CN104391276A - Transmit-receive split planar array phased-array radar antenna array and beam former - Google Patents
Transmit-receive split planar array phased-array radar antenna array and beam former Download PDFInfo
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- CN104391276A CN104391276A CN201410524176.7A CN201410524176A CN104391276A CN 104391276 A CN104391276 A CN 104391276A CN 201410524176 A CN201410524176 A CN 201410524176A CN 104391276 A CN104391276 A CN 104391276A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
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Abstract
The invention relates to a transmit-receive split planar array phased-array radar antenna array and a beam former. The method comprises designing and arranging antenna receiving arrays and transmitting arrays, connecting radar receiving assemblies with transmitting assemblies, designing beam formers of receiving large arrays and transmitting large arrays, and finally, forming synthesis scanning wave beams by use of the receiving large arrays and the transmitting large arrays, such that the problem of grid lobes generated during antenna scanning is overcome. The method is applied to low-cost design of an active phased-array radar, and is especially suitable for design of a multifunctional active phased-array radar which combines a mechanical scanning mode with an electrical scanning mode.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Radar Technology field, relate to a kind of bistatic planar array Phased Array Radar Antenna and structure the formation and Beam-former.
Background technology
The sweep velocity of bidimensional Phased Array Radar Antenna is fast, while search, can realize the multiobject tracking in large spatial domain.In order to realize, to the good tracking of target, often requiring higher angle measurement accuracy, this just needs to increase array aperture, and in order to meet the condition not producing graing lobe, active block number also increases pro rata.Massive phased array is complex structure not only, and cost is high, this severely limits the application of Active Phased Array Radar.
Aerial array is in order to reduce the mutual coupling between array element, and array element distance must meet certain constraint (being such as not less than a certain set-point), but often brings grating lobe problem, therefore, the non-homogeneous thinned arrays of normal employing, as document (Liu Jiangling, Wang little Mo. improve PSO algorithm comprehensively has the thinning array of interval constraint, microwave journal, 2010,26 (5), 7-10) etc., by optimized algorithm, carry out non-homogeneous structuring the formation, overcome grating lobe problem.Although thinned arrays can reduce the quantity of active block, and ensure effective antenna aperture, sacrifice the gain of antenna array.This array arrangement method, is generally used for the radar that frequency range is lower, as metre wave radar, decimeter wave radar and HF radar, for the Active Phased Array Radar of microwave region, seldom adopts.
Adopt the submatrix of dual-mode antenna one evenly to structure the formation form, under radar antenna aperture and the constant prerequisite of gain, the quantity of radar active assembly can be reduced, at present, in the design of Active Phased Array Radar.But usual submatrix spacing is less than 1 times of wavelength, active block reduces limited.Document (bear component etc. based on the optimum Antenna Subarray Division research of clustering algorithm, electronic letters, vol, 2011,39 (11), 2615-2621) etc., at radar receiving end to large-scale array partition submatrix, with reduce receive needed for port number and follow-up signal process operand, but the active block number of radar does not reduce.
Document (Zhang Shuai etc. the little battle array extrapolation of large planar array radiation pattern calculates and integrated approach, computational physics, 2011,28 (4), 554-560) etc., propose and put antenna non-homogeneous submatrix optimization arrangement method altogether, but, do not discuss with regard to electric scanning situation in literary composition, simply show antenna do not carry out electric scanning situation under antenna radiation pattern.
Summary of the invention
The technical matters solved
In order to avoid the deficiencies in the prior art part, the present invention proposes a kind of bistatic planar array Phased Array Radar Antenna and structures the formation and Beam-former,
Technical scheme
A kind of bistatic planar array Phased Array Radar Antenna is structured the formation, it is characterized in that: launching antenna array and receiving antenna array split, and launching antenna array and structuring the formation of receiving antenna array adopt the form of the even sparse arrangement of submatrix, each transmitting-receiving subassembly is directly connected with an antenna submatrix; Submatrix in described launching antenna array and receiving antenna array and submatrix interval are greater than more than 0.5 times of wavelength.
Described emitting antenna submatrix microstrip design, in submatrix, array element synthesizes a road output by microstrip line power divider network.
Described receiving antenna submatrix microstrip design, in submatrix, array element synthesizes a road output by microstrip line power divider network.
