CN110967735A - Self-adaptive ghost wave suppression method and system - Google Patents
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Abstract
An adaptive ghost wave compression method and system are disclosed. The method can comprise the following steps: determining the search range of each ghost wave delay time in the seismic wave field data, and calculating a ghost wave removing result corresponding to each ghost wave delay time in the search range; according to the ghost wave removing result, calculating ghost wave delay time corresponding to the maximum kurtosis coefficient in the search range as optimal ghost wave delay time; calculating a ghost wave filtering operator according to the optimal ghost wave delay time; and calculating the ghost-wave-free uplink wave field according to the seismic wave field data and the ghost wave filtering operator. According to the method, the optimal ghost wave delay time is accurately estimated through a kurtosis coefficient maximization method, and then the influence of rough seawater on ghost wave suppression can be eliminated to the maximum extent through a deterministic ghost wave suppression algorithm, so that the ghost wave suppression of marine streamer data is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of marine seismic data broadband processing, in particular to a self-adaptive ghost wave compression method and a self-adaptive ghost wave compression system.
Background
In marine seismic exploration, the geophones receive ghost waves associated with the free surface in addition to primary reflections from the sea floor. Ghost waves, as a special noise, are similar to the primary reflection waveform of the sea bottom and are superposed on the tail of the primary waves, so that the resolution of seismic records is affected, and even a false event is generated.
In marine seismic exploration, the surface of the sea constantly fluctuates over time and space due to the influence of the external acquisition environment. Data processing under the assumption of a flat seawater surface introduces errors, reducing the resolution of imaging the subsurface.
Jovanovich researches the influence of rough seawater surface on ghost wave energy based on a classical scattering theory; lawsand Kragh proposes that the surface morphology of rough seawater is reconstructed by using low-frequency signals, and the influence of seawater fluctuation on statistical deconvolution is reduced; orji et al, based on the Clchhoff-Helmholtz integral, implement time-varying seawater surface estimation based on seismic modeling; egorov et al realize the estimation of the reflection coefficient of the rough seawater surface and reduce the influence of the fluctuation of the seawater on the reflection coefficient.
Therefore, for marine streamer acquisition, the frequency band and the precision of data are limited due to the existence of ghost waves, the conventional ghost wave compression technology is obviously limited by the acquisition environment and other constraint factors, the ghost wave delay is difficult to accurately estimate, the data frequency broadening effect is difficult to guarantee, the popularization and the popularization of the technology are not facilitated, and the development of marine broadband seismic exploration is limited. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an adaptive ghost compression method and system.
The information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a self-adaptive ghost wave suppression method and a self-adaptive ghost wave suppression system, which can accurately estimate the optimal ghost wave delay time by a kurtosis coefficient maximization method, further utilize a deterministic ghost wave suppression algorithm, and can maximally eliminate the influence of rough seawater on ghost wave suppression so as to realize the ghost wave suppression of marine streamer data.
According to one aspect of the invention, an adaptive ghost suppression method is provided. The method may include: determining a search range of each ghost wave delay time in the seismic wave field data, and calculating a ghost wave removing result corresponding to each ghost wave delay time in the search range; according to the ghost wave removing result, calculating ghost wave delay time corresponding to the maximum kurtosis coefficient in the search range as optimal ghost wave delay time; calculating a ghost wave filtering operator according to the optimal ghost wave delay time; and calculating the ghost-wave-free uplink wave field according to the seismic wave field data and the ghost wave filtering operator.
Preferably, the ghost wave removing result is:
wherein, UnΔ t as a result of ghost eliminationnThe ghost delay time of the nth channel is searched for within a range of [ Delta t ]min,Δtmax]ε is the white noise factor, G (Δ t)n) Representing ghost wave filter operators, PnRepresenting seismic wavefield data.
Preferably, the optimal ghost delay time is:
wherein u (Δ t)n) For the time domain expression of the Deghost result, k [ u ]n(Δtn)]Represents u (Δ t)n) E denotes an expected value.
Preferably, the ghost filter operator is:
G(x,z,f)＝1+R·e-i2πfΔt(3)
wherein G (x, z, f) represents a ghost wave filter operator, R is a sea water surface reflection coefficient, f represents frequency, and delta t represents ghost wave delay time.
