CN104396983A - Low temperature resistant protective film agent for fruit tree and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Low temperature resistant protective film agent for fruit tree and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A low temperature resistant protective film agent for fruit trees and a preparation method thereof. The agent is mainly prepared from components of vinyl acetate, a soft monomer of butyl acrylate monomer, a hard monomer of methyl methacrylate, a functional monomer of acrylic acid and an emulsion synergistic agent into a copolymer emulsion. The copolymer emulsion is then supplemented with functional materials including an inorganic dispersant, an organic dispersant, a wetting agent, a film forming agent, a surface active agent, an antifreeze, a heat resistance material, a fungicide and colloidal. The invention has the advantages of simple preparation process, low cost, stable polymerization of copolymer emulsion, no gel, minimum film forming temperature of 0 DEG C, good film forming effect, solid content of 44.5% and water absorption of 19.66%, can significantly improve the resistance of fruit trees to low temperature cold damage, prevent sunburn and pumping damage, delay the germination period, and is safe and environment-friendly.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to plant protection art, be specifically related to a kind of painting and impose on resting stage fruit tree surface to protect branches of fruit trees from injury from low temperature, improve the protection film of fruit tree reply low temperature stress ability.
Background technology
Under north cold and Cold and cool climate condition, the injury frequency of occurrences of low temperature to plant is high, and extensively, along with the deterioration of the ecological environment, this injury is day by day serious in impact.Nowadays injury from low temperature has become one of restriction fruit growing, the important meteorological disaster affecting fruit yield and quality.
Temperature declines and often causes the permeability of plant cell membrane to increase, and extravasation in film, causes physiological drought, causes noxious material to accumulate.Low temperature stress triggers and aggravates the peroxidating of plant cell film quality, and injury cell membrane system (comprising the damage of membrane structure and film function), serious membrane lipid peroxidation causes cell death.
Winter extreme low temperature and Winter-Spring when temperature shock, be the essential environmental factors causing fruit tree injury from low temperature.When Winter-Spring, direct sunlight trunk surface, easily causes and organizes dehydration to burn and dead; The tender flower bud germination of children is subject to consecutive low temperature injury.
Though existing commercially available fruit trees protection film to burn branches of fruit trees day evil have some to act on, Cold and cool climate district due to autumn rain more, film easily comes off.The southwestern surperficial day and night temperature that reaches in the south of winter-spring season tree body changes violent, and very easily generation alternate freezing and thawing and limb day burn, and cause the large generation of rot, often have dead arm extremely to set phenomenon.Therefore be badly in need of a kind of ventilative, water conservation under such weather conditions, thermal resistance, antifreeze, the protection film of preventing rain wash, to suppress arid area treelet stripping, the rot caused of burning limb day under preventing Cold and cool climate condition occurs.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of insulation; the fruit trees protection film of absorption, ventilative, water conservation, good endurance, nonhazardous; to survive the winter stripping for fruit tree treelet; top Bud Cold Damage, limb day burn etc. practical problem; protection fruit tree safe overwintering; reduce because of the economic loss that low temperature causes in producing, improve planting benefit.
Low temperature resistant protection film provided by the invention, its main component is: vinylacetate, soft monomer-butyl acrylate, hard monomer-methyl methacrylate, monomer-acrylic acid and emulsification synergist are prepared into copolymer emulsion.
The copolymer emulsion obtained adds other functional materials again: inorganic dispersant-calgon, organic dispersing agent-Sodium Polyacrylate, wetting agent-{ 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP-95) }, film forming agent-Lauryl Alcohol ester, surfactant-poly propane diols, antifreezing agent-ethylene glycol, heat resistant material-far-infared ceramic powder, bactericide-thiophanate-methyl, and colloid-hydroxyethylcellulose, coloured material-titanium dioxide, all the other are water.
