CN104374465A - Subway low-frequency vibration test device and method based on fiber bragg grating sensors - Google Patents
Subway low-frequency vibration test device and method based on fiber bragg grating sensors Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A subway low-frequency vibration test device based on fiber bragg grating sensors comprises fiber bragg grating sensor sets, a fiber bragg grating demodulator and a monitoring host, wherein each fiber bragg grating sensor set comprises a fiber bragg grating acceleration sensor and a temperature sensor, the fiber bragg grating sensor sets are installed on steel rails, a track plate and a lining of a subway respectively, the fiber bragg grating sensor sets are connected with one end of a communication optical cable, the other end of the communication optical cable is connected with an optical branching box, the optical branching box is connected with the fiber bragg grating demodulator through a multi-core optical cable, and the fiber bragg grating demodulator is connected to the monitoring host through a wireless network or a network data line. The invention further provides a subway low-frequency vibration test method based on the fiber bragg grating sensors. The subway low-frequency vibration test device is compact in structure, good in stability, high in sensitivity, resistant to electromagnetic interference and high in adaptive capacity to the environment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the monitoring of infrastructure architecture safety and Health field, specifically subway low-frequency vibration testing apparatus and method of testing thereof.
Background technology
Along with Urbanization in China is constantly accelerated, urban population gets more and more, and this brings huge pressure to urban transportation, and the advantage that subway is quick, convenient because of it, handling capacity of passengers is large and meeting the tendency is widely applied.Subway is all being built energetically in current each big city, plan according to track traffic Long-and Medium-term Development, during 12, by the rail line of construction 2500 kilometers, by construction 3000 kilometers during 13, to 13 ends, whole nation rail transportation operation mileage will reach 7000 kilometers, but current domestic subway construction presents the present situation of " rebuilding heavily not foster " more, especially still belongs in development the stage in China's subway construction, this can bury potential safety hazard to operation and the stable of surrounding buildings in the future of subway.
Modern many, the mutual intersections of subway tunnel quantity and the feature such as highly dense propose strict requirement to subway work, modern railway transportation overall trip speed improves constantly, the dynamic action of subway to track is increasing, and this has higher requirement to track traffic safety again.The vibration of the subway tunnel caused due to metro operation each portion structure and surrounding environment is a kind of low-frequency vibration, the health of this low-frequency vibration to subway vegetation along the line and neighbouring resident has certain influence, moreover, low-frequency vibration also has significantly affecting to construction of structures.Xiang Hu stand subway station cave in accident in Hangzhou is exactly probably that because construction of structures quality is comparatively large, natural frequency is lower, therefore easily occurs resonate and produce engineering accident under low-frequency vibration impact due to around caused by automobile caused by ground low-frequency vibration to have scholar to point out.Therefore, quite important to the detect delay of low-frequency vibration caused in metro operation process.
The current monitoring for subway is main mainly with deformation monitoring, adopt the methods such as total powerstation, measurement of the level, convergence clubs, case for Subway Vibration test during metro operation is then fewer, is therefore necessary to develop a set of testing apparatus to subway low-frequency vibration.The present invention, just based on this purpose, adopts fiber grating sensing technology to record the vibration acceleration situation in each portion of subway tunnel, and then can learn the Vibration Condition of whole subway tunnel.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the complex structure of existing subway low-frequency vibration testing apparatus, less stable, sensitivity lower, cannot the poor deficiency of electromagnetism interference, environmental suitability, the invention provides a kind of compact conformation, good stability, highly sensitive, electromagnetism interference, adaptive capacity to environment strong based on fiber-optic grating sensor subway low-frequency vibration testing apparatus and method of testing thereof.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
A kind of based on fiber-optic grating sensor subway low-frequency vibration testing apparatus, comprise fiber-optic grating sensor group, fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator and monitoring host computer, described fiber-optic grating sensor group comprises optical fibre grating acceleration sensor and temperature sensor, described fiber-optic grating sensor group is arranged on the rail of subway respectively, track plates and lining cutting place, described fiber-optic grating sensor is connected with communications optical cable one end, the described communications optical cable other end is connected to light box along separate routes, described light along separate routes box is connected with fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator by multifiber cable, described fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator is connected to monitoring host computer by wireless network or network data line, described monitoring host computer comprises:
Optical information acquisition module, is gathered for each channel reflection optical information put in each sampling time and is stored;
Spectrogram processing module, for being drawn on a spectrogram by the light reflectivity of each passage and wavelength information;
Wavelength graph processing module, for the wavelength information based on each each time point of passage, adopts Gauss curve fitting method to be changed in time by the wavelength of each passage and is drawn on wavelength graph;
Low frequency vibration measurement module, for surveyed wavelength is converted into acceleration by acceleration transducer configuration parameter, namely obtains the time dependent acceleration diagram of acceleration of surveyed rail of subway, track plates and lining cutting place.
