CN104373313A - 液压机,特别是液压压力交换器 - Google Patents

液压机,特别是液压压力交换器 Download PDF

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CN104373313A
CN104373313A CN201410397331.3A CN201410397331A CN104373313A CN 104373313 A CN104373313 A CN 104373313A CN 201410397331 A CN201410397331 A CN 201410397331A CN 104373313 A CN104373313 A CN 104373313A
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pressure
cylinder
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shoe
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CN104373313B (zh
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哈拉迪尔·西古德松
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Danfoss AS
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B7/00Piston machines or pumps characterised by having positively-driven valving
    • F04B7/0019Piston machines or pumps characterised by having positively-driven valving a common distribution member forming a single discharge distributor for a plurality of pumping chambers
    • F04B7/0023Piston machines or pumps characterised by having positively-driven valving a common distribution member forming a single discharge distributor for a plurality of pumping chambers and having a rotating movement
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01BMACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B3/00Reciprocating-piston machines or engines with cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F01B3/0032Reciprocating-piston machines or engines with cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having rotary cylinder block
    • F01B3/0041Arrangements for pressing the cylinder barrel against the valve plate, e.g. fluid pressure
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B1/00Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B1/12Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F04B1/20Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having rotary cylinder block
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B1/00Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B1/12Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F04B1/20Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having rotary cylinder block
    • F04B1/22Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having rotary cylinder block having two or more sets of cylinders or pistons
    • F04B1/24Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having rotary cylinder block having two or more sets of cylinders or pistons inclined to the main shaft axis
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B9/00Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members
    • F04B9/08Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid
    • F04B9/10Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid the fluid being liquid
    • F04B9/109Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid the fluid being liquid having plural pumping chambers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B9/00Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members
    • F04B9/08Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid
    • F04B9/10Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid the fluid being liquid
    • F04B9/109Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid the fluid being liquid having plural pumping chambers
    • F04B9/117Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid the fluid being liquid having plural pumping chambers the pumping members not being mechanically connected to each other
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B9/00Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members
    • F04B9/08Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid
    • F04B9/10Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid the fluid being liquid
    • F04B9/109Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid the fluid being liquid having plural pumping chambers
    • F04B9/117Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid the fluid being liquid having plural pumping chambers the pumping members not being mechanically connected to each other
    • F04B9/1176Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid the fluid being liquid having plural pumping chambers the pumping members not being mechanically connected to each other the movement of each piston in one direction being obtained by a single-acting piston liquid motor
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04FPUMPING OF FLUID BY DIRECT CONTACT OF ANOTHER FLUID OR BY USING INERTIA OF FLUID TO BE PUMPED; SIPHONS
    • F04F13/00Pressure exchangers

Abstract

本发明公开一种液压机,尤其是液压压力交换器,包括能够围绕可转动轴线转动的滚筒、在所述滚筒的第一前表面处的第一前板配置、在所述滚筒的第二前表面处的第二前板配置,所述滚筒包括多个缸,所述第一前板配置包括第一前板和压力靴(8),所述第一前板包括至少一个高压供给端口。这种压力交换器应该具有简单的构造。为此目的,压力靴(8)包括至少一个压力缸(14),所述压力缸(14)朝所述第一前板开口,活塞(17)布置在所述压力缸(14)中,所述压力缸(14)与所述高压供给端口流体接触。