Preferably, the ghost-free up-going wavefield is:
wherein U (x, z, f) is a ghost-free up-going wavefield, G*(x, z, f) is the conjugate transpose of G (x, z, f), ε is the white noise factor, and P (x, z, f) is the seismic wavefield data.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an adaptive ghost wave compression system, comprising: a memory storing computer-executable instructions; a processor executing computer executable instructions in the memory to perform the steps of: determining a search range of each ghost wave delay time in the seismic wave field data, and calculating a ghost wave removing result corresponding to each ghost wave delay time in the search range; according to the ghost wave removing result, calculating ghost wave delay time corresponding to the maximum kurtosis coefficient in the search range as optimal ghost wave delay time; calculating a ghost wave filtering operator according to the optimal ghost wave delay time; and calculating the ghost-wave-free uplink wave field according to the seismic wave field data and the ghost wave filtering operator.
Preferably, the ghost wave removing result is:
wherein, UnΔ t as a result of ghost eliminationnThe ghost delay time of the nth channel is searched for within a range of [ Delta t ]min,Δtmax]ε is the white noise factor, G (Δ t)n) Representing ghost wave filter operators, PnRepresenting seismic wavefield data.
Preferably, the optimal ghost delay time is:
wherein u (Δ t)n) For the time domain expression of the Deghost result, k [ u ]n(Δtn)]Represents u (Δ t)n) E denotes an expected value.
Preferably, the ghost filter operator is:
G(x,z,f)＝1+R·e-i2πfΔt(3)
wherein G (x, z, f) represents a ghost wave filter operator, R is a sea water surface reflection coefficient, f represents frequency, and delta t represents ghost wave delay time.
Preferably, the ghost-free up-going wavefield is:
wherein U (x, z, f) is a ghost-free up-going wavefield, G*(x, z, f) is the conjugate transpose of G (x, z, f), ε is the white noise factor, and P (x, z, f) is the seismic wavefield data.
The beneficial effects are that: the optimal ghost wave delay time is accurately estimated through a kurtosis coefficient maximization method, then the influence of rough seawater on ghost wave suppression can be eliminated to the maximum extent by utilizing a deterministic ghost wave suppression algorithm, the marine streamer data ghost wave suppression is realized, the stability is good, the optimal reflection coefficient and the ghost wave delay time can be estimated adaptively and accurately through searching the ghost wave delay time, and the purpose of suppressing ghost waves adaptively is achieved.
The method and apparatus of the present invention have other features and advantages which will be apparent from or are set forth in detail in the accompanying drawings and the following detailed description, which are incorporated herein, and which together serve to explain certain principles of the invention.
Drawings
The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent by describing in more detail exemplary embodiments thereof with reference to the attached drawings, in which like reference numerals generally represent like parts.
Fig. 1 shows a flow chart of the steps of an adaptive ghost suppression method according to the present invention.
Fig. 2a, 2b and 2c show schematic diagrams of raw simulation data singlet shots, compressed singlet shots according to the conventional method and compressed singlet shots according to the invention, respectively.
FIG. 3 shows a simulated data spectrum versus graph according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4a and 4b show schematic diagrams of raw marine actual seismic data monochip recordings and compressed monochip recordings according to the invention, respectively.
FIGS. 5a and 5b show schematic diagrams of an original marine actual seismic data stack-up section and a stamped stack-up section according to the invention, respectively, according to one embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 6 shows a spectral comparison of marine actual seismic data, according to one embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While the preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present invention may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 shows a flow chart of the steps of an adaptive ghost suppression method according to the present invention.
In this embodiment, the adaptive ghost compression method according to the present invention may include: step 101, determining a search range of each ghost wave delay time in seismic wave field data, and calculating a ghost wave removing result corresponding to each ghost wave delay time in the search range; 102, calculating ghost wave delay time corresponding to the maximum kurtosis coefficient in a search range as optimal ghost wave delay time according to the ghost wave removing result; step 103, calculating a ghost wave filtering operator according to the optimal ghost wave delay time; and step 104; and calculating the ghost-wave-free uplink wave field according to the seismic wave field data and the ghost wave filtering operator.
In one example, the ghost wave removal result is:
wherein, UnΔ t as a result of ghost eliminationnThe ghost delay time of the nth channel is searched for within a range of [ Delta t ]min,Δtmax]ε is the white noise factor, G (Δ t)n) Representing ghost wave filter operators, PnRepresenting seismic wavefield data.