Copolymer emulsion constituent mass percentage is: alkylphenol polyoxyethylene (the OP – 10) 2.57%-3.61% of sodium sulphite 0.01%-0.15%, ammonium persulfate 0.07%-0.28%, polyvinyl alcohol 0.45%-0.63%, lauryl sodium sulfate (SDS) 1.28%-1.8%, nonionic, vinylacetate 25%-30%, butyl acrylate 15%-20%, methyl methacrylate 1%-5%, acrylic acid 0.5%-1%, sodium bicarbonate trace (adjust pH), surplus is water, total amount 100%.
In the low temperature resistant diaphragm of fruit tree, each constituent mass percentage is: calgon 0.3%-0.7%, Sodium Polyacrylate 0.5%-1%, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP-95) 0.2%-0.3%, Lauryl Alcohol ester 0.8%-1%, poly propane diols 0.1%-0.4%, ethylene glycol 2.5%-2.8%, far-infared ceramic powder 2%-6%, thiophanate-methyl 0.08%-0.1%, titanium dioxide 10%-15%, hydroxyethylcellulose 0.3%-0.5%, copolymer emulsion 30%-40%, surplus are water, and total amount is 100%.
Copolymer emulsion preparation method: the sodium sulphite of 0.01%-0.15% and the ammonium persulfate of 0.07%-0.28% are dissolved in 10%-12% water by example in mass ratio, make the mixed solution of sodium sulphite and ammonium persulfate.
First add the water of 15%-20% in a kettle., progressively example adds and dissolves polyvinyl alcohol, the lauryl sodium sulfate of 1.28%-1.8%, OP-10 and the 5.53%-29.12% water of 2.57%-3.61% of 0.45%-0.63% in mass ratio again, repeat elimination impurity after dissolving, control bath temperature at 30 ± 2 DEG C.Then drip vinylacetate, butyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate and acrylic acid mixture, mixture is made up of the acrylic acid of the vinylacetate of mass ratio 25%-30%, the butyl acrylate of 15%-20%, the methyl methacrylate of 1%-5% and 0.5%-1%.After fully emulsified, drip 1/3rd of sodium sulphite and ammonium persulfate solution, by sodium bicarbonate adjust ph to 6-7, drip residue sodium sulphite and ammonium persulfate solution after constant temperature a period of time, after insulation 2h cooling, discharging is copolymer emulsion.
Protection Membranous preparation: successively the 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP-95) of the calgon of 0.3%-0.7%, 0.5%-1% Sodium Polyacrylate, 0.2%-0.3%, 0.8%-1% Lauryl Alcohol ester, 0.1%-0.4% poly propane diols, 2.5%-2.8% ethylene glycol, 2%-6% far-infared ceramic powder, 0.08%-0.1% thiophanate-methyl are mixed with the water of 32.2%-53.22% according to mass ratio, then add 10%-15% titanium dioxide, 0.3%-0.5% hydroxyethylcellulose according to mass ratio, high speed dispersion becomes homogenate; Homogenate instills 30%-40% copolymer emulsion after 100 mesh screen, stirring at low speed even protection film.
Good effect of the present invention: preparation process is simple, with low cost, copolymer emulsion polymerization-stable, gel-free, pH6-7, MFT 0 DEG C, film-formation result is good, solid content (emulsion dries the mass percent that rear remainder accounts for total amount under prescribed conditions) 44.5%, water imbibition 19.66%, can significantly improve fruit tree reply low temperature freezing-disaster ability, prevent day from burning and stripping injury, postpone the budding period, safety and environmental protection.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Prepare copolymer emulsion: the sodium sulphite of 0.01% and the ammonium persulfate of 0.07% are dissolved in 10% water by example in mass ratio, make the mixed solution of sodium sulphite and ammonium persulfate.
The water that example first adds 15% in mass ratio in a kettle. dissolves the polyvinyl alcohol of 0.45%, then the lauryl sodium sulfate of 1.28%, the OP-10 of 2.57% and 29.12% water is added, elimination impurity is repeated after dissolving, control bath temperature at 30 ± 2 DEG C, drip vinylacetate, butyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate and acrylic acid mixture again, mixture by the vinylacetate of mass ratio 25%, the butyl acrylate of 15%, the methyl methacrylate of 1% and 0.5% acrylic acid form.After fully emulsified, drip 1/3rd of sodium sulphite and ammonium persulfate mixed solution, by sodium bicarbonate adjust ph to 6-7, after constant temperature a period of time, drip remaining sodium sulphite, ammonium persulfate mixed solution.Insulation 2h, after cooling, discharging is copolymer emulsion.
