CN104397422A - Heat-stress-relieving compound feed for perinatal-period sow and preparation method of compound feed - Google Patents
Heat-stress-relieving compound feed for perinatal-period sow and preparation method of compound feed Download PDFInfo
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- CN104397422A CN104397422A CN201410718845.4A CN201410718845A CN104397422A CN 104397422 A CN104397422 A CN 104397422A CN 201410718845 A CN201410718845 A CN 201410718845A CN 104397422 A CN104397422 A CN 104397422A
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- Prior art keywords
- sow
- heat stress
- feed
- raw material
- alleviate
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- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 235000015099 wheat brans Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000001763 2-hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)azanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000004475 Arginine Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 235000019743 Choline chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- FFEARJCKVFRZRR-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-methionine Chemical compound CSCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O FFEARJCKVFRZRR-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
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Landscapes
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a heat-stress-relieving compound feed for a perinatal-period sow and a preparation method of the compound feed. The feed comprises the following components by mass percent: 53-60% of corns, 15-25% of bean pulp, 1-5% of wheat bran, 1-4% of rice bran, 8-18% of DDGS (Distillers Dried Grains with Soluble), 1.2-1.8% of bean oil, 1.0-2.0% of microcapsule-coated coconut oil, 1.0-1.4% of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.8-1.2% of limestone, 0.8-1.2% of arginine, 0.1-0.3% of lysine, 0.1-0.2% of methionine, 0.03-0.06% of threonine, 0.1-0.2% of choline chloride, 0.30-0.45% of salt, 1-2% of a premix and 0.02-0.05% of a complex enzyme preparation. According to the compound feed, by regulating and controlling the nutrition of the perinatal-period sow and improving the viability of a new born piglet in hot weather and the milking performance of the perinatal-period sow, the health condition of the perinatal-period piglet is improved and the growth speed of the perinatal-period piglet is increased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a broad sow mixed feed, belong to mixed feed technical field, refer in particular to a kind of sow mixed feed and preparation method thereof perinatal period alleviating heat stress.
Background technology
Sows in perinatal period nutrition is most important.Research shows, the nutrition supply in sow later stage directly affects the birth weight of piglet and the quality of colostrum.Lactation period, sow also affected the change of whole Piglet at Lactation Period body weight except the Milking ability affecting sow, and then affected its production performance subsequently.Have patented technology display, feed can slow down sow product and reload and also stress can solve the problems such as sow digestive disorders, endotoxin harm, constipation perinatal period.
But, still there is no sow feed product perinatal period alleviating heat stress at present.For latter half of gestation and the sow of lactation, its adapt circumstance temperature is respectively 16 ~ 20 DEG C and 18 ~ 22 DEG C.And the temperature of 7 ~ August of northern China and south most area in 7 ~ September is all more than 30 DEG C.Therefore, perinatal period, sow was often in heat stress state during the broiling summer.The harm of heat stress is very large, can cause that the feed intake of sow perinatal period declines, survival rate of embryo reduction, lactation amount minimizing lactation, piglet daily gain reduction etc.For overcoming the above problems, awaiting developing a kind of sow mixed feed perinatal period effectively alleviating heat stress, reducing heat stress to the various adverse effects that perinatal period, sow was caused by the mode of nutrition regulation.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to the blank filling up prior art, a kind of sow mixed feed perinatal period of effective alleviation heat stress is provided, by the nutrition regulation to sow heavy in pig, the viability of newborn piglet under raising hot climate condition, and improve the milking capacity of sow in lactation, improve health status and the speed of growth of lactation piglet in early stage.
Second object of the present invention be to provide above-mentioned alleviation heat stress perinatal period sow mixed feed preparation method.
