CN107085220B - Trillion amplitude frequency full-light framing three-dimensional holographic imaging device and method - Google Patents
Trillion amplitude frequency full-light framing three-dimensional holographic imaging device and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of high-speed imaging, and particularly relates to a trillion-amplitude frequency full-light framing three-dimensional holographic imaging device and method. Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the invention provides the ultrafast imaging device which is not limited by the bandwidth of electronics, can break through the technical limitations of traditional pump detection, single ultrafast imaging based on a scanning camera, full-light framing imaging based on sequence time coding and the like, can be provided with a full-light framing imaging device with trillion amplitude frequencies, and can also take the holographic three-dimensional imaging function into account. The invention comprises a time domain wavelength mapping shaping device, a time domain wavelength mapping shaping device and a processing device, wherein the time domain wavelength mapping shaping device is used for carrying out pulse stretching and shaping on femtosecond pulses output by a femtosecond laser to form sub-pulses with n different wavelength components; the three-dimensional spectrum imaging device is used for recording n pieces of image information at different moments after n sub-pulse amplitudes or phases are modulated by the object to be detected in sequence, and the image reconstruction device is used for carrying out image reconstruction on n pieces of image information of the three-dimensional spectrum imaging device to obtain n three-dimensional space resolution imaging images of the object to be detected.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of high-speed imaging, and particularly relates to a trillion-amplitude frequency full-light framing three-dimensional holographic imaging device and method.
Background
The high-speed imaging technology is an important test method for researching a high-speed movement process, and is an imaging technology with different amplitude frequencies and time resolution for measuring transient events in different time change processes. The current mainstream high-speed imaging technology can be divided into three main categories, namely a rotating mirror high-speed camera technology based on mechanical light splitting, a high-speed imaging technology based on photoelectric technology, including a photoelectric framing camera, an image converter tube framing/scanning camera and the like, and a full-light imaging technology based on a stroboscopic light source, including a pump-detection imaging technology, a sequence time coding full-light framing imaging technology and the like.
The speed of a mechanical rotating mirror camera is limited by a rotating mechanism, a high-speed imaging technology based on a photoelectric technology is limited by the bandwidth of an electronic system, and the picosecond time resolution imaging diagnosis requirements cannot be met for the processes of picosecond to femtosecond atomic time scale physics (laser plasma tail field accelerator, fast ignition pulse, impact wave front edge, light speed moving target), chemistry (electron and atomic nucleus interaction and explosive reaction kinetics), biology, and materiality (femtosecond laser processing). To achieve ultra-high speed imaging with femtosecond and picosecond time resolution, a pump-probe imaging technology is generally adopted, the exposure time is determined by the femtosecond pulse width, and the amplitude interval is determined by each optical path delay. Its advantages are high time resolution and more effective pixels. The greatest limitation of the pump-probe technique is that the object under test must be highly repeatable and consistent. Pump detection methods are not practical for difficult-to-repeat probabilistic or complex events such as explosions, laser fusion studies, quantum mechanical processes, shock wave-to-biological cell interactions, enzymatic reactions, and semiconductor thermodynamic processes. Therefore, the development of a high-speed framing imaging technology capable of realizing single diagnosis of a transient ultrafast process has important scientific significance for promoting the development of the basic scientific research.
The current high-speed framing imaging technology capable of realizing single diagnosis of a transient ultrafast process can be divided into two types: one is ultra-fast imaging technology which does not need special light source active illumination, and the other is ultra-fast imaging technology which needs active illumination such as femtosecond pulse, chirp pulse and the like. The ultra-fast imaging technology without special light source active illumination comprises a single ultra-fast imaging technology based on a scanning camera and an ultra-fast imaging technology based on an information compression theory, and the core of the ultra-fast imaging technology is that a two-dimensional image is decomposed or the two-dimensional image is compressed through information coding and then recorded by a converter tube scanning camera along with time evolution, and then a framing image is reconstructed from the recorded two-dimensional image. The single ultra-fast imaging technology based on the scanning camera can realize exposure time and amplitude interval of 2ps, but the effective pixel number is extremely low, and the application range is severely limited. The ultra-fast imaging technology based on the information compression theory has the advantages that framing imaging is limited by a compressed sensing reconstruction method, the time resolution is about 31ps at the highest, and the ps magnitude is difficult at present. Limited by information compression, the spatial resolution is also low, and a certain distance from the practical application is also provided. The ultra-high speed imaging technology requiring active illumination such as femtosecond pulse, chirp pulse and the like comprises a single computer tomography technology and a sequence time coding full-optical framing imaging technology, wherein the single computer tomography technology can realize picosecond time resolution, but only can obtain the process that a certain section evolves along with time, and the specificity of an optical path structure has certain requirements on the field of view of a diagnosis object. The sequential time-coded plenoptic framing camera is called the world's highest speed camera, with a frame spacing of up to 4.4 trillion frames per second, with a pixel resolution of 450 pixels by 450 pixels. The technology only realizes 6-frame imaging at present, and if more frame imaging needs to be realized, an imaging light path is relatively complex and difficult to adjust. Meanwhile, the technology is limited by the coherence length of ultrashort pulses to realize a time domain interference mode, and is required to realize a denser initial interference fringe and also put forward higher requirements on the adjustment of an optical path.