Preparation protection film: according to mass ratio successively by the calgon of 0.3%, 0.5% Sodium Polyacrylate, 0.2% 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP-95), 0.8% Lauryl Alcohol ester, 0.1% poly propane diols, 2.5% ethylene glycol, 2% far-infared ceramic powder, 0.08% thiophanate-methyl mix with 53.22% water, then add 10% titanium dioxide, 0.3% hydroxyethylcellulose successively according to mass ratio, high speed dispersion becomes homogenate; Homogenate instills mass ratio 30% copolymer emulsion after 100 mesh screen, and stirring at low speed is obtained fruit trees protection film of the present invention evenly.
Embodiment 2
Prepare copolymer emulsion: the sodium sulphite of 0.08% and the ammonium persulfate of 0.18% are dissolved in 11% water by example in mass ratio, make the mixed solution of sodium sulphite and ammonium persulfate.
The water that example first adds 17.5% in mass ratio in a kettle. dissolves the polyvinyl alcohol of 0.54%, then the lauryl sodium sulfate of 1.54%, the OP-10 of 3.09% and 17.32% water is added, elimination impurity is repeated after dissolving, control bath temperature at 30 ± 2 DEG C, drip vinylacetate, butyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate and acrylic acid mixture again, mixture by the vinylacetate of mass ratio 27.5%, the butyl acrylate of 17.5%, the methyl methacrylate of 3% and 0.75% acrylic acid form.After fully emulsified, drip 1/3rd of sodium sulphite and ammonium persulfate mixed solution, by sodium bicarbonate adjust ph to 6-7, drip residue sodium sulphite and ammonium persulfate mixed solution after constant temperature a period of time, insulation 2h, after cooling, discharging is copolymer emulsion.
Preparation protection film: according to mass ratio successively by the calgon of 0.5%, 0.75% Sodium Polyacrylate, 0.25% 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP-95), 0.9% Lauryl Alcohol ester, 0.25% poly propane diols, 2.65% ethylene glycol, 4% far-infared ceramic powder, 0.09% thiophanate-methyl mix with 42.71% water, then add 12.5% titanium dioxide, 0.4% hydroxyethylcellulose successively according to mass ratio, high speed dispersion becomes homogenate; Homogenate instills mass ratio 35% copolymer emulsion after 100 mesh screen, and stirring at low speed is obtained fruit trees protection film of the present invention evenly.
Embodiment 3
Prepare copolymer emulsion: the sodium sulphite of 0.15% and the ammonium persulfate of 0.28% are dissolved in 12% water by example in mass ratio, make the mixed solution of sodium sulphite and ammonium persulfate.
The water that example first adds 20% in mass ratio in a kettle. dissolves the polyvinyl alcohol of 0.63%, then the water of the lauryl sodium sulfate of 1.8%, the OP-10 of 3.61% and 5.53% is added, elimination impurity is repeated after dissolving, control bath temperature at 30 ± 2 DEG C, drip vinylacetate, butyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate and acrylic acid mixture again, mixture by the vinylacetate of mass ratio 30%, the butyl acrylate of 20%, the methyl methacrylate of 5% and 1% acrylic acid form.After fully emulsified, drip 1/3rd of sodium sulphite and ammonium persulfate mixed solution, by sodium bicarbonate adjust ph to 6-7, drip the mixed solution of residue sodium sulphite and ammonium persulfate after constant temperature a period of time, insulation 2h, after cooling, discharging is copolymer emulsion.