Further, described Subway Vibration testing apparatus has multiple fiber-optic grating sensor group, and each fiber-optic grating sensor is connected with each branch optical fibers by welding, and each branch optical fibers is connected with light shunt box again.
Further again, described fiber grating accelerator sensor comprises acceleration detection mass, elastic support and fiber grating, and described acceleration detection mass, elastic support and fiber grating integration packaging are integrated.
Further, described fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator comprises power light, duty instruction, FC/APC optical interface, power switch, fan outlet, serial ports, Ethernet data interface and external power source input port.
A kind of subway low-frequency vibration method of testing, described method of testing comprises the steps:
(1) fiber-optic grating sensor group is arranged on the rail of subway, track plates and lining cutting place respectively;
(2) each fiber-optic grating sensor group and Transmission Fibers are connected and be connected to fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator, connect external power supply and open fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator power switch, fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator is launched light wave and is reached fiber-optic grating sensor place through Transmission Fibers, reflected light is sent to fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator place through Transmission Fibers again, and the reflected light of each sensor is carried out demodulation by fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator;
(3) each channel reflection optical information put in each sampling time is in real time gathered and is stored;
(4) light reflectivity of each passage and wavelength information are drawn on a spectrogram;
(5) based on the wavelength information of each each time point of passage, adopt Gauss curve fitting method to be changed in time by the wavelength of each passage and be drawn on wavelength graph;
(6) surveyed wavelength is converted into acceleration by acceleration transducer configuration parameter, namely obtains the time dependent acceleration diagram of institute's geodetic iron each portion acceleration.
In the present invention, subway low-frequency vibration test is realized based on fiber-optic grating sensor, the principle of fiber-optic grating sensor is the effect utilizing grating pair to strain linear wavelength variations, mass inertial force in sensor is passed to grating by mechanical principle, it is made to produce strain, thus cause the drift of fiber grating reflection wavelength, and then utilize the changed measurement acceleration of wavelength.Fiber-optic grating sensor has compact conformation, and degree of accuracy is high, electromagnetism interference, the adaptable characteristic in place, and can realize the characteristic that multi-point monitors simultaneously, and application prospect is large.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is mainly manifested in: (1) compared with traditional sensing technology, the advantages such as this subway low-frequency vibration testing apparatus has compact conformation, good stability, highly sensitive, electromagnetism interference, adaptive capacity to environment are strong; (2) this subway low-frequency vibration testing apparatus can realize detecting subway tunnel each portion low-frequency vibration by special optical fibre grating acceleration sensor; (3) this subway low-frequency vibration testing apparatus fiber-optic grating sensor is connected by Transmission Fibers with between fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator, and described like this sensor is separated with (FBG) demodulator, can realize remote test; (4) this subway low-frequency vibration test equipment carries out multi-point Real-Time Monitoring by the mode such as wavelength-division, empty point and time division multiplex to subway tunnel, can round-the-clock, long test subway rail, track plates and lining cutting vibration state.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of Subway Vibration testing apparatus.
Fig. 2 be in Fig. 1 fiber-optic grating sensor group and with light along separate routes box connection line schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is that phase mask legal system makes fiber grating schematic diagram
Fig. 4 is fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator front-panel structure schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 is fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator rear panel structure schematic diagram.
The using method schematic diagram of Fig. 6 Subway Vibration testing apparatus.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described.