In order to realize first object, the present invention realizes according to following technical scheme:
A kind of sow mixed feed perinatal period alleviating heat stress, it comprises the component of following mass percent: corn 53 ~ 60%, dregs of beans 15 ~ 25%, wheat bran 1 ~ 5%, rice bran 1 ~ 4%, DDGS 8 ~ 18%, soya-bean oil 1.2 ~ 1.8%, microcapsules bag is by coconut oil 1.0 ~ 2.0%, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 1.0 ~ 1.4%, stone flour 0.8 ~ 1.2%, arginine 0.8 ~ 1.2%, lysine 0.1 ~ 0.3%, methionine 0.1 ~ 0.2%, threonine 0.03 ~ 0.06%, Choline Chloride 0.1 ~ 0.2%, salt 0.30 ~ 0.45%, premix 1 ~ 2%, complex enzyme formulation 0.02 ~ 0.05%.
Further, sow mixed feed perinatal period of described alleviation heat stress comprises the component of following mass percent: corn 53 ~ 57%, dregs of beans 19 ~ 21%, wheat bran 1.5 ~ 2.5%, rice bran 1 ~ 3%, DDGS 10 ~ 15%, soya-bean oil 1.2 ~ 1.6%, microcapsules bag is by coconut oil 1.0 ~ 2.0%, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 1.0 ~ 1.4%, stone flour 0.8 ~ 1.2%, arginine 0.8 ~ 1.2%, lysine 0.1 ~ 0.3%, methionine 0.1 ~ 0.2%, threonine 0.04 ~ 0.06%, Choline Chloride 0.1 ~ 0.2%, salt 0.30 ~ 0.45%, premix 1 ~ 2%, complex enzyme formulation 0.02 ~ 0.04%.
Further, sow mixed feed perinatal period of described alleviation heat stress comprises the component of following mass percent: corn 56%, dregs of beans 20%, wheat bran 2%, rice bran 1.5%, DDGS12.5%, soya-bean oil 1.4%, microcapsules bag are by coconut oil 1.5%, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 1.2%, stone flour 1%, arginine 1%, lysine 0.2%, methionine 0.15%, threonine 0.05%, Choline Chloride 0.1%, salt 0.37%, premix 1%, complex enzyme formulation 0.03%.
Further, described premix comprises the component of following mass percent: vitamin A 0.08%, vitamin E 5%, vitamin C 6%, vitamin D
30.005%, folic acid 0.014%, biotin 0.11%, vitamin K 0.01%, thiamine 0.01%, riboflavin 0.05%, pantothenic acid 0.12%, nicotinic acid 0.13%, pyridoxol 0.01%, Cobastab
120.015%, astragalus polyose 6%, Alfalfa Polysaccharide 1%, cupric sulfate pentahydrate 0.2%, ferrous sulfate monohydrate 3%, manganese sulfate monohydrate 0.75%, monohydrate zinc sulphate 1.8%, sodium selenite 0.004%, Potassiumiodate 0.004%, potassium chloride 1%, gypsum 2%, ethoxyquinoline 1%, n-propyl gallate 0.6%, montmorillonite 2 0%, wrap by lactic acid 4%, wrap by citric acid 3%, wrap by malic acid 3%, zeolite powder 41.088%.
Further, described complex enzyme formulation comprises the component of following mass percent: phytase 33%, lipase 67%.
In order to realize second object, the present invention realizes according to following technical scheme:
Improve a preparation method for the breastfeeding sow compound feed of milking capacity, it includes following steps:
S1, except complex enzyme formulation, take each component raw material according to proportioning, the corn in component raw material, dregs of beans, wheat bran, rice bran, DDGS pulverized, after all components raw material is mixed;
S2, the component raw material mixed to be modulated, after make graininess;
S3, by granular material cooling air-drying, and spray complex enzyme formulation by described proportioning to it.
S4, production feed package is entered bag.
Further, in described S1 step, the component raw material after pulverizing need be sieved by Ф 2.5mm, and rear component raw material all moves in mixer and mixes 150 ~ 210 seconds, makes the mixed uniformity coefficient of variation be less than 4%.
Further, in described S2 step, mixed raw material moves in modulator, and the steam passing into 75 ~ 85 DEG C is modulated 6 ~ 7 minutes, makes the moisture after modulation be 14 ~ 16%; Make raw material at the temperature of 80 ~ 85 DEG C, make graininess after modulation in granulator, particle diameter is 4mm.