In one example, the optimal ghost delay time is:
wherein u (Δ t)n) For the time domain expression of the Deghost result, k [ u ]n(Δtn)]Represents u (Δ t)n) E denotes an expected value.
In one example, the ghost filter operator is:
G(x,z,f)＝1+R·e-i2πfΔt(3)
wherein G (x, z, f) represents a ghost wave filter operator, R is a sea water surface reflection coefficient, f represents frequency, and delta t represents ghost wave delay time.
In one example, the ghost-free up-going wavefield is:
wherein U (x, z, f) is a ghost-free up-going wavefield, G*(x, z, f) is the conjugate transpose of G (x, z, f), ε is the white noise factor, and P (x, z, f) is the seismic wavefield data.
Specifically, for marine seismic survey data, the seismic records can be regarded as the convolution of primary reflection waves and ghost wave filtering operators, and the following relationship exists between the total seismic wavefield P received by the detector and the ghost wave-free up-going wavefield U to be obtained:
P(x,z,f)＝U(x,z,f)·G(x,z,f) (5)
wherein G (x, z, f) represents a ghost filter operator, and the expression is as follows:
G(x,z,f)＝1+R·e-i2πfΔt(6)
r is the sea water surface reflection coefficient, which is approximately equal to-1, and therefore, the ghost compression process can be expressed as an inverse filtering process for the ghost filtering operator, which can be expressed as:
it is known that there is an obvious notch influence on the frequency spectrum of the ghost operator G (x, z, f), noise influence is amplified in the inverse filtering process, and in order to reduce the calculation error, a least square algorithm is adopted to calculate the ghost-free up-going wave field by the formula (4).
Due to sea surface reflections, ghost delay time Δ t is equal to the time of two seismic signal journeys through the detector, and in the above calculation, it is generally assumed that Δ t is approximately equal to
However, in actual seismic exploration and acquisition at sea, the rough sea surface will seriously affect the estimation of the ghost wave delay time, and the inaccurate ghost wave delay time can cause errors in amplitude and phase in ghost wave compression calculation, cause ghost wave energy residue and introduce crosstalk noise.
In the process of removing ghost waves from ocean data, the more accurate the ghost operator parameter estimation is, the more complete the ghost wave energy suppression is, the once reflection signal can be effectively recovered, the larger the kurtosis value of the ghost wave removing result is, and the positive correlation between the kurtosis value and the ghost wave suppression effect is formed.
Therefore, the adaptive ghost compression method according to the present invention may include:
determining the search range of each ghost wave delay time in the seismic wave field data, and calculating the ghost wave removing result corresponding to each ghost wave delay time in the search range through a formula (1).
Determining the search range of the optimal ghost wave delay time as [ delta t ] according to the ghost wave removing resultmin,Δtmax]The size depends on factors such as streamer submergence depth, sea water speed, emergence angle and the like, and the size is roughly estimated on the basis of a deterministic ghost wave compression methodAnd (3) the searching range of each ghost delay time, and further, the optimal ghost delay time is estimated by analyzing the kurtosis coefficient of each result in the searching range, the influence of the rough seawater on ghost delay time calculation is eliminated, and the ghost delay time corresponding to the maximum kurtosis coefficient in the searching range is calculated to be the optimal ghost delay time through a formula (2).
Calculating a ghost wave filtering operator according to the optimal ghost wave delay time through a formula (3); and (4) calculating the ghost-wave-free uplink wave field according to the seismic wave field data and the ghost wave filtering operator through a formula (4).
According to the method, the optimal ghost wave delay time is accurately estimated through a kurtosis coefficient maximization method, and then the influence of rough seawater on ghost wave suppression can be eliminated to the maximum extent through a deterministic ghost wave suppression algorithm, so that the ghost wave suppression of marine streamer data is realized.
Application example
To facilitate understanding of the solution of the embodiments of the present invention and the effects thereof, a specific application example is given below. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that this example is merely for the purpose of facilitating an understanding of the present invention and that any specific details thereof are not intended to limit the invention in any way.
And selecting marine seismic acquisition simulation data and actual data for processing and analyzing.