If the three-dimensional space resolution diagnosis of the semitransparent medium or the particle field can be realized on the basis of the time resolution of femtoseconds and picoseconds, the method has more practical significance for understanding the ultra-fast processes such as the interaction of femtosecond laser and substances, the acceleration of a laser tail field, the dynamic fluctuation of femtosecond impact and the like. The holographic technology is based on the coherence of a light source, the spatial information of a target is recorded in an interference mode through various means, and then the spatial information of the target is extracted by adopting a matched reproduction technology. The reproduction process can obtain not only the spatial intensity information of the target, but also the spatial phase information of the target. The holographic technology has the characteristics of high spatial resolution, three-dimensional resolution, phase resolution and the like just because the phase information can be extracted with high quality. Therefore, the holographic technology has very important application in slow processes such as biological cell phase information extraction, flow field distribution three-dimensional diagnosis and the like, and rapid processes such as engine spray particle analysis, pulse plasma density distribution, micro-spray particle size distribution under strong shock wave loading and the like. The transient multi-amplitude holographic technology can give out all information of a single amplitude, evolution of a target along with time, and richer information such as position, density, first-order derivative, second-order derivative and the like of the position along with time, so that theoretical development and simulation of high-voltage physics and high-energy density physics science are greatly promoted.
With the development of high-voltage materials and high-field science, people pay more attention to the material properties under ultra-high voltage and the interaction between the high-field and substances, and the ultra-high voltage and high-field states often exist only in a very short time range, so that higher requirements are put on holographic diagnosis technology. For example, micro-jet phenomenon under ultra-high pressure dynamic loading requires holographic diagnostic techniques with spatial resolution in the micrometer scale and time resolution in the picosecond or even femtosecond scale. The development of higher time resolution single-frame hologram technology can give critical data such as spatial position, density and phase of the ultrafast process. The most commonly used transient multi-image holographic technology at present is an ultrafast volume holographic framing imaging technology based on angle multiplexing, the technology provides interference of reference light and object light with different incident angles when recording image information at different moments by carrying out angle coding on the reference light incident angle, and can realize overlapping recording of a plurality of images in the same recording area, but the technology is limited by the working time interval of a high-speed wave plate, the repetition frequency of a laser and the like, the time resolution can be up to 10ns, and the holographic three-dimensional imaging requirement of picosecond and femtosecond physical processes cannot be met. So far, no report is made on an ultrafast imaging device capable of simultaneously realizing trillion-amplitude frequency and holographic three-dimensional imaging.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, a three-dimensional holographic imaging device and a three-dimensional holographic imaging method with trillion amplitude frequency full-optical framing are provided; the system is not limited by electronic bandwidth, can break through the technical limitations of traditional pump detection, single ultrafast imaging based on a scanning camera, ultrafast imaging based on an information compression theory, single computer tomography, sequential time coding full-optical framing imaging and the like, can be provided with a full-optical framing imaging device with trillion amplitude frequencies, and can also be provided with an ultrafast imaging system with a holographic three-dimensional imaging function.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a three-dimensional holographic imaging device of full light framing of trillion amplitude frequency includes:
the time domain wavelength mapping shaping module is used for forming chirped pulses after the femtosecond pulses output by the femtosecond laser pass through the pulse widening element, and then forming n sub-pulses with different wavelength components after the chirped pulses pass through the pulse shaping element;
the three-dimensional spectrum imaging module is used for modulating the amplitude or the phase of the n sub-pulses through a target to be detected, and then recording the image information of the n different sub-pulses carrying the information of the target to be detected through a holographic recording medium;
and the image reconstruction module is used for carrying out image reconstruction on the image information of the n different sub-pulses carrying the information of the target to be detected, so as to obtain an imaging image of the target to be detected.
