WO2017024945A1

WO2017024945A1 - Hybrid solar sunroof

Info

Publication number: WO2017024945A1
Application number: PCT/CN2016/091969
Authority: WO
Inventors: 潘胜浆; 王明华; 蒋前哨; 汪浩; 杨立友
Original assignee: 宁波山迪光能技术有限公司
Priority date: 2015-08-12
Filing date: 2016-07-28
Publication date: 2017-02-16
Also published as: CN105034770A

Abstract

A solar sunroof installed on a roof of an automobile comprises a solar sunroof body installed in a mounting frame of the roof of the automobile. A circle of black printed area (2) is arranged at the edge of the solar sunroof body, and is used for installing a metal bracket and a sunroof motion mechanism; a solar cell piece is disposed in the solar sunroof body. The solar cell piece consists of one or more semi-transparent thin film cells (4) and opaque cells (5) distributed around the thin film cells (4), the opaque cells (5) being located in the black printed area (2). The solar sunroof has the advantages that when the solar sunroof is irradiated by light, part of the light enters the interior of an automobile through semi-transparent thin film cells, such that a light requirement of the interior of the automobile is ensured; and opaque cells are additionally arranged in the originally opaque black print, such that the generation power of the solar sunroof can be improved without reducing a light transmitting area.

Description

Hybrid solar sunroof

Technical field

The invention relates to a solar sunroof of an automobile roof, in particular to a hybrid solar sunroof.

Background technique

In the prior art, the top of the automobile is provided with a sunroof mounting frame, and the top of the frame is provided with an openable sunroof glass for ventilation and ventilation, and also functions to improve lighting in the car. Solar cells are installed inside the sunroof glass of the car to form a solar sunroof. The automobile solar sunroof adopts a whole piece of thin film battery, such as the invention patent 201310164794.0, which has low power generation and good light transmittance. Some use densely arranged crystalline silicon cells, such as the invention patent 200510100696.6, high power generation, but poor light transmission, affecting the interior lighting of the car.

Summary of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a hybrid solar sunroof having a high power generation while ensuring light inside the automobile.

The hybrid solar sunroof of the present invention comprises a solar sunroof body for mounting in an automobile roof mounting frame, the edge of the solar sunroof body having a black printed area, a metal bracket and a moving mechanism for bonding the sunroof of the automobile Providing a solar cell sheet in the solar sunroof body, the solar cell sheet being composed of a semi-transmissive thin film battery in a middle portion and an opaque battery distributed around the thin film battery, wherein the opaque battery is located in the Black printing area.

The solar sunroof body comprises a transparent upper encapsulation layer and a lower encapsulation layer. The upper encapsulation layer generally adopts tempered glass to increase the structural strength. The lower encapsulation layer may be glass or transparent engineering plastic, such as poly. Ethylene terephthalate PET, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer ETFE, polymethyl methacrylate PMMA, polycarbonate PC, and the like. A transparent adhesive film layer is disposed between the upper encapsulating layer and the lower encapsulating layer, and the transparent adhesive film layer is generally selected from a polyvinyl butyral PVB film, an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer EVA, a polyolefin elastomer, and an organic layer. Silicon and so on. Said The solar cell is located in the film layer. Where the lower encapsulation layer is mechanically strong enough to support the sunroof motion mechanism, the black printing zone is disposed on the side (inner side) of the lower encapsulation layer facing the interior of the vehicle for bonding the metal bracket and the moving mechanism of the sunroof, otherwise A part of the black printing area is disposed on the inner side surface of the upper encapsulation layer, and is used for bonding the metal bracket and the movement mechanism of the sunroof, and the other part is disposed on the lower encapsulation layer for shielding the opaque battery, thereby forming a continuous appearance. Black printing area.

Preferably, the opaque battery is one of an IBC battery, a HIT battery, an MWT battery, a GaAs battery, and a CIGS battery, and has a thickness of 50 to 200 um.

Preferably, the substrate of the semi-transmissive thin film solar cell is an ultra-thin glass having a thickness of 200 to 700 um or a transparent polymer film having a thickness of 50 to 300 um; a transmittance of 380 to 1200 nm in the visible and near-infrared wavelength bands of the substrate is 80% or more; the substrate is sequentially a transparent conductive film, a photoelectric absorption conversion layer, and a transparent conductive film; the transparent conductive film has a visible light transmittance of more than 85%, and the material is tin-doped indium oxide ITO, aluminum-doped zinc oxide AZO , one of boron-doped zinc oxide BZO, gallium-doped zinc oxide GZO, fluorine-doped tin oxide FTO, conductive graphene; the photoelectric conversion layer is an amorphous silicon film, a microcrystalline silicon film, a copper indium gallium tin film, a bismuth One of a cadmium film, a fuel sensitizing material, and an organic polymer film; and a semi-transmissive thin film battery has a visible light transmittance of 5 to 30%.

