CN103775355A - 用于压缩流体的涡轮机 - Google Patents

用于压缩流体的涡轮机 Download PDF

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CN103775355A
CN103775355A CN201310680181.2A CN201310680181A CN103775355A CN 103775355 A CN103775355 A CN 103775355A CN 201310680181 A CN201310680181 A CN 201310680181A CN 103775355 A CN103775355 A CN 103775355A
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turbo machine
bearing
rotor
machine according
dish
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S·博森
A·佐佩尔
H·维蒂希
F·维贝
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Atlas Copco Energas GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/02—Blade-carrying members, e.g. rotors
    • F01D5/06—Rotors for more than one axial stage, e.g. of drum or multiple disc type; Details thereof, e.g. shafts, shaft connections
    • F01D5/066—Connecting means for joining rotor-discs or rotor-elements together, e.g. by a central bolt, by clamps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/05—Shafts or bearings, or assemblies thereof, specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F04D29/051—Axial thrust balancing
    • F04D29/0513—Axial thrust balancing hydrostatic; hydrodynamic thrust bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/04—Shafts or bearings, or assemblies thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/34—Rotor-blade aggregates of unitary construction, e.g. formed of sheet laminae
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D19/00—Axial-flow pumps
    • F04D19/02—Multi-stage pumps
    • F04D19/04—Multi-stage pumps specially adapted to the production of a high vacuum, e.g. molecular pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/05—Shafts or bearings, or assemblies thereof, specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F04D29/056—Bearings
    • F04D29/058—Bearings magnetic; electromagnetic
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
    • F04D29/266—Rotors specially for elastic fluids mounting compressor rotors on shafts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
    • F04D29/32—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for axial flow pumps
    • F04D29/321—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for axial flow pumps for axial flow compressors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/60—Mounting; Assembling; Disassembling
    • F04D29/64—Mounting; Assembling; Disassembling of axial pumps
    • F04D29/644—Mounting; Assembling; Disassembling of axial pumps especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/18—Lubricating arrangements
    • F01D25/22—Lubricating arrangements using working-fluid or other gaseous fluid as lubricant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/02—Blade-carrying members, e.g. rotors
    • F01D5/022—Blade-carrying members, e.g. rotors with concentric rows of axial blades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2240/00—Components
    • F05D2240/50—Bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2240/00—Components
    • F05D2240/50—Bearings
    • F05D2240/51—Magnetic
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2240/00—Components
    • F05D2240/50—Bearings
    • F05D2240/53—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C32/00—Bearings not otherwise provided for
    • F16C32/04—Bearings not otherwise provided for using magnetic or electric supporting means
    • F16C32/0406—Magnetic bearings
    • F16C32/044—Active magnetic bearings
    • F16C32/0474—Active magnetic bearings for rotary movement
    • F16C32/0489—Active magnetic bearings for rotary movement with active support of five degrees of freedom, e.g. two radial magnetic bearings combined with an axial bearing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
    • Y02T50/60—Efficient propulsion technologies, e.g. for aircraft

Abstract

本发明公开了一种用作压缩机的涡轮机，其具有以轴线为中心的管状外壳、在外壳内至少基本上以所述轴线为中心的转子、以及在外壳内支撑所述转子以绕所述轴线旋转的轴承。转子由沿所述轴线延伸并以所述轴线为中心的小直径轴和轴向装配在一起的多个环形盘形成，轴具有至少一个安装轴套，并由轴承支撑，盘具有径向向外延伸的叶片。至少一个盘与所述安装轴套装配并固定到所述安装轴套。