The transmitting utilizing described bistatic planar array Phased Array Radar Antenna to structure the formation, a receive beamformer method for designing, is characterized in that step is as follows:
Take aerial array as vertical placement, be placed on YOZ plane, wherein θ represents position angle,
represent the angle of pitch.For aspect battle array, array element coordinate is (0, kl, nl), and wherein l is array element distance, and when plane wave is propagated on the r of direction, r is unit vector, its coordinate
in certain time, the wave path-difference between initial point and the complex envelope of signal received in (m, n) individual array element is
Then phase shift is (2 π/λ) × d
m,n
Array manifold is
A＝(exp((j·2π/λ)×d
0),exp((j·2π/λ)×d
1),…,exp((j·2π/λ)×d
m,n))
T
The directional diagram of dual-mode antenna two-dimensional array is provided by following formula:
Transmitting and receiving submatrix wave beam divides comprise network to produce by microwave merit, directional diagram by
with
represent;
Multiple transmitting submatrix, by pumping signal phase shift, at space combination launching beam, can carry out orientation, the electricity of pitching specified angle sweeps, directional diagram by
represent.It is launch subarray patterns to be provided by following formula with the product launching large battle array directional diagram that launching antenna array closes directional diagram:
F
T(θ)＝F
T1(θ)·F
T2(θ)
Multiple reception submatrix, at receiving end formation of the digital multiple beam, carries out Wave beam forming according to formula below, directional diagram by
represent; Receiving and closing directional diagram is receive subarray patterns and the product receiving large battle array directional diagram
Synthesis receives, launching beam, drop on outside reception little Zhen major lobe of directional diagram district of gathering to the graing lobe that the large battle array directional diagram of the transmitting-receiving of the antenna of bistatic produces, reaching the object of closing directional diagram graing lobe and reducing, total directional diagram, is receive to close directional diagram and launch to close the product that directional diagram is both direction figure
Beneficial effect
A kind of bistatic planar array Phased Array Radar Antenna that the present invention proposes is structured the formation and Beam-former, comprise the design of antenna sending and receiving submatrix and arrangement, the connection of radar receiving unit and emitting module, receive large battle array to design with the Beam-former launching large battle array, finally, utilize the large battle array of reception to become scan synthesis wave beam with the large formation of transmitting, when overcoming antenna scanning, produce the problem of graing lobe.The method is applicable to the design of Active Phased Array Radar low cost, is particularly useful for the design of the multifunctional active phased-array radar that mechanical scanning mode combines with electric scanning mode.
The present invention is used for the method for array optimization arrangement in Active Phased Array Radar antenna electric scanning situation and Wave beam forming, each reception submatrix is identical, each transmitting submatrix is also identical, and the arrangement of submatrix is evenly equally spaced, active block reduces to less than 30%, and keeps aperture and the gain of the large battle array of densely covered arrangement.From looking into new situation, document is not also had to mention effective solution at present.
The present invention compared with prior art, has the following advantages:
1, replace oscillator by submatrix, take full advantage of antenna array aperture, make antenna gain maintain gain when source component gathers, component count reduces, but general power is constant, ensure that radar power is not suffered a loss on array arrangement.
2, component count reduces, and each assembly allocatable space increases, and greatly reduces than the Active Phased Array Radar design cost of same antenna aperture.
3, by rationally structuring the formation to antenna transmitting-receiving submatrix, with the design of Beam-former, when overcoming antenna scanning, produce the problem of graing lobe, but, the impact of wave beam electric scanning scope acceptor array beam width, usual electric scanning angle is swept little than the Active Phased Array Radar of gathering.
4, the mode of structuring the formation of sending and receiving antenna array separation, make this development of radar structure system flexible, radiating mode can, by air-cooled alternative liquid cooling mode, make structural design cost reduce, and reliability increases.
