CN104395081B - The photovoltaic module being modified and/or its preparation method for roof - Google Patents
The photovoltaic module being modified and/or its preparation method for roof Download PDFInfo
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- CN104395081B CN104395081B CN201380032069.6A CN201380032069A CN104395081B CN 104395081 B CN104395081 B CN 104395081B CN 201380032069 A CN201380032069 A CN 201380032069A CN 104395081 B CN104395081 B CN 104395081B
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- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/02—Details
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
- H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/541—CuInSe2 material PV cells
Abstract
This exemplary embodiment relates to the technology of a kind of photovoltaic (PV) module preparing improvement.In the exemplary embodiment, it is provided that the first and second glass substrates, PV array is provided between described first and second glass substrates, described first and second substrates and the described PV array layer between it are forced together.In the exemplary embodiment, described PV module is sized, the roof system (such as, skylight) being similar in existing vehicle.In the exemplary embodiment, hole is configured in the PV module being sandwiched between two substrates, described hole is formed in described PV module and arranges, so that light is transmitted into vehicle with desired level, but still it is substantially filled by laminated material and jointing material, is used for being fixed in two substrates of surrounding described PV module.
Description
The application is U.S. Application No. No.12/926 submitted on October 22nd, 2010, and the part of 058 continues (CIP), its
Full content is included into and is herein incorporated by reference.
The technical field of invention
The exemplary embodiment of the present invention relates to a kind of advanced photovoltaic (PV) module for roof, and/or prepares it
Method.Particularly, the exemplary embodiment of the present invention relates to a kind of PV for automobile, amusement, boats and ships and/or other vehicles
Module.In the exemplary embodiment, configuring hole in the PV module being sandwiched between two substrates, described hole is formed and be set with exists
In PV module, so that light is transferred into vehicle with desired level, and fully insert lamination or jointing material, be used for PV
Module is fixed in two substrates of surrounding.
Background of invention and exemplary embodiment general introduction
Photovoltaic (PV) device be known technology (such as, U.S. patent documents Nos.2004/0261841,2006/
0180200、2008/0308147；6,784,361,6,288,325,6,613,603, and 6,123,824, entire contents quilt
Include in and be herein incorporated by reference).
The use of many current PV devices is only limitted to relatively fixed position, such as, be positioned on the top of house or as bigger
A part for electric station.It is true that in some cases, skyscraper by PV battery effective over.In recent years, study
PV device is installed to moveable device, such as automobile or boats and ships.One of them focuses on installs PV device to car
On top and/or on the skylight of car.Additionally, solar energy roof can be added, such as, it is parked in the summer of sweltering heat in the sun when car
Time, car can run ventilating system.
In exemplary conventional process, as whole manufacture and/or a part for assembling process, the glass for skylight can
It is installed in vehicle.The size and dimension in skylight can be designed, to meet the bassinet structure and design specification being provided with skylight.Example
As, according to the specification of vehicular manufacturer and/or the shape of car and structure, the skylight of car can be bent or flatten.
Although, the design aspect in skylight may be done before general assembly, but, vehicular manufacturer is still required for amendment
Master-plan accommodates skylight.It is known, for example, that as " built-in " structure of car, the interpolation in skylight may require reducing car
Available whole clear height in railway carriage or compartment.Additionally, in some cases, in order to accommodate skylight, roof may need to be modified (such as,
When skylight is positioned at open position).Change on bassinet structure there may come a time when to increase the complexity of cost and manufacture.
Generally, equipment may relate to adding monolithic for the PV device (such as, as skylight adnexa) of means of transport
Smooth or the safety glass of bending, and smooth business PV device is directly attached to or is arranged on after safety glass (such as, exist
Inside skylight).But, still having problems for PV device being attached to this conventional method in skylight, such as, adding the difficulty in skylight
Point relates to: assembly not necessarily " is suitable for ", forms any necessity or required electrical connection, the size of PV module and/or shape
Shape carries out with skylight and/or roof mating, maintain needed for roof structure integrity.
It should be noted that PV device is added the most traditional glass sunroof may increase the gross weight of vehicle.Due to by PV device
The weight that part is connected to vehicle window and is increased may affect the performance of vehicle.Thus, it is provided that potential effect interests in PV skylight can
Can be offseted owing to the interpolation of PV device makes car weight amount increase.Additionally, the additional weight at roof may increase car
Overall center of gravity.It may result in safety problem (danger such as, toppled is bigger).
Additionally, be as noted previously, as do not revise if not necessarily " be suitable for ", therefore, by newly installed PV device integration extremely
The structure of car may need to revise the main body of car.Such as, when vehicle window is for time open, and traditional skylight may be suitably inserted into car
Top.But, when adding PV device, its thickness increased may hinder amended skylight to be contracted in the main body of roof.
Vehicular manufacturer can make skylight and PV device integrate with by design roof and make up the problems referred to above.But, this solution
Scheme may produce more problem.Such as, the additional modifications for vehicle main body may increase the complexity of cost and manufacture
Property.Furthermore, it is possible to for two kinds of structures (such as, a tool skylight and one the do not have) master that carries out adding of existing at least car
Body is revised.Further, available clear height in the PV thickness of detector of interpolation may reduce compartment.
Additionally, the supplier of PV device is not likely to be general skylight supplier, the interpolation of PV device may need to increase more
Many installation step and whole manufacture process are more complicated.Being not only installation skylight during assembling, vehicular manufacturer may
Need that skylight is first installed and then PV device is installed.It should be noted that this routine PV is installed and may require recombination assembly line.
Installing after sale of PV device may produce additional problem or complexity.For the vehicle manufactured, by PV
Device (corresponding thickness) adds to market may be needed during vehicle window to customize, including by sufficiently expensive for roof structuring again.
Therefore, constantly research is a kind of for roof, skylight and/or similar advanced PV technology.Additionally, this technology
Field needs PV module and the similar products of a kind of advanced person, such as, effectively can install together with the skylight in car or replace in car
Skylight.
In the exemplary embodiment, it is provided that a kind of method of integrated photovoltaic (PV) module prepared for vehicle.There is provided the
One low iron glass substrate, described first substrate has the thickness of about 1.5-3.5mm.Second glass substrate and described first substrate base
This is parallel, and described second substrate has the thickness of about 1.5-3.5mm.First type surface and the second glass substrate at the first glass substrate
First type surface between configure PV array.First and second substrates and the PV array layer between it are forced together.According to vehicle
Size set in advance, shape and the weight that top is relevant, formulates size, shape and the Weight structure of described PV module.
In the exemplary embodiment, it is provided that a kind of method of integrated PV module preparing vehicle roof.Offer has first
First glass substrate of thickness, the second glass substrate is substantially parallel with described first substrate and has the second thickness.With described
One substrate is compared, and described second substrate has higher iron content and relatively low transmission of visible light.Can be by solaode
Group is inserted between the first and second glass substrates.By described first and second glass substrates and solar battery group layer therein
Force together.
According to exemplary embodiment, it is provided that a kind of method preparing vehicle.The integrated PV module of above-mentioned offer is installed extremely
In vehicle.Vehicle can be automobile, truck, tractor, ship, aircraft etc..
In the exemplary embodiment, it is provided that a kind of integrated PV module being used for replacing existing skylight.First glass substrate
Thickness is 1.5-3.5mm.Second glass substrate is substantially parallel with described first substrate, and compares the first substrate and have higher ferrum
Content and relatively low transmission of visible light.Solar battery group based on CIGS is arranged in the first type surface and of the first glass substrate
Between the first type surface of two glass substrates, and thin-film solar cells group has connected electrical lead.Described first and second
Substrate is laminated by PVB.Solar battery group is sealed between described first and second substrates by PVB, and electricity draws
Line extends through PVB and passes integrated PV module.Integrated PV module is sized being structurally similar to existing skylight.
In the exemplary embodiment, PV is battery laminated can be provided that peace between two glass substrates and two laminated materials
Full property and audition benefit.Alternatively, or in addition, the PV module of lamination can protect PV battery, similar machine by UV filter
Tool is protected.
