CN103022726A - Full-airspace-covering beamforming phased array antenna (PAA) - Google Patents
Full-airspace-covering beamforming phased array antenna (PAA) Download PDFInfo
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- CN103022726A CN103022726A CN2012105278743A CN201210527874A CN103022726A CN 103022726 A CN103022726 A CN 103022726A CN 2012105278743 A CN2012105278743 A CN 2012105278743A CN 201210527874 A CN201210527874 A CN 201210527874A CN 103022726 A CN103022726 A CN 103022726A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a full-airspace-covering beamforming PAA for aircraft target tracking and measurement and control. The PAA comprises a passive array surface (1), a beam forming network, a beam controller (5), a calibration network (6), a secondary power supply (7) and a support structure (9), wherein the passive array surface (1) is composed of a plurality of antenna array elements; the beam forming network is formed by a beamforming network (2), an R assembly (3) and a beam synthetic network (4); the beam controller (5) is used for generating beam-controlled codes, the calibration network (6) is used for calibrating each access amplitude, the secondary power supply (7) is used for supplying power for an active circuit, and the support structure (9) is used for installation and fixation. According to the PAA, a one-dimensional forming and one-dimensional cone frustum PAA scanning mode is adopted, cosecant square beams with the highest gains horizontally are formed in the array direction through the beamforming network, coverage ranging from 0 degree to 90 degrees in the pitching direction is achieved, coverage at 360 degrees is achieved circumferentially through phased array beam scanning, and independent multiple beams are formed through multi-channel phase shift and beam synthesis to solve the multi-target tracking problem.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to aircraft target following and measurement and control area, particularly a kind of spatial domain scope that needs to cover 0 °～90 ° at the elevation angle, 360 ° in orientation, and realization is the reception antenna of multiple target tracking simultaneously.
Background technology
When carrying out the multiobject tracking of aircraft and observing and controlling, the ground control station reception antenna needs simultaneously a plurality of independently high-gain wave beams to cover the spatial domain scope in 0 °～90 ° at the elevation angle, 360 ° in orientation, and namely hemisphere covers.Adopting orientation, pitching two-dimensional scan phase array is the most natural implementation, but the general maximum scan angle of common plane two-dimensional scan phased array antenna be no more than ± 60 °, therefore must adopt many plane surfaces (pyramid) or the conformal array of curved surface.But the shortcoming of this kind implementation is: two-dimensional scan needs a large amount of radiating elements, and each radiating element all need be furnished with corresponding R assembly, causes that the R component count is many, cost is high, power consumption is large.Research according to pertinent literature, in planar array, polygonal pyramid, curved surface battle array, polygonal pyramid is minimum to the utilance of effective area, that is to say, in order in identical scan angle scope, to have suitable gain level, polygonal pyramid needs larger area, more radiating element, so cost performance is minimum.And the curved surface conformal arrays such as hemisphere face, ellipsoid or parabola, since the characteristic distributions of its radiating element, ripple control code calculation procedure more complicated, and design difficulty is large, and can't synthesize easily difference beam.
In fact when carrying out targeted scans and following the tracks of, system is to the gain of antenna and do not require that 0 °～90 ° all have higher gain at the elevation angle.In order to realize that hanging down the elevation angle detects at a distance, often require the gain of antenna and the elevation angle to be the cosecant quadratic relationship, therefore, can be designed to the highest cosecant square wave beam of horizontal direction gain in the antenna pitching direction, realize 0 °～90 ° coverings in the elevation angle.
Present stage, common cosecant-squared antenna generally adopted biasing shaped-beam reflector antenna, but the shaped-beam reflector antenna can only form cosecant square wave beam at pitching face, azimuth plane is still narrow beam, reaching multiple target follows the tracks of and observing and controlling simultaneously, then need a plurality of reflector antennas, and carry out mechanical scanning at azimuth plane.So, then the sweep speed of antenna, volume, weight, cost, complexity all are the problems that must consider.
Therefore, design a kind of height that gains, sweep speed fast, can realize simultaneous multiple beams, the antenna that cost is low, power consumption is little, be a crucial difficult problem that solves multiple target tracking and observing and controlling.
Summary of the invention
Technology of the present invention is dealt with problems and is: overcome the prior art deficiency, provide a kind of multi-beam, cost is low, power consumption is little, can realize that the full spatial domain of rapid scanning and multiple target tracking covers the wave beam forming phased array antenna.
