CN104360394A - Method of pressing ghost waves of marine variable-depth cable earthquake data - Google Patents
Method of pressing ghost waves of marine variable-depth cable earthquake data Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method of pressing ghost waves of marine variable-depth cable earthquake data. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, transforming variable-depth cable earthquake data to a frequency domain; then, fitting frequency spectrum in the frequency domain, so that the difference between the frequency spectrum of the synthesized data and the frequency spectrum of the actually received data is extremely small, and the ghost wave pressing problem is transformed into a frequency spectrum fitting inversion problem. According to the characteristic of the variable-depth cable data, in an inversion process, a horizontal restrain item is introduced, so that the frequency spectrums on a trapped wave point position supplement with one another horizontally. The method of pressing ghost waves of variable-depth cable data disclosed by the invention is adopted, so that gradation is distinct; the transverse restrain item is adopted and a restrain factor is used to control the transverse restrain item, and therefore, the tapped wave effects of the ghost wave-pressed earthquake data are corrected in the frequency domain very well, the noises can be restrained very well in a time domain, and very good ghost wave pressing effects are achieved. The method disclosed by the invention can be directly used to a treatment process of acquired marine variable-depth cable earthquake data.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to exploratory engineering of off-shore petroleum/gas reservoir field, particularly about a kind of method of marine varying depth cable geological data ghost wave pressure.
Background technology
Seismic prospecting is the important means of oil-gas exploration, particularly exploratory engineering of off-shore petroleum/gas reservoir, because its drilling cost is high, geologic information and other data few, therefore in seismic prospecting oil-gas exploration at sea, there is prior effect.The geological data gathering wide-band is the pursuit of offshore seismic exploration always, but up to now, due to the restriction of various condition, this remains a unreachable target.The degree of depth at traditional marine acquisition towing cable place is fixing, and namely the geophone station ghost ripple trap frequency obtained is the maximum frequency that can recover.In order to make whole frequency higher, towing cable must be fixed in an as far as possible shallow degree of depth, but the noise of shallow-layer can affect the low-frequency range effective information of data.Towing cable is placed on certain depth to carry out gathering the noise that can reduce record, but geophone station ghost ripple can be introduced, make the spectral amplitude in earthquake frequency range there is trap phenomenon.Therefore, during tradition gathers, need, by close with sea level for trying one's best of towing cable placement, first terrible ripple trap wave point to be positioned at outside the frequency range required for imaging.
In order to overcome the defect of trap, proposing various different acquisition method at present, having comprised upper and lower cable acquisition method, two inspection acquisition method and varying depth cable acquisition method.The collection of varying depth cable is placed on by cable in the oblique line at a non-zero inclination angle, to make the trap wave point of terrible ripple decentralized.The people such as Soubaras re-start research to varying depth cable acquisition technique, and two features are added to it: the section 1) towing cable being optimized for a varying depth, to make the reflection horizon to all degree of depth, trap wave point is all dispersion, for shallow-layer part, the slope of towing cable is comparatively large in front portion, thus trap wave point is enough disperseed.2) a kind of geophone station ghost ripple drawing method is proposed for varying depth towing cable collection.The collection of varying depth cable can provide wider bandwidth for geological data, its object is the as far as possible dark smnr data obtaining maximum possible in low-frequency range by being placed by towing cable, different with the constant depth that tradition gathers, the degree of depth of towing cable changes along with offset distance, and object is to break the restriction of high frequency trap wave point to data bandwidth.The object of varying depth is that trap wave point is disperseed, each wave detector has a different trap frequency, thus make the stack result finally combining different wave detector there is no obvious trap wave point, varying depth cable acquisition technique is as a kind of emerging technology occurred recently, acquire several data volume all over the world after, can find out that varying depth cable data can provide higher-quality data: have higher resolution, imaging is more clear, and low frequency penetrability is better.