In the exemplary embodiment, lamination use CIGS thin film PV battery flexibly can make PV module to a certain extent
Similar or identical with the curvature of other vehicles or the roof assembly of the vehicles.
In the exemplary embodiment, integrated PV module can be similar to the top glass being generally used for vehicle.Difference is
This PV module contains the electrical connection for PV battery, and the PV battery of PV module can produce the electric power for Vehicular system.
In the exemplary embodiment, the PV module comprising glass substrate, PV battery and lamination can be with vehicle in weight
Normal glass roof assembly is similar.Further, for passenger and vehicle, replace normal glass roof with integrated PV module
System can provide safety and efficiency benefits.
In the exemplary embodiment, it is provided that a kind of method of integrated photovoltaic (PV) module preparing vehicle.First He is provided
Second glass substrate；Thering is provided PV module, described PV module has and multiple is formed at through hole therein；By described first and second glass
Glass substrate forces together with described PV module layer therein.Wherein, during described lamination, due to size, the shape of described through hole
Shape and layout, the plurality of through hole that laminated material is at least inserted in described PV module.Described through hole has selected jointly
The gross area, so that the transmission of visible light through described integrated PV module is at least up to selected desired value.
In the exemplary embodiment, it is provided that a kind of method preparing vehicle, it is provided that the integrated photovoltaic prepared by said method
(PV) module, and described integrated PV module is installed to described vehicle.
In the exemplary embodiment, it is provided that one prepares the method for photovoltaic (PV) module.Substrate is provided, is formed many above
Individual solaode；Configure latticed conductive material on the substrate；Multiple through hole, its pattern is formed in described substrate
For (a) described through hole, there is the selected gross area jointly, so that the transmission of visible light through integrated PV module reaches described
The desired value that PV module is set, and (b) described through hole has aspect ratio and location, it is sufficient to make to prepare described integrated PV module
The laminated material of middle use flows into wherein, and inserts described through hole.
In the exemplary embodiment, it is provided that a kind of integrated photovoltaic PV module for vehicle, including the first and second glass
Substrate；PV module, including multiple solaodes separated, and has and multiple is formed at through hole therein, described PV module quilt
It is inserted between described first and second glass substrates；With multiple poly-lines, it is formed on described substrate and is positioned at the adjacent sun
Between energy battery.Wherein, described PV module is laminated to described first and second substrates, due to the size of described through hole, shape,
And layout, laminated material is received in the plurality of through hole in described PV module.Described through hole has the selected gross area jointly,
So that the transmission of visible light passing described integrated PV module reaches selected desired value.
Feature described herein, aspect, advantage and exemplary embodiment can be combined with any suitable combination or sub-portfolio
Together, further embodiment is realized.
Brief Description Of Drawings
Hereinafter, illustrating in greater detail exemplary embodiment referring to the drawings, the feature of above and other and advantage will
More preferably it is more fully understood from.
Fig. 1 is the cross-sectional view illustrating the exemplary photovoltaic device according to an exemplary embodiment；
Fig. 2 a is the cross-sectional view of the composition illustrating the prototype PV module according to an exemplary embodiment；
Fig. 2 b is the cross-sectional view of the composition illustrating the exemplary PV layer according to an exemplary embodiment；
Fig. 3 is the cross-sectional view illustrating the prototype PV module after the bonding according to an exemplary embodiment；
Fig. 4 a is the cross-sectional view of the glass substrate illustrating the exemplary formation according to an exemplary embodiment；
Fig. 4 b is the cross-sectional view of the glass substrate illustrating the exemplary formation according to an exemplary embodiment；
Fig. 5 is the cross-sectional view illustrating the prototype PV module according to an exemplary embodiment；
Fig. 6 a is to illustrate that PV module is by the plane graph in exemplary installation to roof according to an exemplary embodiment；
Fig. 6 b, 6c and 6d are the plane graphs of the exemplary geometry illustrating the PV module according to exemplary embodiment；
Fig. 6 e is the upward view illustrating the prototype PV module according to exemplary embodiment；
Fig. 7 is the flow chart illustrating the PV module process for preparing top；
Fig. 8 a is to illustrate according to exemplary embodiment, has the transverse section signal of the assembly in the hole of appropriate size before lamination
Figure；
Fig. 8 b is to illustrate in exemplary enforcement, the transverse section signal of the change that Fig. 8 a embodiment is occurred in lamination cycle
Figure；
Fig. 9 a be lamination is shown before have the schematic cross-sectional view of assembly of opening of inappropriate size；
Fig. 9 b is the exemplary plot of the consequence of the opening illustrating the inappropriate size with lamination Fig. 9 a；
Figure 10 a is the top view of the PV module in the hole illustrating the tool appropriate size according to an exemplary embodiment；
Figure 10 b is bowing of the more generally applicable PV module in the hole illustrating the tool appropriate size according to an exemplary embodiment
View；
Figure 11 is to illustrate aspect ratio and the chart of element thickness in the success for exemplary rectangular hole and failed lamination；
Figure 12 is the PV module illustrating the preparation according to an exemplary embodiment for the hole of the tool appropriate size of vehicle
The flow chart of process.
Illustrating of exemplary embodiment of the present
Exemplary embodiment relates to a kind of PV module, including two glass substrates；Configuration PV layer in-between；And bonding
Agent, is bonded in glass substrate together with PV layer in an integrated PV module.
PV device can be various ways.One field of PV device is thin-film solar cells (TFSC).Such as, TFSC
Device includes CIGS (Cu (In, Ga) (Se, S)2) and CIS (CuInSe2) solaode.
From front side or light incident side order backward, the photovoltaic device of CIGS with CIS type comprises the steps that similar glass material
Front substrate；The front electrode of the transparency conducting layer (such as, transparent conductive oxide) containing similar TCO；Light absorbs quasiconductor
Thin film (such as, CIGS and/or CIS film)；Back electrode；Meron with similar glass material.In some cases, at front base
Binding agent is provided between sheet and front electrode, and is likely to allocation window layer and (such as, is made up of CdS, ZnO or includes above-mentioned element
Deng).Generally light is incident through front electrode from the front side (or front substrate) of photovoltaic device, and is inhaled by light known in the art
Receive semiconductive thin film absorption thus produce photovoltaic electric power.
Layer in TFSC device can be between several millimicrons to several microns.But, installing to use to PV by TFSC it is
It is possible that problem.First, may be harmful at the material (such as, indium, gallium, cadmium) for TFSC battery.Further,
Some TFSC elements may affect external environment on the contrary.Such as, when exposed to humidity, the element in CIGS may
Can degenerate, and may cause reduce service life and/or efficiency of solar cell minimizing.Accordingly, it would be desirable to one makes TFSC battery exempt from
It is affected by the external environment, and makes the method that external environment (such as, people) affects from TFSC battery.
Being described in detail referring now to accompanying drawing, identical symbol represents identical parts.Fig. 1 includes transparent front glass base
Sheet 1, selectivity bonding film 2, the front conductive electrode 3 of single or multiple lift, containing one or more semiconductor layers (such as CIGS, CIS
Deng) active semiconductor thin film 5, conduction back electrode/reflector 10 and rear glass substrate 11.Different reality in the present invention
Executing in example, the light incident surface 5a of semiconductive thin film 5 can have texture or not have texture.Preferably back electrode 10 continuously or substantially connects
Continuously through the whole partially or substantially part of glass substrate 11, and in some cases, it can be schemed according to required design
Case (such as, strip).Selectivity bonding film 2 can be to include based on electric insulating copolymer and/or contain the close of this polymer
Envelope agent, or the binding agent of the material such as similar ethyl vinyl acetate (EVA), polyvinyl butyral resin (PVB).In exemplary enforcement
In example, adhesive layer 2 based on polymer has a refractive index (n) of about 1.8-2.2, more preferably approximately 1.9-2.1, and e.g., from about 2.0,
It is used for strengthening internal reflection when glass after using in structure.Certainly, it is possible to other layers of non-diagram are provided in the devices.Example
As, it is possible to selectivity provides buffering and/or Window layer.