Technical solution of the present invention is: full spatial domain covers the wave beam forming phased array antenna, comprise the passive antenna front that formed by some bays, wave beam forming network, R assembly, beam forming network and for generation of the beam-controller of ripple control code, be used for each path calibration of amplitude and phase calibration network, be used for the secondary power supply of active circuit power supply and for the supporting construction that installs and fixes; Described antenna array adopts frustum of a cone array, is column direction along the cone generatrices direction, is line direction circumferentially along cone, equidistantly arranges at column direction, and each classifies a submatrix as, and uniformly-spaced arrange at the angle in the row direction; Each bay wave beam forming network using corresponding with it back-to-back mode installed; Adopt radio frequency cable to connect between wave beam forming network, R assembly, beam forming network and the calibration network; Beam-controller externally carries out two-way communication by communication interface and detection and control terminal, internally by the TTL interface ripple control code is converted into power output and the phase shift that drive level is controlled each R assembly.
The radome that has a usefulness electromagnetic wave transparent material to process in described antenna outside.
The multiple feed electricity electric current that the network based shaped-beam synthesis of described wave beam forming calculates is finished row submatrix array element feed, and the cosecant square wave beam of synthetic pitch orientation is realized 0 °～90 ° coverings of pitch orientation.
The ripple control code that described R assembly and beam forming network produce according to beam-controller carries out power amplification, phase shift and wave beam to selected row submatrix signal and synthesizes, and forms the scanning beam that week makes progress, and realizes 360 ° of coverings of azimuth plane.
R assembly corresponding to described each submatrix divides by the constant amplitude merit and can generate the multichannel independent signal and carry out respectively phase shift, enters separately corresponding beam forming network, a plurality ofly independently realizes multiple target tracking with difference beam thereby generate.
The coupler that the calibrating signal that described calibration network sends detection and control terminal carries out including by R assembly front end after constant amplitude homophase merit is divided is coupled into and respectively receives path, provides path width of cloth phase information to detection and control terminal, as the foundation of path calibration of amplitude and phase.
The present invention's advantage compared with prior art is:
1. the present invention adopts the form of one dimension figuration, one-dimensional scanning frustum of a cone phased array antenna, form the highest cosecant square wave beam of horizontal direction gain at column direction by the wave beam forming network, realize 0 °～90 ° coverings of pitch orientation, realize 360 ° of coverings of azimuth plane in circumferential direction by phased array beam scanning; Solve the multiple target tracking problem by multipath phase shift and the independent multi-beam of the synthetic formation of wave beam.
2. the present invention is owing to be fixing shaped-beam in pitch orientation, only in azimuth plane, make one-dimensional scanning, therefore only need a row submatrix to be equipped with a R assembly, be equipped with a R assembly and need not each radiating element, so that the usage quantity of R assembly greatly reduces, reduced complexity and the cost of system.
3. the present invention forms cosecant square wave beam in pitch orientation by wave beam forming, and the maximum gain of antenna is pointed near the horizontal direction, and along with the rising at the elevation angle, gain progressively descends, and meets the actual operation requirements of target following and observing and controlling fully.
4. the present invention realizes wave beam continuous sweep in circumferential direction by phased-array technique, and the far-field phase fluctuation is very little, satisfies the requirement of target Continuous Tracking.
5. the present invention carries out the constant amplitude merit by the R assembly that each submatrix is corresponding and divides and generate the multichannel independent signal and carry out respectively phase shift, synthetic a plurality of independent scannings and difference beams, in the situation that shares the common antenna bore, realized multiple target tracking.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is antenna overall structure schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the oblique view that antenna of the present invention does not contain radome;
Fig. 3 is the vertical view that antenna of the present invention does not contain radome;
Fig. 4 is phased array antenna theory diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is circle active region schematic diagram;
Fig. 6 is circle coordinate system schematic diagram;
Fig. 7 is azimuth plane beam scanning schematic diagram.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Shown in Fig. 1,2,3,4, full spatial domain of the present invention covers the wave beam forming phased array antenna, comprises passive antenna front 1, wave beam forming network 2, R assembly 3, beam forming network 4, beam-controller 5, calibration network 6 and secondary power supply 7; One radome 8 that adopts electromagnetic wave transparent material to process, the damage of avoiding antenna may cause under various adverse circumstances are arranged in the antenna outside; Each parts is installed on the supporting construction 9, integrated design.