Preparation protection film: according to mass ratio successively by the calgon of 0.7%, 1% Sodium Polyacrylate, 0.3% 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP-95), 1% Lauryl Alcohol ester, 0.4% poly propane diols, 2.8% ethylene glycol, 6% far-infared ceramic powder, 0.1% thiophanate-methyl mix with 32.2% water, then add 15% titanium dioxide, 0.5% hydroxyethylcellulose successively according to mass ratio, high speed dispersion becomes homogenate; Homogenate instills mass ratio 40% copolymer emulsion after 100 mesh screen, and stirring at low speed is obtained fruit trees protection film of the present invention evenly.
For checking actual effect of the present invention, and providing scientific basis for promoting from now on, within 2011 to 2013 years, carrying out correlation test explanation in Agricultural University Of Shenyang apple orchard.
Test apple orchard is in field planting in May, 2006, and kind Stockscion combination be ' tremble with fear richness/GM256/ Malus baccata ', north and south row to, seeding row spacing is 2.0m × 4.0m, slender spindle like shaping, soil is glutinous loam, pH value 6.3, and organic matter, available nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus and quick-acting potassium content are respectively 8.6gkg
-1, 50.6 gkg
-1, 35.2 gkg
-1with 77.0 gkg
-1.
Table 1 is for fruit trees protection film of the present invention is on the impact of apple annotinous branch percentage of water loss
| Process title | Branch percentage of water loss (%) |
| Blank | 2.42 |
| The present invention protects film 1 | 2.22 |
| The present invention protects film 2 | 2.17 |
| The present invention protects film 3 | 2.19 |
Table 1 result shows that fruit trees protection film of the present invention is while breathing freely, and reduces the moisture loss of branch, ensures the water content that branch is certain, to stable Dormant hardwood inner cell structure, maintains physiological metabolism activity and plays a protective role.Meanwhile, branch breathes the suppression not being subject to fruit trees protection film with exchange of moisture normally.
Table 2 fruit trees protection film is on the impact of apple annotinous branch Electrolyte Leakage Rate under low temperature stress
| Treatment temperature (DEG C) | -20 | -25 | -30 | -35 | -40 | -45 |
| Blank (%) | 30.92 | 32.16 | 37.78 | 54.89 | 72.03 | 83.31 |
| The present invention protects film 1(%) | 34.55 | 36.93 | 40.41 | 50.54 | 68.24 | 75.74 |
| The present invention protects film 2(%) | 30.73 | 37.71 | 41.68 | 48.18 | 67.74 | 76.05 |
| The present invention protects film 3(%) | 33.80 | 38.08 | 41.25 | 46.52 | 57.60 | 75.74 |
As shown in Table 2, apple annotinous branch electrolyte osmotic rate is in rising trend with the reduction for the treatment of temperature, and blank electrolyte osmotic rate is significantly higher than other process.Semilethal low temperature between each process is calculated: blank is-30.7 DEG C, embodiment 1,2 and 3 is respectively-31.52 DEG C ,-32.29 DEG C and-33.22 DEG C according to electrolyte osmotic rate Fitting Logistic equation; process is all lower than contrast; illustrate that fruit trees protection film can slow down the membrane damage of low temperature stress to branch, reduce plant electrolyte and to exosmose rate.The present invention effectively keeps out the direct injury of low temperature to plant, the diaphragm of formation, is conducive to maintaining cell interior stable state, improves apple branch to the adaptation of low temperature, thus plays effect of resisting cold insulation.
Table 3 fruit trees protection film is to apple annotinous branch under low temperature stress
Mda content (μm olg
-1) impact
| Treatment temperature (DEG C) | -20 | -25 | -30 | -35 | -40 | -45 |
| Blank (μm olg -1） | 26.24 | 32.04 | 37.25 | 45.26 | 52.67 | 47.63 |
| The present invention protects film 1(μm olg -1） | 25.59 | 29.15 | 34.64 | 39.28 | 44.30 | 42.90 |
| The present invention protects film 2(μm olg -1） | 22.39 | 26.57 | 31.47 | 39.48 | 39.42 | 47.26 |
| The present invention protects film 3(μm olg -1） | 23.47 | 27.17 | 32.98 | 38.83 | 39.63 | 41.71 |
As shown in Table 3, fruit trees protection film of the present invention reduces the direct injury of low temperature to branch, and the protective layer simultaneously formed maintains part branch internal temperature, and membrane lipid peroxidation effect is eased, and membrane structure and film function are protected.