The metal of similar Mo (molybdenum), can as photovoltaic device such as CIS solar cell back electrode (contact afterwards) 10.?
Under certain situation, Mo can be sputtered deposition to glass substrate 11 after the sodium or sodium calcium silicon of photovoltaic device.Preferably, back electrode
(such as, Mo back electrode) 10 has low stress, high conductivity for meron (such as, glass substrate) 11, and preferably adheres to
Power.In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, in order to provide this associativity feature, back electrode be deposited on substrate 11 initial
In the stage, introduce oxygen into back electrode 10 based on Mo.Oxygen application can be reduced back electrode to back electrode 10 based on Mo
Total stress, and simultaneously improve back electrode 10 for soda-lime glass or the adhesiveness of soda-lime glass substrate 11.But, some be
Width is in the splash coating device designed by bigger substrate of more than a meter, due to active gases (such as, oxygen) and sputter gas
Pumping speed different between (such as, Ar), the well-balanced property of oxygen in the most difficult control last back electrode thin film.Embodiment at Fig. 1
In, back electrode based on Mo (possible oxidized classification) is by the planar support of meron 11.But, in other exemplary embodiments
In, back electrode may be formed on the grain surface of meron 11.
Fig. 2 a is the cross-sectional view of the composition illustrating the prototype PV module according to an exemplary embodiment.Tool can be provided
There is the PV module 100 of the first glass substrate 102, the second glass substrate 108 is configured downside (such as, the sun shadow of PV module 100
Ring the opposite side to PV module 100).Additionally, between the first glass substrate 102 and the second glass substrate 108 configure one with
On functional PV layer 106.Such as, in the exemplary embodiment, functional PV layer 106 can be supported by the second substrate 108.Can make
With first and second laminated material 104a, 104b by laminated together to the first substrate 102 and the second substrate 108.Thus, in Fig. 1
Front substrate 1 can be the outside substrate 102 in Fig. 2, then the rear glass substrate 11 in Fig. 1 can be the second substrate 108 in Fig. 2,
And selectivity adhesive layer 2 can be the first laminated material 104a in Fig. 4, and the functional PV layer 106 in Fig. 2 can include in Fig. 1
Layer 2,3,5,10.But, different from the exemplary configuration of Fig. 1, it is possible to provide the second laminated material 104b.In exemplary embodiment
In, PV layer 106 can include the configuration (such as deposition) PV layer on the thin film of similar thin stainless steel foil or electroconductive polymer coating
(such as, layer 2,3,5 and/or 10).It is used as other substrates and/or material in other embodiments of the invention.
Fig. 2 b is the cross-sectional view of the composition illustrating the exemplary PV layer according to an exemplary embodiment.PV layer 106 can
Including PV material 114 (such as, CIGS), it is arranged on substrate 112.Such as, substrate can be stainless steel foil.In exemplary enforcement
In example, the width of PV layer 106 can be below 1mm, more preferably below 0.7mm, and is sometimes about 0.5mm.
Laminated material 104a, 104b can be used to laminated together for the first and second glass substrates 102,108, and encapsulate PV
Layer 106.Laminated material 104a, 104b can be by the similar polyvinyl butyral resin (PVB) that thickness is 0.38-0.76mm or ethyl vinegar
The material of vinyl acetate (EVA) is constituted.In the exemplary embodiment, ultraviolet curing polyurethane liquid also can be as lamination material
Material.This lamination can be done by routine techniques, such as, based on heating and/or the lamination of pressure, is exposed to ultraviolet spoke
Penetrate (such as, UV curing materials) etc..In the exemplary embodiment, PV layer 106 is clipped in the first and second laminated material 104a,
PV more motility can be made between 104b and/or be suitably inserted into the interior base in the skylight to various different size and/or shape
Between sheet and outer substrate.In other embodiments of the invention, first and second laminated material 104a, 104b can be identical or
Different laminated materials.
PV layer 106 can comprise PV cell arrangements, and it is connected to each other by conductive copper tape.In the exemplary embodiment,
PV unit can be singly to connect solaode.Alternatively, PV unit can also be multiple or the solaode of series connection.PV is mono-
Unit electrical connection can by conductive adhesive, solder, other etc. complete.Two or more ribbon leads 110 can be from PV mould
One or more edges of block 100 stretch out, such as, with required application (such as, energy grid, similar fan or air-conditioning
Equipment, for the deep cycle battery array of storage, for the driving battery etc. of hybrid power or electric vehicle) be connected.Should
Understand, in other exemplary embodiments, can be that a ribbon lead extends from PV module.In other exemplary embodiments
In, it is also possible to it is that two ribbon leads edge along PV module is from some extension.
The thickness of glass substrate can be 1.5-3.5mm, but, for glass substrate 102,108 and the thickness of PV module 100
Degree, weight and ruggedness option it is contemplated that the special applications of PV module and different.Such as, the PV being arranged on sailing boat
Module compares the higher ruggedness of the needs being arranged on car skylight (rejection condition such as, being at sea likely to occur).Showing
In example embodiment, the thickness of glass substrate 102 is about 2.0mm, and the thickness of glass substrate 108 can be 1.6mm.
Printed patterns can be included on two respective major surfaces of glass substrate 102,108.This pattern can be by PV layer 106
On PV battery frame and can visually cover gap and the junction of PV layer.Such as, this pattern can by the preparing ceramic clinker sintered, ward off
Porcelain or other suitable materials are formed, and are applied to glass substrate.Such as, the acrylates or organic of a ultraviolet curing
Material can apply the inner surface to glass substrate.In the exemplary embodiment, these and/or other materials can be screen printed onto institute
Need on the required surface in position, the pattern needed for being formed.
Two glass substrates 102,108 can have multi-thickness and color.Preferably provide normalized impedance to carry out light to swim extremely
PV layer 106, and the glass of high-transmission rate type comes for glass substrate 102.It is used as high saturating in the exemplary embodiment
Penetrate rate, the glass of low ferrum.Such as, United States Patent (USP) Nos.7,700,870；7,557,053；5,030,594, and U.S. Publication
Nos.2006/0169316；2006/0249199；2007/0215205；2009/0223252；2010/0122728；2009/
0217978；Being suggested in 2010/0255980, entire contents is included into herein as reference.
The most exemplary soda-lime-silica glass, based on percentage by weight, including following basic ingredient:
Table 1: exemplary base glass
Other submembers, including the refining aids of multiple routine, similar SO3, carbon etc. can also reside in parent glass.
In the exemplary embodiment, such as, glass described herein can by a collection of raw material silica sand, sodium carbonate, dolomite, limestone,
And use similar sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) sulfate and/or Epsom salts (MgSO4x 7H2O) and/or Gypsum Fibrosum (about 1:1's is any
Combination) it is made into as refining agent.In the exemplary embodiment, soda-lime-silica glass described herein includes about 10-by weight
The Na of 15%2The CaO of O and about 6-12%.
Except parent glass (such as, shown in table 1), when preparation is according to the glass of exemplary embodiment, preparing glass charge
Including glass being made to be neutral color (in exemplary embodiment slightly yellow, be illustrated with positive b* value) and/or there is high printing opacity
The material (including coloring agent and/or oxidant) of rate.This material is alternatively raw material (the most a small amount of ferrum), or adds to batch of material
Parent glass material in (such as, antimony and/or similar).In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the glass of generation can have
The transmission of visible light of at least 75%, preferably at least 80%, more preferably at least 85%, most preferably 90% (the most at least
It is 91%) (Lt D65).
In the exemplary embodiment, can include or by table 2 below except parent glass, glass and/or preparing glass charge
Shown material constitutes (according to the percentage by weight of total glass composition).
Table 2: the exemplary additional materials in glass
In the exemplary embodiment, can be by antimony with one or more Sb2O3And/or NaSbO3Form add to glass and join
In material.Can also be Sb (Sb2O5).Stibium oxide described herein represents the antimony under any state of oxidation, and is not limited to any
Specific stoichiometry.