Each row submatrix wave beam forming network 2 corresponding with it adopts back-to-back mode to install; Adopt radio frequency cable to connect between wave beam forming network 2, R assembly 3, beam forming network 4 and the calibration network 6; Beam-controller 5 externally carries out two-way communication by communication interface and detection and control terminal, internally by the TTL interface ripple control code is converted into power output and the phase shift that drive level is controlled each R assembly 3.
Relate to two kinds of array design methodologies among the present invention: shaped-beam design and conformal Array Design.On column direction, each submatrix forms the highest cosecant square wave beam of horizontal direction gain by wave beam forming network 2, realizes 0 °～90 ° coverings of pitch orientation; In circumferential direction, the ripple control code that R assembly 3 and beam forming network 4 produce according to beam-controller 5 carries out power amplification, phase shift and wave beam to selected row submatrix signal and synthesizes, and forms the scanning beam that week makes progress, and realizes that 360 ° of wave beams of azimuth plane cover.
Phased array antenna of the present invention adopts the shaped-beam design in pitch orientation, utilize the Woodward_Sample synthesis to calculate the multiple feed electricity electric current initial value of each array element, the mode of utilizing simulation software and optimizer to combine, realize the repeatedly iteration of design of Simulation, multiple feed electricity electric current to each array element is continued to optimize, is revised, and can obtain to approach the directional diagram of index demand.
Because need to cover 0 °～90 ° of pitching, beam area is wider, array number N
0Inadvisable too greatly, in order to avoid beam area is narrow; But can not obtain too littlely, otherwise can't reach desirable figuration effect.In the situation of identical array element quantity, array element distance is less, and synthetic beamwidth is wider, but array element distance also can not be too small, in order to avoid the mutual coupling existing between elements impact is too large, causes antenna performance to reduce, and generally gets d 〉=0.5 λ.In the present embodiment, column direction N
0Adopt 8 array elements, spacing d is 0.52 λ, and the frustum of a cone cone angle that forms is 16 °, so both can guarantee maximum beam position near 0 ° at the elevation angle, and it is only low to take into account again the 90 ° of gains in the elevation angle, thereby covers 0 °～90 ° scopes of pitching.
Phased array antenna of the present invention adopts conformal Array Design at azimuth plane, can be considered with angle uniformly-spaced
Be arranged in radius and be the M on the circle of a (a is equivalent redius)
0The circle that individual submatrix forms, as shown in Figure 5, its coordinate system as shown in Figure 6.During beam scanning, only have the unit in the active region that gain is had contribution, the size of active region is required to determine by system gain.In the certain situation of bore, suitably reduce array number (corresponding angular interval
Larger) can reduce cost, graing lobe does not appear but prerequisite is compound direction figure.M
0Individual submatrix can be divided into M with 360 ° of spatial domains of azimuth plane
0Individual sub-spatial domain, every sub-spatial domain comprises
Scope.According to system gain and beamwidth requirement, can determine the size of antenna effective area, and then choose suitable submatrix and count M
0, determine angular interval
The pattern function of circle is
In the formula, I
mExp (j ψ
m) be the multiple feed electricity electric current of m array element; K is propagation constant, and a is the radius of ball;
Be the angle position of m array element on annulus.When the wave beam maximum is oriented to (θ
0,
The time, the phase place of array element electric current should be
In the present invention, azimuth plane is total to M
0=45 submatrixs, angular interval are 8 °, frustum lower surface diameter 8.62 λ, upper surface diameter 7.44 λ, high 4.15 λ of platform.The beam scanning schematic diagram is seen Fig. 7, and 360 ° of spatial domains of azimuth plane are divided into 45 sub-spatial domains, and every sub-spatial domain comprises 8 ° scope.Every sub-spatial domain is covered by a wave beam, and this wave beam is synthetic by 12 row submatrixs, and utilization sweeps principle mutually ± 4 ° scope interscan, thereby covers 8 ° spatial domain scope.Whole spatial domain is covered by 45 wave beams, and the conversion between the wave beam is by selecting the different lines submatrix to realize.For instance, row submatrix 1～12 forms the wave beam 1 that points to 0 ° in orientation, utilizes and sweeps mutually principle, and wave beam 1 can scan in ± 4 ° scope; Row submatrix 2～13 forms the wave beam 2 that points to 8 ° in orientation, utilize and sweep mutually principle, wave beam 2 can scan in 4 °～12 ° scope, wave beam 1,2 coverage are overlapping, can not occur because of the excessive situation that causes signal interruption of antenna gain saltus step, in the time of can guaranteeing simultaneously to be transformed into wave beam 2 by wave beam 1, the observing and controlling demand is satisfied in the carrier phase saltus step that receives signal.When the target continuous moving, utilize the rapid switch operating row of switch submatrix, the wave beam of antenna can move to required sensing place continuously, rapidly.This function of antenna is finished jointly by R assembly 3, beam forming network 4 and beam-controller 5.