Further, in described S3 step, the moisture of the granular material after spraying complex enzyme formulation is 12 ~ 13%.
Innovative point of the present invention is mainly manifested in:
1, improve the sow perinatal period especially energy of sow heavy in pig and protein level, optimize the value volume and range of product of grease in feed, and enhance the level of some essential amino acid and functional amino, thus guarantee the nutrition supply in the relatively low situation of feed intake.
2, improve vitamin E and ascorbic level, with the addition of the astragalus polyose and Alfalfa Polysaccharide with anti-heat stress effect, with the addition of potassium chloride and gypsum two kinds of inorganic salts and compound acidulant, these nutrition regulation measures improve the anti-stress ability of sow perinatal period.
3, with the addition of lipase and phytase is the utilization rate that the complex enzyme formulation of main component improves grease and phytate phosphorus in feed.
Compared with prior art, its beneficial effect is in the present invention:
The present invention by the phase perinatal period sow nutrition regulate and control, improve the viability of newborn piglet under hot climate condition, and improve the milking capacity of sow in lactation, thus improve health status and the speed of growth of nursery-age pig.
In order to the present invention can be understood more clearly, below the specific embodiment of the present invention will be elaborated.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1
A kind of sow mixed feed perinatal period (feed) alleviating heat stress, it comprises the component of following mass percent: corn 56%, dregs of beans 20%, wheat bran 2%, rice bran 1.5%, DDGS12.5%, soya-bean oil 1.4%, microcapsules bag are by coconut oil 1.5%, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 1.2%, stone flour 1%, arginine 1%, lysine 0.2%, methionine 0.15%, threonine 0.05%, Choline Chloride 0.1%, salt 0.37%, premix 1%, complex enzyme formulation 0.03%.
Embodiment 2
A kind of sow mixed feed perinatal period (No. two feeds) alleviating heat stress, it comprises the component of following mass percent: corn 56.5%, dregs of beans 20.5%, wheat bran 2%, rice bran 1.5%, DDGS11.5%, soya-bean oil 1.5%, microcapsules bag are by coconut oil 1.4%, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 1.2%, stone flour 1%, arginine 1%, lysine 0.2%, methionine 0.15%, threonine 0.05%, Choline Chloride 0.1%, salt 0.37%, premix 1%, complex enzyme formulation 0.03%.
Embodiment 3
A kind of sow mixed feed perinatal period (No. three feeds) alleviating heat stress, it comprises the component of following mass percent: corn 57.0%, dregs of beans 21.0%, wheat bran 1.4%, rice bran 1.5%, DDGS11.1%, soya-bean oil 1.6%, microcapsules bag are by coconut oil 1.3%, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 1.2%, stone flour 1%, arginine 1%, lysine 0.2%, methionine 0.15%, threonine 0.05%, Choline Chloride 0.1%, salt 0.37%, premix 1%, complex enzyme formulation 0.03%.
Above-described embodiment 1, embodiment 2 and the premix described in embodiment 3 comprise the component of following mass percent: vitamin A 0.08%, vitamin E 5%, vitamin C 6%, vitamine D3 0.005%, folic acid 0.014%, biotin 0.11%, vitamin K 0.01%, thiamine 0.01%, riboflavin 0.05%, pantothenic acid 0.12%, nicotinic acid 0.13%, pyridoxol 0.01%, vitamin B12 0.015%, astragalus polyose 6%, Alfalfa Polysaccharide 1%, cupric sulfate pentahydrate 0.2%, ferrous sulfate monohydrate 3%, manganese sulfate monohydrate 0.75%, monohydrate zinc sulphate 1.8%, sodium selenite 0.004%, Potassiumiodate 0.004%, potassium chloride 1%, gypsum 2%, ethoxyquinoline 1%, n-propyl gallate 0.6%, montmorillonite 2 0%, bag is by lactic acid 4%, bag is by citric acid 3%, bag is by malic acid 3%, zeolite powder 41.088%.Above-mentioned complex enzyme formulation comprises the component of following mass percent: phytase 33%, lipase 67%.