With reference to Fig. 1 ~ Fig. 6, a kind of subway low-frequency vibration testing apparatus, comprise fiber-optic grating sensor group, fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator 4 and monitoring host computer 5, described fiber-optic grating sensor group comprises optical fibre grating acceleration sensor 1 and temperature sensor 2, described fiber-optic grating sensor group is arranged on the rail of subway respectively, track plates and lining cutting place, described fiber-optic grating sensor group is connected with communications optical cable one end, the described communications optical cable other end is connected to light box 3 along separate routes, described light along separate routes box 3 is connected with fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator 4 by multifiber cable, described fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator 4 is connected to monitoring host computer 5 by wireless network or network data line, described monitoring host computer comprises:
Optical information acquisition module, is gathered for each channel reflection optical information put in each sampling time and is stored;
Spectrogram processing module, for being drawn on a spectrogram by the light reflectivity of each passage and wavelength information;
Wavelength graph processing module, for the wavelength information based on each each time point of passage, adopts Gauss curve fitting method to be changed in time by the wavelength of each passage and is drawn on wavelength graph;
Low frequency vibration measurement module, for surveyed wavelength is converted into acceleration by acceleration transducer configuration parameter, namely obtains the time dependent acceleration diagram of acceleration of surveyed rail of subway, track plates and lining cutting place.
Further, described Subway Vibration testing apparatus has multiple fiber-optic grating sensor group, and each fiber-optic grating sensor is connected with each branch optical fibers by welding, and each branch optical fibers is connected with light shunt box again.
Further again, described fiber grating accelerator sensor 1 comprises acceleration detection mass, elastic support and fiber grating, and described acceleration detection mass, elastic support and fiber grating integration packaging are integrated.
Further, described fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator 4 comprises power light, duty instruction, FC/APC optical interface, power switch, fan outlet, serial ports, Ethernet data interface and external power source input port.
As shown in Figure 1, Subway Vibration testing apparatus comprises: optical fibre grating acceleration sensor 1 totally 6, temperature sensor 2, one point of eight light box 3, fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator 4 and monitoring host computer 5 along separate routes, wherein optical fibre grating acceleration sensor is individually fixed on the bottom of rail A, track plates B and on lining cutting C, fiber-optical grating temperature sensor is arranged on lining wall, wherein the sensor epoxy glue of rail foot and rail bond, sensor on track plates and lining wall is then fixed with setscrew, in order to test the vibration acceleration of rail, track plates and lining wall.One point of eight light box along separate routes, the incident light from fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator 4 is passed on each fiber-optic grating sensor by each branch road communications optical cable by it, and is collected by the reflected light from light grating sensor and be sent to fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator place.Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator 4 is connected to optical fibre grating acceleration sensor 1 and fiber-optical grating temperature sensor 2 place by Transmission Fibers and light shunt box 3, and the wavelength sensitive signal that demodulating fiber bragg grating sensor produces, monitoring host computer 5 receives the demodulating data to fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator 4 by network data line, and based on this data analysis Subway Vibration responsive status, realize the monitoring to subway safety and Health.
Fig. 2 be in Fig. 1 embodiment fiber-optic grating sensor group and with light along separate routes box connection line schematic diagram.As shown in Figure 2, optical fibre grating acceleration sensing 1 totally 6, is symmetrically arranged on rail foot, track plates and lining wall respectively between two, in order to measure the vibration acceleration of rail, track plates and lining wall; Fiber-optical grating temperature sensor 1, is arranged on lining wall.
Fig. 3 is that phase mask legal system makes fiber grating schematic diagram, this method irradiates phase mask j by using ultraviolet light i, the fiber grating of different wave length can be carved according to the difference in the cycle of phase mask j, phase mask utilizes electron beam 1 order diffraction light, and (the periodic light and shade striped that l and n) interference are formed exposes year hydrogen optical fiber and obtains fiber grating, this method does not rely on lambda1-wavelength, only relevant with the cycle of phase mask, enormously simplify the manufacturing process of fiber grating, reduce the restriction to Writing condition, utilize this optical device can repeat stably to make the fiber grating of high-quality.Because optical fiber only need directly be placed in the ultraviolet light near field diffraction pattern after phase mask usually, so the sensitivity that can reduce mechanical vibration and unstable problem.The fiber grating made has the following advantages: high reflectance, and fiber grating reflectivity is higher, then the distance transmitted in optical cable of signal is far away, and the number of connection of sensor is then more; High side mode suppression ratio and narrow bandwidth, the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of fiber grating side mode suppression ratio and bandwidth contributions system, while it is higher to touch rejection ratio, bandwidth is narrower, then the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of system is higher, and the interference performance of anti-external environment is stronger.
