CN104396593A - Screening method of high quality blueberry varieties - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a screening method of high quality blueberry varieties. The screening method of the high quality blueberry varieties includes: (1) selecting 10 blueberry varieties excellent in characteristic from blueberry plants 3-5 years of full productive age, and respectively selecting fruits at maturation stages of the 10 blueberry varieties as samples to be measured; (2) respectively measuring content of anthocyanin, ursolic acid and pterostilbene of the samples to be measured; (3) measuring content of vitamin A, vitamin C and vitamin E of the samples to be measured; (4) measuring content of mineral elements of calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, potassium, sodium, phosphorus, copper and manganese of the samples to be measured; (5) performing mathematical analysis on the measured data obtained through the above steps, and screening out blueberry varieties highest in edibleness from the blueberry plants as the high quality blueberry varieties. The screening method of the high quality blueberry varieties establishes a screening index system of the blueberry varieties, which can be quantitatively evaluated, can provide scientific instructions to blueberry screening and cultivation enlarging practical work, and is important in practical application value.

Description

A kind of screening technique of high-quality blueberry kind

Technical field

The invention belongs to ecological breeding field, be specifically related to a kind of screening technique of high-quality blueberry kind.

Background technology

Fresh fruit is the daily edible good merchantable brands of people, and wherein berry fruits is closely related with people's daily life to health, and emerging berry kind obtains more and more concern as domestic emerging fancy fruit.Blueberry eats fruit raw as one, and be worth high at conventional nutraceutical such as energy, carbohydrate, albumen, amino acid, fat, vitamin and mineral matters, this year is subject to liking of people day by day.But, blueberry various in style, the blueberry Middle nutrition component content difference of different cultivars greatly, how effectively screening to be optimized to blueberry kind, need to select excellent kind to carry out expansion according to difference to cultivate, blueberry output can be improved in maximum, meet the nutritional need of people's pay attention to day by day.The selection of blueberry kind, only has after carrying out overall merit to alternative kind and just can make decision.It is generally acknowledged, the principle of screening blueberry kind comprise bioactive ingredients, vitamin component, mineral element component, comprehensive utilization value high, can view etc. be beautified.But existing blueberry kind is numerous, the screening of blueberry improved seeds lacks quantitative assessing index and evaluation criterion foundation, and subjective factors impact is comparatively large, scientific and operability is not strong.

Set up index system and become main method and the means that people carry out overall merit.The rank that fruit nutrition is worth is one of focus of paying close attention to of people.But the assessment indicator system of fruit nutrition health is also little.The Nutritive evaluation method that people found comprises the methods such as index of nutritional quality, Density of nutrient, food utilization, amino acid index, but these methods just food certain on carry out analysis and comparison.Still lack the Comprehensive Assessment Technology of the effect played in fruit nutrition health.

Particularly, the fine quality screening of blueberry still rarely has system, comprehensively assessment indicator system.Although people have had Primary Study in the non-oxidizability of blueberry, cultivation management technology and product competitiveness.But achievement in research only covers minority kind and the individual feature aspect of blueberry, and edible effect that one-side factor is difficult to realize blueberry kind is preferred.Therefore, also do not have the more comprehensive evaluation of the nutritive value of blueberry, edible effect, also the index system establishment of complexity, and although consider relatively more comprehensive, forming process complexity, calculation of complex, renewal are slow.And blueberry is various in style now, how to choose fast, flexibly assessment technique method be very important.Meanwhile, edible effect of blueberry comprises various aspects, as aspects such as bioactive ingredients, vitamin, mineral matters.How these combined factors are considered, and integrated performance, quick, the succinct evaluation realizing blueberry kind is current blueberry breed breeding urgent problem.The present invention is intended to comprehensive blueberry kind edible efficacy performance in every respect, and outstanding characteristic kind, realizes the qualitative transformation to quantizing.Complete the fast succinct sequence of kind, also for the selection of improved seeds and grade classification provide foundation.