At present for the research of varying depth cable image data process, mainly concentrate in the compacting of geophone station ghost ripple, Soubaras (2010,2012) thinks, each geophone station degree of depth is change, and therefore varying depth acquisition technique makes geophone station ghost wavelength-division dispersion at different offset distance place.The characteristic of this dispersion can apply a kind of associating deconvolution technology, suppresses geophone station ghost ripple completely.Dechun Lin, Sablon, (2011) flow processs to varying depth cable data processing such as Yan Gao are optimized analysis, point out the broadband properties of varying depth cable data, and geophone station ghost ripple phenomenon specific to these data, make the process needing to consider constantly frequency band and geophone station ghost ripple in processing procedure, they give one compared with traditional data process in article, the flow process of slightly different varying depth cable process.Rebert, Sablon, Vidal etc. (2012) point out in varying depth cable processing procedure, should be noted that and keep the frequency at data frequency section two ends, and point out to face in varying depth cable processing procedure, as noise compacting, multiple reflection is suppressed, some challenges of velocity modeling and imaging aspect.Although existing terrible attenuation techniques can suppress some impacts of terrible ripple, the impact of terrible ripple can not be eliminated completely.
Summary of the invention
For the problems referred to above, the object of this invention is to provide one and can not only eliminate terrible wave action, and geological data frequency band can be widened, improve the method for the marine varying depth cable geological data ghost wave pressure of seismic data resolution.
For achieving the above object, the present invention takes following technical scheme: a kind of method of marine varying depth cable geological data ghost wave pressure, and it comprises the following steps: 1) take out collection to the geological data that varying depth cable receives, and forms common midpoint gather; 2) common midpoint geological data is carried out normal moveout correction, and the common midpoint geological data after normal moveout correction is carried out Fourier transform, obtain the frequency spectrum of the original earthquake data containing there's something fishy ripple; 3) according to the different depth of geophone station, the frequency spectrum of the original earthquake data containing there's something fishy ripple obtained is simplified, obtains H; 4) least Squares Spectral approximating method is adopted to calculate the frequency spectrum of the geological data after suppressing terrible ripple; 5) frequency spectrum of the geological data after the terrible ripple of compacting is carried out inverse Fourier transform, obtain the geological data after suppressing terrible ripple.
Described step 3) in H (f)=1-e
-i2 π f τ, wherein, τ is the whilst on tour of seismic event from wave detector to water meter.
Described step 4) adopt least Squares Spectral approximating method to calculate the terrible ripple of compacting after the frequency spectrum detailed process of geological data be:
Ghost wave pressure system is equivalent to the minimal value solving following formula;
||HS
r-S
*|| (1)
Wherein, S
*the matrix representation of the geological data that known varying depth cable actual acquisition arrives, S
rit is the matrix representation of the seismic signal that subsurface reflective is returned;
Formula (1) basis adds the bound term embodying different track data and mutually supplement, then formula (1) becomes:
||HS
r-S
*||+α||MS
r|| (2)
Wherein, || MS
r|| be Lateral constrained condition, α is constraint factor;
The basis of formula (2) adds stable functional obtain:
||HS
r-S
*||+α||MS
r||+β||IS
r|| (3)
Wherein, β represents stable factor;
The minimal value of solution formula (3), to formula (3) about S
rdifferentiate and make derivative equal zero:
H
T(HS
r-S
*)+αM
TMS
r+βIS
r＝0 (4)
Arrange:
(H
TH+αM
TM+βI)S
r＝H
TS
*(5)
According to given α and the β parameter of the feature of geological data, α and β is substituted into formula (5) and obtains a system of equations, separate this system of equations and can solve and obtain S
r, obtain the frequency spectrum of the geological data after suppressing terrible ripple.
