CN104390288A - 全热回收转轮和除湿转轮结合的双转轮新风处理机组 - Google Patents

全热回收转轮和除湿转轮结合的双转轮新风处理机组 Download PDF

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CN104390288A
CN104390288A CN201410569332.1A CN201410569332A CN104390288A CN 104390288 A CN104390288 A CN 104390288A CN 201410569332 A CN201410569332 A CN 201410569332A CN 104390288 A CN104390288 A CN 104390288A
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CN104390288B (zh
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涂壤
曲世琳
刘兰斌
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University of Science and Technology Beijing USTB
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
    • F24F3/12—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling
    • F24F3/14—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification
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    • F24F3/1423—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification by absorbing or adsorbing water, e.g. using an hygroscopic desiccant with a moving bed of solid desiccants, e.g. a rotary wheel supporting solid desiccants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
    • F24F3/12—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling
    • F24F3/14—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification
    • F24F3/1411—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification by absorbing or adsorbing water, e.g. using an hygroscopic desiccant
    • F24F3/1429—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification by absorbing or adsorbing water, e.g. using an hygroscopic desiccant alternatively operating a heat exchanger in an absorbing/adsorbing mode and a heat exchanger in a regeneration mode
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
    • F24F3/12—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling
    • F24F3/14—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification
    • F24F3/147—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification with both heat and humidity transfer between supplied and exhausted air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
    • F24F3/12—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling
    • F24F3/14—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification
    • F24F3/153—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification with subsequent heating, i.e. with the air, given the required humidity in the central station, passing a heating element to achieve the required temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
    • F24F3/12—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling
    • F24F3/14—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification
    • F24F2003/1458—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification using regenerators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2203/00—Devices or apparatus used for air treatment
    • F24F2203/10—Rotary wheel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2221/00—Details or features not otherwise provided for
    • F24F2221/52—Weather protecting means, e.g. against wind, rain or snow

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Abstract

本发明属于暖通空调领域，尤其涉及一种全热回收转轮和除湿转轮结合的双转轮新风处理机组。由多层通道组成，可对新风进行除湿和降温，利用具有吸湿性能的固体吸附剂为除湿介质，以蜂窝状转轮为载体对新风进行全热回收和除湿，由于转轮具有较大的比表面积，因而装置体积可以降低，并具有较优的除湿和全热回收性能；全热回收转轮的使用可以降低主动冷热源的冷热量投入，从而降低新风处理过程中的能耗。该装置可实现高温冷源冷却和低温热源加热，因而可采用太阳能、热泵系统、高温冷机冷水等高效冷热源驱动。综上所述，本系统可在夏季实现高效的新风除湿冷却过程。