Above-described embodiment 1, embodiment 2 and the alleviation heat stress described in embodiment 3 perinatal period sow mixed feed preparation method include following steps:
S1, except complex enzyme formulation, each component raw material is taken according to proportioning, corn in component raw material, dregs of beans, wheat bran, rice bran, DDGS are pulverized, component raw material after pulverizing need be sieved by Ф 2.5mm, rear component raw material all moves in mixer and mixes 150 ~ 210 seconds, makes the mixed uniformity coefficient of variation be less than 4%;
S2, mixed raw material move in modulator, and the steam passing into 75 ~ 85 DEG C is modulated 6 ~ 7 minutes, makes the moisture after modulation be 14 ~ 16%; Make raw material at the temperature of 80 ~ 85 DEG C, make graininess after modulation in granulator, particle diameter is 4mm;
S3, by granular material cooling air-drying, and spray complex enzyme formulation by described proportioning to it, the moisture making granular material is 12 ~ 13%, is finally packaged into bag.
Experimental comparison: in order to verify that perinatal period of the present invention, sow mixed feed alleviated the effect of heat stress, applicant in 7 ~ August in 2013 (temperature on average 29.1 DEG C) to have carried out on commodity pig farm, Guangdong following animal experiment to a feed, No. two feeds, No. three feeds and latter half of gestation and lactation conventional sow feed feeding effect contrasted.
A, experimental animal and grouping
Originally the four kinds of different feeding strategies such as conventional latter half of gestation and sow in lactation material used according to the feed described in embodiment 1, embodiment 2, embodiment 3 and pig farm respectively in the white milking sow of great Bai × length in same pig farm are raised.The various control measures that DIFFERENT FEED raises swinery are consistent.In described four kinds of forage feed swinerys, select 3 ~ 5 tires respectively and the gestational period each 40 and be designated as test 1 group respectively, test 2 groups, test 3 groups and test 4 groups (control group) of the sow of all acting normally.Test 1 ~ 3 group of sow within the 107th day, to feed a feed, No. two feeds and No. three feeds to wean from gestation respectively; Test 4 groups of sow gestations the 107th day to childbirth to feed common agent of feed for pregnancy sow, common agent of feed for nursing sow of feeding lactation.The situation of change of the piglet ratio that sow the number of live birth often organized in record, the birth weight of piglet, birth weight are less than 1.1kg, colostrum nutrient content, weaned piglet body weight, Piglet at Lactation Period survival rate, sows in lactation back-fat thickness.
The feeding and management of B, animal used as test
In process of the test except four groups of sows feed except feed difference, other control measures of sow and piglet are consistent and performed by same keeper.In the gestational period, sow is unified in the raising of pregnant pig house, and childbirth is transferred to delivery room by pregnant pig house the last week.Piglet is helped to be able to eat colostrum after the disconnected umbilical cord of piglet birth, fixing nipple.Newborn piglet is born in 24 hours and is cut tooth, docking, injects " domestic animal sanguinin " 1mL in 3 days, mends iron, prevention anaemia.7 age in days boar pig castrations.Each group of piglet 7 age in days starts the identical creep feed of supplementary feeding, and keep hopper to clean, feed is fresh.Feed supplement every day 5 ~ 7 times.Piglet is in the disposable wean of 21 age in days.Wean house of not turn-taking in latter 5 days, continues creep feed of the same race of feeding.Carry out unifying immunity according to pig farm immune programme for children.