The value of α and β two parameters is most important, α and β determines according to the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of seismic data, if the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of seismic data is b, then α is taken as
β is taken as
The present invention is owing to taking above technical scheme, it has the following advantages: 1, the present invention is owing to taking full advantage of the feature of varying depth cable data, prestack CMP road collection (common midpoint gather) is achieved by spectrum matching the compacting of terrible ripple, different according to each seismic trace trap wave point in pressing process, CMP road collection complements each other, therefore the better trap frequency must recovering every track data, has widened seismic signal frequency spectrum, improves the resolution of seismic data.2, the present invention is due to while compensation trap frequency, phase spectrum is corrected, therefore compared with variable step the Method of Deconvolution, not only compensate for notch band preferably in frequency field, also terrible ripple has been suppressed preferably in time domain, and there is no the adjoint noise after variable step deconvolution process, simultaneously abundanter than the result low frequency of variable step the Method of Deconvolution.3, the present invention owing to carrying out terrible wave pressure system on prestack CMP road collection, the still prestack road collection obtained after suppressing terrible ripple, remain AVO (the Amplitude Versus Offset of seismic data, the change of amplitude offset distance) feature, therefore can carry out AVO analysis and prestack inversion on this basis, improve the accuracy of petroleum-gas prediction.4, the present invention is due to by carrying out normal moveout correction to concentrically road collection, then the frequency spectrum of common midpoint gather is calculated, least Squares Spectral approximating method is utilized to obtain the geological data after suppressing terrible ripple, thus reach the object of suppressing terrible ripple, therefore can suppress the terrible ripple in seismologic record preferably, reach with without the on all four effect of terrible Bo CMP road collection.Therefore, the present invention can be widely used in the process of energy exploration exploitation.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic flow sheet of the inventive method;
Fig. 2 is the Numerical Experiment result schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention, wherein, figure (a) be synthesis without Gui Bo CMP road collection, figure (b) be synthesis containing terrible Bo CMP road collection, figure (c) is that employing the present invention suppresses terrible ripple Hou CMP road collection;
Fig. 3 is the Numerical Experiment spectral contrast schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention, and wherein, figure (a) is the spectral amplitude containing Gui Bo CMP road collection of synthesis, and figure (b) is the spectral amplitude adopting the present invention to suppress terrible Bo Hou CMP road collection;
Fig. 4 is the real data process experimental result schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention, wherein, figure (a) is raw data CMP road collection, and figure (b) adopts variable step deconvolution process Hou CMP road collection, and figure (c) adopts process Hou CMP road of the present invention collection;
Fig. 5 is the real data process stacked section contrast schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention, and wherein, figure (a) is the stacked section after adopting variable step deconvolution process, and figure (b) is the stacked section after adopting process of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is described in detail.
As shown in Figure 1, the method for marine varying depth cable geological data ghost wave pressure of the present invention, comprises the following steps:
1) collection is taken out to the geological data that varying depth cable receives, form common midpoint gather;
2) common midpoint geological data is carried out normal moveout correction, and the common midpoint geological data after normal moveout correction is carried out Fourier transform, obtain the frequency spectrum of the original earthquake data containing there's something fishy ripple;
3) according to the different depth of geophone station, the frequency spectrum of the original earthquake data containing there's something fishy ripple obtained is simplified, obtains H;
S
r(t)＝w(t)*r(t) (1)
Wherein, S
rt () represents the seismic signal that subsurface reflective is returned, be equivalent to not containing the seismic signal of terrible ripple; R (t) represents the reflection coefficient on stratum, and w (t) represents seismic wavelet.The reflection coefficient of water meter is r
s=-1;
Due to the reflection of water meter, seismic signal S (t) of the actual reception of varying depth cable is:
S(t)＝S
r(t)+r
sS
r(t-τ)＝S
r(t)-S
r(t-τ) (2)