Further, each sensor and the welding of communications optical cable phase, Transmission Fibers external application PVC sleeve pipe d carries out protection to be fixed, and each branch road communications optical cable finally comes together in light box 3 place along separate routes, is connected to fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator finally by by multicore key light cable.
Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 is described fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator front and back panels schematic diagram, it is characterized in that it comprises:
Power light a: indicate current (FBG) demodulator electrical condition, bright during energising, extinguish during power-off;
Working station indicator b:
FC/APC optical interface c: have multiple interface, be connected, and an interface can connect multiple fiber-optic grating sensor simultaneously, receives the signal of described multiple fiber-optic grating sensor simultaneously with transmission main cable;
Power switch d: the electrical condition controlling fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator;
Fan outlet e: be convenient to light grating demodulation instrument inner air and convection outside, prevents from breaking down because instrument internal is overheated;
Serial ports f: for instrument testing;
Ethernet data interface g: be connected with monitoring host computer by network data line, realizes the demodulating data of (FBG) demodulator to transfer to monitoring host computer;
External power source input port h: be connected with external power supply, for fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator is powered.
In the present embodiment, fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator 4 has internal light source, and this internal light source sends to visit penetrates the fiber-optic grating sensor place that light is incident to test section.Optical fibre grating acceleration sensor is built-in with a mass, fiber grating is connected with mass, mass acts on fiber grating by the inertial force that extraneous vibration produces, make light grating produce strain thus cause the change of center reflection wavelength, being realized the measurement of acceleration by the drift value of determined wavelength; Fiber-optical grating temperature sensor 2 utilizes fiber grating reflection wavelength to carry out temperature monitoring to temperature sensitive properties, by transmission cable, wavelength information transferred to fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator 4 place.
Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator 4 receives the reflecting light from fiber-optic grating sensor, and this reflecting light is carried out demodulation analysis, last demodulating data is sent to monitoring host computer 5 via network data line, monitoring host computer is equipped with software this demodulating data carried out process and preserved, for the use analyzing the analysis of subway vibration state and subway circulation safety evaluatio.
According to underground railway track actual type and test needs, determine the use number of fiber-optic grating sensor, the mode such as time-division, empty point and wavelength-division multiplex can expand the quantity of fiber-optic grating sensor, thus form distributed fiber Bragg grating sensor network, realize the test of Subway Vibration multi-point.
Fig. 6 is the using method schematic diagram of subway low-frequency vibration testing apparatus.The Vibration Condition of the subway rail that this method utilizes optical fibre grating acceleration sensor 1 to respond to, track plates and lining cutting, and the real time temperature situation utilizing fiber-optical grating temperature sensor 2 to respond to.And the reflection wavelength of optical fibre grating acceleration sensor and fiber-optical grating temperature sensor has good corresponding relation with acceleration and temperature respectively, when the vibration acceleration change of rail, track plates, lining cutting, the bragg wavelength of the optical fibre grating acceleration sensor of test point also can change thereupon; Corresponding, if when test section temperature changes, then the bragg wavelength of fiber-optical grating temperature sensor 2 also can change thereupon.The wavelength variations signal of the reflection of above-mentioned each sensor is sent to fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator 4 by Transmission Fibers and carries out demodulation identification, demodulating data is sent to monitoring host computer 5 via network data line again, monitoring host computer 5 is equipped with monitoring of software, the Real-time demodulation data analysis that fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator 4 can be sent files, for analyzing subway vibratory response situation and operation security evaluation.
A kind of subway low-frequency vibration method of testing, described method of testing comprises the steps:
(1) fiber-optic grating sensor group is arranged on the rail of subway, track plates and lining cutting place respectively;
(2) each fiber-optic grating sensor group and Transmission Fibers are connected and be connected to fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator, connect external power supply and open fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator power switch, fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator is launched light wave and is reached fiber-optic grating sensor place through Transmission Fibers, reflected light is sent to fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator place through Transmission Fibers again, and the reflected light of each sensor is carried out demodulation by fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator;
(3) each channel reflection optical information put in each sampling time is in real time gathered and is stored;
(4) light reflectivity of each passage and wavelength information are drawn on a spectrogram;
(5) based on the wavelength information of each each time point of passage, adopt Gauss curve fitting method to be changed in time by the wavelength of each passage and be drawn on wavelength graph;
(6) surveyed wavelength is converted into acceleration by acceleration transducer configuration parameter, namely obtains the time dependent acceleration diagram of institute's geodetic iron each portion acceleration.