Further, the three-dimensional spectrum imaging module is a three-dimensional imaging light path based on a filter, and the light path comprises an objective lens and an n-level holographic recording device; the nth stage holographic recording device comprises an nth stage bandpass filter, a lens corresponding to the nth stage bandpass filter and a holographic recording medium; the sub-pulses with n different wavelength components sequentially pass through a target to be detected, then pass through an objective lens, and then sequentially pass through a first-stage band-pass filter, a 2 nd-stage band-pass filter and an n-stage band-pass filter of the n-stage holographic recording device; meanwhile, the sub-pulses which do not penetrate through the nth stage of band-pass filter plates sequentially pass through lenses corresponding to the nth stage of band-pass filter plates, and image information carrying target information to be detected is recorded in a holographic recording medium; n is less than or equal to delta lambda c/delta lambda f; where Δλc is the femtosecond pulse spectral width and Δλf is the filter width of the bandpass filter.
Further, the three-dimensional spectrum imaging module is a volume holographic recording light path, and the light path comprises a light path branching structure, an n-path cascading reference light path structure and an object light path structure; the sub-pulses of n different wavelength components are divided into two paths of light after passing through the light path branching structure; after one path of light passes through the reference light path structure, n paths of reference light are formed, and then the reference light reaches the holographic recording medium; the other path of light passes through the object to be measured, after the amplitude and the phase of the light are modulated, n sub-pulse image information carrying the information of the object to be measured are formed, and after the n sub-pulse image information sequentially interfere with the object light respectively, the n sub-pulse image information is recorded on a holographic recording medium; n is less than or equal to delta lambda c/delta lambda f; where Δλc is the femtosecond pulse spectral width and Δλf is the filter width of the bandpass filter.
Further, the n-path cascading reference light structure comprises n-level band-pass filters and reflector groups corresponding to each filter; the sub-pulse output by the optical path branching structure sequentially passes through a first-stage band-pass filter, a second-stage band-pass filter, a third-stage band-pass filter and a fourth-stage band-pass filter of the n-stage band-pass filter; the sub-pulse which does not penetrate through the n-th level band-pass filter passes through the reflecting mirror group corresponding to the level band-pass filter in sequence, then the sub-pulse interferes with object light of the holographic recording medium, and n pieces of image information are recorded in the holographic recording medium; the reflector group behind the reference light path is used for adjusting the optical path length of the branch so that the optical path length of the optical path branch is equal to the optical path length of the object light path passing through the reflector group.
Further, the holographic recording medium is a CCD or a holographic dry plate; when the holographic recording medium is a CCD, the image reconstruction module calculates the information recorded by n CCDs through an optical diffraction algorithm or a digital holographic classical algorithm to respectively and correspondingly obtain n three-dimensional space resolution imaging images, namely an object image to be detected; when the holographic recording medium is a holographic dry plate, the image reconstruction module performs image scanning on the holographic dry plate in a slice scanning mode to respectively and correspondingly obtain n three-dimensional space resolution imaging images, namely the target image to be detected.
A trillion amplitude frequency all-optical framing imaging method comprises the following steps:
forming chirped pulses after the femtosecond pulses output by the femtosecond laser pass through the pulse widening element, and forming n sub-pulses with different wavelength components after the chirped pulses pass through the pulse shaping element;
modulating the amplitude or phase of the n sub-pulses through a target to be detected, and recording the image information of n different sub-pulses carrying the information of the target to be detected through a holographic recording medium;
and carrying out image reconstruction on the image information of n different sub-pulses carrying the information of the target to be detected, and obtaining an imaging image of the target to be detected.
Further, the holographic recording medium records n pieces of image information carrying different sub-pulses of the target information to be detected, wherein the image information passes through a three-dimensional imaging optical path based on a filter, and the optical path comprises an objective lens and an n-level holographic recording device; the nth stage holographic recording device comprises an nth stage bandpass filter, a lens corresponding to the nth stage bandpass filter and a holographic recording medium; the sub-pulses with n different wavelength components sequentially pass through a target to be detected, then pass through an objective lens, and then sequentially pass through a first-stage band-pass filter, a 2 nd-stage band-pass filter and an n-stage band-pass filter of the n-stage holographic recording device; meanwhile, the sub-pulses which do not penetrate through the nth stage of band-pass filter plates sequentially pass through lenses corresponding to the nth stage of band-pass filter plates, and image information carrying target information to be detected is recorded in a holographic recording medium; n is less than or equal to delta lambda c/delta lambda f; where Δλc is the femtosecond pulse spectral width and Δλf is the filter width of the bandpass filter.