Determining the search range of each ghost wave delay time in the seismic wave field data, and calculating the ghost wave removing result corresponding to each ghost wave delay time in the search range through a formula (1). Determining the search range of the optimal ghost wave delay time as [ delta t ] according to the ghost wave removing resultmin,Δtmax]The size of the ghost wave delay time is determined by factors such as the submergence depth of the towing cable, the sea water speed, the emergence angle and the like, and the ghost wave delay time corresponding to the maximum kurtosis coefficient in the search range is calculated to be the optimal ghost wave delay time through a formula (2). Calculating a ghost wave filtering operator according to the optimal ghost wave delay time through a formula (3); and (4) calculating the ghost-wave-free uplink wave field according to the seismic wave field data and the ghost wave filtering operator through a formula (4).
Fig. 2a, 2b and 2c show schematic diagrams of raw simulation data singlet shots, compressed singlet shots according to the conventional method and compressed singlet shots according to the invention, respectively. Because the rough sea surface is added into the simulation data, ghost wave homophase axes recorded by the original simulation data of the graph 2a through single shot are discontinuous; ghost wave compression is performed by a conventional method, as shown in fig. 2c, strong ghost wave energy remains due to the influence of a rough sea surface, and a false phase axis is introduced; and (3) estimating the optimal ghost wave delay time by adopting a kurtosis coefficient maximization method, and further performing deterministic ghost wave compression, wherein ghost wave energy can be well compressed as shown in figure 2 b. Fig. 3 shows a comparison graph of simulated data frequency spectrums according to an embodiment of the present invention, and it can be seen from the result of frequency spectrum analysis that the notch phenomenon is eliminated and the low-frequency end energy is effectively improved, thereby effectively widening the frequency bandwidth of the seismic data.
Fig. 4a and 4b show schematic diagrams of raw marine actual seismic data monochip recordings and compressed monochip recordings according to the invention, respectively. After ghost suppression, the ghost energy following the primary wave is effectively suppressed, and the data resolution is improved. FIGS. 5a and 5b show schematic diagrams of an original marine actual seismic data stack-up section and a stamped stack-up section according to the invention, respectively, according to one embodiment of the invention. Therefore, through ghost wave suppression, the resolution of the shallow seismic section is effectively improved, the in-phase axis is clearer and more continuous, the imaging of the structure and the structure of the middle-deep layer is clearer, and the fault resolution is clearer. FIG. 6 shows a spectral comparison of marine actual seismic data, according to one embodiment of the invention. According to the result of the frequency spectrum analysis, the trap phenomenon caused by ghost waves is well suppressed, the low-frequency energy is improved, and the frequency band of the seismic signals is effectively widened.
In conclusion, the optimal ghost wave delay time is accurately estimated through a kurtosis coefficient maximization method, and then the influence of rough seawater on ghost wave suppression can be eliminated to the maximum extent through a deterministic ghost wave suppression algorithm, so that the marine streamer data ghost wave suppression is realized.
It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the above description of embodiments of the invention is intended only to illustrate the benefits of embodiments of the invention and is not intended to limit embodiments of the invention to any examples given.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided an adaptive ghost wave compression system, comprising: a memory storing computer-executable instructions; a processor executing computer executable instructions in the memory to perform the steps of: determining the search range of each ghost wave delay time in the seismic wave field data, and calculating a ghost wave removing result corresponding to each ghost wave delay time in the search range; according to the ghost wave removing result, calculating ghost wave delay time corresponding to the maximum kurtosis coefficient in the search range as optimal ghost wave delay time; calculating a ghost wave filtering operator according to the optimal ghost wave delay time; and calculating the ghost-wave-free uplink wave field according to the seismic wave field data and the ghost wave filtering operator.
In one example, the ghost wave removal result is:
wherein, UnΔ t as a result of ghost eliminationnThe ghost delay time of the nth channel is searched for within a range of [ Delta t ]min,Δtmax]ε is the white noise factor, G (Δ t)n) Representing ghost wave filter operators, PnRepresenting seismic wavefield data.
In one example, the optimal ghost delay time is:
wherein u (Δ t)n) For the time domain expression of the Deghost result, k [ u ]n(Δtn)]Represents u (Δ t)n) E denotes an expected value.
In one example, the ghost filter operator is:
G(x,z,f)＝1+R·e-i2πfΔt(3)
wherein G (x, z, f) represents a ghost wave filter operator, R is a sea water surface reflection coefficient, f represents frequency, and delta t represents ghost wave delay time.