Preferably, the upper encapsulation layer is a semi-tempered glass having a thickness of 1.5 to 5 mm, and a transmittance of visible light of 380 to 1200 nm is 90% or more; and the lower encapsulation layer is semi-tempered glass having a thickness of 1.5 to 2.5 mm; The black printing area uses a ceramic printing material.

Preferably, the width of the black ceramic printing area is 40-200 mm, the width of the opaque battery is less than the width of the ceramic printing area of 5-20 mm; and the cell of the opaque battery is passed in series or in parallel. The tinned braze strips are welded together, or the tinned copper strips are bonded by conductive silver paste, or connected in series or in parallel via conductive tape.

Preferably, the positive and negative electrodes of the opaque battery and the semi-transparent battery pass through the welded metal wire bus bar, respectively It is led out to the outside of the glass; the two batteries have the same voltage, and the positive and negative electrodes are connected in parallel through the bus bar.

The invention has the advantages that: 1. When the light is irradiated, a part of the light passes through the semi-transparent thin film battery and enters the interior of the automobile to ensure the light demand inside the automobile. 2. An opaque battery is added on the outer side of the original opaque black printed layer to increase the power generation of the solar cell, and the light transmission area is not reduced.

DRAWINGS

1 is a top plan view of a solar sunroof body according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the first embodiment of the A-A section of Figure 1;

Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a second embodiment of the A-A section of Figure 1;

Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the third embodiment of the A-A section of Figure 1.

Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a fourth embodiment of the A-A section of Figure 1.

detailed description

As shown in FIG. 1 : a hybrid solar sunroof comprising a solar sunroof body for mounting in an automobile roof mounting frame, a black printing zone 2 distributed along the edge of the solar sunroof body, the black printing zone The function is to provide a surface for bonding the moving parts of the sunroof; the solar cell body is provided with a solar cell. The solar cell sheet is composed of a semi-transmissive thin film battery 4 in the middle and an opaque battery 5 distributed around the semi-transmissive thin film battery 4, wherein the opaque battery 5 is located on the side of the black printing area 2 facing the outside of the vehicle. (outer side). The solar sunroof body includes a transparent upper encapsulation layer 3 and a lower encapsulation layer 1 , and a transparent adhesive film layer 6 is disposed between the upper encapsulation layer 3 and the lower encapsulation layer 1 ; the solar cell sheet is located on the adhesive film layer 6 The black printed area 2 is disposed on the inner side of the lower package layer 1.

The semi-transmissive thin film battery may be an amorphous silicon thin film battery formed on a transparent substrate, an amorphous silicon/microcrystalline silicon thin film battery, a cadmium telluride thin film battery, a copper indium gallium selenide thin film battery, an organic thin film battery, a dye For sensitized solar cells, etc., the transmittance is adjustable according to the thickness of the film or the surface coverage of the film in the light-transmitting region. The opaque battery It can be a crystalline silicon solar cell, a gallium arsenide single junction or a multi-junction solar cell that fully absorbs the full spectrum of sunlight.

The manufacturing process of the hybrid solar sunroof of the embodiment is as follows:

Preparation of S1 sunroof glass: Take a set of 2mm+2mm laminated car sunroof glass, measure the size of the transparent area and the size of the printed ceramic layer area, and replace the outer glass with a visible light transmittance of over 90%. White low-iron glass, the thickness is maintained at 2mm, the outer glass does not print ceramic area, and its appearance arc is consistent with the original skylight glass, in line with the shape of the car roof;

Production of S2 solar cells: The size of the semi-transmissive thin film battery and the opaque battery are designed according to the measured size.

The semi-transmissive thin film battery adopts 400um ultra-thin glass as the substrate, and the size of the ultra-thin glass is cut according to the size of the transparent area of the skylight, and each side extends 5-10mm than the area outside the light-transmitting area, and the ultra-thin glass The part outside the light-transmitting area is used to lay the electrode lead, and the lead wire is exposed to the light-transmitting area to affect the appearance of the product; BZO (boron-doped zinc oxide) film and amorphous silicon PIN structure are sequentially deposited on the ultra-thin glass substrate. , BZO (boron-doped zinc oxide) film, forming an amorphous silicon thin film battery structure, which is then passed through a 532 nm laser beam to burn the film in 10 to 30% of the coated region, thereby forming 10 to 30% of visible light. After that, the film is fired according to the regular line spacing, forming a strip-like pattern like a louver, and the pattern is natural, and the method is as in the patent CN 1723573A.