Further, the holographic recording medium records n pieces of image information carrying different sub-pulses of the target information to be detected through a volume holographic recording light path, and the light path comprises a light path branching structure, n paths of cascaded reference light path structures and an object light path structure; the sub-pulses of n different wavelength components are divided into two paths of light after passing through the light path branching structure; after one path of light passes through the reference light path structure, n paths of reference light are formed, and then the reference light reaches the holographic recording medium; the other path of light passes through the object to be measured, after the amplitude and the phase of the light are modulated, n sub-pulse image information carrying the information of the object to be measured are formed, and after the n sub-pulse image information sequentially interfere with the object light respectively, the n sub-pulse image information is recorded on a holographic recording medium; n is less than or equal to delta lambda c/delta lambda f; where Δλc is the femtosecond pulse spectral width and Δλf is the filter width of the bandpass filter.
Further, the reference light structure of the path cascade comprises n-level band-pass filters and a reflector group corresponding to each filter; the sub-pulse output by the optical path branching structure sequentially passes through a first-stage band-pass filter, a second-stage band-pass filter, a third-stage band-pass filter and a fourth-stage band-pass filter of the n-stage band-pass filter; the sub-pulse which does not penetrate through the n-th level band-pass filter passes through the reflecting mirror group corresponding to the level band-pass filter in sequence, then the sub-pulse interferes with object light of the holographic recording medium, and n pieces of image information are recorded in the holographic recording medium; the reflector group behind the reference light path is used for adjusting the optical path length of the branch so that the optical path length of the optical path branch is equal to the optical path length of the object light path passing through the reflector group.
Further, the holographic recording medium is a CCD or a holographic dry plate; when the holographic recording medium is a CCD, the image reconstruction refers to the calculation of information recorded by the CCD through an optical diffraction algorithm or a digital holographic classical algorithm, and n three-dimensional space resolution imaging images, namely n target images to be detected, are respectively and correspondingly reconstructed; when the holographic recording medium is a holographic dry plate, image reconstruction refers to image scanning of the holographic dry plate in a slice scanning mode, and n three-dimensional space resolution imaging images, namely n target images to be detected, are obtained through corresponding reconstruction respectively.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
compared with the prior transient multi-amplitude holographic imaging technology, the trillion amplitude frequency full-light framing three-dimensional holographic imaging system provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects: firstly, the defect that a photoelectric framing system or an image converter tube scanning framing system recorded by MCP can only be used for billion amplitude frequency (nanosecond and sub-nanosecond time resolution) imaging can be overcome, and picosecond and hundred femtosecond time resolution framing imaging in the transient process of sub-nanosecond and picosecond can be realized; secondly, compared with the existing full-light framing imaging technology, the recorded frame size is greatly increased, and ultrahigh space-time resolution can be realized; thirdly, based on holographic three-dimensional imaging record of wide spectrum, three-dimensional space resolution measurement of the object to be measured can be realized.
Drawings
The invention will now be described by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
fig. 1 is a diagram showing the whole structure.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a time domain wavelength mapping shaping system.
Fig. 3 is a diagram of an example of a time domain wavelength mapping shaped optical path.
Fig. 4 is a block diagram of a first three-dimensional spectral imaging module.
Fig. 5 is a block diagram of a second three-dimensional spectral imaging module.
Reference numerals:
FP-femtosecond pulse CP-chirped pulse SP-n sub-pulses
BS-beam splitter G1, G2-grating pair G3, G4-grating pair
M1, M2-mirror pair M3, M4-mirror pair L1, L2-lens
SLM-spatial light modulator.
Detailed Description
All of the features disclosed in this specification, or all of the steps in a method or process disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except for mutually exclusive features and/or steps.
Any feature disclosed in this specification may be replaced by alternative features serving the same or equivalent purpose, unless expressly stated otherwise. That is, each feature is one example only of a generic series of equivalent or similar features, unless expressly stated otherwise.
Description of the invention:
1. the n sub-pulses are equal in optical path length to the holographic recording medium along any branch;
2. the band-pass filter plate is used for selecting the wavelength component corresponding to one sub-pulse to be not transmitted (reflected), and the light with the rest wavelengths is transmitted completely, so that each sub-pulse is selected to be in an original light path;
description of the various components:
the working process of the patent comprises the following steps: as shown in fig. 1, the femtosecond laser component firstly emits a femtosecond pulse with a wide spectrum, and the time domain wavelength mapping and shaping device comprises two functions: pulse stretching and pulse shaping, wherein the pulse stretching is to perform time domain wavelength mapping on femtosecond pulses with wide spectrum to obtain chirped pulses with the wavelength changing along with time, the pulse shaping function is to shape the chirped pulses into pulse trains of component pulses with different wavelengths, and the wavelength time mapping relation is unchanged in the process of converting the chirped pulses into the pulse trains. The component pulses with different wavelengths pass through the object to be detected, the image information of the object to be detected at different moments can be recorded, then the image information carried by the multiple sub-pulses is recorded through a holographic three-dimensional imaging system, and finally the image reconstruction system is utilized to reconstruct multiple pieces of image information.