5, each transmitting submatrix is identical, and is equidistant arrangement.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that bistatic planar array Phased Array Radar Antenna of the present invention is structured the formation and Wave beam forming realizes block diagram
Fig. 2 is the process flow diagram of the invention process process
Fig. 3 is array geometry relation of the present invention
Fig. 4 sending and receiving submatrix of the present invention arrangement form
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram that the present invention launches the arrangement of submatrix oscillator and feeder line connection
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram that the present invention receives the arrangement of submatrix oscillator and feeder line connection
Fig. 7 is that emulation experiment of the present invention launches subarray patterns
Fig. 8 is that emulation experiment of the present invention launches large battle array directional diagram
Fig. 9 is that emulation experiment launching antenna array of the present invention closes directional diagram
Figure 10 is that emulation experiment of the present invention receives subarray patterns
Figure 11 is that emulation experiment of the present invention receives large a burst of directional diagram
Figure 12 is that emulation experiment receiving antenna array of the present invention (0 degree, orientation, pitching-15 is spent) closes directional diagram
Figure 13 is the conjunction directional diagram after emulation experiment radar transmit-receive antenna of the present invention scanning (0 degree, orientation, pitching-15 is spent)
Figure 14 is the conjunction directional diagram after emulation experiment radar transmit-receive antenna of the present invention scanning (orientation-20 is spent, pitching 0 degree)
embodiment
Now in conjunction with the embodiments, the invention will be further described for accompanying drawing:
The technical scheme of the embodiment of the present invention is: adopt launching antenna array and receiving antenna array to split, and the form adopting submatrix evenly to arrange of structuring the formation, submatrix and submatrix interval are greater than more than 0.5 times of wavelength, concrete relevant with array element number in submatrix, belong to sparse arrangement, each reception submatrix is gathered with array element in transmitting submatrix, λ/2, interval, and in order to overcome graing lobe impact, transmitting submatrix is different with the array element arrangement form in reception submatrix, transmitting, receiving unit adopt distributed frame, and each transmitting-receiving subassembly is directly connected with an antenna submatrix, through rational, layout is carried out to dual-mode antenna battle array above, pass through Beam-former, form launching beam and received beam, the directional diagram of whole antenna array is the conjunction directional diagram of transmitting pattern (comprise and launch large battle array and launch subarray patterns) and receiving pattern (comprise and receive large battle array and receive subarray patterns), adopt the arrangement mode of antenna array bistatic, by receipts of rationally arranging, send out the submatrix in antenna array, the graing lobe that transmitting-receiving large battle array directional diagram can be made to produce drops on outside densely covered subarray patterns main lobe district, conjunction directional diagram graing lobe can be made like this to reduce, that compound direction figure has narrow beam, the performance of Sidelobe and low graing lobe.Bistatic planar array Phased Array Radar Antenna is structured the formation and Wave beam forming realizes block diagram as shown in Figure 2.
Concrete steps are as follows:
1) arrangement of the large battle array of radar antenna
The arrangement mode that the arrangement of radar antenna large battle array adopts the large battle array of receiving antenna and the large battle array of emitting antenna to split, and the form adopting submatrix evenly to arrange of structuring the formation, submatrix and submatrix interval are greater than more than 0.5 times of wavelength, specifically determine according to array element number in submatrix, belong to sparse arrangement between submatrix.
2) determination of radar antenna submatrix scale and arrangement
The scale of radar transmit-receive array neutron battle array, with electric scanning scope, active block bare cloth rate and receive, occur that the combined factors such as the position of graing lobe are considered after launching antenna array bare cloth.The each reception submatrix of antenna submatrix is gathered with array element in transmitting submatrix, λ/2, interval, and in order to overcome graing lobe impact, transmitting submatrix is different with the array element arrangement form in reception submatrix; In each submatrix, array element synthesizes a road output by power splitter.
3) transmitting, receiving unit arrangement
Transmitting, receiving unit can adopt distributed frame, each transmitting-receiving subassembly is connected with an antenna submatrix blindmate mode, many compared with conventional active phased-array radar T/R component count, density is large, heat radiation difficulty, such assembly arrangement mode, make spatial joint clearance between assembly large, be convenient to heat radiation, for radar heat radiation can adopt wind-cooling heat dissipating to provide condition.