Description

液压机,特别是液压压力交换器
技术领域
本发明涉及液压机,尤其是液压压力交换器,包括能够围绕可转动轴线转动的滚筒、位于所述滚筒的第一前表面处的第一前板配置、位于所述滚筒的第二前表面处的第二前板配置,所述滚筒包括多个工作缸,所述第一前板配置包括第一前板和压力靴(shoe),所述第一前板包括至少一个供给端口。
背景技术
根据EP 1 508 361 A1这种液压压力交换器是已知的。这种类型的压力交换器可以用于例如反渗透系统中,在反渗透系统中液体在相当高的压力下被泵吸通过隔膜。没有穿过隔膜的液体被供给到压力交换器的供给端口。该液体的高压传递给被供给到滚筒的第二前表面的流体。在每个工作缸中的活塞用于实现压力传递。在工作缸与供给端口流体连接时,高压流体进入,使活塞移至另一侧,从而将高压传递给在另一侧处的液体。滚筒转动。在预定的转动角度之后,该工作缸与低压供给端口接触,其中新鲜的液体在低压下填充工作缸,将活塞移回到第一前表面。
高压供给端口(以及所有其它端口)和工作缸之间的路径必须尽可能紧密以避免泄漏。在已知的情况中,每个工作缸在每个端部处设置有衬套。该衬套沿轴向地向外受压,以用足够大的力接触压力靴,用于建立需要的紧密度。该力还用于在每个前表面处轴向地向外按压压力靴,使得压力靴抵靠在所述滚筒的每个前表面处的所述前板。
发明内容
本发明所基于的目的是具有简单构造的液压机。
该目的被解决在于,压力靴包括至少一个压力缸,所述压力缸朝所述第一前板开口,活塞布置在所述压力缸中,所述压力缸与所述高压供给端口流体接触。
在该方案中,可以保持压力靴相对于第一前板不转动。压力靴被压靠在滚筒的前表面上。将压力靴压靠在滚筒的前表面上的力至少部分地由压力缸中的活塞产生。该活塞由在端口中的压力加载,所述压力优选地是压力交换器中的最高压力。在这种情况下端口是高压供给端口。该压力沿朝向第一前板的方向按压压力缸中的活塞。该力产生将压力靴压靠在滚筒上的反力。将压力靴压靠在滚筒上的压力应该足够大,以实现所期望的紧密性。然而,所述压力不应该过高以避免过度的磨损。最终的力可以由压力缸中的活塞的尺寸相当精确地确定。术语″缸″用于方便说明。虽然缸可以具有圆形的横截面,但是其它的形式是可能的。工作缸可以简单地认为是通道,这种通道可以是直的或弯曲的。
优选地所述压力缸布置在离所述可转动轴线比离所述滚筒的圆周更近的区域中。在这种情况下,朝向滚筒的前表面按压压力靴的力作用在压力靴的中心附近的区域和滚筒的中心区域中。这允许在压力靴的整个区域上相当均等地分布力。
优选地至少两个压力缸布置在所述压力靴中。在这种情况下将压力靴压靠在滚筒的前表面上的力可以被加倍,从而每个压力缸可以保持很小。此外,这种构造具有力作用在压力靴上的不同位置处的优点。
在一个优选的实施例中,所述压力缸具有相同的横截面面积。这样,由每个缸中的活塞产生的力是相等的,因为压力缸被用相同的压力加载。这使得更容易以所期望的方式分布力。
优选地所述压力靴包括在面对所述前板的一侧上的两个端口,所述端口具有沿着直线的最小距离,所述压力缸相对于所述直线偏置一预定位移。在许多情况下,压力靴包括连接到高压供给端口的第一端口和连接到低压返回端口的第二端口。在这两个端口布置在垂直线上时,压力缸沿水平方向相对于所述垂直线偏置。在两个端口沿另一个空间方向布置时,保持相同的关系。在压力缸被相对于两个端口之间的直线偏置时,具有足够的可利用的空间,从而压力缸可以具有足够大的直径。
在一个优选的实施例中,所述压力缸布置在所述端口之间。平行于上文提到的直线所看到的,所述压力缸和所述端口彼此重叠。这使得可以将压力缸定位在压力靴的中心附近的区域中。
优选地所述压力靴至少包括连接到所述端口的高压通道,和沿朝向所述滚筒的方向由在所述端口中的压力加载的外部压力区域,所述外部压力区域大于在所述压力靴面对该滚筒的一侧上的内部压力区域。这样,产生了将所述压力靴压靠在滚筒的前表面上的额外的力。该额外的力基于在外部压力区域和内部压力区域之间的差异。
优选地所述外部压力区域布置在所述通道中。不需要其它的区域。进入通道的液体自动地作用在所述外部压力区域上。
在优选的实施例中,所述压力靴在接触区域中抵靠所述滚筒,两种不同的材料在所述接触区域中彼此接触,一种材料是钢,另一种材料是在钢上缓慢地摩擦滑动的塑料材料,尤其是基于聚芳醚酮、特别是聚醚醚酮(PEEK)、聚酰胺、聚缩醛、聚芳醚、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚苯硫醚、聚砜、聚醚砜、聚醚酰亚胺、聚酰胺酰亚胺、聚丙烯酸脂、酚树脂、如酚醛清漆树脂(like novolacquer resin)等的耐高温热塑性塑料材料,优选地被设置有玻璃、石墨、聚四氟乙烯或碳的填充物,所述填充物尤其作为纤维使用。在这种情况下,压力交换器有利地被用做水液压装置。