Table 4 protects film to apple annotinous branch under low temperature stress
SOD(superoxide dismutase) active (Ug
-1fW) impact
| Treatment temperature (DEG C) | -20 | -25 | -30 | -35 | -40 | -45 |
| Blank (Ug -1FW） | 162.51 | 209.47 | 268.63 | 242.04 | 179.92 | 152.26 |
| The present invention protects film 1(Ug -1FW） | 162.45 | 233.63 | 282.22 | 250.96 | 196.59 | 153.35 |
| The present invention protects film 2(Ug -1FW） | 167.98 | 241.63 | 276.61 | 257.24 | 181.14 | 156.38 |
| The present invention protects film 3(Ug -1FW） | 159.27 | 232.95 | 282.66 | 244.58 | 176.54 | 148.61 |
As shown in Table 4; within certain low temperature stress scope; fruit trees protection film of the present invention, while insulation, can form inner heat insulation environment; under branch is induced under low temperature stress; the generation of free radical is greater than elimination, therefore induces the increase of SOD activity, to remove too much free radical; maintain normal metabolism, thus protective plant cell membrane is from the injury of too much low temperature.But after exceeding semilethal low temperature, SOD activity is affected.
Table 5 protects film to apple annotinous branch under low temperature stress
POD(peroxidase) active (Umin
-1g
-1fW) impact
| Treatment temperature (DEG C) | -20 | -25 | -30 | -35 | -40 | -45 |
| Blank (Umin -1·g -1FW） | 13.75 | 16.11 | 22.12 | 26.33 | 19.51 | 12.64 |
| The present invention protects film 1(Umin -1·g -1FW） | 14.54 | 17.32 | 22.36 | 27.86 | 17.40 | 13.37 |
| The present invention protects film 2(Umin -1·g -1FW） | 12.69 | 17.74 | 23.97 | 27.98 | 20.01 | 12.95 |
| The present invention protects film 3(Umin -1·g -1FW） | 13.20 | 16.51 | 24.44 | 28.55 | 21.73 | 13.43 |
As shown in Table 5, within certain low temperature stress scope, fruit trees protection film process cool humid zone branch POD activity of the present invention is significantly higher than contrast.The present invention while eubolism situation, suppresses extraneous low temperature environment to the harmful effect of apple branch in maintenance plant corpus.But after exceeding semilethal low temperature, POD activity is affected.
Table 6 protects film to apple annotinous branch under low temperature stress
CAT(catalase) active (μm olH
2o
2g
-1fW) impact
| Treatment temperature (DEG C) | -20 | -25 | -30 | -35 | -40 | -45 |
| Blank (μm olH 2O 2·g -1FW） | 6.28 | 7.85 | 10.58 | 24.74 | 20.21 | 14.14 |
| The present invention protects film 1(μm olH 2O 2·g -1FW） | 6.54 | 8.06 | 14.41 | 25.46 | 21.79 | 12.64 |
| The present invention protects film 2(μm olH 2O 2·g -1FW） | 6.51 | 8.37 | 15.47 | 26.62 | 24.16 | 14.07 |
| The present invention protects film 3(μm olH 2O 2·g -1FW） | 7.40 | 8.39 | 15.56 | 28.71 | 20.22 | 13.73 |
Table 6 result shows, the CAT increased activity that low temperature induction plant produces, and removes H
2o
2to the injury of cell.The low temperature stress degree that fruit trees protection film of the present invention can effectively reduce, promotes apple branch CAT active, reduces its Lipid peroxidation metabolism degree.But after exceeding semilethal low temperature, CAT activity is affected.
Fruit trees protection film of the present invention is coated with the cool humid zone poppyhead bud imposing on Wintering Period, found that: after process, bud postpones sprouting more than 10 days, be conducive to bud and hide consecutive low temperature injury in early spring.
Observe through long term outdoor and find, fruit trees protection film of the present invention does not chap at Wintering Period, meet rain rete does not come off, and durability is good.
