produces can be tolerated reluctantly for the part that some precision are lower, and for modern times a large amount of precision manufactureing, because the material property of traditional liquid heat-eliminating medium determined, which kind of no matter add additive to be also difficult to change the particular attribute of its liquid substance when cooling, thus its quench cooled characteristic and stress deformation effect are difficult to reach gratifying effect, although various additive makes moderate progress to its deficiency, simultaneously with side effect.
Chinese patent application CN201310206266 discloses a kind of hydrophilic diamond suspension grinding and polishing liquid and preparation method thereof.A kind of hydrophilic diamond suspension grinding and polishing liquid, described hydrophilic diamond suspension grinding and polishing liquid comprises: diamond powder 0.05%-15% (weight ratio), suspending agent 0.005%-15% (weight ratio), tensio-active agent 0.005%-12% (weight ratio), friction improver 0.05%-60% (weight ratio), acidity-basicity regulator 0.0005%-5% (weight ratio) surplus is dispersion medium.Hydrophilic diamond suspension grinding and polishing liquid stable for extended periods of time uniform state provided by the present invention, any precipitation, chromatography and failure phenomenon can not be produced; Suspension medium, except playing except the effect of suspending carrier, also has cooling, lubrication and anti-dandruff effect in the process of grinding and polishing.
Diamond except there is title that in the material world, hardness is the highest, it or a kind of outstanding semiconductor electronic information and optical information functional materials.But, diamond to be made into the diamond that semiconductor electronic information and optical information functional device must use large volume, and artificially synthesizing diamond can only synthesize particle and the diadust thereof of less than 0.4 millimeter technically at present, therefore, as industrial applications, this characteristic of adamantine maximum hardness can only be utilized at present both at home and abroad to use (this usage adamantine is that adamantine lowermost level uses) as grinding materials and grinding tool.In recent decades, diamond polishing (liquid, cream, agent) abrasive material generally uses in a large number in countries in the world, can be found everywhere, is seen everywhere.Diamond output the first in the world of China! In China, almost the diamond of 100% is all used for doing (such as glass cutter, the cutter heads of cutting stone material saw blade such as polishing fluid, rubbing paste, rumbling compound and some cutting blade.) diamond saw blade or diamond wheel or diamond polishing wheel be used for cutting or polishing stone material time, 100% all needs to carry out Cooling and Lubricator incessantly with water.In use, the liquid contained by it inherently has Cooling and Lubricator effect for various diamond polishing liquid, rubbing paste, rumbling compound, and this is a common sense not needing expertise.Diamond described in CN201310206266 utilizes adamantine maximum hardness to play abrasive material effect, " cooling " described in literary composition be liquid to adamantine cooling, diamond is here cooled material.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is for overcoming above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of diamond-type solid quenching medium and preparation method and application are provided, adopt this diamond-type solid quenching medium can meet metal parts, the especially requirement of high degree of accuracy metallic element mechanical property and deformation accuracy.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical proposals:
A kind of diamond-type solid quenching medium, comprise by weight: granularity is 90 parts, the diamond of 0.01 micron, granularity is the graphite particle 10 parts of 1 micron.
Preferably, comprise by weight: granularity is 80 parts, the diamond of 1 micron, granularity is the copper powder 10 parts of 1 micron, and granularity is the graphite particle 10 parts of 1 micron.
Preferably, comprise by weight: granularity is diamond 20-60 part of 1 micron, granularity is copper powder 10-25 part of 1 micron, and granularity is aluminium powder 10-25 part of 1 micron, and granularity is silver powder 5-20 part of 1 micron, and granularity is graphite particle 10-20 part of 1 micron.
Preferably, comprise by weight: granularity is 90 parts, the diamond of 10 microns, granularity is the copper powder 10 parts of 1 micron.
Preferably, comprise by weight: granularity is 90 parts, the diamond of 10 microns, granularity is the aluminium powder 10 parts of 1 micron.
Preferably, comprise by weight: granularity is 90 parts, the diamond of 1 micron, granularity is 10 parts, the silver powder of 1 micron.