Before testing, debug: observe each channel spectrum, analyze spectral quality, can check that light path, sensor states be whether good with this, whether exist luminous power saturated, decay excessive, optical link fractures, bending excessive etc.
In sum, the solution of the present invention is applicable to the construction of subway, operation and maintenance, utilize the optical fibre grating acceleration sensor be arranged in rail, track plates and lining cutting, Real-Time Monitoring can be carried out, to realize monitoring the operation situation of subway to the low-frequency vibration of rail, track plates and lining cutting.The present invention adopts fiber grating sensing technology, and utilizes communications optical cable transmission signal, the advantages such as have compact conformation, degree of accuracy is high, electromagnetism interference, place strong adaptability.And fiber-optic grating sensor is separated installation with fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator, far-end monitoring can be realized.Meanwhile, the present invention can realize monitoring subway tunnel multi-point simultaneously, and can form Subway Vibration condition monitoring net, application prospect is good.The present invention with preferred embodiment openly as above, but not in order to limit protection scope of the present invention.Because low-frequency vibration extensively exists in life, the low-frequency vibration of most of construction of structures test all can adopt the present invention, or retouches a little the present invention and change and be applied.Protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with claims.
Claims (5)
1. one kind based on fiber-optic grating sensor subway low-frequency vibration testing apparatus, it is characterized in that: comprise fiber-optic grating sensor group, fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator and monitoring host computer, described fiber-optic grating sensor group comprises optical fibre grating acceleration sensor and temperature sensor, described fiber-optic grating sensor group is arranged on the rail of subway respectively, track plates and lining cutting place, described fiber-optic grating sensor group is connected with communications optical cable one end, the described communications optical cable other end is connected to light box along separate routes, described light along separate routes box is connected with fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator by multifiber cable, described fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator is connected to monitoring host computer by wireless network or network data line, described monitoring host computer comprises:
Optical information acquisition module, is gathered for each channel reflection optical information put in each sampling time and is stored;
Spectrogram processing module, for being drawn on a spectrogram by the light reflectivity of each passage and wavelength information;
Wavelength graph processing module, for the wavelength information based on each each time point of passage, adopts Gauss curve fitting method to be changed in time by the wavelength of each passage and is drawn on wavelength graph;
Low frequency vibration measurement module, for surveyed wavelength is converted into acceleration by acceleration transducer configuration parameter, namely obtains the time dependent acceleration diagram of acceleration of surveyed rail of subway, track plates and lining cutting place.
2. subway low-frequency vibration testing apparatus as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described Subway Vibration testing apparatus has multiple fiber-optic grating sensor group, each fiber-optic grating sensor is connected with each branch optical fibers by welding, and each branch optical fibers is connected with light shunt box again.
3. subway low-frequency vibration testing apparatus as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: described fiber grating accelerator sensor comprises acceleration detection mass, elastic support and fiber grating, described acceleration detection mass, elastic support and fiber grating integration packaging are integrated.
4. subway low-frequency vibration testing apparatus as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that: described fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator comprises power light, duty instruction, FC/APC optical interface, power switch, fan outlet, serial ports, Ethernet data interface and external power source input port.
5. a method of testing for subway low-frequency vibration testing apparatus realization as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described method of testing comprises the steps:
(1) fiber-optic grating sensor group is arranged on the rail of subway, track plates and lining cutting place respectively;
(2) each fiber-optic grating sensor and Transmission Fibers connected and be connected to fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator, connect external power supply and open fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator power switch, fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator is launched light wave and is reached fiber-optic grating sensor place through Transmission Fibers, reflected light is sent to fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator place through Transmission Fibers again, and the reflected light of each sensor is carried out demodulation by fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator;
(3) each channel reflection optical information put in each sampling time is in real time gathered and is stored;
(4) light reflectivity of each passage and wavelength information are drawn on a spectrogram;
(5) based on the wavelength information of each each time point of passage, adopt Gauss curve fitting method to be changed in time by the wavelength of each passage and be drawn on wavelength graph;
(6) surveyed wavelength is converted into acceleration by acceleration transducer configuration parameter, namely obtains the time dependent acceleration diagram of institute's geodetic iron each portion acceleration.
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