Relatively low glass oxidoreduction demonstrates the high oxidation character of glass.Due to antimony (Sb), pass through antimony trioxide
(Sb2O3), sodium antimonate (NaSbO3), Sodium antimonite. (Sb (Sb2O5)), the antimony combination oxygen of sodium or potassium nitrate and/or sodium sulfate form
Changing, glass is oxidizing to have relatively low ferrous content (%FeO).In the exemplary embodiment, by weight, glass substrate 1
Composition includes: at least correspond to the stibium oxide of total ferric oxide twice, more preferably at least three times, most preferably at least corresponds to total
The stibium oxide that ferrum oxide is four times.
In the exemplary embodiment, coloured part does not has other coloring agent (trace except potential) substantially.But, Ying Li
Solving, without departing under the purpose of the present invention and/or target, in other embodiments of the present invention, some other materials are (such as,
Refining aids, melt auxiliary agent, coloring agent and/or impurity) it is likely to be present in glass.Such as, in the exemplary embodiment of the present invention
In, glass composition there is no Erbia, nickel oxide, cobalt oxide, Dineodymium trioxide, chromium oxide, or one of them, two
Individual, three, four or all." there is no " described herein refers to below 2ppm, and the element of the most as little as 0ppm
Or material.
The sum of ferrum, coloured part the most therein in preparing glass charge and present in the glass that generates, be used to according to standard
Example, with Fe2O3Form be expressed.But, it is not offered as all of ferrum is Fe2O3Form (as mentioned above).Equally, although,
The ferrum of all ferrous state in preparing glass charge or glass is not likely to be the form of FeO, but, ferrous state described herein
(Fe2+The quantity of the ferrum under) is expressed as FeO.As it has been described above, ferrous state (Fe2+, FeO) under ferrum be bluish-green coloring agent, and three
Valency ferrum state (Fe3+Ferrum under) is yellowish green coloring agent, but when neutrality or clear color must be realized, due to stronger coloring agent
Can bring obvious color to glass, therefore, sometimes ferrous bluish-green coloring agent may be not ideal.
As it has been described above, realize neutral or basic clear color and/or height according to the glass of the exemplary embodiment of the present invention
Absorbance.In an embodiment, when the thickness with 1-6mm, (thickness of more preferably 3-4mm, at this for reference only, thickness is not
Restricted) when measuring, according to the glass that the exemplary embodiment of the present invention generates, there is one or more following transmission
Light characteristic or color characteristics (Lta is transmission of visible light %).Here, with a* and the b* color value in following table by each
Ill.D65,10degree Obs determines.
Table 3: the glass performance of exemplary embodiment
Fig. 3 is the cross-sectional view illustrating the prototype PV module after the bonding according to an exemplary embodiment.PV mould
Block 200 can include glass substrate 202,208, and is configured with PV layer 206 between it.The size of PV layer 206 is smaller than glass substrate
202、208.After PV module 200 being laminated, laminated material 204 can be outside the first glass substrate 202 and the second glass substrate 208
Peripheral edge is formed and seals.As it is shown on figure 3, laminated material 204 is only at the edge of glass substrate 202,208, but, implement at other
In example, laminated material can be provided, for example, at least at its peripheral edge along the whole first and/or second substrate 202,208.?
In exemplary embodiment, laminated material 204 can help to make PV layer isolate with external environment, and it can help to reduce PV degraded layer
Probability (such as, keep PV battery be dried).Additionally, away from outward in potential dangerous PV material can be maintained at skylight
Boundary's environment (includes the people in compartment).The ribbon lead 210 of conduction can extend across laminated material 204 from PV layer 206.Should
The ribbon lead 210 of conduction can use (such as fan) to be connected with extra power storage element (such as battery) or the energy.
Fig. 4 a is the cross-sectional view of the glass substrate illustrating the exemplary formation according to an exemplary embodiment.In example
Property embodiment in, in prototype PV module use glass substrate 402,404 can be bent.Such as, the skylight of automobile can be
Slight curvature.Therefore, PV module may replace the skylight of routine, and the mode crossing the skylight being similar to bending is bent.
For adding the known technology that device and method is this area of the sheet glass of thermal flexure, and in United States Patent (USP) Nos.5,
383,990；6,240,746；6,321,570；6,318,125；6,158,247；6,009,726；4,364,766；5,443,
669；7,140204；6,983,104；With 7, being illustrated in 082,260, entire contents is included into and is herein incorporated by reference.
Therefore, glass substrate 402,404 can be respectively by thermal flexure.Additionally, with reference to Fig. 4 b, it is shown that according to an exemplary reality
Execute the cross-sectional view of the glass substrate of the exemplary formation of example.Glass substrate 406,408 can be become a unit by thermal flexure.The party
Method relatively inexpensive (such as, disposable thermal has bent two glass substrates) and/or contribute to providing curvature basic simlarity
Two glass substrates.
Fig. 5 is the cross-sectional view illustrating the prototype PV module after the BENDING PROCESS according to an exemplary embodiment.
PV module 500 can include the glass substrate 502,504 of two bendings being sized as required and being formed, and PV layer 506.
As it has been described above, first and second laminated material 508a, 508b can be used to laminated together for the first and second substrates 502,504,
And encapsulate PV layer 506.After bonding, PV module 500 structurally can be similar to an existing sheet glass.In addition configuration banding is drawn
Line 510 promotes electric current to be transferred to the outside of PV module 500 from PV layer 506.
Fig. 6 is to illustrate that PV module is by the plane graph in exemplary installation to roof according to an exemplary embodiment.PV mould
Block 604 can be mounted to the top 602 of car 600.Such as, installation PV module 604 is replaceable or is used for replacing the skylight of standard.With
The electrical lead 606 that the PV layer of PV module 604 is connected can be exported from PV module.Then electrical lead 606 can be with the electricity of car 600
Subsystem connects.Alternatively, electrical lead 606 can be connected with special equipment (such as, exhaust fan).
Generally car, when being parked in parking lot the summer of a sweltering heat, may cause the temperature within car to raise.Generally, use
It is to open the window to evacuate to outside hot-air in car in the method preventing car internal temperature from rising.But the shortcoming of the method exists
In the window of car being opened and shortage safety compared with Window closing.Another conventional method is to carry on the windshield of car
For heat shield.But, the method can reduce produced pyroconductivity, but can not by the heat that produces from car interior shifting to
Space, portion.
In this example, the PV module of tool electrical connection can provide independent power supply, drives fan, air-conditioning, heater etc..Cause
This, electrical lead 606 can be connected with the independent efficient air-conditioning of car 600 (such as, do not rely on car power system-battery or
Engine).Alternatively or additionally, electrical lead 606 can be connected with the electronics of car 600 and power system.Be not activated when car and
When not discharging the main battery of automobile, it can promote the use of the radio of car, speaker etc..
In other exemplary embodiments, it is possible to provide special reserve battery.From PV module electrical lead can directly with
Reserve battery is connected.PV module can help to be maintained in charged state so that in an emergency situation (such as, reserve battery
When the main battery in car is out of order or uses up) reserve battery can be used.Should be understood that PV module can be inside and outside with car many
Plant other power systems electrical connection, such as, for the driving battery system of hybrid power or electric automobile.
In operation, by the way of similar unloading skylight, PV module 604 can be arranged on the top 602 of car 600
Replace skylight.In the exemplary embodiment, the size of PV module 604 (such as, shape, thickness etc.) can substantially with unloading skylight
Similar.It can promote, such as, PV module is used as skylight, thus PV module can by the way of similar skylight quilt
Shrink.In the exemplary embodiment, electrical lead 606 can be modified, with provide continuous print connect (such as, in order to electric connector from
Skylight upwardly extends and/or extends downward to be used as a kind of electrical connection rail from the framework of car).Such as, electrical lead 606 can prolong
Stretch, when PV module 604 is retracted from roof (such as, similar to the mode in skylight), even if so that electrical lead position in roof
In different positions, still can be connected.Alternatively, when PV module is positioned at closed position, electrical lead can be with outside power supply
Contact.In other words, when PV module is closed, electrical lead can be with prearranged conductive contact.When PV module be retracted (my god
Window is opened), electrical lead 606 can separate with the electronic system of car.In other exemplary embodiments, electrical lead can be identical
Position extends from PV module.This embodiment can promote that the connection with external system of the PV module is (such as, due to the interface of PV module
A position).It should be understood that, it is possible to implement other technologies, the electrical lead of PV module is used with car and/or other external electrical
It is connected.