Preferably, comprise by weight: granularity is 90 parts, the diamond of 100 microns, granularity is the copper powder 10 parts of 100 microns.
Preferably, comprise by weight: granularity is 90 parts, the diamond of 500 microns, granularity is the graphite particle 10 parts of 500 microns.
Further, the preparation method of above-mentioned arbitrary technical scheme,
First, by diamond, copper, aluminium, silver and machining graphite to the micro powder granule of required granularity;
Secondly, according to ratio requirement, copper and/or aluminium and/or silver are mixed by different ratios with diamond particles;
Finally, graphite particle is mixed with the compound of previous step by different ratios.
Further, diamond-type solid quenching medium prepared by above-mentioned arbitrary technical scheme is applied in the quench cooled of metal parts.
To it has been found that at present and in the material utilized, diamond has the maximum capacity of heat transmission.
The thermal conductivity of various material
| Material | Thermal conductivity w/mk |
| Diamond | 3320--4200 |
| Silver | 429 |
| Copper | 401 |
| Aluminium | 237 |
| Gold | 317 |
| Water | 0.54 |
| Transformer oil | 0.128 |
| Diesel oil | 0.12 |
As can be seen from numerical value in showing above, the adamantine capacity of heat transmission is 9 times of silver, 9 times of copper, 16 times of aluminium, 12 times of gold, more than 6500 times of water, more than 27000 times of oil.
As everyone knows, the process of cooling of cooled material is actually the heat exchanging process of heat-eliminating medium and cooled material, and namely the heat of cooled material gives heat-eliminating medium by heat exchange mechanism transmission.From physics, the thermal conductivity of heat-eliminating medium is larger, and namely thermal conductivity is better, then cold faster of cooled material, and namely the cooling power of heat-eliminating medium is better.To be found at present and in all substances be utilized, diamond has the strongest capacity of heat transmission at nature, namely diamond has maximum thermal conductivity.
Because diamond is solid-state fine particle state, when using as quenching medium, its cooling mechanism is thermal conduction mechanism, and at hot stage, because the temperature difference between part to be cooled and diamond is very large, therefore, high temperature cooling rate is very large; At cold stage, because the temperature difference between part to be cooled and diamond is very little, therefore, low temperature cooling rate is very little.This feature height meets metal parts optimal cooling characteristic requirement when quench cooled.Owing to having such characteristic, diamond is used for quench cooled and can meets all metal partss, the especially requirement of high degree of accuracy metallic element mechanical property and deformation accuracy.
In order to meet cooling performance requirement to differing materials, different shapes component, during preparation, adopt the materials such as metallic aluminium, copper, silver and the graphite particle adding different ratios can sensitive adjustment cooling towers group.
Diamond solid cooling medium is except above-mentioned major advantage, it also has various advantages in use and management aspect, such as: production process does not almost consume, the decarburization of processed workpiece non-oxidation, workpiece surface clean bright, not aging, pollution-free, work situation is quite superior, really achieves no consumption, without discharging production process.
The present invention utilizes adamantine hardness property, but utilizes diamond to have maximum thermal conduction characteristic, and using diamond as heat-eliminating medium (not being cooled material), mechanical component are only cooled material.Diamond of the present invention and the diamond described in CN201310206266 no matter from physical conception, act on main body, be applied object and principle, purposes, object, result do not occur simultaneously completely, is completely independently two problems.Therefore, CN201310206266 does not possess any enlightenment effect to the present invention.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is this diamond cooling characteristic figure;
Fig. 2 is the heart portion 500 times metallographic structure photo of Ф 35 millimeter of 45 steel after the quenching of diamond solid cooling medium;
Fig. 3 is the heart portion 500 times metallographic structure photo of Ф 40 millimeter of 45 steel after the quenching of diamond solid cooling medium;
Fig. 4 is Ф 35 millimeter of 45 steel 500 times, cooled heart portion metallographic structure photo in traditional liquid quenchant.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further described.