附图说明
现在将参照附图更详细地描述本发明的优选的例子,其中:
图1是液压机的示意性纵向剖面,
图2是从前板看到的压力靴的视图,和
图3是图2的III-III剖面。
具体实施方式
图1显示成液压压力交换器1的形式的液压机的示意性纵向剖面。
压力交换器1包括能够围绕轴线3转动的滚筒2。术语“滚筒”用于方便说明。该滚筒2不必是圆柱形式。滚筒2的主要目的是形成工作缸4的基础。滚筒2包括多个工作缸4,在图1中示出两个工作缸4。滚筒2还可以用术语“缸载体”表示。术语″工作缸″用于简化描述。工作缸可以认为是通道。工作缸不必具有圆形横截面,并且不必是直的。所述工作缸也可以是弯曲的。
第一前板配置5布置在滚筒2的第一轴向端部或前表面处。第二前板配置6布置在与滚筒2的第一轴向端部相反的滚筒2的第二轴向端部或前表面处。
第一前板配置5包括第一前板7和压力靴8。压力靴8抵靠滚筒2。压力靴8被通过下文所说明的方式沿朝向滚筒2的方向加载。套管9固定地插入压力靴8并且滑动地布置在第一前板7中。
第一前板7包括端口10和第二端口11。套管9被插入连接到第一端口10的第一前板7的开口中。第一端口10可以用于供给高压,第二端口11可以用于返回液压液体。然而,这仅是一个例子,其它的压力关系在原则上是可能的。
第一前板7连接到壳体12。壳体12连接到布置在壳体12的相对于第一前板7的相反侧上的第二前板13。第二前板13是第二前板配置6的一部分。
未示出用于可转动地支撑和驱动滚筒2的装置,以保持所述图示简单。然而,滚筒2可以可转动地支撑在壳体12中。驱动轴可以穿过第二前板13。
压力靴8不可转动地支撑在壳体12中,从而所述压力靴8相对于第一前板7在转动方向上保持是固定的。然而,沿朝向滚筒2的方向的小移动是可能的。
如图2和3所见,压力靴8包括连接到高压通道15的两个压力缸14,所述高压通道15与第一端口10流体连接。短的供给通道16建立压力缸14和高压通道15之间的连接。压力缸14具有圆形的横截面,虽然其它的形式是可能的。
活塞17布置在每个压力缸14中。在图3中示出活塞17突出到压力靴8的外面。活塞17突出到压力靴8外面的长度大于其实际上突出的长度,以便于说明。活塞17可以具有不同的直径,以实现放大。
压力靴包括两个端口18、19,即连接到高压通道15并且与第一前板7中的第一端口10重叠的第一端口18,和连接到压力靴8中的低压通道20并且与第一前板7中的第二端口11重叠的第二端口19。
两个端口18、19具有沿着直线的最小距离,所述直线延伸通过轴线3。两个压力缸14对于该最小距离的线是偏置的,即沿径向方向对于轴线3是偏置的。
此外,压力缸14无论如何布置在所述两个端口18、19之间,即沿平行于上文提到的直线的方向所看到的,端口18、19和压力缸14至少部分地彼此重叠。
在操作期间,压力缸14由高压供给端口10中的压力加载。该压力将活塞17压靠到第一前板7上,生成使压力靴压靠滚筒2的反力。这样,流体紧密的或几乎流体紧密的连接可以建立在第一端口10和工作缸4之间。
将压力靴8压靠到滚筒2的前表面的力应该足以在第一端口10和工作缸4之间产生流体紧密的路径。然而,所述压力不应该太大以避免损耗和磨损。力可以通过以适当的方式制定压力缸14和活塞17的尺寸高精确地确定。
在面对滚筒2的一侧,压力靴8包括两个弧形或肾形开口21、22。第一端口18的面积大于高压肾形开口21的面积,第二端口19的面积大于低压肾形开口22的面积。这样,提供额外的力,以使压力靴8压靠滚筒2。根据这种尺寸制定,在高压通道15中提供一外部压力区域,高压供给端口18中的压力可以作用在该外部压力区域上。该外部压力区域大于液压压力可以沿相反的方向作用在其上的内部压力区域。
在液压压力交换器1用做水液压机时,压力靴8和滚筒2在接触区域中彼此抵靠。在该接触区域中,至少滚筒2和压力靴8的表面分别具有不同的材料,一种材料是钢,另一种材料是在钢上缓慢地摩擦滑动的塑料材料,尤其是基于聚芳醚酮、特别是聚醚醚酮(PEEK)、聚酰胺、聚缩醛、聚芳醚、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚苯硫醚、聚砜、聚醚砜、聚醚酰亚胺、聚酰胺酰亚胺、聚丙烯酸脂、酚树脂、如酚醛清漆树脂(like novolacquer resin)等的耐高温热塑性塑料材料,优选地被设置有玻璃、石墨、聚四氟乙烯或碳的填充物,所述填充物尤其作为纤维使用。这种材料组合确保即使在水代替润滑油用作液压流体的情况下也能具有长的使用期限。