Wherein, τ is the whilst on tour of seismic event from wave detector to water meter, in frequency field:
S(f)＝S
r(f)-S
r(f)e
-i2πfτ(3)
Be reduced to further:
S(f)＝S
r(f)(1-e
-i2πfτ)＝H(f)S
r(f) (4)
Wherein,
H(f)＝1-e
-i2πfτ(5)
|H(f)|＝2sin(πfτ) (6)
As can be seen from formula (6), the trap effect that the reflection due to water meter causes, the whilst on tour τ from wave detector to water meter is relevant for trap wave point position and seismic event; In varying depth cable data, because the geophone station degree of depth is change, thus the whilst on tour τ of seismic event from wave detector to water meter is also different, and trap wave point position is also different;
Suppose that the degree of depth of geophone station is respectively h
j(j=1,2, ‖, n), n represents the number of channels in each common midpoint gather, then:
Wherein, S
jf () represents the frequency spectrum containing there's something fishy Boj road geological data,
represent the frequency spectrum of compacting terrible Bo Houj road geological data;
Formula (7) is write as the form of matrix, then:
S＝HS
r(8)
4) least Squares Spectral approximating method is adopted to calculate the frequency spectrum of the geological data after suppressing terrible ripple;
Suppress terrible ripple and be equivalent to the geological data that known varying depth cable actual acquisition arrives
seismic signal Sjr (f) that inverting subsurface reflective is returned, namely terrible wave pressure system is equivalent to the minimal value solving following problem;
||HS
r-S
*|| (9)(9)
Wherein, || HS
r-S
*|| be equivalent to carry out matching by the spectrum of geological data of synthesizing and the spectrum of real data;
Because varying depth cable data will be complemented each other by different trap wave points, on formula (9) basis, thus add the bound term embodying different track data and mutually supplement, then formula (9) becomes:
||HS
r-S
*||+α||MS
r|| (10)
Wherein, || MS
r|| be Lateral constrained condition, α is constraint factor, and the size of α can affect the power of lateral confinement;
In order to overcome the instability of refutation process when formula (10) is asked minimum, the basis of formula (10) adding stable functional and obtains:
||HS
r-S
*||+α||MS
r||+β||IS
r|| (11)
Wherein, β represents stable factor, the minimal value of solution formula (11), and can realize the compacting of varying depth cable data ghost ripple, concrete solution procedure is:
In order to the minimal value of solution formula (11), to formula (11) about S
rdifferentiate and make derivative equal zero:
H
T(HS
r-S
*)+αM
TMS
r+βIS
r＝0 (12)
Arrange:
(H
TH+αM
TM+βI)S
r＝H
TS
*(13)
According to feature given parameters α and β of geological data, α and β is substituted into formula (13) and obtains a system of equations, separate this system of equations and can solve and obtain S
r, obtain the frequency spectrum of the geological data after suppressing terrible ripple;
In practical operation, α and β is two vital parameters, chooses the improper result of calculation that may cause is failed.General α and β can determine according to the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of seismic data, if the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of seismic data is b, then α can be taken as
β can be taken as
5) frequency spectrum of the geological data after the terrible ripple of compacting is carried out inverse Fourier transform, obtain the geological data after suppressing terrible ripple.
As shown in Figure 2-5, the varying depth cable data acquisition of field the actual acquisition method of marine varying depth cable geological data ghost wave pressure of the present invention and existing method are carried out Numerical Experiment respectively, and adopt the present invention to process real data, below logarithm value simulated experiment and the result that real data processes is described respectively:
As shown in Figure 2, Numerical Experiment result shows the present invention and has suppressed terrible ripple in seismologic record preferably, and result is with completely the same without terrible Bo CMP road collection.As shown in Figure 3, Numerical Experiment spectral contrast shows the present invention and has recovered the trap effect of terrible ripple preferably.As shown in Figure 4, real data process experimental result display variable step the Method of Deconvolution creates with noise while the terrible ripple of compacting, and the present invention does not produce with noise.As shown in Figure 5, find out that variable step the Method of Deconvolution corrects the trap effect of terrible ripple preferably on spectral amplitude from figure (a), but in time domain, the method can be introduced with noise in the process of the terrible ripple of compacting, reduces the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of geological data; Find out that the present invention not only corrects trap effect preferably on spectral amplitude from figure (b), time domain does not also occur noise, and in processing procedure, have the effect of compacting noise.