The formula of different embodiment is as following table (each composition is that granularity unit is micron by weight configuration):
| Embodiment | Bortz powder | Copper powder | Aluminium powder | Silver powder | Graphite particle |
| 1 | 100 parts, 0.01 micron | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| 2 | 90 parts, 0.01 micron | 10 parts, 1 micron | |||
| 3 | 80 parts, 1 micron | 10 parts, 1 micron | 0 | 0 | 10 parts, 1 micron |
| 4 | 60 parts, 1 micron | 10 parts, 1 micron | 10 parts, 1 micron | 10 parts, 1 micron | 10 parts, 1 micron |
| 5 | 90 parts, 10 microns | 10 parts, 1 micron | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 6 | 90 parts, 10 microns | 0 | 10 parts, 1 micron | 0 | 0 |
| 7 | 90 parts, 1 micron | 0 | 0 | 10 parts, 1 micron | 0 |
| 8 | 20 parts, 1 micron | 20 parts, 1 micron | 20 parts, 1 micron | 20 parts, 1 micron | 10 parts, 1 micron |
| 9 | 30 parts, 1 micron | 25 parts, 1 micron | 25 parts, 1 micron | 5 parts, 1 micron | 15 parts, 1 micron |
| 10 | 40 parts, 1 micron | 15 parts, 1 micron | 15 parts, 1 micron | 5 parts, 1 micron | 20 parts, 1 micron |
| 11 | 100 parts, 100 microns | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 12 | 100 parts, 500 microns | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 13 | 90 parts, 100 microns | 10 parts, 100 microns | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 14 | 90 parts, 500 microns | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 parts, 500 microns |
The making method of each embodiment is:
First, by diamond, copper, aluminium, silver and machining graphite to the micro powder granule of required granularity;
Secondly, according to ratio requirement, copper and/or aluminium and/or silver are mixed by different ratios with diamond particles;
Finally, graphite particle is mixed with the compound of previous step by different ratios.
The diamond-type solid quenching medium above-mentioned arbitrary proportioning prepared is applied in the quench cooled of metal parts.
The adamantine capacity of heat transmission is 9 times of silver, 9 times of copper, 16 times of aluminium, 12 times of gold, more than 6500 times of water, more than 27000 times of oil.
As everyone knows, the process of cooling of cooled material is actually the heat exchanging process of heat-eliminating medium and cooled material, and namely the heat of cooled material gives heat-eliminating medium by heat exchange mechanism transmission.From physics, the thermal conductivity of heat-eliminating medium is larger, and namely thermal conductivity is better, then cold faster of cooled material, and namely the cooling power of heat-eliminating medium is better.In all substances that nature has been found at present, diamond has the strongest capacity of heat transmission, and namely diamond has larger thermal conductivity, as shown in Figure 1.
Because diamond is solid-state fine particle state, when using as quenching medium, its cooling mechanism is thermal conduction mechanism, and at hot stage, because the temperature difference between cooled material and diamond is very large, therefore, high temperature cooling rate is very large; At cold stage, because the temperature difference between cooled material and diamond is very little, therefore, low temperature cooling rate is very little.
This feature height meets metal parts optimal cooling characteristic requirement when quench cooled.Owing to having such characteristic, diamond is used for quench cooled and can meets all metal partss, the especially requirement of high degree of accuracy metallic element mechanical property and deformation accuracy.
In order to meet cooling performance requirement to differing materials, different shapes component, during preparation, adopt the material such as metallic aluminium, copper, silver adding different ratios can sensitive adjustment cooling towers group.
Diamond solid quenching medium is except above-mentioned major advantage, diamond solid quenching medium also has various advantages in use and management aspect, such as: production process does not almost consume, the decarburization of processed workpiece non-oxidation, workpiece surface clean bright, not aging, pollution-free, work situation is quite superior, really achieves no consumption, without discharging production process.
Fig. 2 is the heart portion 500 times metallographic structure photo of Ф 35 millimeter of 45 steel after the quenching of diamond solid cooling medium.Its heart portion visible is martensitic stucture completely, non-martensite does not occur in process of cooling and changes.
Fig. 3 is the heart portion 500 times metallographic structure photo of Ф 40 millimeter of 45 steel after the quenching of diamond solid cooling medium.Its heart portion visible is martensitic stucture completely, non-martensite does not occur in process of cooling and changes.
