CN104379950B - 用于涡轮机或发电机的具有滑动轴承的立式轴 - Google Patents

用于涡轮机或发电机的具有滑动轴承的立式轴 Download PDF

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CN104379950B
CN104379950B CN201380031290.XA CN201380031290A CN104379950B CN 104379950 B CN104379950 B CN 104379950B CN 201380031290 A CN201380031290 A CN 201380031290A CN 104379950 B CN104379950 B CN 104379950B
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storage tank
oil storage
axle
bear box
bearing
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CN104379950A (zh
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赖纳·豪斯曼
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Voith Patent GmbH
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Voith Paper Patent GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C32/00—Bearings not otherwise provided for
    • F16C32/06—Bearings not otherwise provided for with moving member supported by a fluid cushion formed, at least to a large extent, otherwise than by movement of the shaft, e.g. hydrostatic air-cushion bearings
    • F16C32/0629—Bearings not otherwise provided for with moving member supported by a fluid cushion formed, at least to a large extent, otherwise than by movement of the shaft, e.g. hydrostatic air-cushion bearings supported by a liquid cushion, e.g. oil cushion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B11/00—Parts or details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the preceding groups, e.g. wear-protection couplings, between turbine and generator
    • F03B11/06—Bearing arrangements
    • F03B11/063—Arrangements for balancing axial thrust
    • F03B11/066—Arrangements for balancing axial thrust in vertical axis machines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
    • F16C33/10—Construction relative to lubrication
    • F16C33/1025—Construction relative to lubrication with liquid, e.g. oil, as lubricant
    • F16C33/1045—Details of supply of the liquid to the bearing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
    • F16C33/10—Construction relative to lubrication
    • F16C33/1025—Construction relative to lubrication with liquid, e.g. oil, as lubricant
    • F16C33/1045—Details of supply of the liquid to the bearing
    • F16C33/105—Conditioning, e.g. metering, cooling, filtering
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C35/00—Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C37/00—Cooling of bearings
    • F16C37/002—Cooling of bearings of fluid bearings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20—Hydro energy

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
  • Mounting Of Bearings Or Others (AREA)
  • Hydraulic Turbines (AREA)
  • Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于涡轮机或者发电器的具有滑动轴承的立式轴。本发明涉及一种具有液力滑动轴承的立式轴(1)，包括以下特征或构件：环形固定的轴承壳体(3)，其围绕轴(1)；多个轴承区段(4)，其是轴承壳体(3)的固定的组成部分，其围绕并支承了轴(1)并且与之形成轴承间隙(5)；轴(1)具有径向内贮油槽(1.2)以及与之相通的径向外贮油槽(1.3)；机油润滑系统，其中机油穿流过以下构件：轴承壳体(3)；从轴承壳体(3)至内贮油槽(1.2)的第一连接管路；从径向的内贮油槽(1.2)的上端部至径向的外贮油槽(1.3)的上端部的溢流通道(1.4)；从径向的外贮油槽(1.3)至轴承壳体(3)的孔(7)；具有到轴承壳体(3)处的连接部的冷却装置(10)。本发明的特征在于：设置汲取斗，其是管路的组成部分；管路(9)，其是在孔(7)和冷却装置(10)之间的引导连接的组成部分。

