CN104375374B - Ultra-fast laser continuous imaging device and method based on frequency domain space-time transformation - Google Patents
Ultra-fast laser continuous imaging device and method based on frequency domain space-time transformation Download PDFInfo
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- CN104375374B CN104375374B CN201410683514.1A CN201410683514A CN104375374B CN 104375374 B CN104375374 B CN 104375374B CN 201410683514 A CN201410683514 A CN 201410683514A CN 104375374 B CN104375374 B CN 104375374B
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Abstract
The invention relates to an ultra-fast laser continuous imaging device and method based on frequency domain space-time transformation, and belongs to the field of ultra-fast imaging. The device comprises an ultra-short pulse laser, a chromatic dispersion delayer, a time domain frequency shaping device, a first wide wave band reflector, a second wide wave band reflector, a space domain frequency shaping device and a two-dimensional CCD spectrograph. According to the method, the ultra-short pulse laser is used for producing the laser light within the spectral range, the chromatic dispersion delayer is used for changing the delay interval, the time domain frequency shaping device and the space domain frequency shaping device are used for shaping the frequency components of the laser light, the two-dimensional CCD spectrograph is used for carrying out detecting after the laser light passes a sample, and then the electron dynamic state of the sample can be obtained. By means of the device and method, the time resolving power can be improved to the femtosecond level, continuous shooting is achieved, complete shooting is carried out on the process without the repeated experiment condition, the shooting period and the shooting number can be controlled and adjusted, and the spectrograph is used for replacing an imaging system, and implementation is easy.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the detection of the ultrahigh time resolution ability of ultrafast process, belong to ultrafast imaging field.
Background technology
It is often necessary to a certain process is carried out with the very short company of time interval during scientific research and technical research
Continue and take pictures.For example, the material in laser fabrication process directly affects to processes such as photon energy transfer, electron excitations and determines
The follow-up quality manufacturing result and precision, the observation to this process is most important.However, this process duration is short, change is fast,
It is about femtosecond magnitude (10-15s).The two-dimensional imaging observation of this time scale is significant to science, production.
Traditional continuous imaging equipment is it is impossible to realize the imaging of femtosecond magnitude.Rely on traditional mechanical means or electronics
Equipment, cannot meet the demand of this process.The time resolution of electronic camera depends on the response speed of control circuit,
It is currently in nanosecond (10-9S) level, and be difficult to be further continued for improving.Using the method imaging of framing camera, can be further
Improve temporal resolution, but time sense is still limited, do not break through psec (10 yet-12S) level, and it is imaged frame number
Limited.
The imaging technique of traditional femtosecond magnitude is it is impossible to realize being continuously shot.Pump probe technology is that one kind has femtosecond
The Detection Techniques of magnitude time sense, in pump probe experiment, for the whole change procedure of complete documentation detected object,
Typically by experiment is repeated several times, one different moment of each selection is shot, finally sequentially in time that this is multiple
The a series of photos shooting in repeating to test piece together to reduce the dynamic consecutive variations process of detected object.Due to each
Experiment can not possibly be accomplished to repeat completely, in this way there is error, and for not possessing the mistake of duplicating experimental condition
Journey, then cannot be carried out Continuous Observation.
Therefore, when and femtosecond magnitude temporal resolution can be reached and can many frame numbers be continuously shot in the urgent need to a kind of
Observation method.
Content of the invention
The invention aims to solve existing imaging means temporal resolution low, cannot be to being spaced apart femtosecond to psec
The process of magnitude carries out continuous imaging, is difficult to meet the problem of research and production needs, proposes one kind and is based on frequency domain space-time transformation
Ultrafast laser continuous imaging device and method
The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions.
Based on the ultrafast laser continuous imaging device of frequency domain space-time transformation, including：Ultrafast laser, dispersion chronotron, when
Domain frequency shaping device, the first wide wavestrip reflecting mirror, the second wide wavestrip reflecting mirror, spatial domain frequency shaping device, object of observation, two-dimentional light
Spectrometer.