The invention comprises the following components:
(1) Actively illuminating the femtosecond laser assembly:
the active illumination light source is used for providing an active illumination light source for an all-optical framing holographic three-dimensional imaging system, and certain pulse width, frequency spectrum width and single pulse energy requirements are required to be met. The relationship between the pulse width and the spectrum width of the femtosecond laser is limited by the fourier transform limit, and the relationship has a limiting effect on the performance parameters of a post-spectrum imaging (space-division imaging) device. When the frequency spectrum width of the femtosecond pulse output by the femtosecond laser is fixed, the more the imaging amplitude is, the narrower the sub-pulse spectrum width of each image is recorded, the longer the pulse width is, so that the amplitude frequency of the imaging system is low, and vice versa, and therefore, light sources with different pulse widths and frequency spectrum widths are required to be selected according to specific imaging amplitude and amplitude frequency requirements.
(2) Time domain wavelength mapping and shaping device
As shown in fig. 2, the time domain wavelength mapping shaping device includes two parts of a pulse stretching element and a pulse shaping element, where the pulse stretching element needs to select three or more modes according to the measurement time requirement of the target to be measured: 1) Glass rod, 2: grating pair and prism pair, 3) stretching elements with different stretching capacities such as optical fibers, and the pulse shaping part comprises a Spatial Light Modulator (SLM), a first diffraction grating G3, a second diffraction grating G4, a first lens L1 and a second lens L2; the first diffraction grating G4 (incidence grating), the first lens L1, the spatial light modulator SLM, the second diffraction grating G4 and the second lens L2 are sequentially optically connected; the spatial light modulator SLM, the first diffraction grating G3, the second diffraction grating G4, the first lens L1, and the second lens L2 are all equally spaced apart by the focal length of the lenses.
The working process is as follows:
step 1: the femtosecond pulse passes through the pulse stretching element to form chirped pulse;
step 2: the chirped pulse is focused on a plane where a Spatial Light Modulator (SLM) is located after passing through a first diffraction grating (G3) and a first lens (L1), so that first Fourier transform is realized, and the pulse is converted into a frequency domain from a time domain;
the phase and amplitude of each frequency component in the chirped pulse are changed by adopting a Spatial Light Modulator (SLM), then the chirped pulse passes through a second lens L2 and a second diffraction grating G4 to realize inverse Fourier transform, output light is converted into a time domain from a frequency domain, the separated frequency components are recombined together, so that the needed n sub-pulse time domain shaping pulses with different wavelengths are obtained, and then the sub-pulse time domain shaping pulses are output;
the stretching of the femtosecond pulse can realize a plurality of chirped pulses with typical recording lengths (about 2ps, about 10ps, about 50ps and about 100 ps) through the combination of the glass rod and the grating pair so as to meet the diagnosis requirements of different physical processes such as laser driving plasma, THz lattice vibration waves and the like. Glass rod broadening depends on the dispersion of glass materials for different wavelengths, and its broadening capacity is related to the material dispersion coefficient and the material thickness. Grating-to-pulse broadening is to make the optical path length of blue light (high frequency component) of different wavelengths diffracted by the grating longer than that of red light (low frequency component), so that dispersion is generated to broaden the pulse, and the pulse broadening is related to the grating line pair number and the grating-to-distance. The design realizes the adjustability of the measuring time range and greatly expands the application range of the imaging system. In the pulse stretching part, other stretching devices such as a prism pair, a chirp mirror and the like can be selected, but in the aspects of preparation cost, sensitivity, adjustability and the like, the combination of the glass rod and the grating pair is an optimal stretching scheme.
The pulse stretching element functions as: the time domain wavelength mapping is realized by using widening elements such as glass rods, grating pairs, prism pairs, optical fibers and the like. The stretching principle is as follows: based on the principle of chromatic dispersion of light, different spectral components of the femtosecond pulse propagate at different speeds under a dispersive medium, so that the time domain waveform of the pulse changes.
The pulse shaping element functions as: the ultra-short light pulse with any shape required by a user is generated through the control of the phase and the amplitude, wherein the chirped pulse is shaped into a sequence sub-pulse train with different wavelengths, and the wavelength time mapping relation is unchanged. In the whole full-light framing holographic three-dimensional imaging system, the pulse shaping device is omitted, so that the full-light framing holographic three-dimensional imaging function can be realized, but the imaging index and effect are greatly reduced, and the imaging index of trillion amplitude frequency cannot be realized. The pulse shaping optical path can modulate the widened chirped pulse into a sequence pulse with the wavelength changing along with time or a chirped pulse with equal amplitude, so that the crosstalk among different wavelength components is reduced, and the signal-to-noise ratio is improved. This part of the optical path is not an essential component of full-light framing imaging.