Fig. 6 b, 6c and 6d are the plane graphs of the exemplary geometry illustrating the PV module according to exemplary embodiment.Should
Understand, shown in these accompanying drawings and the grid pattern that illustrates is merely illustrative, also may be used in other exemplary embodiment of the present invention
Use other patterns.
PV module 610 is exemplary 15-string PV assembly.PV module 610 can have the region of 0.32 square metre also
There is the power supply output of about 30 watts (such as, depending on environmental condition).
PV module 612 is exemplary 14-string PV assembly.PV module 612 can have the region of 0.30 square metre also
There is the power supply output of about 28 watts (such as, depending on environmental condition).
PV module 614 is exemplary 28-string PV assembly.PV module 614 can have the region of 0.61 square metre also
There is the power supply output of about 56 watts (such as, depending on environmental condition)..
Fig. 6 e is the upward view illustrating the prototype PV module according to exemplary embodiment.PV module 650 can have conduction
Binding agent 652, thus produce electrical connection in solar cells.Electroconductive binder can include the bonding of similar silver epoxy
Agent, is equivalent to elargol and adhering and solidifying agent.This epoxy resin can obtain, such as from application technology, it is intended that 100A and 100B.
Electroconductive binder 652 can connect by conductive strip 654.Conductive strip 654 can by copper or other conductive materials (such as,
Silver etc.) constitute.Conductive strip 654 can be connected with ribbon lead 656.According to design requirement, ribbon lead 656 can be in specific bit
Put and exit PV module be used as connecing power supply from one or more edges of lamination (such as, as shown in Figure 3).
Fig. 7 is the flow chart illustrating the PV module process for preparing top.In a step 702, it is provided that for PV module
Glass substrate.As it has been described above, glass substrate can have different types and quality, (such as, the first glass substrate can be high
The glass of absorbance/low ferrum type).This glass substrate can be processed so that substrate has suitable girth and edge treated,
Carry out the particular implementation for PV module (such as, the design of glass substrate can be depending on its application, such as skylight).Further,
The specific pattern using above-mentioned pottery to be formed can be added.
Then, in step 704, glass substrate can be thermoformed, to meet the use specification of PV module.Work as glass substrate
Surface configuration and/or geometrical body meet specific application and close specification, in step 706, by the PV layer containing PV battery
It is inserted between glass substrate.
As it has been described above, thin-film solar cells (such as, CIGS or CIS etc.) can be used in the exemplary embodiment.Showing
In example embodiment, glass substrate can be formed (such as, the curvature of glass substrate can be more than standard) forcefully.In this example
Property embodiment in, the thin-film solar cells of preferably similar CIGS.However, it is understood that the other kinds of sun also can be implemented
Can battery technology (such as, crystal silicon solar energy battery).
In step 708, laminate layer material can be applied to carry out the PV layer between packaged glass substrate.In the exemplary embodiment may be used
Use the similar materials such as polyvinyl butyral resin (PVB) or ethyl vinyl acetate (EVA).In the exemplary embodiment, PVB
Thickness range can be 0.1-1.0mm, more preferably 0.38 or 0.76mm.In the exemplary embodiment, adjustable specific lamination
Material provides long-term ruggedness and lasting cohesive.It is used as having similar adhesive intensity, sealing, ruggedness, optics
Other laminated materials of feature and/or other speciality.Such as, in the exemplary embodiment, can use a component, two components or
Multi-component polyurethane.Binding agent (such as, Pressuresensitive Adhesive) can be used in the exemplary embodiment.In step 720, when
After glass substrate, PV layer and laminated material are combined (such as, region be directly facing), PV module can be heated and pressure.Heating and/
Or the application of pressure can promote the bonding of two glass substrates, by lamination, PV layer is sealed in wherein.Further, exemplary
In embodiment, heating and pressure can make laminated material (such as, PVB) become transparent.The most specific laminated material also can pass through
Other modes come processed rather than heating and pressure, such as, UV curing materials.
When two glass substrates combine with the PV layer being clipped in the middle, it is structurally similar single integrated list
Unit's (such as, similar common skylight is installed in car).Therefore, in step 712, newly-generated PV module is installed to car
Top.In other words, according to size or the design in common skylight, by two glass substrates and lamination sealing PV array in-between
It is combined into an integrated unit, and proportionally molding is substantially similar to common skylight.Here, prepare the process of PV module
The cost that can make car assembling process reduces.First, vehicular manufacturer may currently need not revise the main body of vehicle and accommodates and join
Have the skylight of PV.Second, in the exemplary embodiment, it is possible to provide integrated PV module (such as, has the sky of integrated PV array
Window), vehicular manufacturer can install wrapped PV module by the way of being similar to install common skylight.The method can be
Vehicular manufacturer is time-consuming and money.Additionally, in the exemplary embodiment, sizing glass substrate and the thickness of PV array
It is smaller than common skylight.Correspondingly, the skylight equipped with PV is installed and will not reduce available whole clear height in vehicle.Showing
In example embodiment, integrated PV module can have substantially similar to common skylight thickness, thus can be retracted and open sky
Window.
As well known in this technology, conventional skylight can be by using injection molding system or the use of thermoplastic
The reaction injection molding process of conventional polyurethanes is packed.This technology can promote sealing and the installation of glass sunroof.Equally, integrated
PV module (such as, PV module 200) also can be by using similar or identical technology packed.Correspondingly, such as, by this
The packed PV module 200 of technology can directly replace existing roof assembly.Additionally, be packaged with beneficially conductor and the road of adapter
Origin is used for PV function (such as, electrical lead etc.).
Should be understood that, in the different embodiment of the present invention, the step shown in Fig. 7 can be performed in a different order
And/or some steps can not perform.Such as, laminated material can be provided to glass substrate, then PV battery is clipped in lamination
Between material and glass substrate.
The specific PV module used in particular vehicle (such as, automobile) may need to meet public use standard.Should be understood that
Technology described herein can provide and meet and/or more than the requirement of AS-3 laminated material.Such as, exemplary embodiment can be passed through
Tests below: 1) 30ft. drop-dart impact test；2) 30ft. bead impact test；3) boiling test in 2 hours；With 4) two weeks water smoke
Contact.Additionally, other exemplary embodiments meet or by other undesired tests, such as, 1) two week salt fog contact；2)
85 degree/85%RH exposure in 1000 hours；3) shear test of the PV solaode in PV module；With 4) copper busbar shearing resistance examination
Test.Therefore, exemplary embodiment may conform to and/exceed certain test (such as, safety, durability etc.).
Although exemplary embodiment is to using thermal flexure to be illustrated, but, in other exemplary embodiments, optional
Ground, or in addition it is used as cold bend(ing) to form glass substrate.
Although exemplary embodiment is to using TFSC to be illustrated, but is used as in other exemplary embodiments
Other kinds of solar cell.Such as crystalline silicon (c-Si) can be used along with above-mentioned technology.Can in other exemplary embodiments
Use non-crystalline silicon (such as, a-Si), microcrystal silicon, and/or other materials.
In various embodiments, glass substrate can have identical or different compositions.Such as, in exemplary embodiment
In, it is possible to provide the substrate of low ferrum is used as outermost substrate, and relatively provides the material of relatively inexpensive type to come for interior base
Sheet.It can provide necessary intensity and thickness, more potential light can be made simultaneously to enter and touch PV layer.At the PV back to the sun
Configure low transmittance glass on the interior substrate of layer side and will not affect that the whole performance of module.