Fig. 4 is Ф 35 millimeter of 45 steel 500 times, cooled heart portion metallographic structure photo in traditional liquid quenchant.There is proeutectoid ferrite body tissue in its heart portion visible, illustrates to occur that a large amount of non-martensite changes in a large number in process of cooling.
Contrasted by Fig. 2 and Fig. 4, two test specimen sizes used are identical, and occur amount of ferrite with its heart portion of sample of traditional liquid quenchant process as seen, this is not allowed in actual production.
Contrasted by Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, be equally all 45 steel, Fig. 3 is after Ф 40 millimeters of samples process in diamond solid quenchant, and its heart portion non-martensite does not occur and changes; And Fig. 4 sample is when being Ф 35 millimeters, in traditional liquid quenchant after process, its heart portion there occurs a large amount of non-martensites and has changed, and this is not allowed in actual production.
Visible through above-mentioned contrast, the cooling power of diamond solid quenching medium is obviously greater than traditional liquid quenching medium.
Although above-mentioned, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described; but not limiting the scope of the invention; one of ordinary skill in the art should be understood that; on the basis of technical scheme of the present invention, those skilled in the art do not need to pay various amendment or distortion that creative work can make still within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. diamond-type solid quenching medium, is characterized in that, comprises by weight: granularity is 90 parts, the diamond of 0.01 micron, and granularity is the graphite particle 10 parts of 1 micron.
2. diamond-type solid quenching medium as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, comprise by weight: granularity is 80 parts, the diamond of 0.01 micron, granularity is the copper powder 10 parts of 1 micron, and granularity is the graphite particle 10 parts of 1 micron.
3. diamond-type solid quenching medium as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, comprise by weight: granularity is diamond 20-60 part of 1 micron, granularity is copper powder 10-25 part of 1 micron, granularity is aluminium powder 10-25 part of 1 micron, granularity is silver powder 5-20 part of 1 micron, and granularity is graphite particle 10-20 part of 1 micron.
4. diamond-type solid quenching medium as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, comprise by weight: granularity is 90 parts, the diamond of 10 microns, granularity is the copper powder 10 parts of 1 micron.
5. diamond-type solid quenching medium as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, comprise by weight: granularity is 90 parts, the diamond of 10 microns, granularity is the aluminium powder 10 parts of 1 micron.
6. diamond-type solid quenching medium as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, comprise by weight: granularity is 90 parts, the diamond of 1 micron, granularity is 10 parts, the silver powder of 1 micron.
7. diamond-type solid quenching medium as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, comprise by weight: granularity is 90 parts, the diamond of 100 microns, granularity is the copper powder 10 parts of 100 microns.
8. diamond-type solid quenching medium as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, comprise by weight: granularity is 90 parts, the diamond of 500 microns, granularity is the graphite particle 10 parts of 500 microns.
9. the preparation method of diamond-type solid quenching medium as arbitrary in claim 1-8, is characterized in that,
First, by diamond, copper, aluminium, silver and machining graphite to the micro powder granule of required granularity;
Secondly, according to ratio requirement, copper and/or aluminium and/or silver are mixed by different ratios with diamond particles;
Finally, graphite particle is mixed with the compound of previous step by different ratios.
10. the application of diamond-type solid quenching medium as arbitrary in claim 1-8, is characterized in that, is applied in the quench cooled of metal parts by described diamond-type solid quenching medium.
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| CN201410766360.2A CN104404209B (en) | 2014-12-11 | 2014-12-11 | Diamond-type solid quenching medium and preparation method and application |
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2014
- 2014-12-11 CN CN201410766360.2A patent/CN104404209B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (6)
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| FR2447968A1 (en) * | 1979-01-30 | 1980-08-29 | Celes Sa | Surface hardening of high carbon steels - which are induction heated and then quenched in fluidised bed or stream of particles, which may be heated for isothermal quenching |
| CA2343305A1 (en) * | 1998-09-18 | 2000-03-30 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Method and apparatus for heat treating steel |
| US20020023733A1 (en) * | 1999-12-13 | 2002-02-28 | Hall David R. | High-pressure high-temperature polycrystalline diamond heat spreader |
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