Description

用于压缩流体的涡轮机
技术领域
本发明涉及一种涡轮机。更特别地，本发明涉及用于压缩流体的此类机械。
背景技术
典型的涡轮机具有固定壳体，其具有沿轴线延伸并且容纳转子的通道形成腔室，转子具有由轴承支撑的主体以绕轴线旋转。轴向延伸的叶片也从转子主体的外表面径向向外伸出，并在使流体轴向流过壳体的同时压缩流体。
工业应用例如化学或石化设备中所使用的涡轮机通常在预定产能和转速范围内在可精确控制的条件下运行。转子针对此运行点进行优化并由实心轴形成，转子叶片附接在轴上。生产和平衡这种类型的转子结构是昂贵的。为此目的，设置流体润滑轴承系统，例如油润滑系统，因此需要有效的密封系统来防止润滑剂污染流过涡轮机的流体。
与涡轮机叶片一起形成的盘，称为整体叶盘，是飞机制造业中公知的。将涡轮机叶片集成到盘能节省大量的材料，并且因而不需要组装和调校各个叶片。特别地，可以在盘的中心处形成空隙。但是，这样做的后果是将多个整体叶盘堆叠意味着各个制造和装配公差进行累积，因此需要更加结实可靠的轴承结构，并且导致最大允许转速受到限制。
发明内容
因此本发明的一个目的是提供一种改进的用于压缩流体的涡轮机。
另一个目的是提供这样一种克服了上述缺点的改进的用于压缩流体的涡轮机，特别是其能利用小型轴承结构恰当地运行并能在高速下运行。
用作压缩机的涡轮机具有以轴线为中心的管状外壳、在外壳内至少基本上以轴线为中心的转子、和在外壳内支撑转子以绕轴线旋转的轴承。转子由沿轴线延伸并以轴线为中心的小直径轴和轴向地装配在一起的多个环形盘形成，该轴具有至少一个安装轴套，并由轴承支撑，所述盘具有径向向外延伸的叶片。至少一个盘与安装轴套装配并固定到安装轴套上。
在实践中有两个此类轴套且只有端部盘接合轴套。中间盘与转子的轴没有径向接触。所选的轴直径尽可能的小，从而减少转子的总质量。同时，直径的大小被确定为使得在所有的预期运行状态下都保证可靠的力传递和转子的尺寸精度。
安装轴套与轴一体形成，并从轴径向伸出。由转子盘构成的套件通过轴套被附接到轴。带有集成转子叶片的这类盘也被称为带叶片的整体盘(整体叶盘)，并被作为单个件通常通过机加工生产。该盘是环形的并具有与外圆周表面共心的中心孔，在被安装时，一段细轴以一定间距在中心穿过该孔。轴和整体叶盘的内圆周之间存在间隙。
根据本发明，转子由外壳内的轴承支撑。细中心轴、转子的轻重量结构设计、精确平衡的整体叶盘的使用以及低摩擦轴承的相互作用为转子提供了极为平滑的运行特征，并使得涡轮机在工业应用中能在非常高的速度下运行。
至少部分轴承结构优选以磁轴承的形式设置。由于整体叶盘的使用使得转子的质量被减少到使磁轴承的使用是经济上可行的程度，所以磁轴承结构是可行的。仅采用磁轴承的设计方案具有完全不需要润滑剂的额外优点。
在其他优选实施例中，至少部分轴承以滚柱接触轴承、液力滑动轴承或静压滑动轴承的形式设置。
两个轴套优选被整体地模制在轴上，这些表面之间布置有狭窄区域。组件的每个末端盘之一接触两个轴套和/或被附接到轴套。在此两个末端盘能被附接到两个轴套，盘组件能支撑在它们之间。
在包括两个轴套的一种结构中，转子优选被轴向地和径向地支撑在轴承上，所述轴承被设置在带有轴套的突起的外侧。所述轴承在此能以分离的轴承的形式或者作为组合的推力/径向轴承设置。
涡轮机至少部分地优选被实施为轴流式设计。在这种情况下，气体或蒸气流体至少部分地沿平行于转子旋转轴线的方向流动。另外，提供径向运行涡轮机的元件也是可行的。
在一个优选实施例中，转子的盘包括形成径向台阶状肩部的安装法兰。相邻盘的台阶状肩部彼此互补地接合。通过这种附接方式，有效地防止堆叠的盘发生侧向(径向)滑动。这产生了可靠的刚度，即使是在仅有端部盘被彼此撑靠的组件中。另外，相应的中间的连续盘也能被彼此成对地附接，例如通过螺栓。
转子的盘有利地在中心包括不同直径的不具有涡轮叶片的区域。
转子盘的不具有涡轮叶片的区域径向地限定了一个围绕旋转中心旋转对称的且是锥形的公共圆周区域。在截面上的均一锥形意味着在涡轮机中不连续的直径过渡处没有不希望的紊流发生。
附图说明
通过参考附图进行的以下描述，前述的和其他的目的、特征和优点将变得更易理解，其中：
图1是贯穿根据本发明的涡轮机的纵向剖视图；
图2是本发明的轴承区域的放大剖视图。
具体实施方式
如图1所示，根据本发明的用于压缩气体或蒸气的涡轮机具有由点划线示意性表示的外壳1，以及在外壳1中旋转地支撑在轴承3和4上以围绕轴线10旋转的转子2。根据本发明，转子2具有小直径轴5以及一组带有集成转子叶片的盘6a到6e，其中一个叶片用14示意性示出。两个径向向外伸出的轴套7a和7b被整体地形成在轴5上并且转子2仅在轴套的位置处被附接到轴5。只有两个端部盘6a和6e被固定到相应的轴套7a和7b。轴5通过轴向磁轴承3和径向磁轴承4被支撑在外壳1中。
转子2的盘6a到6e被形成为具有台阶状肩部8，台阶状肩部形成一起互补地相配的径向朝向环形表面和轴向朝向环形表面，确保了所述盘6a和6e完美地同轴。用13示意性示出的紧固件将盘6a到6e径向地固定在一起。转子2的盘6a到6e具有不同的直径并且具有截头圆锥状外表面，这些截头圆锥状外表面合并形成一个轴向渐缩的且以轴线10为中心的截头圆锥外表面9。在每个盘6a到6e处，图中示意性示出的叶片14从所述表面9径向伸出。
图2示出了轴5的磁轴承结构的一个可能实施例。其包括直接作用在轴5上的径向磁轴承4。轴向磁轴承3与被固定到轴5的轴承盘11相互作用。另外，提供备用轴承12以防有效的磁轴承3和4失效。