Its light path is moved towards：First, ultrafast laser produces the ultrashort pulse of wideband spectral width；Thereafter, light beam leads to
After crossing dispersion chronotron, its pulse width broadens and the composition of different frequency produces different delayed time；Thereafter, light beam is by time domain frequency
Rate reshaper, light beam is divided into the controlled multiple subpulses of time interval, and single subpulse comprises different frequency contents；Its
Afterwards, after the first wide wavestrip reflecting mirror, the second wide wavestrip reflecting mirror, change optical path direction；Thereafter, by spatial domain frequency shaping
Device, will be evenly distributed in space for the spectrum of different frequency；Thereafter, by object of observation；Finally, light beam is by two-dimension NMR
Instrument is collected, and is imaged after processing through computer.
Based on the ultrafast laser continuous imaging method of frequency domain space-time transformation, realize step as follows：
1) ultrafast pulsed laser device produces the ultrashort laser pulse of wideband spectral width；
2) dispersion chronotron changes the pulse duration of ultrafast laser and the time delay interval of the laser of different frequency.
3) frequency spectrum of former laser pulse is divided into some wave bands on frequency domain by temporal frequency reshaper, and each wave band forms one
Individual subpulse, has controlled time interval between different subpulses.
4) spatial domain frequency shaping device be used for will be evenly distributed in space for the spectrum of subpulse different frequency.
5) light beam after shaping passes through testee, and multiple subpulses pass sequentially through, certain due to having between subpulse
Time interval, thus collection not information in the same time；And the information of different spatial is carried by the light of different frequency, will not
The one-dimensional image combination of same frequency can be to two-dimensional imaging, and the two-dimensional imaging for next step provides condition.
6) two-dimensional CCD spectrogrph, the spectral information of measurement different frequency are used.After collection completes, according to frequency before
Rate segmentation, the frequency spectrum belonging to same subpulse is combined, and forms an image.Different subpulses then become multiple figures
Picture.
7) image is removed with the process of background, needs to gather bias light.To step 6) image be removed background
Process, obtain final image.
Beneficial effect
Advantages of the present invention includes：
1. the bottleneck of energy break through resolution capability is so that time resolution brings up to femtosecond magnitude；
2. it is capable of continuously shooting, the process not possessing duplicating experimental condition completely can be shot；
3. shoot the cycle and shoot controllable quantity regulation；
4. use spectrogrph to replace imaging system, it is easy to accomplish.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of an embodiment of patent of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the chronotron of one embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of time domain apparatus for shaping；
In figure, 1- ultrafast laser, 2- dispersion chronotron, 3- temporal frequency reshaper, the wide wavestrip reflecting mirror of 4- first, 5-
Second wide wavestrip reflecting mirror, 6- spatial domain frequency shaping device, 7- object of observation, 8- two-dimension NMR instrument, 9- width wavestrip reflecting mirror,
10- grating, 11- lens, 12- liquid crystal phase retarders, 13- lens, 14- grating, 15- width wavestrip reflecting mirror, 16- scattered light
Grid, 17- alignment grating.
Specific embodiment
In order that the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention are clearer, clear and definite, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples pair
Technical scheme is described further.
Based on the ultrafast laser continuous imaging device of frequency domain space-time transformation, including ultrafast laser 1, dispersion chronotron 2, when
Domain frequency shaping device 3, the first wide wavestrip reflecting mirror 4, the second wide wavestrip reflecting mirror 5, spatial domain frequency shaping device 6, object of observation 7,
Two-dimension NMR instrument 8.
Its annexation is：First, ultrafast laser 1 produces the ultrashort pulse of wideband spectral width；Thereafter, light beam leads to
After crossing dispersion chronotron 2, its pulse width broadens and the composition of different frequency produces different delayed time；Thereafter, light beam is by time domain frequency
Rate reshaper 3, light beam is divided into the controlled multiple subpulses of time interval, and single subpulse comprises different frequency contents；Its
Afterwards, after by the first wide wavestrip reflecting mirror 4, the second wide wavestrip reflecting mirror 5, change optical path direction；Thereafter, whole by spatial domain frequency
Shape device 6, will be evenly distributed in space for the spectrum of different frequency；Thereafter, by object of observation 7；Finally, light beam is by two-dimension spectrum
Analyser 8 is collected, and is imaged after processing through computer.