From bioactivator analysis, because blueberry anthocyanidin content is high, there is anti-oxidant and effect that is improving eyesight, according to the work display of Tufts university of the U.S. in 1996, rank the first at anthocyan activity substance content during blueberry compares with more than 40 kinds of fruits and vegetables.Blueberry is except containing except anthocyan, and also containing the newfound bioactie agent such as ursolic acid and pterostilbene, these factors have the health cares such as anticancer, anti-oxidant, enhance the heath-function of blueberry;

In sum, setting up can the screening index system of blueberry kind of quantitative assessment, can be blueberry screening and expands and cultivate practical work and provide scientific guidance, have important practical application and be worth.

Summary of the invention

The invention provides a kind of screening technique of high-quality blueberry kind, the selection for improved seeds provides targeted, easy to operate, science objective appraisal system.The present invention is using the food functionality composition of blueberry kind as index comprehensive evaluation fruit, take into full account the fruit functional reparation such as the impact in plantation time, active component, vitamin and mineral matter, geometric average method is utilized to try to achieve concrete index, quantize and illustrate the improved seeds sequence with edible effect, solve blueberry edibility height and from numerous blueberry kind, choose the pressing issues of improved seeds.

A screening technique for high-quality blueberry kind, is characterized in that, comprise the steps:

(1) from the blueberry plant entering 3-5 in the full bearing period, selecting the blueberry kind that multiple proterties is excellent, getting the fruit in each blueberry kind maturing stage respectively as treating test sample;

(2) content of the anthocyan of kind to be measured, ursolic acid, pterostilbene is measured respectively;

(3) content of the vitamin A of kind to be measured, vitamin C, vitamin E is measured;

(4) the mineral element calcium of kind to be measured is measured, magnesium, iron, zinc, potassium, sodium, phosphorus, copper, the content of manganese;

(5) mathematical analysis is carried out to the data that above-mentioned steps measures, from blueberry plant, screen the blueberry kind that edibility is the highest, be high-quality blueberry kind.

In step (5), the concrete steps of described mathematical analysis comprise:

1) bioactive ingredients index

Content respectively according to anthocyan, ursolic acid, pterostilbene sorts to kind, by the data of each kind by order arrangement from big to small, and data are carried out Min-max standardization carry out assignment, in species data, maximum is maximum, minimum of a value is minimum, then the assignment that each kind is new is:

New assignment=[(former data-minimum)/(maximum-minimum)] * 100,

If the former data of kind are identical with minimum of a value, new assignment is automatically made 1;

Then the assignment of each kind is pressed formula-1 to calculate, obtains the biologically active priority index of blueberry kind p,

$S_p=\sqrt[n]{\frac{\underset{q=1}{\overset{w}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}H\·X\·Z}{w}}$ (formula-1)

Wherein, S _pfor the biologically active priority index of blueberry kind p, in [1,100] between assigned area;

H is the Anthocyanins assignment of blueberry kind p, in [1,100] between assigned area;

X is the ursolic acid composition assignment of blueberry kind p, in [1,100] between assigned area;

Z is the pterostilbene composition assignment of blueberry kind p, in [1,100] between assigned area;

Q is the time of testing index, and w is year number, q is First Year after entering the full bearing period, enter the full bearing period after Second Year or after entering the full bearing period the 3rd year, w=[3,5];

N is active factors number;

2) vitamin priority index

Content respectively according to vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E sorts to kind, by the data of each kind by order arrangement from big to small, and data are carried out Min-max standardization, in species data, maximum is maximum, minimum of a value is minimum, then the assignment that each kind is new is:

New assignment=[(former data-minimum)/(maximum-minimum)] * 100,

If the former data of kind are identical with minimum of a value, then new assignment is automatically made 1;

Then the assignment of each kind is pressed formula-2 to calculate, obtains the vitamin priority index of blueberry kind p,

$V_p=\sqrt[m]{\frac{\underset{q=1}{\overset{w}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{V}_A\·V_C\·V_E}{w}}$ (formula-2)

Wherein, V _pfor the vitamin priority index of blueberry kind p, in [1,100] between assigned area;

V _afor blueberry kind p vitamin A assignment, in [1,100] between assigned area;

V _cfor blueberry kind p vitamin C assignment, in [1,100] between assigned area;

V _efor blueberry kind p vitamin E assignment, in [1,100] between assigned area;