Those skilled in the art should be understood that the use of the glass substrate of tool difference composition, may cause glass base
Sheet has different heating coefficients.Such as, time compared with the second glass substrate, the first glass substrate can have relatively low
Ferrum percentage rate.Owing to the second glass substrate can have higher ferrum counting, compare the first glass substrate and can heat (example more quickly
As, owing to ferrum absorbs more heat).Correspondingly, the coefficient of thermal expansion of the first and second glass substrates may be different.Should be understood that and work as
The coefficient of thermal expansion of two kinds of laminated materials is not simultaneously as bi-material is with different rate extension and contraction, it is impossible to keep lamination.
Therefore, the heating attribute of two kinds of laminated materials need to correctly be identified.Such as, when using infrared ray (IR) heat and/or be exposed to IR
Time, the difference of CTE is critically important.Different iron-holder means different IR absorbances.
It is to adjust the heat on any one or bi-material for solving a method of this problem.Such as, " just
Under the conditions of often ", when the first glass substrate add ratio of specific heat the second glass substrate slow time, can use to first glass substrate increase heat
Or heat is removed (such as, passing through heat sink) from the second glass substrate.Thus, in the exemplary embodiment, for
With the difference of the heating coefficient of the second substrate, can preferentially heat first (such as, low ferrum) substrate.In the exemplary embodiment, group
The heating attribute of part can be enhanced and optimize, such as, it is ensured that substrate is suitably laminated to another.Exemplary heating attribute can
Being to consider different glass ingredient etc..Can also be to adjust the compositions of laminated material and/or select special laminated material,
Such as above-mentioned difference.
According to the heating attribute in view of first and second substrate heterogeneity, lamination step can include heating first and
Two substrates.Similarly, according to the heating attribute in view of first and second substrate heterogeneity, can be to first and second substrate
(such as, together or respectively) carries out thermal flexure.
One be incorporated in the skylight of vehicle by solaode disadvantageously, such as solaode is not transparent
's.Certainly, it is impossible to expect fully transparent degree, because passenger and/or the internal mistake of car can be made from the undue heat of whole sunlight
Heat.But, strengthen when being electrically generated system of vehicle at the energy collecting the sun, it is allowed to some light are transferred in vehicle and carry out
Balance.Owing to most of solar cells are not transparent or are positioned on transparent substrate, accordingly, it would be desirable to a kind of technology alternately,
The light allowing predetermined quantity through PV skylight and enters vehicle interior.
Present inventors appreciate that the necessity of this balance, and correspondingly have studied prepare in solar cells many
The incident illumination making fraction is entered to the probability in compartment by individual through hole.Although (other article of commerce have higher or lower
Transmission of visible light, such as, different vehicles, different vehicle etc.), but some business skylights have the visible ray of about 10%
Absorbance.Therefore, when providing PV function, sometimes need to match with percentage transmission.
But, although can at least increase absorbance by the through hole of series of rules in theory and relatively easy be made
Make, but the inventors discovered that solaode must be clipped between two adhesive layers by the method, be bound to the interior of sheet glass successively
Glass laminates structure is prepared in portion and outside.Particularly, the inventors discovered that in lamination process, of solar battery group
Solaode or set can make in binding agent ostium with during aperture, and generate non-scatter light path by the hole being filled
Footpath.Therefore, compared with the problem that through hole is solved, actually it can cause more problem, makes even if through hole is not filled
Light passes through, but still can generate irregular outward appearance, such as, when the passenger's angle from vehicle is observed.
Here, it has unexpectedly been discovered that, in view of the foregoing and in exemplary enforcement, it is not necessary that consider PV skylight
Lamination and other non-skylight glasses lamination (windshield etc.) change lamination process.It is to say, find at this, in view of upper
State situation and in exemplary enforcement, there is no need as PV skylight compared with other non-skylight glasses lamination (windshield etc.)
Lamination customization adhesive type and temperature, pressure, cycle, and other associated processing conditions.
On the contrary, find at this, the hole dimension of subset, aspect ratio, and the optimum efficiency that spacing tool is unique, it can meet bonding
Condition in agent ostium, thus opening can be filled up or almost be filled up to binding agent, thus non-scattered through opening and enters car
Railway carriage or compartment, and when the passenger's angle from vehicle is observed, there is (more attractive) outward appearance evenly.
Thus, in the PV battery on laminated roof, client's request of preparation displine opening, results in a finding that in only PV structure
Some openings make lamination there is no the bubble (usual air, but be sometimes other gases) of delay.Therefore, the present invention
Exemplary embodiment in view of the geometry in hole, issuable air trapping during reducing manufacture.
Fig. 8 a is to illustrate according to exemplary embodiment, has the transverse section signal of the assembly in the hole of appropriate size before lamination
Figure.Should be understood that Fig. 8 a and Fig. 8 b, 9a, 9b are not to scale.Such as, glass substrate is generally than binding agent and solar-electricity
Pond is thick.Meanwhile, hole may be less than the thickness of glass, and/or shape can be regular or irregular.In exemplary embodiment
In, hole can have a key dimension, and more than other key dimension.Such as, hole can be groove, can be 1mm at minor face
Or less, and long limit can be 1mm or longer.
As shown in Figure 8 a, solaode storehouse 80 is sandwiched between first and second substrate 804a, 804b.Bonding material
Material 806 is arranged in the one or both sides of solaode storehouse 802.A hole 808 is formed in solaode storehouse 802,
Increase the transmission of visible light (such as compared with the situation being configured without hole) entered in vehicle.Although should be understood that Fig. 8 a
Shown in a hole, it is also possible to be that multiple hole is provided in regular or irregular configuration.
Fig. 8 b is to illustrate in exemplary enforcement, the transverse section signal of the change that Fig. 8 a embodiment is occurred in lamination cycle
Figure.Fig. 8 b is shown in lamination and follows in evil idea, and binding agent will cling glass, consistent with its plane, and cling solaode, with it
Plane is consistent.By the size of reasonable selecting hole, binding agent also will relax and the most fully inserts opening of hole
Mouthful.Light passes binding agent, preferably, do not see the interface of any air-binding agent and/or any textured surface (such as, with
Bubble caused by gas because of accumulation etc. is relevant).
Fig. 9 a be lamination is shown before have the schematic cross-sectional view of assembly of opening 808 ' of inappropriate size.Fig. 9 b is to show
Go out the exemplary plot of consequence of the opening of inappropriate size with lamination Fig. 9 a.As shown in the example of Fig. 9 b, binding agent 806 is the completeest
Entirely or the most in large quantities insert in opening 808'.Interface 904a, 904b along air-binding agent form air pocket 902 on the contrary.According to
Different situations, the shape of interface 904a and 904b can be smooth or irregular, and sometimes can partly contact with each other.Ying Li
Solving, the incident illumination in these features can be height scattering or bending, thus causes invalid light to be transmitted through solaode
Opening in storehouse 802.Its result is probably less-than-ideal outward appearance and/or does not meet target visible light transmission rate.
Figure 10 a is the top view of the PV module in the hole illustrating the tool appropriate size according to an exemplary embodiment.Figure 10 a
Shown in size be mm, it should be appreciated that other embodiments other sizes the most applicable of the present invention.Institute in the example of Figure 10 a
The opening illustrated has well-regulated shape and has well-regulated interval.However, it is understood that not every exemplary embodiment
In all need so.Such as, in different exemplary embodiments, can in one or more regular or irregular intervals shape
Become various sizes of opening.Vertical dimension in Figure 10 a illustrates the centrage of opening.