Claims (9)

1.一种液压机,尤其是液压压力交换器(1),包括能够围绕可转动轴线(3)转动的滚筒(2)、在所述滚筒(2)的第一前表面处的第一前板配置(5)、在所述滚筒(2)的第二前表面处的第二前板配置(6),所述滚筒(2)包括多个工作缸(4),所述第一前板配置(5)包括第一前板(7)和压力靴(8),所述第一前板(7)包括至少一个端口(10),
其特征在于,压力靴(8)包括至少一个压力缸(14),所述压力缸(14)朝向所述第一前板(7)开口,活塞(17)布置在所述压力缸(14)中,所述压力缸(14)与所述端口(10)流体接触。
2.根据权利要求1所述的液压机,其特征在于:所述压力缸(14)布置在离所述可转动轴线(3)比离所述滚筒(2)的圆周更近的区域中。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的液压机,其特征在于:至少两个所述压力缸(14)布置在所述压力靴(8)中。
4.根据权利要求3所述的液压机,其特征在于:所述压力缸(14)具有相同的横截面面积。
5.根据权利要求1到4中的任一项所述的液压机,其特征在于:所述压力靴(8)包括在面对所述第一前板(7)的一侧上的两个端口(18、19),所述端口(18、19)具有沿着直线的最小距离,所述压力缸(14)相对于所述直线偏置一预定位移。
6.根据权利要求5所述的液压机,其特征在于:所述压力缸(14)布置在所述端口(18、19)之间。
7.根据权利要求1到6中的任一项所述的液压机,其特征在于:所述压力靴(8)至少包括连接到所述端口(10)的高压通道(15),和沿朝向所述滚筒(2)的方向由所述端口(10)中的压力加载的外部压力区域,所述外部压力区域大于在所述压力靴的面对所述滚筒(2)的一侧上的内部压力区域。
8.根据权利要求7所述的液压机,其特征在于:所述外部压力区域布置在所述通道(15)中。
9.根据权利要求1到8中的任一项所述的液压机械,其特征在于:所述压力靴(8)在接触区域中抵靠在所述滚筒(2)上,两种不同的材料在所述接触区域中彼此接触,一种材料是钢,另一种材料是在钢上缓慢地摩擦滑动的塑料材料,尤其是基于聚芳醚酮、特别是聚醚醚酮(PEEK)、聚酰胺、聚缩醛、聚芳醚、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚苯硫醚、聚砜、聚醚砜、聚醚酰亚胺、聚酰胺酰亚胺、聚丙烯酸脂、酚树脂、如酚醛清漆树脂等的耐高温热塑性塑料材料,优选地被设置有玻璃、石墨、聚四氟乙烯或碳的填充物,所述填充物尤其作为纤维使用。
CN201410397331.3A 2013-08-15 2014-08-13 液压机,特别是液压压力交换器 Expired - Fee Related CN104373313B (zh)

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