Specific examples of pulse stretching elements: as shown in fig. 3:
1) When the femtosecond pulse realizes the hundred femtosecond pulse stretching, a glass rod is used as a pulse stretching element; outputting chirped pulses to a pulse shaping element after the femtosecond pulses pass through the glass rod;
2) When the femtosecond pulse is stretched by 1ps to 100ps, the femtosecond pulse is used as a stretching element by a beam splitter, a grating pair and a prism pair, wherein after passing through the beam splitter, the femtosecond pulse is incident by taking a blazed angle of an incident grating in the grating pair as an incident angle; the femtosecond pulse passes through the grating pair, then passes through the prism pair and the reflecting mirror, returns through the original path, passes through the grating pair and the beam splitter and then is output to the pulse shaping element;
3) When the femtosecond pulse realizes ns-order pulse stretching, the femtosecond pulse is used as a pulse stretching device through an optical fiber; after the femtosecond pulse passes through the optical fiber, the chirped pulse is output to the pulse shaping element.
Specific examples of pulse shaping elements:
the pulse shaping element is realized through a pulse shaping light path with a 4f structure; the incidence angle of the chirped pulse is coincident with the blaze angle of the incident grating of the pulse shaping optical path of the 4f structure; wherein the spatial light modulator-is replaced by an acousto-optic modulator, a holographic mask, a anamorphic mirror, and an array of micro mirrors.
Pulse shaping optical path working principle of 4f structure: as shown in fig. 3:
after the chirped pulse is input through the first grating G3 (incident grating) and the lens L1, the chirped pulse is focused on a plane where the spatial light modulator is located, so that the first Fourier transform is realized, and the pulse is converted into a frequency domain from a time domain. The phase and amplitude of each frequency component in the chirped pulse can be changed by adopting a spatial light modulator-SLM, then the chirped pulse passes through a lens L2 and a grating G4 to realize inverse Fourier transform, output light is converted from a frequency domain to a time domain, and separated frequency components are recombined together, so that the required time domain shaping pulse is obtained, and the spatial light modulator-SLM can also be replaced by other modulation masks, such as an acousto-optic modulator, a holographic mask and the like.
(3) Three-dimensional spectrum imaging module:
the recording of the image information of n different sub-pulses carrying the object information to be measured corresponding to different moments can be realized by n or one holographic recording medium, and the imaging optical paths are respectively shown in fig. 4 and 5. The scheme shown in FIG. 4 is through a bandpass filterThe method comprises the steps of recording n image signals (three-dimensional information) carrying different sub-pulses of target information to be detected on n corresponding holographic recording media, wherein reference light is not required to be introduced, n bandpass filters and n holographic recording media are required for recording n image information, but the more the number of bandpass filters and holographic recording media is not, the more the number of the bandpass filters and the holographic recording media is, the more the number of the imaging system is, and the imaging system number is limited by the performance of the filters and the femtosecond pulse width. The highest filtering width of the current filter plate can be up to 3nm, and when the femtosecond pulse spectrum width delta lambda is fixed, the highest imaging amplitude number n which can be realized by the system is delta lambda/(3 x 10) -9 ). The holographic recording medium can adopt CCD or holographic dry plate, and the corresponding reproduction modes of different recording mediums are different. The recording scheme is suitable for recording objects with obvious diffraction effects such as micro-spray particles and the like, and can be used for two-dimensional ultrahigh space-time resolution framing imaging of an ultrafast process without diffraction phenomenon.
In fig. 5, the sub-pulses of n different wavelength components are split into two by a beam splitter: one path of light always reaches the particle field along a fixed light path and is used as object light of the whole hologram; and the other part passes through the filter set, each filter is used for selecting the wavelength component corresponding to one sub-pulse to be not transmitted, and the rest light is completely transmitted, so that each sub-pulse is selected to be in an original light path, different pulses can reach the recording medium along different light paths, and the pulse light reaching the recording medium along different light paths is used as reference light of the whole hologram.
The core of the angle multiplexing volume hologram recording implementation of fig. 5 is: 1. each sub-pulse (the total number of pulses is equal to the total number of reference light branches) respectively passes through an object light path and a reference light path and then interferes on a recording medium at different included angles; 2. holograms formed by different included angles have different fringe pitches or fringe periods, and the Bragg selectivity of the combination hologram or the information of different fringe pitches in the same interference region can be read out through two-dimensional spatial spectrum analysis (namely, the same fringe pitch corresponds to one holographic image record).