As shown in the example of Figure 10 a, PV module includes two various sizes of districts for supporting solaode storehouse
Territory 1002a, 1002b.This region 1002a, 1002b are at least partly by conductor wire 1004, and bus 1006 defines.Should be understood that
Conductor wire 1004 and/or bus 1006 can include silver or any other conductive material.In the example of Figure 10 a, bus 1006 can
It is downwardly projected from the main part of PV module, and in the exemplary embodiment can the positive terminal of indication circuit.Although not at figure
Shown in the example of 10a, other bus can project upwards from the opposite side of module and be formed the negative pole end of circuit.Certain situation
Under, the bus 1006 as shown in Figure 10 a, bus can be essentially straight, such as, reduces bus visually or aesthetic shadow
Ring, it is allowed to the bigger region covered by solaode functional layer.In the exemplary embodiment, bus bar can jointly be made
For " collecting line ".It should be understood, however, that may be used without other designs, collect the energy by other means, thus perhaps without
Use the bus shown in Figure 10 a.
In Figure 10 a example, the every other row of grid configures opening.Two are configured in bigger region 1002a
Individual opening 1008a, 1008b, and less region 1002b only configure an opening 1008c.Each opening 1008 has identical
Size and shape.As it has been described above, opening 1008 can be formulated size and shape, in order to meet target visible light transmission rate.At Figure 10 a
Exemplary embodiment in, opening is the channel-shaped with fillet.The external diameter of groove is 23mm, and internal diameter is 1mm.Therefore, opening exists
Region is about 23 square millimeters.But, opening 1008 can the minimum range between corresponding edge of opening and conductive material be entered
One step controls (such as, collecting line, grid etc.).Finding at this, such as, the distance of the edge-to-edge of about 1mm be enough to prevent short circuit, no
Then may make module section or can not run completely.The preferably distance of about 2mm, and the distance of more preferably approximately 3 millimeters.
In the exemplary embodiment, opening can be concentrated between the grid lines in height dimension.For less region
1002b, opening 1008c can flatly be concentrated between the edge of module and neighbouring bus 1006.For bigger region
1002a, the opposite edges of opening 1008a, 1008b can be equally spaced respectively from its neighbouring bus 1006.
As it has been described above, Figure 10 a is illustrated in many-side.Figure 10 b is to illustrate that the tool according to an exemplary embodiment is suitable
The top view of the more generally applicable PV module in the hole of size.As it can be seen, bus is removed, and provide the typical or chi of example
Very little.It should be understood, of course, that these sizes can be modified in different exemplary embodiments.Similarly, in one or more differences
Embodiment in difform opening can be provided.Particularly, as shown in fig. lob, the main distance of opening is 30mm and opening
Secondary distance be 1mm.Opening in periphery and edge are separated by 2.3mm, such as, multiple module can be made to be mutually coupled and/or
It coupled to vehicle etc..Adjacent opening is spaced apart 5mm, thus has enough spaces and come for bus or other main electricity
Connect, reduce short circuit equally likely possibility.
Figure 11 is to illustrate aspect ratio and the chart of element thickness in the success for exemplary rectangular hole and failed lamination.
The figure of Figure 11 represents the length to width ratio (with general unit) in exemplary rectangular hole to be compared with cell thickness (such as, mils)
Relatively.The length and width geometry of laminated material (i.e. representing failure) is not inserted in region the signal more than line in Figure 11, and line with
Under region signal insert the length and width geometry of laminated material.Different curves, such as, shown in Figure 11, can develop into
The hole of different types of geometry (such as, square, rectangle, avette, hexagon, and/or the hole of other shapes), lamination material
Material, high pressure or heat treatment cycle and processing conditions (such as temperature, pressure, cycle etc.) etc..The value of boundary curve can be based on selected
Material, is determined by rule of thumb or is calculated in theory.Different please be under condition, boundary line can be bent or substantially straight line.
Figure 12 is the PV module illustrating the preparation according to an exemplary embodiment for the hole of the tool appropriate size of vehicle
The flow chart of process.As shown in figure 12, in step S1102, determine be suitable for target visible light transmission rate and make bonding therein
The geometry in the hole of material flowing.As mentioned above, it is contemplated that the size in hole, aspect ratio, and interval, meet binding agent and flow into
Condition in hole, such as, specific jointing material, PV module thickness etc..In step S1104, one can be formed in PV module
Or multiple hole, such as according to the geometry in selected hole.Hole can be formed by any suitable technology.Such as, can pass through
Laser scribing (such as, use Hitachi through the equipment of U.S.'s mechanics Company, its be modified to meet demand and be sized,
Position, layout etc., or any other supplier), cut, bore a hole and/or any other suitable technology is to form hole.In step
Rapid S1106 provides glass substrate.As it has been described above, this substrate can be bent.In step S1108, by glass substrate and wherein
Form porose PV module layer to force together.As a part for this process, jointing material flows in hole.It is preferably, along with
Lamination, hole is filled or is essentially filled with, thus is the most significantly spaced in the region of access hole and/or does not has other boundary
Face.Additionally, along with lamination, assembly there is no bubble etc..In step S1110, final offer PV assembly is for installing
(such as, as the skylight in vehicle).
In view of above, it should be appreciated that exemplary embodiment relates to a kind of PV module, including one or more openings.At some
In the case of, may select and/or adjust the feature of opening to make transmission light enter to the interior cabin of vehicle, and still make simultaneously
Build the appearance that the assembly holding of PV module is more attractive in appearance.Additionally, exemplary embodiment considers (to include with binding agent and lamination process
Processing conditions, such as temperature, pressure, cycle etc.) the relevant constraints of character and option and installment, to guarantee requirement
Light is successfully transmitted through hole.Such as, the opening size selected by adjustable, make required jointing material properly flow into
In opening.Exemplary embodiment relates to the form and dimension of opening subset, so that the cross section of the binding agent after Ceng Ya is the most equal
Even, such as, specific jointing material and one group of processing conditions.
Such as, the incident illumination of the whole light transmission setting 10% passes the opening for connecting configuration, described configuration bag
Include specific binding agent and lamination cycle and specific solaode thickness, it should be appreciated that when having higher rectangular aperture
During the length to width ratio in the hole of (it is assumed that be circular), then laminated material can not successfully penetrate.On the contrary, ratio is less than being somebody's turn to do
During value, then can successfully pass through opening.In the exemplary embodiment, identify the existence on border and as inference, border determine
Justice region, thus realize successful opening and fill, then use the information to build the PV assembly for vehicle.
In the exemplary embodiment, one or two substrate can be heat-treated (such as, hot tempering or heat are strengthened).At this
Material is heated to enough temperature by " thermal treatment " and " heat treatment " expression, thus realizes the hot steel of the glass containing this material
Change and/or heat is strengthened.This definition includes: such as, heats coating substance with the temperature of at least 550 degrees Celsius in oven or smelting furnace
Matter, preferably at least 580 degrees Celsius, more preferably at least 600 degrees Celsius, even more preferably at least 620 degrees Celsius, most preferably
Being at least 650 degrees Celsius, and carry out hot tempering and/or heat reinforcement with time enough, in the exemplary embodiment, it is permissible
It it is two minutes to ten minutes.
Term as used herein " ... on ", " by ... support " etc., unless explicitly stated otherwise, otherwise should not be construed
For referring to two elements directly adjacent to each other.In other words, even if there is one or more layer between ground floor and the second layer, the
One layer can also be to represent on the second layer or supported by the second layer.
In the exemplary embodiment, it is provided that a kind of method of integrated photovoltaic PV module preparing vehicle.There is provided first and the
Two glass substrates；Thering is provided PV module, described PV module has and multiple is formed at through hole therein；By described first and second glass
Substrate forces together with described PV module layer therein.Wherein, during described lamination, due to the size of described through hole, shape,
And layout, the plurality of through hole that laminated material is at least inserted in described PV module.Described through hole has selected total jointly
Area, so that the transmission of visible light through described integrated PV module is at least up to selected desired value.
In addition to the feature of previous paragraphs, in the exemplary embodiment, described desired value can be 10%.
In addition to the feature of any one in the first two paragraph, in the exemplary embodiment, described PV module can include
Multiple solaodes separated.
In addition to the feature of previous paragraphs, in the exemplary embodiment, described solaode can be by latticed conduction
Material is spaced.
In addition to the feature of previous paragraphs, in the exemplary embodiment, described through hole, be enough to prevent the grid of electrical short
Linear distance is spaced.