Based on the ultrafast laser continuous imaging method of frequency domain space-time transformation, step is as follows：
1) first ultrafast pulsed laser device 1 is produced ultrashort laser pulse, the strict energy controlling pulse, prevent pulse energy
Amount is too big, and result of detection is interfered；Generally higher than 50 nanometers of pulse bandwidth.In the present embodiment, ultrafast pulsed laser device produces
The a width of 775nm-825nm of band of raw pulse.
2) effect of dispersion chronotron is the prolonging of laser changing pulse duration of ultrafast laser and different frequency
When interval.Different types of time delay device can be selected as needed, for example, femtosecond magnitude can be realized using quartzy thin slice
Time delay；Using grating to the time delay that can realize picosecond magnitude；Optical fiber using long length can realize the time delay of nanosecond order.
3) effect of temporal frequency reshaper is that the frequency spectrum of former laser pulse is divided on frequency domain some wave bands, each ripple
Section forms a subpulse, has controlled time interval between different subpulses.
Fig. 2 illustrates a kind of temporal frequency reshaper based on spatial light reshaper.Reflecting mirror 9 is by beam emissions to grating
10, by light beam according to frequency spread, lens 11 will pass through liquid crystal phase retarders 12, liquid crystal phase delay to grating 10 after beam collimation
Device 12 carries out frequency domain Fourier transformation to light beam thus carrying out time domain shaping.Shaping light is focused through lens 13 and grating 14
And close bundle, thus producing multiple subpulses with specific time delay, and the frequency that each subpulse comprises is different.In this enforcement
In example, the wave band of different subpulses is followed successively by taking 5 subpulses as a example：775-785nm, 785-795nm, 795-805nm,
805-815nm, 815-825nm.
Produce 5 subpulses in embodiment, such that it is able to not 5 images in the same time, but be not limited to 5 width images.
Wave band can be divided into less region, thus obtaining more imaging frame numbers.
4) spatial domain frequency shaping device be used for will be evenly distributed in space for the spectrum of subpulse different frequency.By controlling light
The distance between grid, control the size of hot spot so that it, as far as possible close to the size of testee, thus making full use of light beam, reaches
To optimal imaging effect.
Fig. 3 illustrates a kind of spatial domain frequency shaping device.Light beam launches through grating 16,17, and the light distribution of different frequency exists
Space diverse location.In the present embodiment, the composition of different wave length launches in space, for example, for the sub- arteries and veins of 775-785nm
Punching, due to expansion effect, so that the wavelength components of 775nm are separated by 1 micron with the composition of 776nm, thus different step-lengths
Composition can realize the imaging of diverse location.
5) pass through testee after above-mentioned shaping.Testee has an electronic Dynamic of change, different electron density pair
The degree of absorption of light is different.Multiple subpulses pass sequentially through, and have certain time interval due between subpulse, thus gathering
Not information in the same time；And the information of different spatial is carried by the light of different frequency, by the one-dimensional image group of different frequency
Conjunction can be to two-dimensional imaging, and the two-dimensional imaging for next step provides condition.
6) two-dimensional CCD spectrogrph, the spectral information of measurement different frequency are used.Collection completes one week, according to frequency before
Rate segmentation, the frequency spectrum belonging to same subpulse is combined, and forms an image.Different subpulses then become multiple figures
Picture.
In the present embodiment, the time of different subpulses is different, and for example, the subpulse of 775-785nm is with 785-795nm's
There is certain time-delay the time of subpulse；So imaging not in the same time can be realized；For same subpulse, such as 775-
Image space between the subpulse of 785nm, wherein different wave length composition is different, and the wavelength components of such as 775nm are with 776nm's
Composition is separated by 1 micron, thus can realize the imaging of diverse location.By heterogeneity is combined, it is possible to achieve two dimension
Imaging.