Description

用于涡轮机或发电机的具有滑动轴承的立式轴
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有液力滑动轴承的轴。该轴垂直地布置，并且滑动轴承是径向轴承。
背景技术
轴承具有环形的、位置固定的轴承壳体，其围绕轴。轴承支承在周围环境处。轴承以公知的方式具有多个轴承区段。轴承区段朝向轴并且支承了轴。轴承区段与轴的外周面一起形成了轴承间隙。
轴承的润滑具有最重大的意义。所述轴承间隙必须被持续地润滑。为此必要的是，循环地引导机油，其中机油此外还穿过外部的冷却器。
为了保持油的环流，已知的系统使用了外部泵。这意味着额外的投入耗费。外部泵必须不断地进行保养。泵的故障能够导致相关构件严重受损，特别是轴的严重受损。
DE 1 813 807 U描述了一种具有多个滑动轴承的立式轴。这些滑动轴承实现为液力滑动轴承。此外，还设置了环形的、固定的轴承壳体，其围绕轴。多个轴承区段是轴承壳体的固定的组成部分，轴承区段围绕并支承了轴并且与之一起形成了轴承间隙。内贮油槽与轴承壳体相通。机油穿流过轴承壳体以及从轴承壳体至内贮油槽的连接管。
DE 14 00 438 B描述了一种具有立式轴的推力轴承。在此设置了一种机油循环，其另外还使得腔室、压力室以及间隙区相互连接。
发明内容
本发明基于以下目的，如下地构造一种具有液力滑动轴承的立式的涡轮机轴或发电机轴，使得机油润滑系统能够比至今公知的系统更简单且成本更低地构成，并且具有更高的可靠性。
本发明的基本构想在于，由轴的转动能中推导出输送冲量，输送冲量使机油润滑系统中的机油持续保持环流。
该目的利用一种装置来实现。由此，在机油润滑系统中能够产生压力，该压力使得机油能够充分循环。不需要外部的附加设备。
附图说明
借助附图更详尽地阐述本发明。其中分别示出了以下：
图1以轴向剖面图示出了根据本发明的具有轴1和轴承的单元。
图2示出了具有位于其中一个端部上的汲取斗的管路，亦即以侧视图2a，以相对于视图2a旋转了的视图2b以及以根据剖线A-A的剖面图2c示出。
图3以放大图示出了汲取斗周围的区域。
图4以示意图示出了润滑剂的走向。
具体实施方式
轴1支承了水轮机的在此未示出的转子。轴垂直地延伸。参见旋转轴线1.1。
轴承是环形的。其是位置固定并且抗扭的。
轴承包括壳体3，壳体3具有环形腔的结构，环形腔同心地围绕轴1。壳体3的重要部件是柱状的周壁3.1以及环形的底部3.2和支承环3.3。支承环3.3与周壁3.1焊接。
其他重要构件是轴承区段4。其例如是条形的或板形的。轴承区段大量地环绕轴1地布置。轴承区段与轴1的外周面一起形成了轴承间隙5。轴承间隙5必须进行润滑。
轴具有内贮油槽1.2。该内贮油槽平行于旋转轴线1.1地延伸超过轴1的确定长度。此外，轴1还具有外贮油槽1.3，其同样平行于旋转轴线1.1地延伸，并且通过溢流部1.4与内侧的环形间隙相通。
在轴的外贮油槽1.3的下端部处有环形的存储空间，该存储空间作为封闭的环形空间围绕旋转轴线1.1地延伸。在径向方向上延伸的多个孔7连接到该环形空间处。这些孔在其自身方面与管路9处于引导连接中。在管路9的入口端处有汲取斗8，正如后面还将说明的，汲取斗对于本发明具有核心意义。冷却装置连接到管路9的另一端部处。冷却装置在此没有示出，但是在图4中示出。
在运行时，润滑剂-一般是机油-从环形的存储空间6进入到孔7中。由于轴1的旋转，离心力将机油穿过孔7输送给汲取斗8。机油在那里撞击到汲取斗上。由此使得机油内含有的速度能转换成压力能。形成了足够大的压力，以使得将机油穿过管路9输送给冷却装置。
管路9和汲取斗8是一体的。参见具有图2a至2c的图2。
图3能够详细识别出这种情况。轴1中的孔7产生了对于机油循环所必须的压力形成。在此讨论的是冲压泵。汲取斗8负责额外地提升压力，从而使得机油穿流过整个循环。
从图4中识别了机油的路径，其通过箭头表示。此外，机油还穿流过冷却装置10。
附图标记列表
1 轴
1.1 旋转轴线
1.2 内贮油槽
1.3 外贮油槽
1.4 溢流部
3 壳体
3.1 壳体的柱状周壁
3.2 壳体的环形底部
3.3 支承环
4 轴承区段
5 轴承间隙
6 存储空间
7 孔
8 汲取斗
9 管路
10 冷却装置。

Claims (2)