The present invention alleviates tree body alternate freezing and thawing while raising fruit tree reply low temperature stress, and nurse tree body cortex and formation layer, resist and burn day, prevents fruit tree putrefaction disease and dry rot from occurring.Postponing the flower bud germination time can hide late frost harm, can also prevent treelet to survive the winter stripping.
Claims (2)
1. the low temperature resistant protection film of a planting fruit-trees, is characterized in that: its material composition and percent mass ratio are:
Calgon 0.3%-0.7%, Sodium Polyacrylate 0.5%-1%, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP-95) 0.2%-0.3%, Lauryl Alcohol ester 0.8%-1%, poly propane diols 0.1%-0.4%, ethylene glycol 2.5%-2.8%, far-infared ceramic powder 2%-6%, thiophanate-methyl 0.08%-0.1%, titanium dioxide 10%-15%, hydroxyethylcellulose 0.3%-0.5%, copolymer emulsion 30%-40%, surplus are water, and total amount is 100%;
Component and the percent mass ratio of above-mentioned copolymer emulsion are: alkylphenol polyoxyethylene (the OP – 10) 2.57%-3.61% of sodium sulphite 0.01%-0.15%, ammonium persulfate 0.07%-0.28%, polyvinyl alcohol 0.45%-0.63%, lauryl sodium sulfate (SDS) 1.28%-1.8%, nonionic, vinylacetate 25%-30%, butyl acrylate 15%-20%, methyl methacrylate 1%-5%, acrylic acid 0.5%-1%, sodium bicarbonate trace (adjust pH), surplus is water, total amount 100%.
2. a preparation method for the low temperature resistant protection film of fruit tree as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that step is as follows:
(1), copolymer emulsion is prepared: the sodium sulphite of 0.01%-0.15% and the ammonium persulfate of 0.07%-0.28% are dissolved in 10%-12% water by example in mass ratio, make the mixed solution of sodium sulphite and ammonium persulfate;
First add the water of 15%-20% in a kettle., progressively example adds and dissolves polyvinyl alcohol, the lauryl sodium sulfate of 1.28%-1.8%, OP-10 and the 5.53%-29.12% water of 2.57%-3.61% of 0.45%-0.63% in mass ratio again, repeat elimination impurity after dissolving, control bath temperature at 30 ± 2 DEG C; Then drip vinylacetate, butyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate and acrylic acid mixture, mixture is made up of the acrylic acid of the vinylacetate of mass ratio 25%-30%, the butyl acrylate of 15%-20%, the methyl methacrylate of 1%-5% and 0.5%-1%; After fully emulsified, drip 1/3rd of sodium sulphite and ammonium persulfate mixed solution, by sodium bicarbonate adjust ph to 6-7, drip residue sodium sulphite and ammonium persulfate mixed solution after constant temperature a period of time, after insulation 2h cooling, discharging is copolymer emulsion;
(2), Membranous preparation is protected: the 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP-95) of the calgon of 0.3%-0.7%, 0.5%-1% Sodium Polyacrylate, 0.2%-0.3%, 0.8%-1% Lauryl Alcohol ester, 0.1%-0.4% poly propane diols, 2.5%-2.8% ethylene glycol, 2%-6% far-infared ceramic powder, 0.08%-0.1% thiophanate-methyl are mixed with the water of 32.2%-53.22% successively according to mass ratio, then add 10%-15% titanium dioxide, 0.3%-0.5% hydroxyethylcellulose according to mass ratio, high speed dispersion becomes homogenate; Homogenate instills 30%-40% copolymer emulsion after 100 mesh screen, stirring at low speed even protection film.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106718410A (en) * | 2017-02-16 | 2017-05-31 | 李飞 | Low temperature resistant protection film of rhizoma Gastrodiae and preparation method thereof |
| CN109804852A (en) * | 2019-03-14 | 2019-05-28 | 三江县丰农农业科技有限公司 | Implantation methods are harvested a kind ofly |
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Cited By (2)
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN104396983B (en) | 2016-07-06 |
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