C, data statistic analysis
Initial data is simple process in EXCEL2010 table, then SAS 8.2 software is adopted to carry out statistical procedures, variance analysis uses one-way ANOVA, and significance is P < 0.05, and the pole level of signifiance is P < 0.01.Experimental result is as shown in the table:
| Project | Test 1 group | Test 2 groups | Test 3 groups | Test 4 groups |
| The number of live birth (head) | 10.86±1.44 | 11.02±1.69 | 10.71±1.28 | 10.94±1.35 |
| Piglet birth weight (kg) | 1.82±0.18 a | 1.73±0.15 a | 1.79±0.19 a | 1.37±0.14 b |
| Birth weight is less than 1.1kg piglet ratio (%) | 4.15±0.23 A | 4.22±0.27 A | 4.12±0.29 A | 7.94±0.35 B |
| Nursery-age pig survival rate (%) | 95.23±1.93 a | 97.39±3.03 a | 96.74±2.63 a | 88.55±2.31 b |
| The average weanling weight of piglet (kg) | 7.25±0.32 a | 7.41±0.35 a | 7.23±0.24 a | 6.44±0.27 b |
| Colostrum dairy fat content (%) | 5.42±0.24 a | 5.49±0.28 a | 5.38±0.26 a | 4.31±0.42 b |
| Colostrum milk protein content (%) | 8.23±0.24 | 8.14±0.16 | 8.31±0.31 | 8.11±0.12 |
| Colostrum lactose content (%) | 3.79±0.25 | 3.84±0.18 | 3.74±0.24 | 3.91±0.20 |
| Gestation 107 days sow back-fat thicknesses (mm) | 19.18±0.97 | 19.31±1.18 | 19.26±1.05 | 19.17±1.19 |
| Sow back-fat thickness (mm) during childbirth | 20.21±1.32 | 20.38±1.21 | 20.19±1.14 | 19.81±1.22 |
| Sow back-fat thickness (mm) during wean | 18.86±1.15 a | 18.97±1.24 a | 18.90±0.98 a | 15.96±1.01 b |
Note: the different lowercase alphabet of average of going together in table shoulder mark shows significant difference (P < 0.05); The different capitalization of colleague's average shoulder mark represents that difference extremely significantly (P < 0.01).
From the data in upper table, No. one described in this test, No. two and No. three perinatal period sow material significantly improve the birth weight of piglet, weanling weight and the survival rate of lactation (P < 0.05) compared with control group sow material, significantly reduce the ratio (P < 0.01) that birth weight is less than the weak son of 1.1kg.Compared with test 4 groups, the butterfat percnetage of test 1 ~ 3 group of sow colostrum significantly improves (P < 0.05).During wean, the back-fat thickness of test 1 ~ 3 group of sow is significantly higher than test 4 groups of sows (P < 0.05).
To sum up, sow feed perinatal period that embodiment 1 ~ 3 relates to has the effect improving newborn piglet viability and the nursery-age pig speed of growth.In addition, described perinatal period, sow feed also reduced the back fat loss of sow in lactation.Therefore, sow feed perinatal period that this research relates to have alleviate the sow gestation later stage and lactation heat stress improve the effect of its reproductive performance.
The present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment, if do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention to various change of the present invention or modification, if these are changed and modification belongs within claim of the present invention and equivalent technologies scope, then the present invention is also intended to comprise these change and modification.
Claims (9)
1. alleviate sow mixed feed perinatal period for heat stress, it is characterized in that the component comprising following mass percent:
Corn 53 ~ 60%, dregs of beans 15 ~ 25%, wheat bran 1 ~ 5%, rice bran 1 ~ 4%, DDGS 8 ~ 18%, soya-bean oil 1.2 ~ 1.8%, microcapsules bag are by coconut oil 1.0 ~ 2.0%, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 1.0 ~ 1.4%, stone flour 0.8 ~ 1.2%, arginine 0.8 ~ 1.2%, lysine 0.1 ~ 0.3%, methionine 0.1 ~ 0.2%, threonine 0.03 ~ 0.06%, Choline Chloride 0.1 ~ 0.2%, salt 0.30 ~ 0.45%, premix 1 ~ 2%, complex enzyme formulation 0.02 ~ 0.05%.
2. alleviate enclosing of heat stress according to claim 1 and produce sow mixed feed, it is characterized in that the component comprising following mass percent:
Corn 53 ~ 57%, dregs of beans 19 ~ 21%, wheat bran 1.5 ~ 2.5%, rice bran 1 ~ 3%, DDGS 10 ~ 15%, soya-bean oil 1.2 ~ 1.6%, microcapsules bag is by coconut oil 1.0 ~ 2.0%, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 1.0 ~ 1.4%, stone flour 0.8 ~ 1.2%, arginine 0.8 ~ 1.2%, lysine 0.1 ~ 0.3%, methionine 0.1 ~ 0.2%, threonine 0.04 ~ 0.06%, Choline Chloride 0.1 ~ 0.2%, salt 0.30 ~ 0.45%, premix 1 ~ 2%, complex enzyme formulation 0.02 ~ 0.04%.