Q is the time of testing index, and w is year number, q is First Year after entering the full bearing period, enter the full bearing period after Second Year or after entering the full bearing period the 3rd year, w=[3,5];

M is vitamin factor number;

3) mineral element priority index

9 kinds of mineral element calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, potassium, sodium, phosphorus, copper, manganese, through SPSS software analysis, carries out principal component analysis after data acquisition z-score methodological standardization, each sample principal component score value F _jN, comprehensive scores D _ncalculating with the contribution rate E of corresponding principal component _jfor weight; Computing formula as formula-3,

$D_N=\underset{t=1}{\overset{M}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{F}_{\mathrm{tN}}\·E_t$ (formula-3)

D _nfor Principal Component Analysis Method obtains the comprehensive scores of each sample fruit element quality; F _tNbe the score value of N number of sample t main composition of eigen value >1, M is the number of the principal component of eigen value >1, E _tit is the contribution rate of t principal component;

4) by above-mentioned D _nstandard on data, namely carry out Min-max standardization assignment to the comprehensive scores of the fruit element kind of different cultivars, in species data, maximum is maximum, and minimum of a value is minimum, then the assignment that each kind is new is:

New assignment=[(former data-minimum)/(maximum-minimum)] * 100,

If the former data of kind are identical with minimum of a value, new assignment is automatically made 1;

Then by the mineral element priority index M of the assignment of each kind by this year of the corresponding kind of acquisition _qp;

M _qpfor the q mineral element priority index of blueberry kind p, assignment is interval [1,100];

$M_p=\frac{M_{\mathrm{qp}}}{w}$ (formula-4)

M _pfor blueberry mineral element priority index;

Q is the time of testing index, and w is year number, q is First Year after entering the full bearing period, enter the full bearing period after Second Year or after entering the full bearing period the 3rd year, w=[3,5];

5) according to biologically active index, the vitamin preferential exponential sum mineral element priority index of above-mentioned acquisition, the edible function priority index G of fruit as food is calculated _p, computing formula is as formula-5:

$G_p=\sqrt[3]{S_p\·V_P\·M_P}$ (formula-5)

G _pfor the edible function priority index of blueberry kind p, assignment is [1,100].

Embodiment

Embodiment 1.

(1) from the blueberry plant entering 3-5 in the full bearing period, select the blueberry kind that 10 proterties are excellent, number consecutively is N1 ~ N10, each 20 of 3 years full bearing periods of getting each kind maturing stage fruit 60 respectively, wherein enter 1 year full bearing period, enter 2 years full bearing periods, enter;

(2) content of anthocyan, ursolic acid, pterostilbene in kind fruit to be measured is measured respectively, in 20 average contents in same kind same time;

(3) content of vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E in kind fruit to be measured is measured, in 20 average contents in same kind same time;

(4) kind fruit Mineral Elements calcium to be measured is measured, magnesium, iron, zinc, potassium, sodium, phosphorus, copper, the content of manganese, in 20 average contents in same kind same time;

(5) blueberry component number Epidemiological Analysis computing:

1) bioactive ingredients index

In statistics blueberry, the content of anthocyan, ursolic acid, pterostilbene, as shown in table 1.

In table 1 blueberry (Gao Cong), anthocyan, ursolic acid, pterostilbene are containing scale

Note: 1 in gauge outfit, 2,3 values are expressed as and enter 1 year full bearing period, enter 2 years full bearing periods and enter 3 years full bearing periods.

Computational process needs to sort to kind according to often kind of active component content, therefore the data of each kind are arranged by order from big to small, such as by arrogant for anthocyan First Year data extremely little sequence, and data are carried out Min-max standardization carry out assignment, in species data, maximum is maximum, and minimum of a value is minimum.The assignment that then each kind is new is:

New assignment=[(former data-minimum)/(maximum-minimum)] * 100

Note: when kind initial data is identical with minimum of a value, new assignment is automatically made 1.

Then process other times or compositional data successively, computational process is with reference to formula-1, and result of calculation is as shown in table 2.