The opaque area is arranged with a series of high-efficiency single crystal silicon cells connected in series, the thickness of the single crystal silicon cell is 160-180 um, and the length and width of the cell are usually 125 mm or 156 mm, in order to match the opaque region. Width or length, it is necessary to cut the cell of this size, using pulse laser slicing method, so that the final cell width is 10 mm less than the width of the opaque region, which is used to meet the electrical insulation requirements of the packaged back edge.

S3 sunroof typesetting: as shown in Fig. 1, a layer of PVB is laid on 2mm glass which has been printed with edge ceramic layer; the integrated transparent film battery is arranged in the light transmitting area, and the cut battery piece is not penetrated along the skylight in series. The light areas are arranged, the edge of the battery is approximately 7-8 mm from the edge of the glass, and the battery and the battery are welded together by a tinned copper strip. The electrodes of the two batteries are led out to the outer edge of the glass by a tinned copper strip; a layer of PVB is placed over the solar cell, and a 2mm glass with a high transmittance is placed over it; note that the crystalline silicon cell is completely Placed in an opaque area to avoid exposure to the light-transmissive area and affect the appearance of the product;

S4 sunroof splicing: heating the solar cell sunroof of the typeset to a melting temperature of PVB film of about 140-150 degrees, vacuuming the air between the layers, and applying a pressure of 50-80Kpa, so that the PVB will melt. The above multilayer structure is bonded together. Usually, in order to ensure better reliability, it is also necessary to send the bonded sunroof to the autoclave for further pressurization of about 8 to 12 atmospheres while maintaining a heating temperature of about 140 degrees to make the PVB film sufficiently viscous. Connect the layers of material.

Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an embodiment, wherein 1 is a piece of laminated glass facing the inner side of the compartment, the periphery of which is screen-printed with an opaque ceramic layer 2; 3 is the outer side of the laminated glass facing the outside of the vehicle One piece, the piece of glass is ultra-white low-iron glass with a transmittance of more than 90% in visible light; 4 is a semi-transmissive thin film battery whose electrode 8 can face upward, as shown in Fig. 2, in this case the thin film battery As the top light receiving structure, that is, the side of the coating layer facing the sunlight, since the electrode lead wire of the battery is metallic color, it is required to cover the surface with black masking tape, and a uniform black appearance is seen from the outside of the vehicle. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 3, the electrode 8 faces downward, in which case the thin film battery is a bottom light receiving structure, that is, a side of the substrate that is irradiated toward sunlight. Such a structure, the electrode is naturally hidden under the battery, and no masking tape is needed; 5 is a high-efficiency opaque solar cell whose positive and negative electrodes can be distributed separately above the battery (the side illuminated by the sun) and below (the back side), as shown in Figures 2 and 3, in this case, in the battery The upper electrode must be covered with black masking tape to block the metallic color of the electrode, making it black all the way, to satisfy the aesthetic effect; all the electrodes can be placed under the battery (backlit surface), as shown in Figure 4. In this case, the electrode is naturally hidden behind the opaque solar cell, and the aesthetic effect can be achieved without any shielding.

In Figures 2, 3, and 4, 6 is a film layer for bonding solar cells and glass, and EVA, PVB, POE, TPO can be used. Or silicone, it is also possible to use a similar polymer adhesive film with high transparency in visible light; 7 is a packaging material for wrapping glass edges, which may be polyurethane (PU) edging formed by injection molding, or thermoplastic elastomer ( TPE), ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), etc.

The following is an example to illustrate the effect of the hybrid solar sunroof on the overall output power. Take a 825mm*638mm laminated glass sunroof, where the light-transmitting area is 650mm*456mm in the central part, and the remaining area is the opaque area of the black ceramic layer. If only translucent thin-film solar energy is used in the light-transmitting region, the maximum power output achieved in this region is only 27 W according to the visible light transmittance of 20% and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of 9%. Considering the power loss of the glass package of about 5%, The maximum output power is only 25W, and the blower of the vehicle can't be driven at this power; when a battery with a conversion efficiency of 20% of 52mm*26mm is arranged in a opaque ceramic layer, there are 76 batteries. The maximum output power that the string can provide is 21W. Considering the power loss of the glass package of about 5%, the sum of the maximum output power of the light-transmitting and opaque areas can reach 45W, which is 80% higher than that of the light-transmitting part alone. Under the power, the blower can work to achieve the effect of obvious ventilation and cooling.