Description

全热回收转轮和除湿转轮结合的双转轮新风处理机组
技术领域
本发明属于暖通空调领域，尤其涉及一种全热回收转轮和除湿转轮结合的双转轮新风处理机组。
背景技术
在建筑热湿环境控制的过程中，新风的引入可有效去除室内污染物质、提高室内空气品质。但新风量增加的同时会带来空调系统能耗的增加。因此在提高室内空气品质的同时降低新风处理能耗是建筑节能的重要问题。高效的除湿方式以及全热回收的使用在降低新风处理能耗方面效果显著。
常用的冷凝除湿方式存在能耗较高、潮湿表面滋生细菌的缺点。溶液除湿和固体除湿方式在除湿过程中无冷凝水，满足室内空气品质的需求。对于溶液除湿机组，由于溶液的流动性，其控制效果比较理想，但存在腐蚀等问题；对于固体除湿机组如除湿转轮和全热回收转轮，其利用硅胶、分子筛等固体吸湿剂的吸附性，对空气进行除湿，本身不具有腐蚀性，且除湿和全热回收效果很好，从而被广泛用于公共建筑的空调系统中。但是除湿转轮存在再生温度高的缺点，降低再生温度并采用高效热源和冷却系统可有效提高系统性能。
发明内容
本发明为一种将全热回收转轮和除湿转轮结合使用的双转轮新风处理装置。采用全热回收转轮可降低除湿转轮的新风负荷，同时通过预冷降低除湿转轮的再生温度和对热源温度的需求，系统可采用高温冷源和低温热源驱动，如热泵系统、太阳能热水、自然冷源和高温冷机冷水等，从而提高系统性能。
一种全热回收和除湿结合的双转轮新风处理机组，由多层通道组成，可对新风进行除湿和降温。
进一步地，由两层通道组成，分别为上层通道及下层通道。
进一步地，所述上层通道由新风区、除湿区及冷却装置组成，所述下层通道由回风区、再生区及加热装置组成。
进一步地，所述新风区及回风区设有全热回收转轮；所述除湿区及再生区设有除湿转轮。
进一步地，所述上、下层通道之间通过设置隔板隔开。
进一步地，由三层通道组成，分别为上层通道、中层通道及下层通道。
进一步地，所述上层通道由再生区及加热装置组成，所述中层通道由新风区、除湿区及冷却装置组成，所述下层通道由回风区组成。
进一步地，所述新风区及回风区设置全热回收转轮；所述再生区及除湿区设置除湿转轮。
进一步地，所述上、中、下层通道之间通过设置隔板隔开。
进一步地，所述机组还连接冷、热源，其中热源通过加热装置加热再生空气，冷源通过冷却装置对被除湿空气进行降温；采用热泵系统驱动时，冷却装置为热泵系统蒸发器，加热装置为热泵系统冷凝器。
具有上、下两层通道新风处理机组的工作过程如下：
室外新风（Pin）和室内回风（Rin）先在全热回收转轮1中进行全热交换，新风被处理至P1，回风被处理至R1,；P1点的新风经过冷却装置3后被降温，然后在除湿转轮2中被除湿加热至P2；P2点的新风被另一冷却装置3等湿降温至送风状态Pout。R1点的回风首先在加热装置4中被等湿加热到所需的再生温度（R2）；对于图1，R2点的回风对除湿转轮2进行再生后，被降温加湿至Rout，最后被排出室外；对于图2，R2点的回风对除湿转轮2进行再生，并被降温加湿至R3后，再和另一加热装置4（冷凝器）进行热交换，排除热泵多余热量后，被排出室外（Rout）。如图1和图2所示，系统中共有三个风机5，其中一个位于新风侧的送风口处，用于驱动新风在新风通道中流经各个部件；由于回风在流动过程中需要多次改变流向，阻力较大，因此回风侧设置两个风机，分别位于底层回风风道和机组侧面的排风口处。
具有上、中、下三层通道的新风处理机组的工作过程如下：
室外新风1（Pin）和室内回风（Rin）先在全热回收转轮1中进行全热交换，新风被处理至P1，回风被处理至Rout后排出（排风1）；P1点的新风流经冷却装置3后被降温，然后在除湿转轮2中被除湿加热至P2；最后P2点的新风被另一冷却装置3等湿降温至送风状态Pout。室外新风2（P’in）首先在加热装置4中被等湿加热至所需的再生温度（P’1）；对于图3，P’1点的新风对除湿转轮2进行再生后，被降温加湿至P’out后排出（排风2）；对于图4，P’1点的新风对除湿转轮2进行再生，被降温加湿至P’2后，和另一加热装置4（冷凝器）进行热交换，排除热泵余热后，被排出室外（P’out）。如图3和图4所示，系统中共有三个风机5，其中一个位于被处理空气侧，驱动用于除湿的新风在被处理空气通道中流经各个部件；另一个位于回风侧，驱动回风在回风通道中流经全热回收转轮；最后一个位于再生空气侧，驱动用于再生的新风在再生通道中流经各个部件。
本新风机组利用具有吸湿性能的固体吸附剂为除湿介质，以蜂窝状转轮为载体对新风进行全热回收和除湿，由于转轮具有较大的比表面积，因而装置体积可以降低，并具有较优的除湿和全热回收性能；全热回收转轮的使用可以降低主动冷热源的冷热量投入，从而降低新风处理过程中的能耗。由于冷源主要用于降温，没有除湿任务，因而冷源温度升高，可如图5所示采用自然冷源或高温冷机的冷水对除湿空气进行冷却（图1和图3中的冷却装置3），或如图7所示采用热泵系统的蒸发器对除湿空气进行冷却（图2和图4中的冷却装置3）；同时除湿转轮只承担了一部分的除湿量，且除湿前新风经过冷却装置3降温，因而所需再生温度降低，可采用如图6所示的太阳能（图1和图3中的加热装置4）或如图7所示的热泵冷凝器（图2和图4中的加热装置4）等低温热源进行加热。高温冷却低温加热的实现可大大提高系统性能。综上所述，本系统可在夏季实现高效的新风除湿冷却过程。
附图说明
图1（a）为本发明的新风处理机组实施例一独立冷热源的俯视图；（b）为本发明新风处理机组实施例一独立冷热源的回风区的俯视图；
图2（a）为本发明的新风处理机组实施例一热泵驱动的俯视图；（b）为本发明新风处理机组实施例一热泵驱动的回风区的俯视图；
图3：为本发明的新风处理机组实施例二独立冷热源的结构示意图；
图4：为本发明的新风处理机组实施例二热泵驱动的结构示意图； 
图5：外接冷源形式；
图6：外接热源形式；
图7：热泵系统连接形式；
主要符号说明：
1—全热回收转轮；2—除湿转轮；3—冷却装置；4—加热装置；5—风机；6—箱体；7—隔板；8—冷源系统；9—水泵；10—热源系统；11—膨胀阀；12—压缩机。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细描述。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用于解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
相反，本发明涵盖任何由权利要求定义的在本发明的精髓和范围上做的替代、修改、等效方法以及方案。进一步，为了使公众对本发明有更好的了解，在下文对本发明的细节描述中，详尽描述了一些特定的细节部分。对本领域技术人员来说没有这些细节部分的描述也可以完全理解本发明。
如图1-4所示的新风处理装置，可实现低温热源加热和高温冷源冷却，过程中采用的全热回收转轮可降低主动冷热源能耗，实现新风的高效除湿冷却过程。
本新风处理装置包括：全热回收转轮1、除湿转轮2、冷却装置3、加热装置4、风机5、箱体6、隔板7等部件，图1-2所示为一股新风的系统，分为上、下两层通道，上层通道是新风处理通道，下层是以回风作为再生空气的回风处理通道，上层通道由新风区、除湿区及冷却装置3组成，下层通道由回风区、再生区及加热装置4组成；其中新风区及回风区设有全热回收转轮1，除湿区及再生区设有除湿转轮2；为防止两侧空气之间的相互漏风，上下层通过设置隔板7隔开。
图3-4所示为两股新风的系统，分为上、中、下三层通道，上层通道由再生区及加热装置4组成，中层通道由新风区、除湿区及冷却装置3组成，下层通道由回风区组成，其中新风区及回风区设置全热回收转轮1，再生区及除湿区设置除湿转轮2，为防止两侧空气之间的相互漏风，上中下层通过设置隔板7隔开。
新风的除湿过程包括两步，第一步在全热回收转轮1中进行，第二步在除湿转轮2中进行。新风的降温在全热回收转轮1（新风温度高于回风时）、冷却装置3中进行。全热回收转轮1工作在新风和室内回风之间。经过全热回收后的回风可以继续用于除湿，如图1和图2所示。其首先进入加热装置4被加热到再生温度，然后对除湿转轮2进行再生，最后排出室外（如图1所示）或排除下一级加热装置4的余热后再被排出室外（如图2所示）。图1~2所示的系统，回风的风道布置比较复杂，阻力较大，因此回风侧需要两个风机5串联运行。除此之外，可以考虑采用图3~4的形式，将经过全热回收后的回风排出室外，采用另一股室外新风进行再生。图3和图4的被处理空气（新风1）的处理过程和图1及图2相同。用于再生的新风（新风2）先经过加热装置4被加热到再生温度，然后对除湿转轮2进行再生，最后排出室外（如图3所示）或排除下一级加热装置4的余热（如图4所示）后被排出室外。
由于可实现高温冷却和低温加热，本装置可以通过多种冷热源进行驱动。如图5所示，冷源可以采用自然冷源，如当室外湿球温度较低时，可利用喷淋塔和室外空气间热质交换制取的高温冷水进行冷却；冷源也可以为高温冷水机组的冷冻水。如图6所示，热源可采用带辅助电加热的太阳能集热装置制取的热水。图5和图6所示的外接冷热源系统需要和外部冷热源装置相连，因而集成度不高，且只能在有合适外部冷热源的场合使用，当采用自然冷源和太阳能时，受天气状况的影响明显。因此提出一种冷热源一体的热泵驱动的新风处理装置，热泵系统的连接方式如图7所示。热泵系统的蒸发器作为图2和图4中的冷却装置3，用来冷却除湿空气，冷凝器作为图2和图4中的加热装置4，用来加热再生空气。蒸发器之间并联，冷凝器之间并联，采用同一个膨胀阀11和同一个压缩机12，因而所有蒸发器的蒸发温度相同，所有冷凝器的冷凝温度相同。采用热泵系统驱动的新风处理装置集成度更高，只需提供压缩机和风机的电能，使用不受外部条件限制。