Anthocyan, ursolic acid, pterostilbene content assignment table in table 2 blueberry

Note: 1 in gauge outfit, 2,3 values are expressed as and enter 1 year full bearing period, enter 2 years full bearing periods and enter 3 years full bearing periods.

Table 2 result can substitute into formula-1, to illustrate the indices of blueberry kind N1 between 3 years, after analyzing with other variety protection, wherein the blueberry kind N1 Anthocyanins assignment of 3 years distinguishes 32.50,1.00,1.00, ursolic acid composition assignment is 95.60,94.00,100.00, pterostilbene composition assignment is 1.00,1.89,48.15, then calculate bioactive ingredients index (with reference to formula-2):

$S_p=\sqrt[3]{\frac{(32.50*95.60*1.00)+(1.00*94.00*1.89)+(1.00*100.00*48.15)}{3}}=13.92$

Other kinds can calculate successively, in table 3.

Table 3 biologically active priority index operation result

Note: 1 in gauge outfit, 2,3 values are expressed as and enter 1 year full bearing period, enter 2 years full bearing periods and enter 3 years full bearing periods.

2) vitamin priority index Vp,

As mentioned above, collect corresponding experimental data, the content of statistics vitamin A, C, E, as shown in table 3.

In table 4 blueberry, vitamin A, C, E are containing scale

Note: 1 in gauge outfit, 2,3 values are expressed as and enter 1 year full bearing period, enter 2 years full bearing periods and enter 3 years full bearing periods.

Need equally to carry out standardization assignment, with reference to formula-1, result of calculation is as shown in table 4.

Vitamin A, C, E content assignment table in table 5 blueberry

Note: 1 in gauge outfit, 2,3 values are expressed as and enter 1 year full bearing period, enter 2 years full bearing periods and enter 3 years full bearing periods.

Equally, can calculate vitamin priority index, the assignment of blueberry kind N1 vitamin A is respectively 1.00,1.00,20.00; Ascorbic assignment is respectively 10.13, and 100.00,1.00; The assignment of vitamin E is respectively 72.73,17.65,100.00, then calculate vitamin priority index (with reference to formula-3)

$V_q=\sqrt[3]{\frac{(1.00*1.00*20.00)+(10.13*100.00*1.00)+(72.73*17.65*100.00)}{3}}=35.07$

Other kinds can calculate successively, in table 6.

The preferential exponent arithmetic result of table 6 vitamin

Note: 1 in gauge outfit, 2,3 values are expressed as and enter 1 year full bearing period, enter 2 years full bearing periods and enter 3 years full bearing periods.

3) mineral element priority index Mp is calculated,

9 kinds of mineral element calcium in blueberry, magnesium, iron, zinc, potassium, sodium, phosphorus, copper, Fe content statistical data is as shown in table 5.

9 kinds of mineral element calcium in table 5 blueberry, magnesium, iron, zinc, potassium, sodium, phosphorus, copper, Fe content table

Note: 1 in gauge outfit, 2,3 values are expressed as and enter 1 year full bearing period, enter 2 years full bearing periods and enter 3 years full bearing periods.

That 9 kinds of mineral elements through SPSS software analysis, need carry out principal component analysis for what calculate that assignment is different from first two, each sample principal component score value F _jN, comprehensive scores D _ncalculating with the contribution rate E of corresponding principal component _jfor weight, computing formula is as formula-4.

D _nfor Principal Component Analysis Method obtains the comprehensive scores of each sample fruit element quality; F _tNbe the score value of N number of sample t main composition of eigen value >1, M is the number of the principal component of eigen value >1, E _tit is the contribution rate of t principal component.

Citing carries out principal component analysis with the mineral element composition of blueberry First Year, visible table 6, and the eigen value having 3 compositions is greater than 1, and contribution rate is respectively 38.464%, and 19.267%, 15.351%.Principal component score value is in table 7.Can calculate according to formula-4.

Table 6 contribution rate is explained

Note: 1 in gauge outfit, 2,3 values are expressed as and enter 1 year full bearing period, enter 2 years full bearing periods and enter 3 years full bearing periods.

Table 7 fruit element principal component score value

Note: 1 in gauge outfit, 2,3 values are expressed as and enter 1 year full bearing period, enter 2 years full bearing periods and enter 3 years full bearing periods.