1 and 3 in Figures 2, 3, and 4, in addition to glass, other engineering plastics having a visible light transmittance higher than 85%, such as PC (polycarbonate), PMMA (acrylic), etc., or two The composite structure of one or more materials, as a packaging material of a solar cell, and as a structural member of a sunroof of an automobile, needs to satisfy both mechanical strength, matching of expansion coefficients of various materials, and high transmittance of visible light.

When the lower encapsulation layer 1 cannot provide sufficient bonding strength, it is often the case that the lower encapsulation layer is a transparent engineering plastic such as PET or ETFE, and a part 2' of the black ceramic region may be disposed on the inner side of the upper encapsulation layer 3, For bonding the sunroof moving structure, another portion 2 is disposed on the inner side of the lower encapsulation layer 1 for shielding the opaque battery, as shown in FIG.

Claims

A hybrid solar sunroof comprising a solar sunroof body for mounting in an automobile roof mounting frame, a black printing zone (2) distributed along an edge of the solar sunroof body; solar energy is disposed in the solar sunroof body Cell,

The solar cell sheet is composed of one or more semi-transmissive thin film batteries (4) and an opaque battery (5) distributed around the thin film battery (4), wherein the opaque battery (5) ) located in the black printing zone (2).
The hybrid solar sunroof according to claim 1, wherein the solar sunroof body comprises a transparent upper encapsulation layer (3) and a lower encapsulation layer (1), the upper encapsulation layer (3) and the lower encapsulation layer A transparent film layer (6) is disposed between (1); the solar cell sheet is located in the film layer (6), and the black printing area (2) is disposed on the side of the lower package layer (1) facing the interior of the vehicle Above, the metal bracket and the moving mechanism for bonding the sunroof.
The hybrid solar sunroof according to claim 1, wherein a black printing area of the metal bracket and the moving mechanism for bonding the sunroof is disposed on the inner side surface of the upper encapsulation layer, and the remaining black printing area is disposed on the lower encapsulation layer. And forming a continuous black printing area on the appearance; except for the upper encapsulation layer, the other layer structures avoid the metal bracket and the moving mechanism adhered to the upper encapsulation layer.
The hybrid solar sunroof according to claim 2, wherein the opaque battery is one of an IBC battery, a HIT battery, an MWT battery, a GaAs battery, and a CIGS battery, and has a thickness of 50 to 200 um.
The hybrid solar sunroof according to claim 2, wherein the substrate of the semi-transmissive thin film solar cell is an ultra-thin glass having a thickness of 200 to 700 um or a transparent polymer film having a thickness of 50 to 300 um; The visible light and near-infrared wavelengths have a transmittance of 80% or more at a wavelength of 380 to 1200 nm; the substrate is sequentially a transparent conductive film, a photoelectric absorption conversion layer, and a transparent conductive film; and the transparent conductive film has a visible light transmittance of more than 85%. The material is one of tin-doped indium oxide ITO, aluminum-doped zinc oxide AZO, boron-doped zinc oxide BZO, gallium-doped zinc oxide GZO, fluorine-doped tin oxide FTO, conductive graphene; the photoelectric conversion layer is an amorphous silicon film, Microcrystalline silicon film, copper indium gallium One of a tin film, a cadmium telluride film, a fuel sensitizing material, and an organic polymer film; and a semi-transmissive thin film battery has a visible light transmittance of 5 to 30%.
The hybrid solar sunroof according to claim 2, wherein the upper encapsulation layer is a tempered or semi-tempered glass having a thickness of 1.5 to 5 mm, and a transmittance of visible light at a wavelength of 380 to 1200 nm is 90% or more; The lower encapsulation layer is tempered or semi-tempered glass having a thickness of 1.5 to 2.5 mm; and the black printing area is a ceramic printing material.
The hybrid solar sunroof according to claim 2, wherein the ceramic black printing area has a width of 40 to 200 mm, and the opaque battery has a cell width smaller than a black printing layer width of 5 to 20 mm; the opaque battery The cells are soldered together in a series or parallel manner by tinned copper strips, or by tinned copper strips by silver paste, or in series or in parallel via conductive tape.
The hybrid solar sunroof according to claim 2, wherein the positive and negative electrodes of the opaque battery and the semi-transparent battery are respectively led out to the outside of the glass through the welded metal wire bus bars; the two battery voltages are the same The positive and negative poles are connected in parallel through the bus bar.