4) transmitting, receive beamformer design
As shown in Figure 3, be easy analysis, suppose that aerial array is vertical placement, namely array is placed on YOZ plane.Wherein θ represents position angle,
represent the angle of pitch.For aspect battle array, array element coordinate is (0, kl, nl), and wherein l is array element distance, consider a plane wave direction r (elevation angle and position angle be respectively θ and
direction) upper propagation, r is unit vector, its coordinate
in certain time.Wave path-difference between initial point and the complex envelope of signal received in (m, n) individual array element is
Then phase shift is (2 π/λ) × d
m,n
Array manifold is
A＝(exp((j·2π/λ)×d
0),exp((j·2π/λ)×d
1),…,exp((j·2π/λ)×d
m,n))
T(2)
The directional diagram of dual-mode antenna two-dimensional array is provided by following formula:
Transmitting and receiving submatrix wave beam divides comprise network to produce by microwave merit, directional diagram by
with
represent.
Multiple transmitting submatrix, by pumping signal phase shift, at space combination launching beam, can carry out orientation, the electricity of pitching specified angle sweeps, directional diagram by
represent.It is launch subarray patterns to be provided by following formula with the product launching large battle array directional diagram that launching antenna array closes directional diagram:
F
T(θ)＝F
T1(θ)·F
T2(θ) (4)
Multiple reception submatrix, at receiving end formation of the digital multiple beam, carries out Wave beam forming according to formula below, directional diagram by
represent.Receiving and closing directional diagram is receive subarray patterns and the product receiving large battle array directional diagram
5) synthesis reception, launching beam, drop on outside reception little Zhen major lobe of directional diagram district of gathering to the graing lobe that the large battle array directional diagram of the transmitting-receiving of the antenna of bistatic produces, reach the object of closing directional diagram graing lobe and reducing, total directional diagram receives to close directional diagram and launch to close the product that directional diagram is both direction figure
Specific embodiment:
S-band two dimension Active Phased Array Radar is designed, according to Fig. 2, radar antenna adopts bistatic front form, launch large battle array and comprise 32 transmitting submatrixs, according to 4 row 8 row proportional spacing arrangements, be positioned at below antenna array, receive large battle array and comprise 32 reception submatrixs, according to 4 row 8 row proportional spacing arrangements, be positioned at above antenna array.
With reference to Fig. 4, in transmitting-receiving submatrix, array element number is different with arrangement mode, and wherein, launch submatrix totally 9 array elements, adopt 3 × 3 arrangement modes, array element distance 0.048m, 40 degree, beam angle orientation, bows 40 degree; Receive submatrix totally 8 array elements, adopt 2 × 4 arrangement modes, array element distance 0.048m, 2 × 4 (beam angle, 50 degree, orientation, pitching 25 degree) submatrix.
With reference to Fig. 5, emitting antenna submatrix microstrip design, array element 3 × 3 is arranged, and in submatrix, array element synthesizes a road output by microstrip line power divider network.
With reference to Fig. 6, receiving antenna submatrix microstrip design, array element 2 × 4 is arranged, and in submatrix, array element synthesizes a road output by microstrip line power divider network.
Transmitting, the large battle array of receiving antenna are estimated as follows according to experimental formula below:
G＝3+10×log10(32×8)
Dual-mode antenna gain is all greater than 27dB, transmitting-receiving subassembly 32+32=64 altogether.According to the phased-array radar that this index Design dual-mode antenna is put altogether, need 272 T/R assemblies, adopt Active Phased Array Radar face battle array to adopt the structure the formation component count of mode of the present invention to be that conventional array element is gathered 23.5% of required component number.Grating lobe suppression situation when the design of paper Beam-former below reduces radar antenna spot scan.
Adopt dual-mode antenna battle array to split, and adopt the submatrix of transmitting-receiving different directions figure, mainly in order to overcome the graing lobe due to large battle array bare cloth formation when electricity is swept.Large battle array bare cloth angular resolution is very high, but have graing lobe, by reasonably carrying out layout to dual-mode antenna battle array, the graing lobe making large battle array directional diagram produce drops on to gather and receives outside little Zhen major lobe of directional diagram district, receive later transmitting and close the product that directional diagram is both direction figure, as shown in Equation 6.Conjunction directional diagram graing lobe can be made like this to reduce, there is the performance of narrow beam and low graing lobe.Even like this, submatrix has directivity, but, submatrix beam angle limits the sweep limit of the large battle array of bare cloth, therefore, adopts transmitting-receiving bare cloth submatrix, and transmitting-receiving submatrix differs in size, staggering in position transmitting-receiving being formed graing lobe during wave beam, again carries out transmit-receive position figure synthesis, reduces graing lobe and force down secondary lobe.Like this, can ensure that orientation is swept mutually within the scope of ± 20 degree, pitching is swept mutually within the scope of ± 15 degree.