1.一种具有液力滑动轴承的立式的轴(1)，包括以下特征或构件：
1.1环形的、固定的轴承壳体(3)，所述轴承壳体围绕所述轴(1)；
1.2多个轴承区段(4)，所述轴承区段是所述轴承壳体(3)的固定的组成部分，所述轴承区段围绕并支承所述轴(1)并且与所述轴一起形成轴承间隙(5)；
1.3所述轴(1)具有径向的内贮油槽(1.2)以及与所述内贮油槽相通的径向的外贮油槽(1.3)；
1.4机油润滑系统，其中，机油穿流过以下构件：
-所述轴承壳体(3)；
-从所述轴承壳体(3)至所述内贮油槽(1.2)的第一连接管；
-从径向的所述内贮油槽(1.2)的上端部至径向的所述外贮油槽(1.3)的上端部的溢流通道(1.4)；
-从径向的所述外贮油槽(1.3)至所述轴承壳体(3)的孔(7)；
-具有到所述轴承壳体(3)处的连接部的冷却装置(10)；
其特征在于：
1.5设置汲取斗(8)，所述汲取斗是管路(9)的组成部分；
1.6所述管路(9)，所述管路是在所述孔(7)和所述冷却装置(10)之间的引导连接的组成部分。
2.根据权利要求1所述的具有液力滑动轴承的立式的轴，其特征在于，所述汲取斗(8)直接连接在所述孔的下游。
CN201380031290.XA 2012-07-13 2013-07-12 用于涡轮机或发电机的具有滑动轴承的立式轴 Active CN104379950B (zh)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102012013986.1 2012-07-13
DE102012013986.1A DE102012013986B4 (de) 2012-07-13 2012-07-13 Vertikale Welle mit Gleitlager für eine Turbine oder einen Generator
PCT/EP2013/064777 WO2014009518A1 (de) 2012-07-13 2013-07-12 Vertikale welle mit gleitlager für eine turbine oder einen generator

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CN104379950B true CN104379950B (zh) 2017-04-05

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US (1) US9593716B2 (zh)
EP (1) EP2791521B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP2015528882A (zh)
CN (1) CN104379950B (zh)
BR (1) BR112014031289B1 (zh)
CA (1) CA2877015C (zh)
CL (1) CL2014003395A1 (zh)
DE (1) DE102012013986B4 (zh)
WO (1) WO2014009518A1 (zh)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9841055B2 (en) * 2015-02-20 2017-12-12 Melbourne F. Giberson Vertical guide bearing improvements
CN110985867A (zh) * 2019-12-24 2020-04-10 刘洋 一种用于大坝水利发电的自润滑系统

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FR1246095A (fr) * 1959-03-26 1960-11-10 Escher Wyss Ag Palier de butée pour groupe hydraulique
EP0077291B1 (de) * 1981-10-13 1985-09-11 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Selbstpumpendes Spurlager für elektrische Maschinen mit vertikaler Welle, insbesondere Wasserkraftgeneratoren
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FR1246095A (fr) * 1959-03-26 1960-11-10 Escher Wyss Ag Palier de butée pour groupe hydraulique
DE1813807U (de) * 1959-07-31 1960-06-23 Siemens Ag Selbstpumpendes spurlager fuer maschinen mit vertikaler welle, insbesondere fuer wasserkraftgeneratoren.
EP0077291B1 (de) * 1981-10-13 1985-09-11 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Selbstpumpendes Spurlager für elektrische Maschinen mit vertikaler Welle, insbesondere Wasserkraftgeneratoren
CN201461212U (zh) * 2009-08-05 2010-05-12 重庆水轮机厂有限责任公司 混流式水轮机水导轴承结构

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DE102012013986B4 (de) 2015-03-12
DE102012013986A1 (de) 2014-01-16
CA2877015C (en) 2021-03-16
US9593716B2 (en) 2017-03-14
US20150152913A1 (en) 2015-06-04
EP2791521B1 (de) 2018-12-05
WO2014009518A1 (de) 2014-01-16
CA2877015A1 (en) 2014-01-16
EP2791521A1 (de) 2014-10-22
BR112014031289A2 (pt) 2017-06-27
CL2014003395A1 (es) 2015-04-17
BR112014031289B1 (pt) 2021-07-06
CN104379950A (zh) 2015-02-25
JP2015528882A (ja) 2015-10-01

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