7) image is removed with the process of background, needs to gather bias light, step is to remove the object of observation, its remaining light
Road is identical with Fig. 1.Collect background image using identical step.To step 6) image be removed background process, that is,
Can get final image.
To sum up, a kind of femtosecond magnitude temporal resolution and can the spotter that is continuously shot of many frame numbers of can reaching of the method
Section.Compared with existing method, the bottleneck of the method energy break through resolution capability is so that time resolution brings up to femtosecond
Magnitude；And be capable of continuously shooting, the process not possessing duplicating experimental condition completely can be shot；The shooting cycle
And shoot controllable quantity regulation；The method uses spectrogrph to replace imaging system, it is easy to accomplish.
Claims (4)
1. the ultrafast laser continuous imaging device based on frequency domain space-time transformation it is characterised in that：Including ultrafast pulsed laser device
(1), dispersion chronotron (2), temporal frequency reshaper (3), the first wide wavestrip reflecting mirror (4), the second wide wavestrip reflecting mirror (5),
Spatial domain frequency shaping device (6), object of observation (7), two-dimensional CCD spectroanalysis instrument (8)；
Its light path is moved towards：Ultrafast pulsed laser device (1) produces the ultrashort pulse of wideband spectral width；Light beam is prolonged by dispersion
When device (2) afterwards its pulse width broaden and different frequency composition produce different delayed time；Light beam passes through temporal frequency reshaper
(3), light beam is divided into the controlled multiple subpulses of time interval, single subpulse comprises different frequency contents；Thereafter, pass through
After first wide wavestrip reflecting mirror (4), the second wide wavestrip reflecting mirror (5), change optical path direction；Thereafter, by spatial domain frequency shaping
Device (6), will be evenly distributed in space for the spectrum of different frequency；Thereafter, by object of observation (7)；Finally, light beam is two-dimentional
CCD spectroanalysis instrument (8) is collected, and is imaged after processing through computer.
2. the ultrafast laser continuous imaging device based on frequency domain space-time transformation according to claim 1 it is characterised in that when
Domain frequency shaping device includes：Grating launch to, lens to and liquid crystal phase retarders.
3. the ultrafast laser continuous imaging device based on frequency domain space-time transformation according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that institute
State two-dimensional CCD spectroanalysis instrument, for the spectroscopically detectable to different frequency.
4. a kind of imaging method of the ultrafast laser continuous imaging device based on frequency domain space-time transformation is it is characterised in that realize step
Suddenly as follows：
1) ultrafast pulsed laser device produces the ultrashort pulse of wideband spectral width；
2) dispersion chronotron changes the pulse duration of ultrafast laser and the time delay interval of the laser of different frequency；
3) frequency spectrum of former laser pulse is divided into some wave bands on frequency domain by temporal frequency reshaper, and each wave band forms a son
Pulse, has controlled time interval between different subpulses；
4) spatial domain frequency shaping device be used for will be evenly distributed in space for the spectrum of subpulse different frequency；
5) light beam after shaping passes through testee, and multiple subpulses pass sequentially through, when certain due to having between subpulse
Between be spaced, thus collection not information in the same time；And the information of different spatial is carried by the light of different frequency, by different frequencies
The one-dimensional image combination of rate can be to two-dimensional imaging, and the two-dimensional imaging for next step provides condition；
6) two-dimensional CCD spectroanalysis instrument, the spectral information of measurement different frequency are used；After collection completes, according to frequency before
Rate segmentation, the frequency spectrum belonging to same subpulse is combined, and forms an image；Different subpulses then become multiple figures
Picture；
7) image is removed with the process of background, needs to gather bias light；To step 6) image be removed background process,
Obtain final image.
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| CN112902866B (en) * | 2021-01-18 | 2021-12-03 | 武汉大学 | Spatial framing device, all-optical ultrafast imaging system and method |
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