3. alleviate enclosing of heat stress according to claim 2 and produce sow mixed feed, it is characterized in that the component comprising following mass percent:
Corn 56%, dregs of beans 20%, wheat bran 2%, rice bran 1.5%, DDGS12.5%, soya-bean oil 1.4%, microcapsules bag are by coconut oil 1.5%, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 1.2%, stone flour 1%, arginine 1%, lysine 0.2%, methionine 0.15%, threonine 0.05%, Choline Chloride 0.1%, salt 0.37%, premix 1%, complex enzyme formulation 0.03%.
4. according to any one of claims 1 to 3, alleviate enclosing of heat stress produce sow mixed feed, it is characterized in that described premix comprises the component of following mass percent:
Vitamin A 0.08%, vitamin E 5%, vitamin C 6%, vitamin D
30.005%, folic acid 0.014%, biotin 0.11%, vitamin K 0.01%, thiamine 0.01%, riboflavin 0.05%, pantothenic acid 0.12%, nicotinic acid 0.13%, pyridoxol 0.01%, Cobastab
120.015%, astragalus polyose 6%, Alfalfa Polysaccharide 1%, cupric sulfate pentahydrate 0.2%, ferrous sulfate monohydrate 3%, manganese sulfate monohydrate 0.75%, monohydrate zinc sulphate 1.8%, sodium selenite 0.004%, Potassiumiodate 0.004%, potassium chloride 1%, gypsum 2%, ethoxyquinoline 1%, n-propyl gallate 0.6%, montmorillonite 2 0%, wrap by lactic acid 4%, wrap by citric acid 3%, wrap by malic acid 3%, zeolite powder 41.088%.
5. according to any one of claims 1 to 3, alleviate enclosing of heat stress produce sow mixed feed, it is characterized in that described complex enzyme formulation comprises the component of following mass percent: phytase 33%, lipase 67%.
6. what alleviate heat stress as claimed in claim 1 encloses the preparation method producing sow mixed feed, it is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
S1, except complex enzyme formulation, take each component raw material according to proportioning, and the corn in component raw material, dregs of beans, wheat bran, rice bran, DDGS pulverized, after all components raw material is mixed;
S2, the component raw material mixed to be modulated, after make graininess;
S3, by granular material cooling air-drying, and spray complex enzyme formulation by described proportioning to it.
S4, production feed package is entered bag.
7. what alleviate heat stress according to claim 6 encloses the preparation method producing sow mixed feed, it is characterized in that: in described S1 step, component raw material after pulverizing need be sieved by Ф 2.5mm, rear component raw material all moves in mixer and mixes 150 ~ 210 seconds, makes the mixed uniformity coefficient of variation be less than 4%.
8. what alleviate heat stress according to claim 6 encloses the preparation method producing sow mixed feed, it is characterized in that: in described S2 step, mixed raw material moves in modulator, and the steam passing into 75 ~ 85 DEG C is modulated 6 ~ 7 minutes, makes the moisture after modulation be 14 ~ 16%; Make raw material at the temperature of 80 ~ 85 DEG C, make graininess after modulation in granulator, particle diameter is 4mm.
9. what alleviate heat stress according to claim 6 encloses the preparation method producing sow mixed feed, it is characterized in that: in described S3 step, and the moisture of the granular material after spraying complex enzyme formulation is 12 ~ 13%.
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| CN104397422B (en) | 2017-06-30 |
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Denomination of invention: A formula feed for alleviating heat stress in perinatal sows and its preparation method Effective date of registration: 20230616 Granted publication date: 20170630 Pledgee: Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited Zhanjiang Development Zone Branch Pledgor: GUANGDONG EVERGREEN FEED INDUSTRIAL Co.,Ltd. Registration number: Y2023980044087 |
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