Embodiment one: for example: when ultra-fast process measurement is performed using visible light, the femtosecond pulse center wavelength is: 780nm and spectrum width of 30nm, and the index of selecting the liquid crystal spatial light modulator by the spatial light modulator is as follows: number of pixels: 1920 x 1080, pixel size: 8.0um, image plane size: 15.36mm x 8.64mm, filling factor: 92%, the focal length of the lens is 200mm, and the corresponding grating constant is 600line/mm and the grating incidence angle is 30 degrees. The relevant parameters should be calculated based on specific temporal, spatial, depth of field resolution.
The invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The invention extends to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the features disclosed in this specification, as well as to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the steps of the method or process disclosed.
Claims (6)
1. A trillion amplitude frequency all-optical framing three-dimensional holographic imaging device is characterized by comprising:
the time domain wavelength mapping shaping module is used for forming chirped pulses after the femtosecond pulses output by the femtosecond laser pass through the pulse widening element, and then forming sub-pulses with n different wavelength components after the chirped pulses pass through the pulse shaping element;
the three-dimensional spectrum imaging module is used for modulating the amplitude or the phase of the n sub-pulses through a target to be detected, and then recording the image information of the n different sub-pulses carrying the information of the target to be detected through a holographic recording medium;
the image reconstruction module is used for carrying out image reconstruction on the n pieces of image information carrying different sub-pulses of the target information to be detected, and respectively obtaining n three-dimensional space resolution imaging images, namely n target images to be detected;
the three-dimensional spectrum imaging module is a three-dimensional imaging light path based on a multi-stage filter, and the light path comprises an objective lens and an n-stage holographic recording device; the nth stage holographic recording device comprises an nth stage bandpass filter, a lens corresponding to the nth stage bandpass filter and a holographic recording medium; the sub-pulses with n different wavelength components sequentially pass through a target to be detected, then pass through an objective lens, and then sequentially pass through a first-stage band-pass filter, a 2 nd-stage band-pass filter and an n-stage band-pass filter of the n-stage holographic recording device; meanwhile, the sub-pulses which do not penetrate through the nth stage of band-pass filter plates sequentially pass through lenses corresponding to the nth stage of band-pass filter plates, and image information carrying target information to be detected is recorded in a holographic recording medium; n is less than or equal to delta lambda c/delta lambda f; wherein Δλc is the femtosecond pulse spectral width, and Δλf is the filter width of the band-pass filter; n band-pass filters and n holographic recording media are needed for recording n pieces of image information, and the imaging width of the system is limited by the performance of the filters and the femtosecond pulse width;
or the three-dimensional spectrum imaging module is a volume holographic recording light path, and the light path comprises a light path branching structure, an n-path cascading reference light path structure and an object light path structure; the sub-pulses of n different wavelength components are divided into two paths of light after passing through the light path branching structure; after one path of light passes through the reference light path structure, n paths of reference light are formed, and then the reference light reaches the holographic recording medium; the other path of light passes through the object to be measured, after the amplitude and the phase of the light are modulated, n sub-pulse image information carrying the information of the object to be measured are formed, and after the n sub-pulse image information sequentially interfere with the object light respectively, the n sub-pulse image information is recorded on a holographic recording medium; n is less than or equal to delta lambda c/delta lambda f; wherein Δλc is the femtosecond pulse spectral width, and Δλf is the filter width of the band-pass filter; each sub-pulse respectively passes through the object light path and the reference light path and then interferes on the recording medium with different included angles, holograms formed by the different included angles have different fringe intervals or fringe periods, and the Bragg selectivity of the combination hologram or the information of different fringe intervals in the same interference area can be read out through two-dimensional space spectrum analysis.
2. The trillion amplitude frequency full-optical framing three-dimensional holographic imaging device according to claim 1, wherein the n-path cascading reference light structure comprises n-level band-pass filters and a reflector group corresponding to each filter; the sub-pulse output by the optical path branching structure sequentially penetrates through a first-stage band-pass filter and a second-stage band-pass filter of the n-stage band-pass filter, and the n-stage band-pass filter is the same as the first-stage band-pass filter; the sub-pulse which does not penetrate through the n-th level band-pass filter passes through the reflecting mirror group corresponding to the level band-pass filter in sequence, then the sub-pulse interferes with object light of the holographic recording medium, and n pieces of image information are recorded in the holographic recording medium; the reflector group behind the reference light path is used for adjusting the optical path length of the branch so that the optical path length of the optical path branch is equal to the optical path length of the object light path passing through the reflector group.