Claims (12)

1.一种用作压缩机的涡轮机，所述涡轮机具有：
以轴线为中心的管状外壳；
在外壳内至少基本上以所述轴线为中心的转子；以及
在外壳内支撑所述转子以绕所述轴线旋转的轴承，
其特征在于，该转子由以下各项形成：
沿所述轴线延伸并以所述轴线为中心的小直径轴，所述轴具有至少一个安装轴套并由所述轴承支撑；以及
多个环形盘，所述多个环形盘轴向装配在一起，并具有径向向外延伸的叶片，所述盘之一与所述安装轴套装配并固定到所述安装轴套。
2.根据权利要求1所述的涡轮机，其中所述轴具有轴向彼此错开的两个轴套，每个轴套与所述盘中的相应一个装配。
3.根据权利要求2所述的涡轮机，其中在被装配到轴套的盘之间的盘不与轴接合。
4.根据权利要求2所述的涡轮机，其中轴套轴向地位于轴承之间。
5.根据权利要求4所述的涡轮机，其中轴承包括两个轴向推力磁轴承和两个径向推力磁轴承。
6.根据权利要求1所述的涡轮机，叶片被构造为在转子旋转时将流体轴向推进通过外壳。
7.根据权利要求1所述的涡轮机，其中所述盘具有端部法兰，所述端部法兰形成在相邻盘之间一起互补地装配的轴向和径向朝向的环形表面。
8.根据权利要求1所述的涡轮机，其中所述盘在相应叶片之间具有外表面，所述外表面以所述轴线为中心且对于不同的盘而言直径不同。
9.根据权利要求8所述的涡轮机，其中所述外表面彼此齐平，并且形成以所述轴线为中心的截头圆锥。
10.根据权利要求1所述的涡轮机，其中至少一个轴承是磁轴承。
11.根据权利要求1所述的涡轮机，其中至少一个轴承是液力轴承。
12.根据权利要求1所述的涡轮机，其中至少一个轴承是滚柱轴承。
CN201310680181.2A 2012-10-19 2013-10-18 用于压缩流体的涡轮机 Pending CN103775355A (zh)

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DE102012110029.2A DE102012110029A1 (de) 2012-10-19 2012-10-19 Turbomaschine zur Verdichtung eines gas- oder dampfförmigen Fluids
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DE102013015993A1 (de) * 2013-09-26 2015-03-26 Man Diesel & Turbo Se Verdichteranordnung

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KR101662371B1 (ko) 2016-10-04
CA2830565A1 (en) 2014-04-19
DE102012110029A1 (de) 2014-04-24
KR20140050564A (ko) 2014-04-29

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