In one example, the ghost-free up-going wavefield is:
wherein U (x, z, f) is a ghost-free up-going wavefield, G*(x, z, f) is the conjugate transpose of G (x, z, f), ε is the white noise factor, and P (x, z, f) is the seismic wavefield data.
The system accurately estimates the optimal ghost wave delay time by a kurtosis coefficient maximization method, further utilizes a deterministic ghost wave compression algorithm, can eliminate the influence of rough seawater on ghost wave compression to the maximum extent, and realizes the ghost wave compression of marine streamer data.
It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the above description of embodiments of the invention is intended only to illustrate the benefits of embodiments of the invention and is not intended to limit embodiments of the invention to any examples given.
Having described embodiments of the present invention, the foregoing description is intended to be exemplary, not exhaustive, and not limited to the embodiments disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments.
Claims (10)
1. An adaptive ghost suppression method, comprising:
determining a search range of each ghost wave delay time in the seismic wave field data, and calculating a ghost wave removing result corresponding to each ghost wave delay time in the search range;
according to the ghost wave removing result, calculating ghost wave delay time corresponding to the maximum kurtosis coefficient in the search range as optimal ghost wave delay time;
calculating a ghost wave filtering operator according to the optimal ghost wave delay time;
and calculating the ghost-wave-free uplink wave field according to the seismic wave field data and the ghost wave filtering operator.
2. The adaptive ghost suppression method of claim 1, wherein the de-ghost result is:
wherein, UnΔ t as a result of ghost eliminationnThe ghost delay time of the nth channel is searched for within a range of [ Delta t ]min,Δtmax]ε is the white noise factor, G (Δ t)n) Representing ghost wave filter operators, PnRepresenting seismic wavefield data.
3. The adaptive ghost suppression method according to claim 2, wherein the optimal ghost delay time is:
wherein u (Δ t)n) For the time domain expression of the Deghost result, k [ u ]n(Δtn)]Represents u (Δ t)n) E denotes an expected value.
4. The adaptive ghost suppression method according to claim 1, wherein the ghost filter operator is:
G(x,z,f)＝1+R·e-i2πfΔt(3)
wherein G (x, z, f) represents a ghost wave filter operator, R is a sea water surface reflection coefficient, f represents frequency, and delta t represents ghost wave delay time.
5. The adaptive ghost-suppressing method of claim 1, wherein the ghost-free up-going wavefield is:
wherein U (x, z, f) is a ghost-free up-going wavefield, G*(x, z, f) is the conjugate transpose of G (x, z, f), ε is the white noise factor, and P (x, z, f) is the seismic wavefield data.
6. An adaptive ghost wave suppression system, comprising:
a memory storing computer-executable instructions;
a processor executing computer executable instructions in the memory to perform the steps of:
determining a search range of each ghost wave delay time in the seismic wave field data, and calculating a ghost wave removing result corresponding to each ghost wave delay time in the search range;
according to the ghost wave removing result, calculating ghost wave delay time corresponding to the maximum kurtosis coefficient in the search range as optimal ghost wave delay time;
calculating a ghost wave filtering operator according to the optimal ghost wave delay time;
and calculating the ghost-wave-free uplink wave field according to the seismic wave field data and the ghost wave filtering operator.
7. The adaptive ghost compression system of claim 6, wherein the de-ghost result is:
wherein, UnΔ t as a result of ghost eliminationnThe ghost delay time of the nth channel is searched for within a range of [ Delta t ]min,Δtmax]ε is the white noise factor, G (Δ t)n) Representing ghost wave filter operators, PnRepresenting seismic wavefield data.
8. The adaptive ghost compression system of claim 7, wherein the optimal ghost delay time is:
wherein u (Δ t)n) For the time domain expression of the Deghost result, k [ u ]n(Δtn)]Represents u (Δ t)n) E denotes an expected value.
9. The adaptive ghost compression system of claim 6, wherein the ghost filter operator is:
G(x,z,f)＝1+R·e-i2πfΔt(3)
wherein G (x, z, f) represents a ghost wave filter operator, R is a sea water surface reflection coefficient, f represents frequency, and delta t represents ghost wave delay time.
10. The adaptive ghost-wave compression system of claim 6, wherein the ghost-wave-free up-going wavefield is:
wherein U (x, z, f) is a ghost-free up-going wavefield, G*(x, z, f) is the conjugate transpose of G (x, z, f), ε is the white noise factor, and P (x, z, f) is the seismic wavefield data.
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