Calculate for N1, known principal component score value is-26.92 ,-69.52,20.28, and contribution rate is 38.464%, 19.267%, 15.351%,

Then

D _N1＝-26.92*0.38464+(-69.52*0.19267)+20.28*0.15351＝-0.26923

Other calculate the same (table 8),

4) by D _nstandard on data, namely carries out assignment (table 9) to the comprehensive scores of the fruit element kind of different cultivars, obtains the mineral element priority index M of this year of corresponding kind _qp.

9 kinds of mineral element calcium in table 8 blueberry, magnesium, iron, zinc, potassium, sodium, phosphorus, copper, Fe content comprehensive scores table

Note: 1 in gauge outfit, 2,3 values are expressed as and enter 1 year full bearing period, enter 2 years full bearing periods and enter 3 years full bearing periods.

Table 9 blueberry mineral element assignment table

Note: 1 in gauge outfit, 2,3 values are expressed as and enter 1 year full bearing period, enter 2 years full bearing periods and enter 3 years full bearing periods.

Other data can be calculated equally.3 years mineral element priority indexs of blueberry kind N1 are respectively 35.62,1.00,80.38, then calculate mineral matter priority index (with reference to formula-4):

$M_p=\frac{35.62+1.00+80.38}{3}=39.00$

The mineral matter priority index (table 10) of other kinds can be calculated like this

Table 10 blueberry kind mineral matter priority index

Note: 1 in gauge outfit, 2,3 values are expressed as and enter 1 year full bearing period, enter 2 years full bearing periods and enter 3 years full bearing periods.

5) edible function priority index

Follow aforesaid way, calculate each index of blueberry successively, please refer to table 11.

Table 11 is itemized exponent arithmetic result

Note: 1 in gauge outfit, 2,3 values are expressed as and enter 1 year full bearing period, enter 2 years full bearing periods and enter 3 years full bearing periods.

For N1, calculate edible function priority index (formula-5)

$G_p=\sqrt[3]{13.92*35.07*39.00}=26.70$

Other kind edible function priority index can be calculated successively, according to edible function priority index, rank is carried out to 10 kinds of blueberry kinds, as shown in table 12.

Table 12 blueberry kind index and list

Note: 1 in gauge outfit, 2,3 values are expressed as and enter 1 year full bearing period, enter 2 years full bearing periods and enter 3 years full bearing periods.

The present invention comprehensively evaluates blueberry variety and quality, and sort according to bioactive ingredients, vitamin and mineral matter respectively, the higher kind of integrate score is filtered out according to 10 kinds of blueberry kinds that table 12 can relate to from this example, the expansion that can be preferred for blueberry kind is cultivated and plantation, increases economic efficiency.

Although above-mentioned, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described; but not limiting the scope of the invention; one of ordinary skill in the art should be understood that; on the basis of technical scheme of the present invention, those skilled in the art do not need to pay various amendment or distortion that creative work can make still within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. a screening technique for high-quality blueberry kind, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:

(1) from the blueberry plant entering 3-5 in the full bearing period, selecting the blueberry kind that multiple proterties is excellent, getting the fruit in each blueberry kind maturing stage respectively as treating test sample;

(2) content of the anthocyan of kind to be measured, ursolic acid, pterostilbene is measured respectively;

(3) content of the vitamin A of kind to be measured, vitamin C, vitamin E is measured;

(4) the mineral element calcium of kind to be measured is measured, magnesium, iron, zinc, potassium, sodium, phosphorus, copper, the content of manganese;

(5) mathematical analysis is carried out to the data that above-mentioned steps measures, from blueberry plant, screen the blueberry kind that edibility is the highest, be high-quality blueberry kind.