Claims (10)

1.一种全热回收转轮和除湿转轮结合的双转轮新风处理机组，其特征在于，由多层通道组成，可对新风进行除湿和降温。
2.根据权利要求1所述的机组，其特征在于，由两层通道组成，分别为上层通道及下层通道。
3.根据权利要求2所述的机组，其特征在于，所述上层通道由新风区、除湿区及冷却装置组成，所述下层通道由回风区、再生区及加热装置组成。
4.根据权利要求3所述的机组，其特征在于，所述新风区及回风区设有全热回收转轮；所述除湿区及再生区设有除湿转轮。
5.根据权利要求2所述的机组，其特征在于，所述上、下层通道之间通过设置隔板隔开。
6.根据权利要求1所述的机组，其特征在于，由三层通道组成，分别为上层通道、中层通道及下层通道。
7.根据权利要求6所述的机组，其特征在于，所述上层通道由再生区及加热装置组成，所述中层通道由新风区、除湿区及冷却装置组成，所述下层通道由回风区组成。
8.根据权利要求7所述的机组，其特征在于，所述新风区及回风区设置全热回收转轮；所述再生区及除湿区设置除湿转轮。
9.根据权利要求8所述的机组，其特征在于，所述上、中、下层通道之间通过设置隔板隔开。
10.根据权利要求1所述的机组，其特征在于，所述机组还连接冷、热源，其中热源为加热装置，冷源为冷却装置，采用热泵系统驱动时，冷却装置为热泵系统蒸发器，加热装置为热泵系统冷凝器。
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