3. A trillion amplitude frequency full-optical framing three-dimensional holographic imaging device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein said holographic recording medium is a CCD or holographic dry plate; when the holographic recording medium is a CCD, the image reconstruction module calculates the information recorded by the CCD through an optical diffraction algorithm or a digital holographic classical algorithm to respectively and correspondingly obtain n three-dimensional space resolution imaging images, namely n target images to be detected; when the holographic recording medium is a holographic dry plate, the image reconstruction module performs image scanning on the holographic dry plate in a slice scanning mode, and n three-dimensional space resolution imaging images are correspondingly obtained, namely the target image to be detected.
4. A trillion amplitude frequency all-optical framing three-dimensional holographic imaging method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
forming chirped pulses after the femtosecond pulses output by the femtosecond laser pass through the pulse widening element, and forming n sub-pulses with different wavelength components after the chirped pulses pass through the pulse shaping element;
modulating the amplitude or phase of the n sub-pulses through a target to be detected, and recording the image information of n different sub-pulses carrying the information of the target to be detected through a holographic recording medium;
image reconstruction is carried out on the image information of n different sub-pulses carrying the information of the target to be detected, so that an imaging image of the target to be detected is obtained;
the holographic recording medium records n pieces of image information carrying different sub-pulses of target information to be detected through a three-dimensional imaging optical path based on a filter, wherein the optical path comprises an objective lens and an n-level holographic recording device; the nth stage holographic recording device comprises an nth stage bandpass filter, a lens corresponding to the nth stage bandpass filter and a holographic recording medium; the sub-pulses with n different wavelength components sequentially pass through a target to be detected, then pass through an objective lens, and then sequentially pass through a first-stage band-pass filter, a 2 nd-stage band-pass filter and an n-stage band-pass filter of the n-stage holographic recording device; meanwhile, the sub-pulses which do not penetrate through the nth stage of band-pass filter plates sequentially pass through lenses corresponding to the nth stage of band-pass filter plates, and image information carrying target information to be detected is recorded in a holographic recording medium; n is less than or equal to delta lambda c/delta lambda f; wherein Δλc is the femtosecond pulse spectral width, and Δλf is the filter width of the band-pass filter; n band-pass filters and n holographic recording media are needed for recording n pieces of image information, and the imaging width of the system is limited by the performance of the filters and the femtosecond pulse width;
or the holographic recording medium records n pieces of image information carrying different sub-pulses of target information to be detected through a volume holographic recording light path, wherein the light path comprises a light path branching structure, n paths of cascaded reference light path structures and an object light path structure; the sub-pulses of n different wavelength components are divided into two paths of light after passing through the light path branching structure; after one path of light passes through the reference light path structure, n paths of reference light are formed, and then the reference light reaches the holographic recording medium; the other path of light passes through the object to be measured, after the amplitude and the phase of the light are modulated, n sub-pulse image information carrying the information of the object to be measured are formed, and after the n sub-pulse image information sequentially interfere with the object light respectively, the n sub-pulse image information is recorded on a holographic recording medium; n is less than or equal to delta lambda c/delta lambda f; wherein Deltaλc is the femtosecond pulse spectral width, deltaλf is the filter width of the band-pass filter, each sub-pulse respectively passes through the object light path and the reference light path and then interferes on the recording medium at different included angles, holograms formed by different included angles have different fringe pitches or fringe periods, and the Bragg selectivity of the combination hologram or the information of different fringe pitches in the same interference area can be read out through two-dimensional spatial spectrum analysis.
5. The trillion-amplitude frequency full-optical framing three-dimensional holographic imaging method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the n-path cascading reference light structure comprises n-level band-pass filters and a reflector group corresponding to each filter; the sub-pulse output by the optical path branching structure sequentially penetrates through a first-stage band-pass filter and a second-stage band-pass filter of the n-stage band-pass filter, and the n-stage band-pass filter is the same as the first-stage band-pass filter; the sub-pulse which does not penetrate through the n-th level band-pass filter passes through the reflecting mirror group corresponding to the level band-pass filter in sequence, then the sub-pulse interferes with object light of the holographic recording medium, and n pieces of image information are recorded in the holographic recording medium; the reflector group behind the reference light path is used for adjusting the optical path length of the branch so that the optical path length of the optical path branch is equal to the optical path length of the object light path passing through the reflector group.
6. A trillion amplitude frequency full-optical framing three-dimensional holographic imaging method as claimed in any one of claims 4 to 5, wherein said holographic recording medium is a CCD or a holographic dry plate; when the holographic recording medium is a CCD, the image reconstruction refers to the calculation of information recorded by the CCD through an optical diffraction algorithm or a digital holographic classical algorithm, and n images are reconstructed, namely the target image to be detected; when the holographic recording medium is a holographic dry plate, image reconstruction refers to image scanning of the holographic dry plate in a slice scanning mode, and n three-dimensional space resolution imaging images, namely n target images to be detected, are respectively and correspondingly obtained.
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