2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (5), the concrete steps of described mathematical analysis comprise:

1) bioactive ingredients index

Content respectively according to anthocyan, ursolic acid, pterostilbene sorts to kind, by the data of each kind by order arrangement from big to small, and data are carried out Min-max standardization carry out assignment, in species data, maximum is maximum, minimum of a value is minimum, then the assignment that each kind is new is:

New assignment=[(former data-minimum)/(maximum-minimum)] * 100,

If the former data of kind are identical with minimum of a value, new assignment is automatically made 1;

Then the assignment of each kind is pressed formula-1 to calculate, obtains the biologically active priority index of blueberry kind p,

$S_p=\sqrt[n]{\frac{\underset{q=1}{\overset{w}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}H\·X\·Z}{w}}$ (formula-1)

Wherein, S _pfor the biologically active priority index of blueberry kind p, in [1,100] between assigned area;

H is the Anthocyanins assignment of blueberry kind p, in [1,100] between assigned area;

X is the ursolic acid composition assignment of blueberry kind p, in [1,100] between assigned area;

Z is the pterostilbene composition assignment of blueberry kind p, in [1,100] between assigned area;

Q is the time of testing index, and w is year number, q is First Year after entering the full bearing period, enter the full bearing period after Second Year or after entering the full bearing period the 3rd year, w=[3,5];

N is active factors number;

2) vitamin priority index

Content respectively according to vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E sorts to kind, by the data of each kind by order arrangement from big to small, and data are carried out Min-max standardization, in species data, maximum is maximum, minimum of a value is minimum, then the assignment that each kind is new is:

New assignment=[(former data-minimum)/(maximum-minimum)] * 100,

If the former data of kind are identical with minimum of a value, then new assignment is automatically made 1;

Then the assignment of each kind is pressed formula-2 to calculate, obtains the vitamin priority index of blueberry kind p,

$V_p=\sqrt[m]{\frac{\underset{q=1}{\overset{w}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{V}_A\·V_C\·V_e}{w}}$ (formula-2)

Wherein, V _pfor the vitamin priority index of blueberry kind p, in [1,100] between assigned area;

V _afor blueberry kind p vitamin A assignment, in [1,100] between assigned area;

V _cfor blueberry kind p vitamin C assignment, in [1,100] between assigned area;

V _efor blueberry kind p vitamin E assignment, in [1,100] between assigned area;

Q is the time of testing index, and w is year number, q is First Year after entering the full bearing period, enter the full bearing period after Second Year or after entering the full bearing period the 3rd year, w=[3,5];

M is vitamin factor number;

3) mineral element priority index

9 kinds of mineral element calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, potassium, sodium, phosphorus, copper, manganese, through SPSS software analysis, carries out principal component analysis after data acquisition z-score methodological standardization, each sample principal component score value F _jN, comprehensive scores D _ncalculating with the contribution rate E of corresponding principal component _jfor weight; Computing formula as formula-3,

$D_N=\underset{t=1}{\overset{M}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{F}_{\mathrm{tN}}\·E_t$ (formula-3)

D _nfor Principal Component Analysis Method obtains the comprehensive scores of each sample fruit element quality; F _tNbe the score value of N number of sample t main composition of eigen value >1, M is the number of the principal component of eigen value >1, E _tit is the contribution rate of t principal component;

4) by above-mentioned D _nstandard on data, namely carry out Min-max standardization assignment to the comprehensive scores of the fruit element kind of different cultivars, in species data, maximum is maximum, and minimum of a value is minimum, then the assignment that each kind is new is:

New assignment=[(former data-minimum)/(maximum-minimum)] * 100,

If the former data of kind are identical with minimum of a value, new assignment is automatically made 1;

Then by the mineral element priority index M of the assignment of each kind by this year of the corresponding kind of acquisition _qp;

M _qpfor the q mineral element priority index of blueberry kind p, assignment is interval [1,100];

$M_p=\frac{M_{\mathrm{qp}}}{w}$ (formula-4)

M _pfor blueberry mineral element priority index;

Q is the time of testing index, and w is year number, q is First Year after entering the full bearing period, enter the full bearing period after Second Year or after entering the full bearing period the 3rd year, w=[3,5];

5) according to biologically active index, the vitamin preferential exponential sum mineral element priority index of above-mentioned acquisition, the edible function priority index G of fruit as food is calculated _p, computing formula is as formula-5:

$G_p=\sqrt[3]{S_p\·V_P\·M_P}$ (formula-5)

G _pfor the edible function priority index of blueberry kind p, assignment is [1,100].