The workflow that the full spatial domain of the present invention covers the wave beam forming phased array antenna is: unknown object come to situation under, phased array antenna works in search pattern, this moment is output and wave beam only, phase array is by finishing the switching of 45 wave beams, can finish the search in whole spatial domain, judge the sub-spatial domain at target place.Antenna changes tracing mode over to afterwards, this moment output and, poor single channel modulation signal, detection and control terminal is according to the polarity of error signal and the off-axis angle that urines and calculate target, with result feedback to beam-controller, beam-controller calculate corresponding ripple control code constantly adjust the beam position target of antenna come to, finish Continuous Tracking.
Above content is the detailed description of the present invention being done in conjunction with concrete preferred case study on implementation, can not assert that implementation of the present invention only limits to these explanations.For those skilled in the art of the present invention; without departing from the inventive concept of the premise; in the situation that does not change its function, the equivalent transformation that carries out or alternative also falls into protection scope of the present invention to each building block of the present invention, position relationship and connected mode.
The undocumented technology of the present invention belongs to techniques well known.
Claims (6)
1. full spatial domain covers the wave beam forming phased array antenna, it is characterized in that: comprise the passive antenna front (1) that formed by some bays, wave beam forming network (2), R assembly (3), beam forming network (4) and for generation of the beam-controller (5) of ripple control code, be used for each path calibration of amplitude and phase calibration network (6), be used for the secondary power supply (7) of active circuit power supply and for the supporting construction (9) that installs and fixes; Described antenna array (1) adopts frustum of a cone array, is column direction along the cone generatrices direction, is line direction circumferentially along cone, equidistantly arranges at column direction, and each classifies a submatrix as, and uniformly-spaced arrange at the angle in the row direction; The wave beam forming network (2) that each bay is corresponding with it adopts back-to-back mode to install; Adopt radio frequency cable to connect between wave beam forming network (2), R assembly (3), beam forming network (4) and the calibration network (6); Beam-controller (5) externally carries out two-way communication by communication interface and detection and control terminal, internally by the TTL interface ripple control code is converted into power output and the phase shift that drive level is controlled each R assembly (3).
2. according to claim 1 full spatial domain covers the wave beam forming phased array antenna, it is characterized in that: the radome (8) that has a usefulness electromagnetic wave transparent material to process in described antenna outside.
3. according to claim 1 full spatial domain covers the wave beam forming phased array antenna, it is characterized in that: described wave beam forming network (2) is finished row submatrix array element feed according to the multiple feed electricity electric current that the shaped-beam synthesis calculates, the cosecant square wave beam of synthetic pitch orientation is realized 0 °～90 ° coverings of pitch orientation.
4. according to claim 1 full spatial domain covers the wave beam forming phased array antenna, it is characterized in that: the ripple control code that described R assembly (3) and beam forming network (4) produce according to beam-controller (5) carries out power amplification, phase shift and wave beam to selected row submatrix signal and synthesizes, form the scanning beam that week makes progress, realize 360 ° of coverings of azimuth plane.
5. according to claim 5 full spatial domain covers the wave beam forming phased array antenna, it is characterized in that: R assembly (3) corresponding to described each submatrix divides by the constant amplitude merit and can generate the multichannel independent signal and carry out respectively phase shift, enter separately corresponding beam forming network (4), a plurality ofly independently realize multiple target tracking with difference beam thereby generate.
6. according to claim 1 full spatial domain covers the wave beam forming phased array antenna, it is characterized in that: the coupler that the calibrating signal that described calibration network (6) sends detection and control terminal carries out including by R assembly (3) front end after constant amplitude homophase merit is divided is coupled into and respectively receives path, provide path width of cloth phase information to detection and control terminal, as the foundation of path calibration of amplitude and phase.
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