In sum, existing mirrored offset associating the Method of Deconvolution is a kind of typical poststack ghost ripple drawing method, this method can suppress terrible ripple preferably for imaging, corrects trap effect, but this method can not be used for the reservoir prediction process of AVO analysis or prestack inversion after treatment.And adopt method of the present invention, prestack road collection carries out terrible wave pressure system, the still prestack road collection obtained after suppressing terrible ripple, the reservoir prediction process such as AVO analysis and prestack inversion can be carried out further.Therefore, can find out that the present invention effectively can suppress terrible ripple on prestack road collection by real data process, compensate terrible ripple and fall into frequently.Relative to conventional variable step deconvolution ghost ripple drawing method, no matter in terrible wave pressure system, or in signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio), be all significantly improved.
The various embodiments described above are only for illustration of the present invention, and wherein each step etc. all can change to some extent, and every equivalents of carrying out on the basis of technical solution of the present invention and improvement, all should not get rid of outside protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a method for marine varying depth cable geological data ghost wave pressure, it comprises the following steps:
1) collection is taken out to the geological data that varying depth cable receives, form common midpoint gather;
2) common midpoint geological data is carried out normal moveout correction, and the common midpoint geological data after normal moveout correction is carried out Fourier transform, obtain the frequency spectrum of the original earthquake data containing there's something fishy ripple;
3) according to the different depth of geophone station, the frequency spectrum of the original earthquake data containing there's something fishy ripple obtained is simplified, obtains H;
4) least Squares Spectral approximating method is adopted to calculate the frequency spectrum of the geological data after suppressing terrible ripple;
5) frequency spectrum of the geological data after the terrible ripple of compacting is carried out inverse Fourier transform, obtain the geological data after suppressing terrible ripple.
2. the method for a kind of marine varying depth cable geological data ghost wave pressure as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described step 3) in H (f)=1-e
-i2 π f τ, wherein, τ is the whilst on tour of seismic event from wave detector to water meter.
3. the method for a kind of marine varying depth cable geological data ghost wave pressure as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that: described step 4) adopt least Squares Spectral approximating method to calculate the terrible ripple of compacting after the frequency spectrum detailed process of geological data be:
Ghost wave pressure system is equivalent to the minimal value solving following formula;
||HS
r-S
*|| (1)
Wherein, S
*the matrix representation of the geological data that known varying depth cable actual acquisition arrives, S
rit is the matrix representation of the seismic signal that subsurface reflective is returned;
Formula (1) basis adds the bound term embodying different track data and mutually supplement, then formula (1) becomes:
||HS
r-S
*||+α||MS
r|| (2)
Wherein, || MS
r|| be Lateral constrained condition, α is constraint factor;
The basis of formula (2) adds stable functional obtain:
||HS
r-S
*||+α||MS
r||+β||IS
r|| (3)
Wherein, β represents stable factor;
The minimal value of solution formula (3), to formula (3) about S
rdifferentiate and make derivative equal zero:
H
T(HS
r-S
*)+αM
TMS
r+βIS
r＝0 (4)
Arrange:
(H
TH+αM
TM+βI)S
r＝H
TS
*(5)
According to given α and the β parameter of the feature of geological data, α and β is substituted into formula (5) and obtains a system of equations, separate this system of equations and can solve and obtain S
r, obtain the frequency spectrum of the geological data after suppressing terrible ripple.
4. the method for a kind of marine varying depth cable geological data ghost wave pressure as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: the value of α and β two parameters is most important, α and β determines according to the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of seismic data, if the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of seismic data is b, then α is taken as
β is taken as
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