In addition to the feature of previous paragraphs, in the exemplary embodiment, described distance can be at least 1mm.
In addition to the feature of any one in front four paragraphs, in the exemplary embodiment, described through hole can basic bit
Unit center in described grid.
In addition to the feature of any one in first five paragraph, in the exemplary embodiment, at least some through hole can position
Between adjacent solaode.
In addition to the feature of any one in the first six paragraph, in the exemplary embodiment, at least some through hole can position
In the neighboring of described PV module, and compare any solaode closer to described neighboring.
In addition to the feature of any one in the first eight paragraph, in the exemplary embodiment, can be by multiple bus (examples
As, 3 positive poles and 3 negative poles, or other suitably configure) it is connected to described PV module.
In addition to the feature of any one in front ten paragraphs, in the exemplary embodiment, described through hole is prolonged respectively
Stretch and there is fillet.
Exemplary embodiment relates to a kind of method preparing vehicle, and described method includes: provide by front 11 paragraphs
The integrated photovoltaic PV module prepared by method of any one；And described integrated PV module is installed to described vehicle.
In the exemplary embodiment, it is provided that a kind of method preparing photovoltaic PV module.Substrate is provided, is formed multiple above
Solaode；Configure latticed conductive material on the substrate；Forming multiple through hole in described substrate, its pattern is
A () described through hole has the selected gross area jointly, so that the transmission of visible light through integrated PV module reaches described PV
The desired value that module is set, and (b) described through hole has aspect ratio and location, it is sufficient to make to prepare in described integrated PV module
The laminated material used flows into wherein, and inserts described through hole.
In addition to the feature of previous paragraphs, in the exemplary embodiment, described through hole can be formed by cut.
In addition to the feature of any one in the first two paragraph, in the exemplary embodiment, the sun of described PV module
Energy battery can be the solaode of CIGS type.
In the exemplary embodiment, it is provided that a kind of integrated photovoltaic PV module for vehicle, including the first and second glass
Substrate；PV module, including multiple solaodes separated, and has and multiple is formed at through hole therein, described PV module quilt
It is inserted between described first and second glass substrates；With multiple poly-lines, it is formed on described substrate and is positioned at the adjacent sun
Between energy battery.Wherein, described PV module is laminated to described first and second substrates, due to the size of described through hole, shape,
And layout, laminated material is received in the plurality of through hole in described PV module.Wherein, described through hole has selected total jointly
Area, so that the transmission of visible light passing described integrated PV module reaches selected desired value.
In addition to the feature of previous paragraphs, in the exemplary embodiment, described through hole, be enough to prevent the grid of electrical short
Linear distance is spaced.
In addition to the feature of any one in the first two paragraph, in the exemplary embodiment, described through hole can basic bit
Unit center in described grid.
In addition to the feature of any one in first three paragraph, in the exemplary embodiment,
First subset of described through hole is between adjacent solaode, and the second subset of described through hole is positioned at institute
State the neighboring of PV module, and compare any solaode closer to described neighboring.
In addition to the feature of any one in first three paragraph, in the exemplary embodiment, described laminated material can be
PVB。
In addition to the feature of any one in front four paragraphs, in the exemplary embodiment, described solaode can
Solaode for CIGS type.
In addition to the feature of any one in the first six paragraph, in the exemplary embodiment, described second glass substrate
Than described first glass substrate, there is more ferrum.
Exemplary embodiment relates to a kind of skylight, including the integrated photovoltaic PV mould in any of the one of the first seven paragraph
Block.
Although as it has been described above, the present invention is illustrated with reference to the most practical and preferred embodiment, but the present invention is also
Being not limited to described embodiment, can carry out various amendment and deformation on the contrary in the range of described above, amendment will be by appended
Right defines.
Claims (15)
1. the method preparing the integrated photovoltaic PV module of vehicle, described method includes:
First and second glass substrates are provided；
Thering is provided PV module, described PV module has and multiple is formed at through hole therein；
Described first and second glass substrates are forced together with described PV module layer therein, and
Wherein, during described lamination, due to size, shape and the layout of described through hole, laminated material is at least inserted described
Multiple described through hole in PV module,
Wherein, described through hole has the selected gross area jointly, so that the visible ray through described integrated photovoltaic PV module is saturating
Penetrate the desired value that rate is the most selected, and
Described PV module includes multiple solaode separated, and described solaode is separated by the grid of conductive material, institute
State through hole and be positioned at the unit center of described grid.
The most described desired value is 10%.
3. method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein, described through hole is be enough to the line of distance and the grid preventing electrical short
Spaced.
4. method as claimed in claim 3, wherein, the distance between the line of described through hole and described grid is at least 1mm.
5. method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein, at least some through hole is between adjacent solaode.
6. method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein, through hole described at least some is positioned at the neighboring of described PV module,
And compare any solaode closer to described neighboring.
7. method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, farther includes: multiple buses are connected to described PV module.
8. method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein, described through hole is extended respectively and has fillet.
9. the method preparing vehicle, described method includes:
The integrated photovoltaic PV module prepared by the method in any of the one of the claims is provided；And
Described integrated photovoltaic PV module is installed to described vehicle.
10. for an integrated photovoltaic PV module for vehicle, including:
First and second glass substrates；
PV module, including multiple solaodes separated, and has and multiple is formed at through hole therein, and described PV module is inserted
Enter between described first and second glass substrates；With
Multiple poly-lines, are formed on described first and second glass substrates and between adjacent solaode,
Wherein, described PV module is laminated to described first and second glass substrates, due to the size of described through hole, shape and
Layout, laminated material is received in the multiple described through hole in described PV module,
Wherein, described through hole has the selected gross area jointly, so that the visible ray through described integrated photovoltaic PV module is saturating
The rate of penetrating reaches selected desired value, and
Described through hole is spaced with the line of the grid of conductive material be enough to the distance preventing electrical short, and described through hole is positioned at institute
State the unit center of grid.
11. modules as claimed in claim 10, wherein, the first subset of described through hole be positioned at adjacent solaode it
Between, and
Second subset of described through hole is positioned at the neighboring of described PV module, and compares any solaode closer to described
Neighboring.
12. modules as described in claim 10 or 11, wherein, described laminated material is PVB.
13. modules as claimed in claim 12, wherein, described solaode is the solaode of CIGS type.
14. modules as described in claim 10 or 11, wherein, described second glass substrate has than described first glass substrate
More ferrum.
15. 1 kinds of skylights, including the integrated photovoltaic PV module in any of the one of claim 10-14.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US13/449,623 | 2012-04-18 | ||
| US13/449,623 US8834664B2 (en) | 2010-10-22 | 2012-04-18 | Photovoltaic modules for use in vehicle roofs, and/or methods of making the same |
| PCT/US2013/036685 WO2013158581A1 (en) | 2012-04-18 | 2013-04-16 | Improved photovoltaic modules for use in vehicle roofs, and/or methods of making the same |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN104395081A CN104395081A (en) | 2015-03-04 |
| CN104395081B true CN104395081B (en) | 2016-12-07 |
Family
ID=48483192
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201380032069.6A Expired - Fee Related CN104395081B (en) | 2012-04-18 | 2013-04-16 | The photovoltaic module being modified and/or its preparation method for roof |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP6469566B2 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN104395081B (en) |
| DE (1) | DE112013002119T5 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2013158581A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2017117132A1 (en) * | 2015-12-31 | 2017-07-06 | Sunedison, Inc. | Systems and methods for reducing inactive space in photovoltaic modules |
| EP3599649B1 (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2021-10-06 | (CNBM) Bengbu Design & Research Institute for Glass Industry Co., Ltd. | Solar module with structured cover plate and optical interference layer |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2015518661A (en) | 2015-07-02 |
| WO2013158581A1 (en) | 2013-10-24 |
| DE112013002119T5 (en) | 2014-12-31 |
| JP6469566B2 (en) | 2019-02-13 |
| CN104395081A (en) | 2015-03-04 |
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