Sweep pitching mutually for checking inventive antenna battle array and cover ± 20 °, orientation covers the performance of ± 20 °, We conducted emulation experiment.With reference to Fig. 7, being launch subarray patterns simulation result, with reference to Fig. 8, is launch large battle array Direction Pattern Simulation result, with reference to Fig. 9, is launch submatrix, by pumping signal phase shift, at the simulation result of space combination launching beam.With reference to Figure 10, being reception subarray patterns simulation result, with reference to Figure 11, is receive large battle array Direction Pattern Simulation result, with reference to Figure 12, is receive submatrix and receive the simulation result that large battle array closes directional diagram.
With reference to Figure 13, we are 0 degree, orientation to scanning angle, and pitching-15 degree emulates, and shown in comparison diagram 9, Figure 12 and Figure 13, by sending and receiving compound direction figure, Figure 13 directional diagram secondary lobe and graing lobe reduce greatly.
With reference to Figure 14, we are scanning angle to scanning angle is that azimuth direction-20 is spent, and pitching 0 degree emulates, and as shown in figure 14, by sending and receiving compound direction figure, secondary lobe and graing lobe reduce greatly.
Claims (4)
1. a bistatic planar array Phased Array Radar Antenna is structured the formation, it is characterized in that: launching antenna array and receiving antenna array split, and launching antenna array and structuring the formation of receiving antenna array adopt the form of the even sparse arrangement of submatrix, each transmitting-receiving subassembly is directly connected with an antenna submatrix; Submatrix in described launching antenna array and receiving antenna array and submatrix interval are greater than more than 0.5 times of wavelength.
2. bistatic planar array Phased Array Radar Antenna is structured the formation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described emitting antenna submatrix microstrip design, and in submatrix, array element synthesizes a road output by microstrip line power divider network.
3. bistatic planar array Phased Array Radar Antenna is structured the formation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described receiving antenna submatrix microstrip design, and in submatrix, array element synthesizes a road output by microstrip line power divider network.
4. utilize transmitting that described in claim 1 ~ 3, any one bistatic planar array Phased Array Radar Antenna is structured the formation, a receive beamformer method for designing, it is characterized in that step is as follows:
Take aerial array as vertical placement, be placed on YOZ plane, wherein θ represents position angle,
represent the angle of pitch.For aspect battle array, array element coordinate is (0, kl, nl), and wherein l is array element distance, and when plane wave is propagated on the r of direction, r is unit vector, its coordinate
in certain time, the wave path-difference between initial point and the complex envelope of signal received in (m, n) individual array element is
Then phase shift is (2 π/λ) × d
m,n
Array manifold is
A＝(exp((j·2π/λ)×d
0),exp((j·2π/λ)×d
1),…,exp((j·2π/λ)×d
m,n))
T
The directional diagram of dual-mode antenna two-dimensional array is provided by following formula:
Transmitting and receiving submatrix wave beam divides comprise network to produce by microwave merit, directional diagram by
with
represent;
Multiple transmitting submatrix, by pumping signal phase shift, at space combination launching beam, can carry out orientation, the electricity of pitching specified angle sweeps, directional diagram by
represent.It is launch subarray patterns to be provided by following formula with the product launching large battle array directional diagram that launching antenna array closes directional diagram:
F
T(θ)＝F
T1(θ)·F
T2(θ)
Multiple reception submatrix, at receiving end formation of the digital multiple beam, carries out Wave beam forming according to formula below, directional diagram by
represent; Receiving and closing directional diagram is receive subarray patterns and the product receiving large battle array directional diagram
Synthesis receives, launching beam, drop on outside reception little Zhen major lobe of directional diagram district of gathering to the graing lobe that the large battle array directional diagram of the transmitting-receiving of the antenna of bistatic produces, reaching the object of closing directional diagram graing lobe and reducing, total directional diagram, is receive to close directional diagram and launch to close the product that directional diagram is both direction figure
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